1. A dynamic sequential active balancing system (100) for electric vehicle battery management, the system (100) comprising: a plurality of battery cells (102) configured to supply electrical power to an electric vehicle; a plurality of sensing units (104) configured to measure real-time operating parameters of a plurality of battery cells (102); a load monitoring unit (106) configured to monitor real-time load demand conditions of the battery cells (102); a plurality of switching units (108), configured to control energy transfer between the plurality of battery cells (102); a power supply unit (110) configured to supply power to the system (100); a controller unit (114) electrically coupled to the plurality of battery cells (102), the plurality of sensing units (104), the load monitoring unit (106), the plurality of switching units (108), and the power supply unit (110) through a wired communication network (112) and configured to process real-time data for dynamic sequential active balancing, wherein the controller unit (114) further comprises: a data input module (116) configured to receive real-time data from the plurality of sensing units (104) and the load monitoring unit (106); a data pre-processing module (118) configured to filter noise, remove transient fluctuations, and normalize raw operating parameter of the received data; a feature extraction module (120) configured to extract relevant operating features from the pre-processed data for battery balancing control; an imbalance detection module (122) configured to detect voltage imbalance among the plurality of battery cells (102) based on the extracted balancing control parameters; a cell ranking module (124) configured to rank the plurality of battery cells (102) based on their respective voltage levels for sequential balancing operations; a monitoring module (130) configured to monitor temperature conditions of the plurality of battery cells (102) and prevent overheating during sequential balancing operations; an activation module (132) configured to activate the plurality of switching units (108) in a sequential manner based on the priority order of the plurality of battery cells (102); an active energy transfer module (134) configured to transfer electrical energy from higher-voltage battery cells to lower-voltage battery cells during sequential balancing operations; an output module (136) configured to transmit status signals and balancing operation data.

2. The system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the controller unit (114) further comprises a prioritization module (126) configured to prioritize the ranked plurality of battery cells (102) based on a magnitude of voltage deviation to determine a priority order for initiating balancing operations.

3. The system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the plurality of sensing units (104) are configured to measure operating parameters including cell voltage, cell temperature, and current of each battery cell (102).

4. The system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the controller unit (114) further comprises a delay optimization module (128) configured to dynamically adjust delay intervals for sequential switching based on at least one of cell temperature, load demand, and magnitude of voltage imbalance.

5. The system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the feature extraction module (120) configured to extract relevant operating features including individual cell voltage values, voltage deviation parameters, imbalance magnitude indicators, temperature parameters, and load condition indicators from the pre-processed data for use in sequential balancing operations.

6. The system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the plurality of switching units (108) comprise MOSFET-based switching.

7. The system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the plurality of switching units (108) are configured to control an inductor-based energy transfer topology to enable active charge redistribution between the plurality of battery cells (102).

8. The system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the system (100) further comprises a capacitor (138) configured to temporarily store electrical energy and enable capacitor-based charge redistribution between the plurality of battery cells (102).

9. The system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the plurality of battery cells (102) comprises at least thirteen (13) series-connected lithium-ion battery cells configured to supply electrical power to an electric vehicle.

10. A method (200) for dynamic sequential active balancing battery (100) for electric vehicle battery management, the method (200) comprising: measuring real-time operating parameters of the plurality of battery cells (102) via the plurality of sensing units (104); monitoring real-time load demand conditions of the battery cells (102) via the load monitoring unit (106); processing real-time data for dynamic sequential active balancing via the controller unit (114), comprising several modules; receiving real-time data from the plurality of sensing units (104) and the load monitoring unit (106) via the data input module (116); filtering noise, removing transient fluctuations, and normalizing raw operating parameters of the received data via the data pre-processing module (118); extracting relevant operating features from the pre-processed data for battery balancing control via the feature extraction module (120); detecting voltage imbalance among the plurality of battery cells (102) based on the extracted balancing control parameters via the imbalance detection module (122); ranking the plurality of battery cells (102) based on their respective voltage levels for sequential balancing operations via the cell ranking module (124); monitoring temperature conditions of the plurality of battery cells (102) to prevent overheating during sequential balancing operations via the monitoring module (130); activating the plurality of switching units (108) in a sequential manner based on the priority order of the plurality of battery cells (102) via the activation module (132); transferring electrical energy from higher-voltage battery cells to lower-voltage battery cells during sequential balancing operations via the active energy transfer module (134); and transmitting status signals and balancing operation data via the output module (136).

Description:FIELD OF DISCLOSURE
[0001] The present invention relates to the field of power electronics, more particularly, the invention relates to dynamic sequential active balancing system for electric vehicle battery management.
