Description:FIELD OF INVENTION
[1]
The subject matter of the present disclosure broadly relates to the field of batteries. Particularly, the present disclosure relates to a binder composition for electrode materials. Additionally, the present disclosure relates to an electrode composite comprising the binder composition, and an anode thereof. 5
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[2]
The increasing demand for high-performance lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) in electric vehicles, portable electronics, and energy storage compositions has driven the need for advanced electrode materials and components. In LIBs, the anode plays a critical role in determining overall battery efficiency and durability. 10
The anode typically comprises an electrode active material, conductive carbon, and a binder composition that holds these components together and ensures adhesion to the current collector.
[3]
The binder composition is a critical component that significantly influences the mechanical integrity and electrochemical performance of the anode. However, 15
conventional binder compositions used in anode fabrication often fall short in delivering adequate peel strength and mechanical cohesion. These limitations can lead to delamination, cracking, and loss of electrical contact between the active material and the current collector. Such failures not only degrade battery performance but also reduce operational lifespan and pose potential safety risks, 20
especially under high-stress conditions or extended usage.
[4]
Several researchers have attempted to develop binder compositions, but existing solutions face limitations such as uneven distribution of binder components, poor adhesion between the electrode and current collector, inadequate mechanical properties, and suboptimal electrochemical performance. The 25
molecular weight, particle size, and degree of substitution of binder components, significantly affect the overall performance of the binder composition, but achieving the optimal balance of these parameters remains challenging.
[5]
In addition to poor adhesion, existing binder compositions frequently exhibit suboptimal dispersion characteristics. They may fail to effectively fill 30
2
microstructural gaps between active materials and conductive additives. This results in weak interfacial bonding, increased internal resistance, and the formation of defects during electrode processing. These structural deficiencies compromise the mechanical integrity of the electrode and hinder its electrochemical efficiency.
[6]
The lack of a robust and well-integrated binding network further 5
exacerbates these challenges. Without a binder composition that can simultaneously provide elasticity, structural reinforcement, and uniform dispersion, the electrode is prone to mechanical failure and performance degradation over time.
[7]
Therefore, there is a dire need to develop a binder composition with specific molecular properties and particle sizes that enhance adhesive strength, improve 10
elasticity, and ensure uniform dispersion. Such a composition should be capable of bridging microstructural gaps, reducing defect formation, and reinforcing the mechanical and electrochemical stability of the anode.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[8]
In an aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a binder composition 15
comprising: a. a first component selected from a cellulose-based binder having a molecular weight in a range of 40,000 to 70,000 Daltons; and b. a second component selected from a synthetic rubber binder, wherein the first component and the second component are in a weight ratio range of 40:60 to 55:45.
[9]
In another aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided an electrode 20
composite comprising: a. an electrode active material; b. the binder composition as disclosed herein; and c. a conducting carbon.
[10]
In yet another aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a process for preparing the electrode composite as disclosed herein, the process comprising; i. mixing an electrode active material and a conducting carbon to obtain a mixture; 25
ii. adding an aqueous solution of a cellulose-based binder into the mixture to obtain a first solution; iii. adding a synthetic rubber binder to the first solution to obtain a first mixture; and iv. homogenizing the first mixture under high shear mixing to obtain the electrode composite.
[11]
In still another aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided an anode 30
comprising the electrode composite as disclosed herein coated on a current collector 3
selected from carbon coated copper foil, meshed copper foil, foam copper foil, porous copper foil, graphene coated copper foil, conductive resins combined with graphite or carbon black coated copper foil, nickel plated copper foil, or titanium nickel composite coated copper foil.
[12]
In one another aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided an 5
electrochemical cell comprising: (a) the anode as disclosed herein; (b) a cathode; and (c) an electrolyte.
[13]
In another aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided use of the binder composition as disclosed herein, the electrode composite as disclosed herein, the anode as disclosed herein, or the electrochemical cell as disclosed herein, in 10
manufacture of energy storage devices.
[14]
These and other features, aspects, and advantages of the present subject matter will be better understood with reference to the following detailed description and appended claims. This summary is provided to introduce a selection of concepts in a simplified form. This summary is not intended to identify key features or 15
essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended to be used to limit the scope of the claimed subject matter.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[15]
The following drawings form a part of the present specification and are included to further illustrate aspects of the present disclosure. The disclosure may 20
be better understood by reference to the drawings in combination with the detailed description of the specific embodiments presented herein.
[16]
Figure 1 depicts scanning electron microscopic (SEM) morphological images of (a) binder composition B1, and (b) binder composition BP2, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. 25
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[17]
Those skilled in the art will be aware that the present disclosure is subject to variations and modifications other than those specifically described. It is to be understood that the present disclosure includes all such variations and modifications. The disclosure also includes all such steps, features, compositions, 30
and compounds referred to or indicated in this specification, individually or
4
collectively, and any and all combinations of any or more of such steps or features. Definitions
[18]
For convenience, before further description of the present disclosure, certain terms employed in the specification, and examples are delineated here. These definitions should be read in the light of the remainder of the disclosure and 5
understood as by a person of skill in the art. The terms used herein have the meanings recognized and known to those of skill in the art, however, for convenience and completeness, particular terms and their meanings are set forth below.
[19]
The articles “a”, “an” and “the” are used to refer to one or to more than one 10
(i.e., to at least one) of the grammatical object of the article.
[20]
The terms “comprise” and “comprising” are used in the inclusive, open sense, meaning that additional elements may be included. It is not intended to be construed as “consists of only”.
[21]
Throughout this specification, unless the context requires otherwise the 15
word “comprise”, and variations such as “comprises” and “comprising”, will be understood to imply the inclusion of a stated element or step or group of elements or steps but not the exclusion of any other element or step or group of element or steps.
[22]
The term "at least one" is used to mean one or more and thus includes 20
individual components as well as mixtures/combinations.
[23]
The term “cellulose-based binder” refers to a class of polymeric materials derived from cellulose, a natural polysaccharide obtained from plant sources, which are chemically modified to enhance solubility, film-forming ability, and adhesion properties. Moreover, cellulose-based binders serve as functional components that 25
provide mechanical cohesion, facilitate uniform dispersion of active materials and conductive additives, and contribute to the structural integrity of the electrode. Their molecular structure allows for hydrogen bonding and network formation, which enhances adhesion to the current collector and reduces defect formation during processing and cycling. For the purpose of the present disclosure, the 30
cellulose-based binder is selected from carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl
5
cellulose, methyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, cellulose nanofibers, or combinations thereof. The cellulose-based binder has a particle size (D50) in a range of 10 to 30 μm, and the cellulose-based binder has a molecular weight in a range of 40,000 to 70,000 Daltons
[24]
The term “synthetic rubber binder” refers to a class of elastomeric polymer 5
materials that are artificially synthesized through polymerization processes. These binders are engineered to provide adhesive strength, flexibility, and elastic recovery in composite structures. These binders serve to enhance the mechanical cohesion between active materials and the current collector, accommodate volume changes during cycling, and reduce the risk of cracking or delamination. For the purpose of 10
the present disclosure, the synthetic rubber binder is selected from styrene-butadiene rubber, acrylic latex binder, carboxylated nitrile butadiene rubber, hydrogenated nitrile butadiene rubber, halogenated nitrile butadiene rubber, acrylic binder, or combinations thereof, and the synthetic rubber binder has a particle size (D50) in a range of 0.12 to 0.2μm. 15
[25]
The term “degree of substitution” refers to the average number of hydroxyl groups on each glucose unit of a cellulose molecule of the cellulose-based binder that have been chemically replaced by substituent groups. For the purpose of the present disclosure, the cellulose-based binder is carboxymethyl cellulose having a degree of substitution of a hydroxyl group with a carboxylate group in a range of 20
0.65 to 0.80 mol/C6.
[26]
The term “electrode active material “refers to the electrochemically functional component within an electrode composite that participates directly in the charge and discharge processes of an electrochemical energy storage device. The electrode active material is responsible for storing and releasing electrical energy 25
through redox reactions. The performance of the electrode-including capacity, energy density, and cycle life-is largely determined by the properties and behaviour of the active material. For the purpose of the present disclosure, the electrode active material is selected from synthetic graphite, natural graphite, hard carbon, silicon graphite blend, lithium titanate (LTO), or combinations thereof. 30
6
[27]
The term “conducting carbon” refers to a class of carbon-based materials incorporated into electrode composites to enhance electrical conductivity and facilitate efficient electron transport within electrochemical energy storage devices. Conducting carbon does not participate directly in electrochemical reactions but plays a critical role in maintaining electrical connectivity between electrode active 5
material particles and the current collector, especially during cycling and under mechanical stress. For the purpose of the present disclosure, conducting carbon is selected from super P, ketjen black, acetylene black, carbon black such as vulcan XC-72, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene particles, carbon fibers, mesoporous carbon, or combinations thereof. 10
[28]
The term “peel strength” refers to the measure of adhesive bond strength between an electrode composite and current collector, determined by measuring the force required to separate the composite coating from the current collector. Good peel strength indicates stronger adhesion, which is critical for maintaining structural stability, preventing delamination, and ensuring consistent electrochemical 15
performance during battery operation. For the purpose of the present disclosure, the electrode composite exhibits a peel strength in a range of 1.30 to 2.25 N/25mm.
[29]
The term “machine direction (MD)” refers to the orientation in which the electrode composite is aligned parallel to the direction in which the composite is processed or manufactured. The machine direction (MD) represents the 20
longitudinal axis along which the substrate or composite moves through the production equipment. Evaluating performance characteristics in the machine direction (MD) is essential for understanding the behavior of the electrode composite under operational stress and ensuring consistent quality in electrochemical energy storage devices. For the purpose of the present disclosure, 25
the electrode composite exhibits a peel strength in a range of 1.70 to 2.25 N/25 mm in a machine direction (MD).
[30]
The term “transverse direction (TD)” refers to the orientation in which the electrode composite is aligned perpendicular to the direction in which the composite is processed or manufactured. The transverse direction (TD) represents 30
the crosswise axis across the width of the electrode composite. Evaluating
7
performance characteristics in the transverse direction (TD) is essential for understanding the material's behavior under multidirectional stress and ensuring uniform quality and reliability in electrochemical energy storage devices. For the purpose of the present disclosure, the electrode composite exhibits peel strength in a range of 1.30 to 1.90 N/25 mm in a transverse direction (TD). 5
[31]
The term “shear stirring” refers to a mixing technique that applies mechanical shear forces to an electrode composite slurry to promote uniform dispersion and homogenization of its components. Shear stirring is used to break down agglomerates, distribute particles evenly, and enhance the interaction between electrode active materials, binder compositions, and conducting carbon. 10
This process typically involves high-speed rotation or agitation using blades or impellers that generate differential velocities within the mixture, resulting in shear stress. Effective shear stirring improves slurry consistency, coating quality, and ultimately the mechanical and electrochemical performance of the electrode.
[32]
The term “viscosity” refers to the measure of a fluid's resistance to flow or 15
deformation under an applied force. Viscosity is a critical parameter that influences the uniformity of composite coating, particle dispersion, and processability of the slurry. Proper viscosity ensures stable suspension of electrode active material, binder composition, and conducting carbon, which facilitates smooth application onto current collectors, and contributes to consistent electrode thickness and 20
mechanical integrity. For the purpose of the present disclosure, the electrode slurry exhibits a viscosity in a range of 4900 to 4950 Cps.
[33]
The term “current collector” refers to a conductive substrate used in electrochemical energy storage devices, such as lithium-ion batteries, to facilitate the efficient transfer of electrons between the external circuit and the electrode 25
active material within the electrode. It serves as both a mechanical support and electrical interface for the electrode composite. For the purpose of the present disclosure the current collector is selected from carbon coated copper foil, meshed copper foil, foam copper foil, porous copper foil, graphene coated copper foil, conductive resins combined with graphite or carbon black coated copper foil, nickel 30
plated copper foil, or titanium nickel composite coated copper foil. 8
[34]
Ratios, concentrations, amounts, and other numerical data may be presented herein in a range format. It is to be understood that such range format is used merely for convenience and brevity and should be interpreted flexibly to include not only the numerical values explicitly recited as the limits of the range, but also to include all the individual numerical values or sub-ranges encompassed within that range as 5
if each numerical value and sub-range is explicitly recited.
[35]
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skills in the art to which this disclosure belongs. Although any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of the 10
disclosure, the preferred methods, and materials are now described
[36]
The present disclosure is not to be limited in scope by the specific embodiments described herein, which are intended for the purposes of exemplification only. Functionally equivalent products, compositions, formulations, and methods are clearly within the scope of the disclosure, as 15
described herein.