BACKGROUND OF THE DISCLOSURE
[0002] Electric vehicles and large-scale energy storage systems rely extensively on lithium-ion battery packs composed of multiple electrochemical cells connected in series and/or parallel configurations. In such multi-cell architectures, maintaining voltage uniformity and balanced state-of-charge across all cells is critical for ensuring operational efficiency, safety, performance consistency, and prolonged battery lifespan. Due to manufacturing tolerances, internal resistance variations, temperature gradients, and uneven aging characteristics, individual battery cells within a pack may experience unequal charging and discharging behaviour over time. This imbalance results in reduced usable capacity, accelerated degradation, thermal stress, and in extreme cases, safety hazards such as overcharging or deep discharge of specific cells. Accordingly, battery management systems are employed to monitor and regulate cell voltages and to perform cell balancing operations to equalize charge distribution within the battery pack.
[0003] Conventional battery management systems generally implement either passive balancing techniques or active balancing techniques to address cell imbalance. Passive balancing methods typically dissipate excess charge from higher-voltage cells through resistive elements, converting surplus electrical energy into heat. Such systems are relatively simple in design and cost-effective for small battery packs. Active balancing methods, in contrast, transfer energy from higher-voltage cells to lower-voltage cells using inductors, capacitors, transformers, or DC-DC converter-based topologies. These systems improve energy efficiency by redistributing charge instead of dissipating it as heat. Various commercial battery management integrated circuits and balancing modules have been developed to support active energy transfer between cells. Certain advanced systems incorporate monitoring algorithms to evaluate cell voltages and trigger balancing operations when predefined thresholds are exceeded. Some approaches attempt to improve balancing efficiency by enabling parallel or simultaneous energy redistribution across multiple cells. Despite these developments, existing cell balancing systems present several technical limitations, particularly in high-capacity EV battery packs containing a large number of series-connected cells. Passive balancing systems suffer from substantial energy losses due to heat dissipation, leading to reduced overall system efficiency and increased thermal stress within the battery pack. The continuous conversion of excess energy into heat may also accelerate cell degradation and reduce battery lifespan. Although active balancing systems improve energy utilization, many such systems employ simultaneous or parallel switching of multiple balancing circuits. This approach can generate significant peak current surges, switching transients, electromagnetic interference (EMI), and localized thermal hotspots. As the number of cells increases, control complexity and circuit stress increase correspondingly. Further, several existing designs are optimized for small battery modules and do not scale efficiently to large EV battery architectures. The coordination of balancing operations across numerous cells may lead to asymmetrical charge transfer, uneven current distribution, and increased power electronic complexity. Additionally, many prior art systems operate using static or threshold-based control strategies that do not dynamically adapt to real-time load variations, driving conditions, or changing state-of-charge distributions. Such limitations can result in slower balancing response, suboptimal energy redistribution, and reduced system reliability under dynamic operating conditions.
[0004] The present invention overcomes these limitations by providing an improved battery management system capable of performing energy-efficient cell balancing while reducing peak current stress, minimizing thermal losses, and supporting scalable implementation across multi-cell lithium-ion battery packs used in electric vehicles and large-scale energy storage systems.
SUMMARY OF THE DISCLOSURE
[0005] The following is a summary description of illustrative embodiments of the invention. It is provided as a preface to assist those skilled in the art to more rapidly assimilate the detailed design discussion which ensues and is not intended in any way to limit the scope of the claims which are appended hereto in order to particularly point out the invention.
[0006] According to illustrative embodiments, the present disclosure focuses on a dynamic sequential active balancing system for electric vehicle battery management which overcomes the above-mentioned disadvantages or provide the users with a useful or commercial choice.
[0007] An objective of the present disclosure is to provide a dynamic sequential active balancing system for electric vehicle battery management that efficiently redistributes electrical energy among a plurality of battery cells to enhance overall battery efficiency, operational stability, and battery lifespan.
[0008] Another objective of the present disclosure is to provide a system capable of continuously monitoring real-time operating parameters of a plurality of battery cells, thereby enabling accurate detection of battery conditions and improving reliability of battery management.
[0009] Another objective of the present disclosure is to enable early detection of voltage imbalance among battery cells through intelligent analysis of operating parameters, thereby preventing excessive voltage deviation and improving battery safety.
[0010] Another objective of the present disclosure is to implement a controller unit incorporating multiple processing modules for efficient processing of battery data, thereby facilitating accurate identification of imbalance conditions and enabling effective battery balancing operations.
[0011] Another objective of the present disclosure is to enable controlled sequential activation of switching units based on a prioritized ranking of battery cells, thereby ensuring efficient and optimized energy transfer between battery cells.