[37]
As discussed in the background, conventional binder compositions exhibit insufficient peel strength, which can lead to delamination, cracking, and loss of electrical contact between the active material and the current collector during battery operation. Furthermore, existing binder compositions frequently lack the 20
ability to effectively disperse conductive additives and fill microstructural gaps, resulting in poor interfacial bonding and increased internal resistance. The absence of a strong and elastic binding network also limits the ability of the electrode to accommodate mechanical stresses and volume changes during cycling. A robust binder composition must facilitate uniform dispersion and stabilization of these 25
additives to ensure consistent electrical conductivity and electrochemical performance.
[38]
These limitations highlight the need for an improved binder formulation that can deliver enhanced peel strength, uniform dispersion, and structural reinforcement to support the demands of high-performance lithium-ion batteries. 30
To address these challenges, a mixed binder composition comprising combinations 9
of binders with complementary properties has emerged as a promising strategy. Accordingly, the present disclosure provides a binder composition by providing an efficiently balanced combination of cellulose-based binder and synthetic rubber binder with specific molecular properties and particle sizes. The cellulose-based binder component with a molecular weight in the range of 40,000 to 70,000 Daltons 5
ensures effective network formation and adhesion strength while avoiding processing difficulties associated with very high molecular weights. The specific weight ratio range of 40:60 to 55:45 (cellulose-based binder: synthetic rubber binder) provides the ideal balance between the structural integrity provided by the cellulose-based binder and the adhesive strength and elasticity contributed by the 10
synthetic rubber binder. The particle sizes of both components - cellulose-based binder with a particle size (D50) in the range of 10 to 30 μm and synthetic rubber binder with particle size (D50) in the range of 0.12 to 0.15μm - ensure uniform dispersion and effective gap-filling between active material particles and conductive additives. The degree of substitution of the cellulose-based binder in the 15
range of 0.65 to 0.80 mol/C6 provides optimal hydrophilicity and binding properties without compromising electrode performance. This binder compositions demonstrates superior peel strength values. The enhanced mechanical properties result in improved electrode integrity, reduced delamination risks, and better long-term cycling stability. The electrochemical performance is also enhanced, with 20
improved capacity retention and coulombic efficiency. Therefore, the present disclosure provides a binder composition engineered to deliver enhanced mechanical and adhesive performance.
[39]
Overall, the binder composition of the present disclosure utilizes cellulose-based binder and synthetic rubber binder with tailored molecular characteristics and 25
finely controlled particle sizes to establish a durable and elastic binding network within the electrode composite. This network effectively bridges microstructural gaps between the electrode active material and conducting carbon, thereby minimizing defect formation, and improving interfacial contact. The binder composition also exhibits excellent dispersion properties, ensuring uniform 30
distribution throughout the electrode matrix. As a result, the binder composition 10
significantly improves peel strength in both machine and transverse directions, enhances structural integrity, and supports long-term electrochemical stability under cycling conditions.
[40]
Accordingly, the present disclosure provides a binder composition comprising: a. a first component selected from a cellulose-based binder having a 5
molecular weight in a range of 40,000 to 70,000 Daltons; and b. a second component selected from a synthetic rubber binder, wherein the first component and the second component are in a weight ratio range of 40:60 to 55:45.
[41]
The present disclosure is not to be limited in scope by the specific embodiments described herein, which are intended for the purposes of 10
exemplification only. Functionally equivalent products, compositions, and methods are clearly within the scope of the disclosure, as described herein.
[42]
In an embodiment of the present disclosure, there is provided a binder composition comprising: (a) a first component selected from a cellulose-based binder having a molecular weight in a range of 40,000 to 70,000 Daltons; and (b) a 15
second component selected from a synthetic rubber binder, wherein the first component and the second component are in a weight ratio range of 40:60 to 55:45.
[43]
In an embodiment of the present disclosure, there is provided the binder composition as disclosed herein, wherein the cellulose-based binder has a particle size (D50) in a range of 10 to 30 μm; and the synthetic rubber binder has a particle 20
size (D50) in a range of 0.12 to 0.2 μm. In another embodiment of the present disclosure, the cellulose-based binder has a particle size (D50) in a range of 11 to 25 μm; and the synthetic rubber binder has a particle size (D50) in a range of 0.12 to 0.15 μm.
[44]
In an embodiment of the present disclosure, there is provided the binder 25
composition as disclosed herein, wherein the cellulose-based binder is selected from carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, cellulose nanofibers, or combinations thereof; and the synthetic rubber binder is selected from styrene-butadiene rubber, acrylic latex binder, carboxylated nitrile butadiene rubber, hydrogenated nitrile butadiene 30
rubber, halogenated nitrile butadiene rubber, acrylic binder, or combinations
11
thereof. In another embodiment of the present disclosure, the cellulose-based binder is selected from carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, or combinations thereof; and the synthetic rubber binder is selected from styrene-butadiene rubber, carboxylated nitrile butadiene rubber, hydrogenated nitrile butadiene rubber, halogenated nitrile butadiene rubber, 5
or combinations thereof. In yet another embodiment of the present disclosure, the cellulose-based binder is carboxymethyl cellulose; and the synthetic rubber binder is styrene-butadiene rubber.
[45]
In an embodiment of the present disclosure, there is provided the binder composition as disclosed herein, wherein the cellulose-based binder is 10
carboxymethyl cellulose having a degree of substitution of a hydroxyl group with a carboxylate group in a range of 0.65 to 0.80 mol/C6. In another embodiment of the present disclosure, the cellulose-based binder is carboxymethyl cellulose having a degree of substitution of a hydroxyl group with a carboxylate group in a range of 0.67 to 0.78 mol/C6. In yet another embodiment of the present disclosure, the 15
cellulose-based binder is carboxymethyl cellulose having a degree of substitution of a hydroxyl group with a carboxylate group in a range of 0.67 to 0.75 mol/C6.
[46]
In an embodiment of the present disclosure, there is provided the binder composition as disclosed herein, wherein the cellulose- based binder is in a weight range 36.00 to 45.00 wt%, relative to total weight of the composition. In another 20
embodiment of the present disclosure, the cellulose- based binder is in a weight range 38.00 to 42.00 wt%, relative to total weight of the composition
[47]
In an embodiment of the present disclosure, there is provided the binder composition as disclosed herein, wherein the synthetic rubber binder is in a weight range of 55.00 to 64.00 wt%, relative to total weight of the composition. In an 25
embodiment of the present disclosure, the synthetic rubber binder is in a weight range of 58.00 to 62.00 wt%, relative to total weight of the composition
[48]
In an embodiment of the present disclosure, there is provided an electrode composite comprising: a. an electrode active material; b. the binder composition as disclosed herein; and c. a conducting carbon. 30
12
[49]
In an embodiment of the present disclosure, there is provided the electrode composite as disclosed herein, wherein the electrode active material is selected from synthetic graphite, natural graphite, hard carbon, silicon graphite blend, lithium titanate (LTO), or combinations thereof; and the conducting carbon is selected from super P, ketjen black, acetylene black, carbon black, carbon 5
nanotubes (CNTs), graphene particles, carbon fibers, mesoporous carbon, or combinations thereof. In another embodiment of the present disclosure, the electrode active material is selected from synthetic graphite, natural graphite, or combinations thereof; and the conducting carbon is selected from super P, ketjen black, acetylene black, or combinations thereof. In yet another embodiment of the 10
present disclosure, the electrode active material is selected from synthetic graphite, natural graphite, or combinations thereof; and the conducting carbon is super P.
[50]
In an embodiment of the present disclosure, there is provided the electrode composite as disclosed herein, wherein the electrode active material is in a weight range of 93.95 to 96.97 wt%, the binder composition is in a weight range of 2.80 to 15
4.75 wt%, and the conducting carbon is in a weight range of 0.50 to 1.3 wt%, relative to total weight of the electrode composite. In another embodiment of the present disclosure, the electrode active material is in a weight range of 94.0 to 96.5 wt%, the binder composition is in a weight range of 3.0 to 4.2 wt%, and the conducting carbon is in a weight range of 0.7 to 1.3 wt%, relative to total weight of 20
the electrode composite. In yet another embodiment of the present disclosure, the electrode active material is in a weight range of 94.2 to 96 wt%, the binder composition is in a weight range of 3.2 to 4.0 wt%, and the conducting carbon is in a weight range of 1.0 to 1.3 wt%, relative to total weight of the electrode composite.
[51]
In an embodiment of the present disclosure, there is provided the electrode 25
composite as disclosed herein, wherein the electrode composite exhibits a peel strength in a range of 1.30 to 2.25 N/25mm. In another embodiment of the present disclosure, the electrode composite exhibits a peel strength in a range of 1.0 to 2.25 N/25mm. In yet another embodiment of the present disclosure, the electrode composite exhibits a peel strength in a range of 1.65 to 2.25 N/25mm. 30
13
[52]
In an embodiment of the present disclosure, there is provided the electrode composite as disclosed herein, wherein the peel strength is in a range of 1.70 to 2.25 N/25 mm in a machine direction (MD), and in a range of 1.30 to 1.90 N/25 mm in a transverse direction (TD).
[53]
In an embodiment of the present disclosure, there is provided the electrode 5
composite as disclosed herein, wherein the electrode composite is coated on a current collector to form an anode.
[54]
In an embodiment of the present disclosure, there is provided the electrode composite as disclosed herein, wherein the current collector is selected from carbon coated copper foil, meshed copper foil, foam copper foil, porous copper foil, 10
graphene coated copper foil, conductive resins combined with graphite or carbon black coated copper foil, nickel plated copper foil, or titanium nickel composite coated copper foil. In another embodiment of the present disclosure, the current collector is selected from copper foil, aluminum foil, nickel foil, or combinations thereof. In yet another embodiment of the present disclosure, the current collector 15
is selected from copper foil, aluminum foil, or combinations thereof.
[55]
In an embodiment of present disclosure, there is provided a process for preparing the electrode composite as disclosed herein, the process comprising: i. mixing an electrode active material and a conducting carbon to obtain a mixture; ii. adding an aqueous solution of a cellulose-based binder into the mixture to obtain a 20
first solution; iii. adding a synthetic rubber binder to the first solution to obtain a first mixture; and iv. homogenizing the first mixture under high shear mixing to obtain the electrode composite.
[56]
In an embodiment of present disclosure, there is provided the process as disclosed herein, wherein the aqueous solution of a cellulose-based binder is 25
obtained by dispersing cellulose-based binder in water under moderate shear stirring comprising: i a first planetary stirring at a temperature in a range of 22 to 28°C at a speed of 1 to 6 rpm for a time period 5 to 15 hrs; and ii. a first disperser stirring at a speed of 1100 to 1500 rpm for a time period of 10 to 60 minutes. In another embodiment of the present disclosure, (i) a first planetary stirring at a 30
temperature in a range of 23 to 27°C at a speed of 2 to 5 rpm for a time period 7 to 14
13 hrs; and ii. a first disperser stirring at a speed of 1200 to 1400 rpm for a time period of 15 to 40 minutes.
[57]
In an embodiment of present disclosure, there is provided the process as disclosed herein, wherein step (ii)is carried out under moderate shear stirring comprising: i. a second planetary stirring at a speed of 10 to 25 rpm, for a time 5
period of 12 to 30 minutes; and ii. a second disperser stirring at a speed of 700 to 1200 rpm for a time period of 30 to 45 minutes. In another embodiment of the present disclosure, (i) a second planetary stirring at a speed of 12 to 22 rpm, for a time duration of 20 to 40 minutes; and ii. a second disperser stirring at a speed of 800 to 1100 rpm for a time period of 8 to 18 minutes. 10
[58]
In an embodiment of present disclosure, there is provided the process as disclosed herein, wherein the high shear mixing comprises- (i) a third planetary stirring at a speed of 10 to 25 rpm, for a time duration of 5 to 25 minutes; and ii. a third disperser stirring at a speed of 500 to 1500 rpm for a time period of 45 to 60 minutes. In another embodiment of the present disclosure, i. a third planetary 15
stirring at a speed of 12 to 22 rpm, for a time duration of 10 to 25 minutes; and ii. a third disperser stirring at a speed of 800 to 1200 rpm for a time period of 50 to 60 minutes.
[59]
In an embodiment of present disclosure, there is provided the process as disclosed herein, wherein the first mixture exhibits a viscosity in a range of 4900 to 20
4950 Cps. In another embodiment of present disclosure, the first mixture exhibits a viscosity in a range of 4910 to 4940 Cps.
[60]
In an embodiment of present disclosure, there is provided the process as disclosed herein, wherein the electrode active material is in a weight range of 93.95 to 96.97 wt%, the binder composition is in a weight range of 2.80 to 4.75 wt%, and 25
the conducting carbon is in a weight range of 0.50 to 1.3 wt%, relative to total weight of the electrode composite. In another embodiment of the present disclosure, the electrode active material is in a weight range of 94.0 to 96.5 wt%, the binder composition is in a weight range of 3.0 to 4.2 wt%, and the conducting carbon is in a weight range of 0.7 to 1.3 wt%, relative to total weight of the electrode composite. 30
In yet another embodiment of the present disclosure, the electrode active material 15
is in a weight range of 94.2 to 96 wt%, the binder composition is in a weight range of 3.2 to 4.0 wt%, and the conducting carbon is in a weight range of 1.0 to 1.3 wt%, relative to total weight of the electrode composite.