[0012] Another objective of the present disclosure is to improve operational safety of electric vehicle battery systems by continuously monitoring temperature conditions of battery cells and preventing overheating during balancing operations.
[0013] Yet another objective of the present disclosure is to improve energy utilization and extend battery lifecycle in electric vehicle battery by enabling active transfer of electrical energy from higher-voltage battery cells to lower-voltage battery cells.
[0014] In light of the above, in one aspect of the present disclosure, a dynamic sequential active balancing system for electric vehicle battery management is disclosed herein. The system comprises a plurality of battery cells configured to supply electrical power to an electric vehicle. The system includes a plurality of sensing units configured to measure real-time operating parameters of the plurality of battery cells. The system further includes a load monitoring unit configured to monitor real-time load demand conditions of the plurality of battery cells. The system also includes a plurality of switching units configured to control energy transfer between the plurality of battery cells. The system further includes a power supply unit configured to supply power to the system. The system also includes a controller unit electrically coupled to the plurality of battery cells, the plurality of sensing units, the load monitoring unit, the plurality of switching units, and the power supply unit through a wired communication network and configured to process real-time data for dynamic sequential active balancing, wherein the controller unit further comprises a data input module configured to receive real-time data from the plurality of sensing units and the load monitoring unit, a data pre-processing module configured to filter noise, remove transient fluctuations, and normalize raw operating parameters of the received data, a feature extraction module configured to extract relevant operating features from the pre-processed data for battery balancing control, an imbalance detection module configured to detect voltage imbalance among the plurality of battery cells based on the extracted balancing control parameters, a cell ranking module configured to rank the plurality of battery cells based on their respective voltage levels for sequential balancing operations, a monitoring module configured to monitor temperature conditions of the plurality of battery cells and prevent overheating during sequential balancing operations, an activation module configured to activate the plurality of switching units in a sequential manner based on the priority order of the plurality of battery cells, an active energy transfer module configured to transfer electrical energy from higher-voltage battery cells to lower-voltage battery cells during sequential balancing operations, and an output module configured to transmit status signals and balancing operation data.
[0015] In one embodiment, the controller unit which further comprises a prioritization module configured to prioritize the ranked plurality of battery cells based on a magnitude of voltage deviation to determine a priority order for initiating balancing operations.
[0016] In one embodiment, the plurality of sensing units are configured to measure operating parameters including cell voltage, cell temperature, and current of each battery cell.
[0017] In one embodiment, the controller unit further comprises a delay optimization module configured to dynamically adjust delay intervals for sequential switching based on at least one of cell temperature, load demand, and magnitude of voltage imbalance.
[0018] In one embodiment, the feature extraction module configured to extract relevant operating features including individual cell voltage values, voltage deviation parameters, imbalance magnitude indicators, temperature parameters, and load condition indicators from the pre-processed data for use in sequential balancing operations.
[0019] In one embodiment, the plurality of switching units comprise MOSFET-based switching.
[0020] In one embodiment, the plurality of switching units are configured to control an inductor-based energy transfer topology to enable active charge redistribution between the plurality of battery cells.
[0021] In one embodiment, the system further comprises a capacitor configured to temporarily store electrical energy and enable capacitor-based charge redistribution between the plurality of battery cells.
[0022] In one embodiment, the plurality of battery cells comprises at least thirteen (13) series-connected lithium-ion battery cells configured to supply electrical power to an electric vehicle.
[0023] In light of the above, in one aspect of the present disclosure, a method for dynamic sequential active balancing system for electric vehicle battery management is disclosed herein. The method comprises measuring real-time operating parameters of the plurality of battery cells via the plurality of sensing units. The method includes monitoring real-time load demand conditions of the battery cells via the load monitoring unit. The method further includes processing real-time data for dynamic sequential active balancing via the controller unit, comprising several modules. The method also includes receiving real-time data from the plurality of sensing units and the load monitoring unit via the data input module. The method further includes filtering noise, removing transient fluctuations, and normalizing raw operating parameters of the received data via the data pre-processing module. The method further includes extracting relevant operating features from the pre-processed data for battery balancing control via the feature extraction module. The method further includes detecting voltage imbalance among the plurality of battery cells based on the extracted balancing control parameters via the imbalance detection module. The method further includes ranking the plurality of battery cells based on their respective voltage levels for sequential balancing operations via the cell ranking module. The method further includes monitoring temperature conditions of the plurality of battery cells to prevent overheating during sequential balancing operations via the monitoring module. The method further includes activating the plurality of switching units in a sequential manner based on the priority order of the plurality of battery cells via the activation module. The method further includes transferring electrical energy from higher-voltage battery cells to lower-voltage battery cells during sequential balancing operations via the active energy transfer module and transmitting status signals and balancing operation data via the output module.