[61]
In an embodiment of present disclosure, there is provided an anode comprising the electrode composite as disclosed herein coated on a current 5
collector. In another embodiment, the current collector selected from carbon coated copper foil, meshed copper foil, foam copper foil, porous copper foil, graphene coated copper foil, conductive resins combined with graphite or carbon black coated copper foil, nickel plated copper foil, or titanium nickel composite coated copper foil. 10
[62]
In an embodiment of present disclosure, there is provided an electrochemical cell comprising: (a) the anode as disclosed herein; (b) a cathode; and (c) an electrolyte.
[63]
In an embodiment of present disclosure, there is provided an electrochemical cell as disclosed herein, wherein the cathode is selected from 15
lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NMC Ni80+), lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NMC Ni90+), lithium manganese oxide (LMO), lithium iron phosphate (LFP), or lithium manganese iron phosphate (LMFP)
[64]
In an embodiment of present disclosure, there is provided an electrochemical cell as disclosed herein, wherein the electrolyte is selected from 20
lithium salt, hexafluorophosphate, succinonitrile (SN), vinylene carbonate (VC), fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC), ethylene carbonate (EC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC), ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC), or combinations thereof.
[65]
In an embodiment of present disclosure, there is provided the use of the binder as disclosed herein, the electrode composite as disclosed herein, the anode 25
as disclosed herein, or the electrochemical cell as disclosed herein, in manufacture of energy storage devices.
[66]
Although the subject matter has been described in considerable detail with reference to certain examples and implementations thereof, other implementations are possible. 30
16
EXAMPLES
[67]
The disclosure will now be illustrated with following examples, which is intended to illustrate the working of disclosure and not intended to take restrictively to imply any limitations on the scope of the present disclosure. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as 5
commonly understood to one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure belongs. Although methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice of the disclosed methods and compositions, the exemplary methods, devices, and materials are described herein. It is to be understood that this disclosure is not limited to particular composition, methods, 10
and experimental conditions described, as such methods and conditions may apply. The present invention will be described in a more detailed manner by way of examples. However, these examples should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Materials and Methods: 15
Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), synthetic graphite, natural graphite, Super P, ketjen black, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and copper foil were procured from commercial sources. The mixing processes were performed using planetary mixer and disperser equipment.
EXAMPLE 1 20
Preparation of binder composition
[68]
The present example provides a process for preparing the binder composition B1.
[69]
An aqueous solution of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) was prepared by dispersing 39.47% (w/w) of CMC (molecular weight: 50,000 Daltons, particle size 25
D50: 12.6 μm, degree of substitution: 0.70 mol/C6) in deionized water under moderate shear stirring. The stirring comprised a first planetary stirring at 25°C at a speed of 3 rpm for 12 hours, followed by a first disperser stirring at a speed of 1300 rpm for 30 minutes to obtain a homogeneous CMC solution with target solids content of 2 ± 0.2 wt%. 30
17
[70]
The binder composition B1 was prepared by combining the homogeneous CMC solution with 60.52 % (w/w) of styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) (40±3 wt% solids, particle size D50: 0.144 μm) in a weight ratio of about 40:60 (CMC:SBR) to obtain the binder composition B1. Similarly, the binder composition B2 was prepared with a weight ratio of CMC: SBR of 45: 55. 5
[71]
For comparison purposes comparative binder compositions BP1, and BP2, were prepared as shown below in Table 1.
Table 1
Binder composition
Weight ratio (CMC: SBR)
BP1
35:65
BP2
60:40
[72]
It can be observed from the Figure 1 that B1 exhibited a uniform binder distribution, whereas BP2 shows binder agglomeration, leading to poor overall 10
distribution.
Particle size analysis of the components of the binder composition:
[73]
The CMC and SBR components were selected with specific particle size characteristics to achieve optimal morphological properties in the binder composition. The CMC with a particle size (D50) range of 10 to 30 μm, and the 15
SBR with a smaller particle size (D50) range of 0.12 to 0.2 μm were taken. This significant difference in particle sizes was essential for achieving complementary properties of the binder composition, wherein the larger CMC particles provided structural integrity and the smaller SBR particles filled the interstitial spaces, thereby enhancing overall binding efficiency and creating a synergistic binding 20
network throughout the electrode matrix. 18
Effect of degree of substitution of CMC in binder performance:
[74]
The degree of substitution (DS) of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is a critical parameter that significantly influences the performance of the binder composition in lithium-ion battery electrodes. The CMC utilized in the present disclosure has a degree of substitution in the range of 0.65 to 0.80 mol/C6, 5
specifically 0.70 mol/C6, which represented the optimal balance between hydrophilicity and binding capability. When the degree of substitution falls below 0.65 mol/C6, the CMC exhibited insufficient hydrophilicity and poor dispersion characteristics in aqueous medium, leading to inadequate interaction with the electrode active material and reduced binding effectiveness. Conversely, when the 10
degree of substitution exceeded 0.80 mol/C6, the CMC became overly hydrophilic, resulting in excessive water retention and reduced binding strength in the final electrode structure. The optimal degree of substitution range of 0.65 to 0.80 mol/C6 ensured adequate carboxymethyl group substitution on the cellulose backbone, providing sufficient ionic conductivity through enhanced electrolyte wettability 15
while maintaining strong adhesive properties between the electrode active material and current collector, thereby contributing to improved electrochemical performance and mechanical stability of the electrode.
EXAMPLE 2
Preparation of electrode composite 20
[75]
Step i: 95.5% by weight of synthetic graphite (electrode active material) and 0.8% by weight of super P (conducting carbon) were mixed to obtain a mixture.
[76]
Step ii: The homogeneous CMC solution as prepared in Example 1 was added to the mixture under moderate shear stirring comprising a second planetary stirring at a speed of 15 rpm for 20 minutes, followed by a second disperser stirring 25
at a speed of 900 rpm for 35 minutes to obtain a first solution.
[77]
Step iii: The SBR dispersion was added to the first solution to obtain a first mixture having viscosity of 4925 Cps with total binder composition content of 3.7% by weight. 19
[78]
Step iv: The first mixture was homogenized under high shear mixing comprising a third planetary stirring at a speed of 15 rpm for 15 minutes, followed by a third disperser stirring at a speed of 1000 rpm for 50 minutes to obtain the electrode composite (E1). The high-speed disperser and planetary mixer ensured the uniform distribution of SBR particles within the CMC network. 5
[79]
Similarly, electrode composite E2 is prepared using B2 binder composition.
[80]
For comparative purposes, electrode composites EC2 and EC3 were prepared using binder compositions BP1 and BP2 respectively, following the same process.
Viscosity analysis of electrode composites 10
[81]
Viscosity measurements of the electrode composites were performed to evaluate their processing characteristics. The measurements were carried out using a rheometer equipped with a 40 mm diameter plate at a shear rate of 50 s⁻¹. Electrode composite E1, prepared with binder composition B1 exhibited a viscosity of 4925 Cps, which was within the optimal range for coating applications. However, 15
comparative electrode composite EC2, with lower CMC content (35%), showed reduced viscosity of 3850 Cps, while EC3 with higher CMC content (60%) exhibited significantly higher viscosity of 5650 Cps. The optimal viscosity of E1, thus facilitated better processability and uniform coating formation.
Morphological analysis of electrode composites 20
[82]
The morphological studies of the electrode composites were carried out using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). As shown in Figure 1(a), the electrode composite E1 prepared with the binder composition B1 exhibited uniform distribution of the binder throughout the electrode active material. It was further revealed that the CMC and SBR components formed a well-integrated network 25
structure, providing effective binding between the electrode active material and conducting carbon. This uniform distribution was crucial for maintaining electrical conductivity pathways and mechanical integrity of the electrode composite.
EXAMPLE 3 20
Effect of CMC molecular weight and particle size
[83]
To study the effect of varying molecular weight and particle size of cellulose-based binder (CMC) in a binder composition for an electrode composite, the comparative binder compositions BP3, BP4, and BP5 for electrode composites (EC4, EC5, and EC6 respectively) were prepared based on Table 2: 5
Table 2
Electrode composite
Binder composition
Peel Strength (MD)
Peel Strength (TD)
First mixture viscosity (Cps)
Molecular Weight of CMC (Daltons)
D50 (μm)
E1
B1
50000(40000 to 70000)
12.6
2.21
1.70
4924
EC4
BP3
50000 (40000 to 70000)
234.9
1.39
1.30
3856
EC5
BP4
18000 (< 20000)
66.3
0.83
0.80
2271
EC6
BP5
75000 (> 70000)
32.3
0.68
0.59
5987
[84]
The results presented in Table 2 demonstrated the critical importance of optimizing both the molecular weight and particle size of the cellulose-based binder component in the binder composition. Electrode composite E1, prepared with CMC 21
having a molecular weight of 50,000 Daltons (within the optimal range of 40,000 to 70,000 Daltons) and a particle size (D50) of 12.6 μm, exhibited superior peel strength values of 2.21 N/25mm in machine direction and 1.70 N/25mm in transverse direction, along with optimal viscosity of 4924 Cps for efficient processing. 5
[85]
In contrast, comparative electrode composite EC4, despite having the same molecular weight, showed significantly reduced peel strength due to the excessively large CMC particle size of 234.9 μm, which resulted in poor dispersion and non-uniform distribution throughout the electrode matrix. Similarly, EC5 with lower molecular weight CMC (18,000 Daltons) exhibited the poorest performance with 10
peel strengths of only 0.83 N/25mm (MD) and 0.80 N/25mm (TD), attributed to higher agglomeration tendencies and insufficient binding capability. Conversely, EC6 with higher molecular weight CMC (75,000 Daltons) demonstrated processing complexities due to excessively high viscosity of 5987 Cps, despite achieving reasonable peel strength values. 15
[86]
These findings confirmed that maintaining the CMC molecular weight within the range of 40,000 to 70,000 Daltons and particle size (D50) within 10 to 30 μm is essential for achieving optimal electrode performance, uniform dispersion, improved cohesion, and adhesion, and suitable processing characteristics.
EXAMPLE 4 20
Preparation of anode
[87]
Anodes A1, A2, AP2, and AP3 were prepared by coating electrode composites E1, E2, EC2, and EC3 respectively on carbon coated copper foil (current collector) to form anodes. The coating was performed using doctor blade technique followed by drying at 120°C for 2 hours. 25
Peel strength and mechanical performance studies
[88]
The peel strength and mechanical performance studies of anodes A1, A2, AP2, and AP3 were carried out. 22
[89]
Peel strength analysis: Peel strength was measured using the standard tape test method according to ASTM D3330 standards. A scotch tape was applied over the electrode surface in dimensions of 25 mm length and 18 mm width. The anode was fixed with fixtures at top and bottom, and a load was applied. The tape was peeled at a 90° angle at a constant speed of 25 mm/min. The force required to 5
separate the electrode coating from the current collector was measured and normalized to the width of the test strip to obtain peel strength in N/25mm.
[90]
The peel strength was measured in both machine direction (MD) and transverse direction (TD). The results are provided in Table 3.
Table 3 10
Anode
Peel Strength MD (N/25 mm)
Peel Strength TD (N/25 mm)
A1
2.21
1.70
A2
1.76
1.31
AP2
1.20
0.90
AP3
1.17
1.03
[91]
From the above Table, it was observed that the Anodes A1 and A2, formulated with binder compositions B1 and B2 at an optimal CMC:SBR weight ratio demonstrated superior peel strength values—2.21 N/25 mm and 1.76 N/25 mm respectively in the machine direction (MD) and 1.70 N/25 mm and 1.31 N/25 mm in the transverse direction (TD). 15
[92]
In contrast, comparative anode AP2, which contained a lower CMC content (35%), exhibited reduced peel strength due to inadequate binding capability. Meanwhile, comparative anode AP3, with a higher CMC content (60%), achieved
23
increased peel strength but suffered from significantly elevated slurry viscosity, complicating the processing steps.
[93]
Overall, the results highlighted the importance of optimizing the binder composition to achieve a balance between mechanical integrity and processability in anode fabrication. 5
ADVANTAGES OF THE PRESENT INVENTION
[94]
The present disclosure provides substantial advancement over conventional electrode binder compositions by strategically optimizing the physical and chemical properties of both CMC and SBR binders. Further, the present invention provides a finely tuned combination of smaller binder particle sizes, high molecular 10
weight polymers, and an optimal degree of substitution, which collectively enhance binder dispersion and interaction with active materials and conductive additives. This results in a more uniform and defect-free electrode structure, with improved adhesion to the current collector and reduced stress concentration points. Consequently, the electrode exhibits significantly higher peel strength and 15
mechanical integrity, addressing key limitations of traditional compositions and enabling more reliable and durable performance in practical applications. 24
I/We Claim:
1.