[0024] These and other advantages will be apparent from the present application of the embodiments described herein.
[0025] The preceding is a simplified summary to provide an understanding of some embodiments of the present invention. This summary is neither an extensive nor exhaustive overview of the present invention and its various embodiments. The summary presents selected concepts of the embodiments of the present invention in a simplified form as an introduction to the more detailed description presented below. As will be appreciated, other embodiments of the present invention are possible utilizing, alone or in combination, one or more of the features set forth above or described in detail below.
[0026] These elements, together with the other aspects of the present disclosure and various features are pointed out with particularity in the claims annexed hereto and form a part of the present disclosure. For a better understanding of the present disclosure, its operating advantages, and the specified object attained by its uses, reference should be made to the accompanying drawings and descriptive matter in which there are illustrated exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0027] To describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present disclosure or in the prior art more clearly, the following briefly describes the accompanying drawings required for describing the embodiments or the prior art. Apparently, the accompanying drawings in the following description merely show some embodiments of the present disclosure, and a person of ordinary skill in the art can derive other implementations from these accompanying drawings without creative efforts. All of the embodiments or the implementations shall fall within the protection scope of the present disclosure.
[0028] The advantages and features of the present disclosure will become better understood with reference to the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawing, in which:
[0029] FIG. 1 illustrates a block diagram of a dynamic sequential active balancing system, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure; and
[0030] FIG. 2 illustrates a flow chart of a method, outlining sequential steps for dynamically balancing system, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0031] Like reference numerals refer to like parts throughout the description of several views of the drawing.
[0032] The dynamic sequential active balancing system for electric vehicle battery management is illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals indicate corresponding components in the various figures. It should be noted that the accompanying figures are intended to present illustrations of exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure. The figures are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure and are not necessarily drawn to scale.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DISCLOSURE
[0033] The following is a detailed description of embodiments of the present disclosure depicted in the accompanying drawings. The embodiments are described in sufficient detail to communicate the present disclosure. However, the amount of detail offered is not intended to limit the anticipated variations of embodiments; on the contrary, the intention is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the scope of the present disclosure.
[0034] In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments of the present disclosure. It will be apparent to a person skilled in the art that embodiments of the present disclosure may be practiced without some of these specific details.
[0035] Various terms as used herein are explained below. To the extent a term is used, it shall be given the broadest interpretation that persons skilled in the relevant art have attributed to that term as reflected in printed publications and issued patents at the time of filing.
[0036] The terms “a” and “an” as used herein do not denote a limitation of quantity, but rather denote the presence of at least one of the referenced items.
[0037] The terms “having”, “comprising”, “including”, and variations thereof signify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof.
[0038] Referring now to FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 various exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure. FIG. 1 illustrates a block diagram of a dynamic sequential active balancing system 100, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure
[0039] The system 100 may include a plurality of battery cells 102. The system 100 may include a plurality of sensing units 104. The system 100 may include a load monitoring unit 106. The system 100 may include a plurality of switching units 108. The system 100 may include a power supply unit 110. The system 100 may include a controller unit 114, which further include a data input module 116, a data pre-processing module 118, a feature extraction module 120, an imbalance detection module 122, a cell ranking module 124, a prioritization module 126, a delay optimization module 128, a monitoring module 130, an activation module 132, an active energy transfer module 134, and an output module 136, and the system 100 may include a capacitor 138.
[0040] The plurality of battery cells 102 configured to supply electrical power to an electric vehicle. The plurality of battery cells 102 may be arranged in a series configuration, a parallel configuration, a combination of series and parallel configurations depending on the energy storage and voltage requirements of the electric vehicle battery system.
[0041] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the plurality of battery cells 102 comprises at least thirteen series-connected lithium-ion battery cells configured to supply electrical power to an electric vehicle.
[0042] The plurality of sensing units 104 configured to measure real-time operating parameters of a plurality of battery cells 102.
[0043] In one embodiment, the operating parameters comprise cell voltage, cell temperature, and current of each battery cell 102. The sensing units 104 may include voltage sensing circuits, temperature sensors positioned adjacent to respective battery cells 102, and current sensing elements for measuring plurality of battery cell 102 current.
[0044] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the plurality of sensing units 104 are configured to measure operating parameters of the plurality of battery cells 102 including cell voltage, cell temperature, and cell current.
[0045] The load monitoring unit 106 configured to monitor real-time load demand conditions of the battery cells 102. The load monitoring unit 106 may determine instantaneous load demand by measuring current draw, power consumption patterns, and load variation signals received from the electric vehicle powertrain system.