A binder composition comprising:
a.
a first component selected from a cellulose-based binder having a molecular weight in a range of 40,000 to 70,000 Daltons; and
b.
a second component selected from a synthetic rubber binder, 5
wherein the first component and the second component are in a weight ratio range of 40:60 to 55:45.
2.
The binder composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cellulose-based binder has a particle size (D50) in a range of 10 to 30μm; and the synthetic rubber binder has a particle size (D50) in a range of 0.12 to 0.2μm. 10
3.
The binder composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cellulose-based binder is selected from carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, cellulose nanofibers, or combinations thereof; and the synthetic rubber binder is selected from styrene-butadiene rubber, acrylic latex binder, carboxylated nitrile 15
butadiene rubber, hydrogenated nitrile butadiene rubber, halogenated nitrile butadiene rubber, acrylic binder, or combinations thereof.
4.
The binder composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cellulose-based binder is carboxymethyl cellulose having a degree of substitution of a hydroxyl group with a carboxylate group in a range of 0.65 to 0.80 mol/C6. 20
5.
The binder composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cellulose-based binder is in a weight range of 36.00 to 45.00 wt%, relative to total weight of the composition.
6.
The binder composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the synthetic rubber binder is in a weight range of 55.00 to 64.00 wt%, relative to total 25
weight of the composition.
7.
An electrode composite comprising:
a.
an electrode active material;
b.
the binder composition as claimed in claim 1; and
c.
a conducting carbon. 30
25
8.
The electrode composite as claimed in claim 7, wherein the electrode active material is selected from synthetic graphite, natural graphite, hard carbon, silicon graphite blend, lithium titanate (LTO), or combinations thereof; and the conducting carbon is selected from super P, ketjen black, acetylene black, carbon black, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene 5
particles, carbon fibers, mesoporous carbon, or combinations thereof.
9.
The electrode composite as claimed in claim 7, wherein the electrode active material is in a weight range of 93.95 to 96.97 wt%, the binder composition is in a weight range of 2.80 to 4.75 wt%, and the conducting carbon is in a weight range of 0.50 to 1.3 wt%, relative to total weight of 10
the electrode composite.
10.
The electrode composite as claimed in claim 7, wherein the electrode composite exhibits a peel strength in a range of 1.30 to 2.25 N/25mm.
11.
The electrode composite as claimed in claim 10, wherein the peel strength is in a range of 1.70 to 2.25 N/25 mm in a machine direction (MD), and in 15
a range of 1.30 to 1.90 N/25 mm in a transverse direction (TD).
12.
The electrode composite as claimed in claim 7, wherein the electrode composite is coated on a current collector to form an anode.
13.
The electrode composite as claimed in claim 12, wherein the current collector is selected from carbon coated copper foil, meshed copper foil, 20
foam copper foil, porous copper foil, graphene coated copper foil, conductive resins combined with graphite or carbon black coated copper foil, nickel plated copper foil, or titanium nickel composite coated copper foil.
14.
A process for preparing the electrode composite as claimed in claim 7, the 25
process comprising:
i.
mixing an electrode active material and a conducting carbon to obtain a mixture;
ii.
adding an aqueous solution of a cellulose-based binder into the mixture to obtain a first solution; 30
26
iii.
adding a synthetic rubber binder to the first solution to obtain a first mixture; and
iv.
homogenizing the first mixture under high shear mixing to obtain the electrode composite.
15.
The process as claimed in claim 14, wherein the aqueous solution of a 5
cellulose-based binder is obtained by dispersing cellulose-based binder in water under moderate shear stirring comprising:
i.
a first planetary stirring at a temperature in a range of 22 to 28°C at a speed of 1 to 6 rpm for a time period 5 to 15 hrs; and
ii.
first disperser stirring at a speed of 1100 to 1500 rpm for a time period 10
of 10 to 60 minutes.
16.
The process as claimed in claim 14, wherein step (ii) is carried out under moderate shear stirring comprising:
i.
a second planetary stirring at a speed of 10 to 25 rpm, for a time period of 12 to 30 minutes; and 15
ii.
a second disperser stirring at a speed of 700 to 1200 rpm for a time period of 30 to 45 minutes.
17.
The process as claimed in claim 14, wherein the high shear mixing comprises-
i.
a third planetary stirring at a speed of 10 to 25 rpm, for a time duration 20
of 5 to 25 minutes; and
ii.
a third disperser stirring at a speed of 500 to 1500 rpm for a time period of 45 to 60 minutes.
18.
The process as claimed in claim 14, wherein the first mixture exhibits a viscosity in a range of 4900 to 4950 Cps. 25
19.
The process as claimed in claim 14, wherein the electrode active material is in a weight range of 93.95 to 96.67 wt%, the binder composition is in a weight range of 2.80 to 4.75 wt%, and the conducting carbon is in a weight range of 0.50 to 1.3 wt%, relative to total weight of the electrode composite. 30
27
20.
An anode comprising the electrode composite as claimed in claim 7 coated on a current collector selected from carbon coated copper foil, meshed copper foil, foam copper foil, porous copper foil, graphene coated copper foil, conductive resins combined with graphite or carbon black coated copper foil, nickel plated copper foil, or titanium nickel composite coated 5
copper foil.
21.
An electrochemical cell comprising:
a.
the anode as claimed in claim 20;
b.
a cathode; and
c.
an electrolyte. 10
22.
The electrochemical cell as claimed in claim 21, wherein the cathode is selected from lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NMC Ni80+), lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NMC Ni90+), lithium manganese oxide (LMO), lithium iron phosphate (LFP), or lithium manganese iron phosphate (LMFP), and the electrolyte is selected from lithium salt, 15
hexafluorophosphate, succinonitrile (SN), vinylene carbonate (VC), fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC), ethylene carbonate (EC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC), ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC), or combinations thereof
23.
Use of the binder composition as claimed in claim 1, the electrode composite as claimed in claim 7, the anode as claimed in claim 20, or the 20
electrochemical cell as claimed in claim 21, in manufacture of energy storage devices.
25
28
ABSTRACT
A BINDER COMPOSITION AND ITS IMPLEMENTATIONS THEREOF
The present disclosure provides a binder composition comprising: a. a first component selected from a cellulose-based binder having a molecular weight in a range of 40,000 to 70,000 Daltons; and (b) a second component selected from a 5
synthetic rubber binder, wherein the first component and the second component are in a weight ratio range of 40:60 to 55:45. The present disclosure further provides an electrode composite and process of preparing the electrode composite. The present disclosure provides an anode, an electrochemical cell and use thereof.
10
29 , Claims:I/We Claim:
1.
A binder composition comprising:
a.
a first component selected from a cellulose-based binder having a molecular weight in a range of 40,000 to 70,000 Daltons; and
b.
a second component selected from a synthetic rubber binder, 5
wherein the first component and the second component are in a weight ratio range of 40:60 to 55:45.
2.
The binder composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cellulose-based binder has a particle size (D50) in a range of 10 to 30μm; and the synthetic rubber binder has a particle size (D50) in a range of 0.12 to 0.2μm. 10
3.
The binder composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cellulose-based binder is selected from carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, cellulose nanofibers, or combinations thereof; and the synthetic rubber binder is selected from styrene-butadiene rubber, acrylic latex binder, carboxylated nitrile 15
butadiene rubber, hydrogenated nitrile butadiene rubber, halogenated nitrile butadiene rubber, acrylic binder, or combinations thereof.
4.
The binder composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cellulose-based binder is carboxymethyl cellulose having a degree of substitution of a hydroxyl group with a carboxylate group in a range of 0.65 to 0.80 mol/C6. 20
5.
The binder composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cellulose-based binder is in a weight range of 36.00 to 45.00 wt%, relative to total weight of the composition.
6.
The binder composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the synthetic rubber binder is in a weight range of 55.00 to 64.00 wt%, relative to total 25
weight of the composition.
7.
An electrode composite comprising:
a.
an electrode active material;
b.
the binder composition as claimed in claim 1; and
c.
a conducting carbon. 30
25
8.
The electrode composite as claimed in claim 7, wherein the electrode active material is selected from synthetic graphite, natural graphite, hard carbon, silicon graphite blend, lithium titanate (LTO), or combinations thereof; and the conducting carbon is selected from super P, ketjen black, acetylene black, carbon black, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene 5
particles, carbon fibers, mesoporous carbon, or combinations thereof.
9.
The electrode composite as claimed in claim 7, wherein the electrode active material is in a weight range of 93.95 to 96.97 wt%, the binder composition is in a weight range of 2.80 to 4.75 wt%, and the conducting carbon is in a weight range of 0.50 to 1.3 wt%, relative to total weight of 10
the electrode composite.
10.
The electrode composite as claimed in claim 7, wherein the electrode composite exhibits a peel strength in a range of 1.30 to 2.25 N/25mm.
11.
The electrode composite as claimed in claim 10, wherein the peel strength is in a range of 1.70 to 2.25 N/25 mm in a machine direction (MD), and in 15
a range of 1.30 to 1.90 N/25 mm in a transverse direction (TD).
12.
The electrode composite as claimed in claim 7, wherein the electrode composite is coated on a current collector to form an anode.
13.
The electrode composite as claimed in claim 12, wherein the current collector is selected from carbon coated copper foil, meshed copper foil, 20
foam copper foil, porous copper foil, graphene coated copper foil, conductive resins combined with graphite or carbon black coated copper foil, nickel plated copper foil, or titanium nickel composite coated copper foil.
14.
A process for preparing the electrode composite as claimed in claim 7, the 25
process comprising:
i.
mixing an electrode active material and a conducting carbon to obtain a mixture;
ii.
adding an aqueous solution of a cellulose-based binder into the mixture to obtain a first solution; 30
26
iii.
adding a synthetic rubber binder to the first solution to obtain a first mixture; and
iv.
homogenizing the first mixture under high shear mixing to obtain the electrode composite.
15.
The process as claimed in claim 14, wherein the aqueous solution of a 5
cellulose-based binder is obtained by dispersing cellulose-based binder in water under moderate shear stirring comprising:
i.
a first planetary stirring at a temperature in a range of 22 to 28°C at a speed of 1 to 6 rpm for a time period 5 to 15 hrs; and
ii.
first disperser stirring at a speed of 1100 to 1500 rpm for a time period 10
of 10 to 60 minutes.
16.
The process as claimed in claim 14, wherein step (ii) is carried out under moderate shear stirring comprising:
i.
a second planetary stirring at a speed of 10 to 25 rpm, for a time period of 12 to 30 minutes; and 15
ii.
a second disperser stirring at a speed of 700 to 1200 rpm for a time period of 30 to 45 minutes.
17.
The process as claimed in claim 14, wherein the high shear mixing comprises-
i.
a third planetary stirring at a speed of 10 to 25 rpm, for a time duration 20
of 5 to 25 minutes; and
ii.
a third disperser stirring at a speed of 500 to 1500 rpm for a time period of 45 to 60 minutes.
18.
The process as claimed in claim 14, wherein the first mixture exhibits a viscosity in a range of 4900 to 4950 Cps. 25
19.
The process as claimed in claim 14, wherein the electrode active material is in a weight range of 93.95 to 96.67 wt%, the binder composition is in a weight range of 2.80 to 4.75 wt%, and the conducting carbon is in a weight range of 0.50 to 1.3 wt%, relative to total weight of the electrode composite. 30
27
20.
An anode comprising the electrode composite as claimed in claim 7 coated on a current collector selected from carbon coated copper foil, meshed copper foil, foam copper foil, porous copper foil, graphene coated copper foil, conductive resins combined with graphite or carbon black coated copper foil, nickel plated copper foil, or titanium nickel composite coated 5
copper foil.
21.
An electrochemical cell comprising:
a.
the anode as claimed in claim 20;
b.
a cathode; and
c.
an electrolyte. 10
22.
The electrochemical cell as claimed in claim 21, wherein the cathode is selected from lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NMC Ni80+), lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NMC Ni90+), lithium manganese oxide (LMO), lithium iron phosphate (LFP), or lithium manganese iron phosphate (LMFP), and the electrolyte is selected from lithium salt, 15
hexafluorophosphate, succinonitrile (SN), vinylene carbonate (VC), fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC), ethylene carbonate (EC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC), ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC), or combinations thereof
23.
Use of the binder composition as claimed in claim 1, the electrode composite as claimed in claim 7, the anode as claimed in claim 20, or the 20
electrochemical cell as claimed in claim 21, in manufacture of energy storage devices.
25