[0046] The plurality of switching units 108, configured to control energy transfer between the plurality of battery cells 102.
[0047] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the plurality of switching units 108 comprise MOSFET-based switching.
[0048] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the plurality of switching units 108 are further configured to control an inductor-based energy transfer topology to enable active charge redistribution between the plurality of battery cells 102.
[0049] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the plurality of switching units 108 to transfer stored energy from higher-voltage battery cells to lower-voltage battery cells, thereby improving balancing efficiency and minimizing energy loss during sequential balancing operations.
[0050] The power supply unit 110 configured to supply power to the system 100. The power supply unit 110 is configured to provide regulated electrical power to the controller unit 114, the plurality of sensing units 104, the plurality of switching units 108, and associated control circuitry required for operation of the system 100.
[0051] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the power supply unit 110 is configured to comprise a regulated DC power source derived from the plurality of battery cells 102 and voltage regulation circuitry configured to maintain stable voltage levels required for reliable operation of the controller unit 114, the plurality of sensing units 104, and the plurality of switching units 108 during dynamic sequential active balancing operations.
[0052] The controller unit 114 electrically coupled to the plurality of battery cells 102, the plurality of sensing units 104, the load monitoring unit 106, the plurality of switching units 108, and the power supply unit 110 through a wired communication network 112 and configured to process real-time data for dynamic sequential active balancing.
[0053] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the controller unit 114 may comprise a microcontroller, a microprocessor and many more to execute balancing control algorithms and manage communication between system components.
[0054] The data input module 116 configured to receive real-time data from the plurality of sensing units 104 and the load monitoring unit 106.
[0055] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the data input module 116 is configured to collect real-time operating data including voltage measurements, current measurements, temperature readings, and load demand information transmitted from the plurality of sensing units 104 and the load monitoring unit 106. The data input module 116 may further organize the received data into structured data packets and forward the structured data to the data pre-processing module 118 for further analysis during dynamic sequential active balancing operations.
[0056] The data pre-processing module 118 configured to filter noise, remove transient fluctuations, and normalize raw operating parameter of the received data.
[0057] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the filtering process may include digital filtering techniques such as moving average filtering, Kalman filtering, low-pass filtering to remove noise and transient disturbances from the received data.
[0058] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the data pre-processing module 118 normalizes the filtered data by scaling voltage, current, and temperature measurements to a standardized range suitable for processing, compensates for sensor offsets or calibration errors, and aligns the data in time to synchronize inputs from multiple sensing units 104 and the load monitoring unit 106, thereby ensuring accurate and consistent input for the feature extraction module 120.
[0059] The feature extraction module 120 configured to extract relevant operating features from the pre-processed data for battery balancing control.
[0060] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the feature extraction module 120 configured to extract relevant operating features including individual cell voltage values, voltage deviation parameters, imbalance magnitude indicators, temperature parameters, and load condition indicators from the pre-processed data for use in sequential balancing operations.
[0061] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the feature extraction module 120 further processes the extracted operating features by organizing them into structured datasets, calculating derived metrics such as cumulative imbalance and rate of voltage change, and providing prioritized feature sets to the imbalance detection module 122 and cell ranking module 124, thereby enabling efficient and accurate dynamic sequential active balancing of the plurality of battery cells 102.
[0062] The imbalance detection module 122 configured to detect voltage imbalance among the plurality of battery cells 102 based on the extracted balancing control parameters.
[0063] In one embodiment, voltage imbalance may be determined when a deviation between the highest cell voltage and the lowest cell voltage exceeds a predefined threshold value.
[0064] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the imbalance detection module 122 further communicates the detected voltage imbalance data to the cell ranking module 124 and the prioritization module 126 to determine the sequence and magnitude of energy transfer required for dynamic sequential active balancing, while also triggering protective actions if the imbalance exceeds safety limits to prevent damage to the plurality of battery cells 102.
[0065] The cell ranking module 124 configured to rank the plurality of battery cells 102 based on their respective voltage levels for sequential balancing operations.
[0066] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the cell ranking module 124 assigns a rank to each battery cell 102 by comparing the measured voltage levels, such that cells with higher voltage deviations are prioritized for energy transfer first during sequential balancing operations. The ranking information is communicated to the prioritization module 126 and the activation module 132 to ensure that the balancing sequence is executed efficiently while maintaining system stability and preventing overloading of individual cells.
[0067] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the controller unit 114 further comprises a prioritization module 126 configured to prioritize the ranked plurality of battery cells 102 based on a magnitude of voltage deviation to determine a priority order for initiating balancing operations.
[0068] The monitoring module 130 configured to monitor temperature conditions of the plurality of battery cells 102 and prevent overheating during sequential balancing operations.
[0069] In one embodiment, the monitoring module 130 may temporarily suspend balancing operations when the temperature of any battery cell exceeds a predefined safety threshold.
[0070] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the monitoring module 130 continuously monitors not only the temperature but also the rate of temperature change of each battery cell 102. If a rapid rise in temperature is detected, the module may dynamically adjust the balancing sequence rate to prevent thermal runaway, ensuring safe and efficient operation of the system 100.
[0071] The activation module 132 configured to activate the plurality of switching units 108 in a sequential manner based on the priority order of the plurality of battery cells 102.
[0072] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the activation module 132 may dynamically adjust the activation sequence and timing of the plurality of switching units 108 based on real-time cell voltage, temperature, and load conditions to optimize energy transfer, prevent overloading of any individual cell, and enhance overall battery balancing efficiency. The activation module 132 may also include safety interlocks to halt activation in the event of abnormal conditions, such as excessive current or temperature deviations, thereby ensuring safe and reliable operation of the system 100.
[0073] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the activation module 132 activates the plurality of switching units 108 in a controlled sequential manner based on the priority ranking of the battery cells 102, while dynamically adjusting activation timing to optimize energy transfer efficiency, minimize voltage overshoot, and prevent simultaneous high-current switching that could affect system stability.
[0074] The active energy transfer module 134 configured to transfer electrical energy from higher-voltage battery cells to lower-voltage battery cells during sequential balancing operations.
[0075] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the active energy transfer module 134 may utilize an inductor-based topology to efficiently redistribute electrical energy between higher-voltage and lower-voltage battery cells. The active energy transfer module 134 dynamically controls the magnitude and timing of energy transfer based on real-time voltage differences, cell temperature, and load conditions to achieve optimal sequential balancing while minimizing energy loss and preventing thermal stress on individual cells. The active energy transfer module 134 may further include monitoring mechanisms to detect and prevent overcurrent or excessive energy transfer to ensure safe and reliable battery operation.
[0076] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the plurality of switching units 108 are configured to control an inductor-based energy transfer topology to enable active charge redistribution between the plurality of battery cells 102.
[0077] The output module 136 configured to transmit status signals and balancing operation data. The output module 136 serves as the final stage in the system 100, ensuring that all relevant analytical outcomes are delivered to the end user in a structured, interpretable, and useful format.
[0078] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the system 100 may further comprises a capacitor 138 configured to temporarily store electrical energy during balancing operations and facilitate capacitor-based charge redistribution between the plurality of battery cells 102.
[0079] FIG. 2 illustrates a flow chart of a method 200, outlining sequential steps for dynamically balancing system 100, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0080] At step 202, measure real-time operating parameters of the plurality of battery cells 102 via the plurality of sensing units 104.
[0081] In one embodiment, the operating parameters measured by the sensing units 104 may include individual cell voltage, cell temperature, and current flowing through the plurality of battery cells 102.
[0082] At step 204, monitor real-time load demand conditions of the battery cells 102 via the load monitoring unit 106.
[0083] At step 206, process real-time data for dynamic sequential active balancing via the controller unit 114, comprising several modules.
[0084] In one embodiment, the controller unit 114 executes balancing control algorithms using the plurality of modules to determine imbalance conditions and initiate sequential balancing operations.
[0085] At step 208, receive real-time data from the plurality of sensing units 104 and the load monitoring unit 106 via the data input module 116.
[0086] At step 210, filter noise, remove transient fluctuations, and normalize raw operating parameters of the received data via the data pre-processing module 118.
[0087] At step 212, extract relevant operating features from the pre-processed data for battery balancing control via the feature extraction module 120.
[0088] At step 214, detect voltage imbalance among the plurality of battery cells 102 based on the extracted balancing control parameters via the imbalance detection module 122.
[0089] In one embodiment, voltage imbalance is determined when a difference between a highest cell voltage and a lowest cell voltage exceeds the predefined threshold value.
[0090] At step 216, rank the plurality of battery cells 102 based on their respective voltage levels for sequential balancing operations via the cell ranking module 124.
[0091] In one embodiment, the plurality of battery cells 102 may be arranged in descending order of voltage levels such that higher-voltage cells are prioritized for energy redistribution.
[0092] At step 218, monitor temperature conditions of the plurality of battery cells 102 to prevent overheating during sequential balancing operations via the monitoring module 130.
[0093] In one embodiment, the monitoring module 130 may temporarily suspend or delay balancing operations when a temperature of any battery cell exceeds a predefined safety threshold.
[0094] At step 220, activate the plurality of switching units 108 in a sequential manner based on the priority order of the plurality of battery cells 102 via the activation module 132.
[0095] At step 222, transfer electrical energy from higher-voltage battery cells to lower-voltage battery cells during sequential balancing operations via the active energy transfer module 134.
[0096] At step 224, transmit status signals and balancing operation data via the output module 136.
[0097] In the best mode of operation of the present invention, the system 100 for electric vehicle battery management designed to ensure efficient charge redistribution among the plurality of battery cells 102 arranged to supply electrical power to an electric vehicle. In operation, the system continuously monitors the condition of the battery cells 102 through the plurality of sensing units 104 that measure real-time operating parameters including cell voltage, temperature, and current. Simultaneously, the load monitoring unit 106 monitors the real-time load demand conditions associated with charging and discharging of the plurality of battery cells 102. The sensed data and load information are transmitted through the wired communication network 112 to the controller unit 114, which acts as the central processing unit of the system 100. The power supply unit 110 provides operational power to the controller unit 114 and other system components, while the plurality of switching units 108, preferably MOSFET-based switching elements, are arranged to control the path of energy transfer between the plurality of battery cells 102 within an inductor-capacitor based energy redistribution topology. During operation, the controller unit 114 first receives real-time measurement data through a data input module 116, which collects signals from the plurality of sensing units 104 and the load monitoring unit 106. The received data may contain noise and transient disturbances therefore, the data pre-processing module 118 performs filtering, removal of transient fluctuations, and normalization of the raw operating parameters to generate stable and reliable data. The processed data is then forwarded to a feature extraction module 120, which extracts relevant operating features including individual cell voltage values, voltage deviation parameters, imbalance magnitude indicators, temperature parameters, and load condition indicators. These extracted features enable the system 100 to accurately assess the operational condition of the battery cells 102. Subsequently, the imbalance detection module 122 analyzes the extracted parameters to determine whether a voltage imbalance exists among the plurality of battery cells 102. If the deviation in cell voltage exceeds a predefined threshold, the imbalance detection module 122 signals the controller unit 114 to initiate balancing operations. In response, the cell ranking module 124 organizes the plurality of battery cells 102 according to their respective voltage levels, thereby identifying higher-voltage donor cells and lower-voltage recipient cells. Based on the ranked cell list, the prioritization module 126 determines the priority order for balancing by evaluating the magnitude of voltage deviation associated with each cell. Cells exhibiting higher imbalance are assigned higher priority in the balancing sequence. To ensure stable operation and avoid simultaneous switching events that could cause thermal stress, the delay optimization module 128 dynamically calculates and adjusts delay intervals between sequential switching actions. The delay interval may be determined based on factors such as cell temperature, load demand, and the magnitude of voltage imbalance. Meanwhile, the monitoring module 130 continuously observes the thermal condition of the plurality battery cells 102 and prevents overheating by regulating balancing operations when temperature limits are approached. After determining the balancing sequence and delay intervals, the activation module 132 sequentially activates the plurality of switching units 108 according to the prioritized order of the battery cells 102. Through controlled switching, the active energy transfer module 134 facilitates the transfer of electrical energy from higher-voltage battery cells to lower-voltage battery cells. The switching units 108 operate in coordination with the inductor-based energy transfer topology and the capacitor 138 configured to temporarily store electrical energy and support efficient charge redistribution. The inductor temporarily stores energy in magnetic form during switching, while the capacitor stabilizes voltage and assists in the controlled transfer of charge between cells, thereby enabling active balancing without dissipating energy as heat. As balancing progresses, the controller unit 114 continuously receives updated sensor data, allowing the system 100 to dynamically adjust the balancing sequence and delay intervals in response to changing operating conditions such as load variations or temperature fluctuations. Once the voltage levels among the plurality of battery cells 102 fall within an acceptable balance threshold, the balancing operation is gradually reduced. Throughout the process, the output module 136 transmits system status signals and balancing operation data, enabling monitoring of system performance and operational diagnostics.
[0098] While the present disclosure has been described with reference to specific embodiments, it shall be understood that the disclosure is not limited to the disclosed embodiments. Various modifications, substitutions, algorithmic implementations, communication interfaces, hardware configurations, and equivalent arrangements may be made without departing from the scope of the appended claims.
[0099] The foregoing description is presented for purposes of illustration and description and is not intended to be exhaustive. The embodiments were chosen to best explain the principles of the present disclosure and its practical application, thereby enabling others skilled in the art to utilize the disclosure with various modifications suited to particular implementations.
[0100] Disjunctive language such as the phrase “at least one of X, Y, Z” is understood to mean either X, Y, or Z, or any combination thereof.
[0101] In the absence of conflict, the embodiments described herein may be combined. The protection scope of the present disclosure shall be determined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
, Claims:I/We Claim:
1. A dynamic sequential active balancing system (100) for electric vehicle battery management, the system (100) comprising:
a plurality of battery cells (102) configured to supply electrical power to an electric vehicle;
a plurality of sensing units (104) configured to measure real-time operating parameters of a plurality of battery cells (102);
a load monitoring unit (106) configured to monitor real-time load demand conditions of the battery cells (102);
a plurality of switching units (108), configured to control energy transfer between the plurality of battery cells (102);
a power supply unit (110) configured to supply power to the system (100);
a controller unit (114) electrically coupled to the plurality of battery cells (102), the plurality of sensing units (104), the load monitoring unit (106), the plurality of switching units (108), and the power supply unit (110) through a wired communication network (112) and configured to process real-time data for dynamic sequential active balancing, wherein the controller unit (114) further comprises:
a data input module (116) configured to receive real-time data from the plurality of sensing units (104) and the load monitoring unit (106);
a data pre-processing module (118) configured to filter noise, remove transient fluctuations, and normalize raw operating parameter of the received data;
a feature extraction module (120) configured to extract relevant operating features from the pre-processed data for battery balancing control;
an imbalance detection module (122) configured to detect voltage imbalance among the plurality of battery cells (102) based on the extracted balancing control parameters;
a cell ranking module (124) configured to rank the plurality of battery cells (102) based on their respective voltage levels for sequential balancing operations;
a monitoring module (130) configured to monitor temperature conditions of the plurality of battery cells (102) and prevent overheating during sequential balancing operations;
an activation module (132) configured to activate the plurality of switching units (108) in a sequential manner based on the priority order of the plurality of battery cells (102);
an active energy transfer module (134) configured to transfer electrical energy from higher-voltage battery cells to lower-voltage battery cells during sequential balancing operations;
an output module (136) configured to transmit status signals and balancing operation data.
2. The system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the controller unit (114) further comprises a prioritization module (126) configured to prioritize the ranked plurality of battery cells (102) based on a magnitude of voltage deviation to determine a priority order for initiating balancing operations.
3. The system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the plurality of sensing units (104) are configured to measure operating parameters including cell voltage, cell temperature, and current of each battery cell (102).
4. The system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the controller unit (114) further comprises a delay optimization module (128) configured to dynamically adjust delay intervals for sequential switching based on at least one of cell temperature, load demand, and magnitude of voltage imbalance.
5. The system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the feature extraction module (120) configured to extract relevant operating features including individual cell voltage values, voltage deviation parameters, imbalance magnitude indicators, temperature parameters, and load condition indicators from the pre-processed data for use in sequential balancing operations.
6. The system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the plurality of switching units (108) comprise MOSFET-based switching.
7. The system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the plurality of switching units (108) are configured to control an inductor-based energy transfer topology to enable active charge redistribution between the plurality of battery cells (102).
8. The system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the system (100) further comprises a capacitor (138) configured to temporarily store electrical energy and enable capacitor-based charge redistribution between the plurality of battery cells (102).
9. The system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the plurality of battery cells (102) comprises at least thirteen (13) series-connected lithium-ion battery cells configured to supply electrical power to an electric vehicle.
10. A method (200) for dynamic sequential active balancing battery (100) for electric vehicle battery management, the method (200) comprising:
measuring real-time operating parameters of the plurality of battery cells (102) via the plurality of sensing units (104);
monitoring real-time load demand conditions of the battery cells (102) via the load monitoring unit (106);
processing real-time data for dynamic sequential active balancing via the controller unit (114), comprising several modules;
receiving real-time data from the plurality of sensing units (104) and the load monitoring unit (106) via the data input module (116);
filtering noise, removing transient fluctuations, and normalizing raw operating parameters of the received data via the data pre-processing module (118);
extracting relevant operating features from the pre-processed data for battery balancing control via the feature extraction module (120);
detecting voltage imbalance among the plurality of battery cells (102) based on the extracted balancing control parameters via the imbalance detection module (122);
ranking the plurality of battery cells (102) based on their respective voltage levels for sequential balancing operations via the cell ranking module (124);
monitoring temperature conditions of the plurality of battery cells (102) to prevent overheating during sequential balancing operations via the monitoring module (130);
activating the plurality of switching units (108) in a sequential manner based on the priority order of the plurality of battery cells (102) via the activation module (132);
transferring electrical energy from higher-voltage battery cells to lower-voltage battery cells during sequential balancing operations via the active energy transfer module (134); and
transmitting status signals and balancing operation data via the output module (136).