Claims:We Claim:
1. A battery pack (108, 401), comprising
a battery module (201, 403), said battery module (201, 403) includes
an energy storage cell holder assembly (203, 404), wherein said energy storage cell holder assembly (203, 404) includes
a securing energy storage cell holder (203A, 404A), and
a receiving energy storage cell holder (203B, 404B),
wherein a plurality of energy storage cells (205, 402) being disposed in said energy storage cell holder assembly (203, 404),
wherein a premix phase change material (301) occupies an empty space formed by said energy storage securing cell holder (203A, 404A) and a receiving energy storage cell holder (203B, 404B) such that said premix phase change material (301) substantially cover an outer surface of at least one of said energy storage cells (205, 402).

2. The battery pack (108, 401) as claimed in claim 1, wherein said premix phase change material (301) composition comprises of:
5 to 95% of a first material by weight having predetermined first phase transition temperature range, and
95 to 5% of a second material by weight having predetermined second phase transition temperature range, wherein weight percentage of first material and second material being based on the total weight of premix phase change material (301) material.

3. The battery pack (108, 401) as claimed in claim 2, wherein phase transition temperature of first material ranges from 36 degree Celsius to 48 degree Celsius.

4. The battery pack (108, 401) as claimed in claim 2, wherein phase change temperature of second material ranges from 45 degree Celsius to 60 degree Celsius.

5. The battery pack (108, 401) as claimed in claim 2, wherein density of first material ranges from 1 to 1.5 gram/cc.

6. The battery pack (108, 401) as claimed in claim 2, wherein density of second material ranges from 0.7 to 1 gram/cc.

7. The battery pack (108, 401) as claimed in claim 1, wherein said energy storage cells (205, 402) are lithium-ion cylindrical energy storage cells.

8. The battery pack (108, 401) as claimed in claim 1, wherein said energy storage cells (, 402) are lithium-ion prismatic energy storage cells.

9. A vehicle (100) comprising:
a frame assembly (101), said frame assembly (101) includes
a head tube (102),
a main tube (103) extending rearwardly and downwardly from said head tube (102),
a pair of down frame member (104) extends rearward from a rear portion of said main tube (103) toward towards the rear portion of the vehicle (100) to connect with a cross tube,
one or more battery packs (108, 401) as claimed in any of the preceding claims,
wherein said battery pack (108, 401) being supported by said pair of down frame members.
, Description:TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present subject matter relates to a battery pack. More particularly, to a battery pack for a powered device or product.

BACKGROUND
[0002] Existing research in battery technology is directed to rechargeable batteries, such as sealed, starved electrolyte, lead/acid batteries, are commonly used as power sources in different applications, such as, vehicles and the like. However, the lead-acid batteries are heavy, bulky, and have short cycle life, short calendar life, and low turn around efficiency, resulting in limitations in applications.
[0003] Thus, in order to overcome problems associated with conventional energy storage devices including the lead-acid batteries, lithium-ion battery has emerged as a preferred solution which provides an ideal system for high energy-density applications, improved rate capability, and safety. Further, the rechargeable energy storage devices - lithium-ion batteries exhibit one or more beneficial characteristics which makes it useable on powered devices. First, for safety reasons, the lithium-ion battery is constructed of all solid components while still being flexible and compact. Secondly, the energy storage device including the lithium-ion battery exhibits similar conductivity characteristics to primary batteries with liquid electrolytes, i.e., deliver high power and energy density with low rates of self-discharge. Thirdly, the energy storage device as the lithium-ion battery is readily manufacturable in a manner that it is both reliable and cost-efficient. Finally, the energy storage device including the lithium-ion battery is able to maintain a necessary minimum level of conductivity at sub-ambient temperatures.
[0004] In a known structure for an energy storage device, one or more energy storage cells including lithium-ion battery cells are disposed in at least one holder structure in series and parallel combinations using at least one interconnecting structure. The interconnecting structure is adapted for electrically interconnecting the energy storage cells with a battery management system (hereinafter “BMS”). An output voltage and an output current generated by the energy storage device is transmitted to one or more electronic and electrical components configured to be powered by the energy storage device via end connections after being monitored and regulated by the BMS.
[0005] The above information disclosed in this Background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the background of the disclosure and therefore it may contain information that does not form the prior art that is already known in this country to a person of ordinary skill in the art.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0006] The present invention is described with reference to an exemplary embodiment of battery module for a straddle type two-wheeled vehicle colloquially called a scooter wherein a rider has to straddle and sit. This invention is implementable in two-wheeled vehicles/three-wheeled vehicles. The same numbers are used throughout the drawings to reference like features and components. Further, the inventive features of the invention are set forth in the appended claims.
[0007] Non-limiting and non-exhaustive embodiments of the invention are described with reference to the following figures, wherein like reference numerals refer to like parts throughout the various views unless otherwise specified. It should be appreciated that the following figures may not be drawn to scale.
[0008] Descriptions of certain details and implementations follow, including a description of the figures, which may depict some or all of the embodiments described below, as well as a discussion of other potential embodiments or implementations of the inventive concepts presented herein. An overview of embodiments of the invention is provided below, followed by a more detailed description with reference to the drawings.
[0009] Figure 1 illustrates a partial side view and a top view of a vehicle (100), as per embodiment, in accordance with one example of the present subject matter.
[00010] Figure 2 illustrates an exploded perspective view of a battery pack (108) where few parts are omitted from the figure, as per embodiment, in accordance with one example of the present subject matter.
[00011] Figure 3a illustrates a cut section perspective view of the battery pack (108) across section A-A’, as per embodiment, in accordance with one example of the present subject matter.
[00012] Figure 3b illustrates a top cut section view across B-B’ axis and a localized enlarged view of the battery pack (108) in accordance with one example of the present subject matter.
[00013] Figure 4a illustrates a perspective view of a battery pack (401), as per alternative embodiment, in accordance with one example of the present subject matter.
[00014] Figure 4b illustrates a top cut section view of a battery pack (401) across C-C’ axis, as per alternative embodiment, in accordance with one example of the present subject matter.
[00015] Figure 5 illustrates a graphical representation depicting the difference between range of the vehicles with conventional battery packs and proposed battery pack (108, 401), as per embodiment, in accordance with one example of the present subject matter
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[00016] In the following description, numerous details are set forth to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments. One skilled in the relevant art will recognize, however, that the techniques described herein can be practiced without one or more of the specific details, or with other methods, components, materials, etc. In other instances, well-known structures, materials, or operations are not shown or described in detail to avoid obscuring certain aspects.
[00017] In recent times there is an increased demand to control emissions from automobiles, in view of high efficiency requirements and high cost of fossil fuels. As a result, a number of hybrid and electric vehicles are seeing the light of the day in order to minimize the amount of emissions. Typically, hybrid vehicles have distinct advantage of allowing longer travel, as at least one source is always available to drive the vehicle. Hence, there is low risk of running out of fuel or getting stranded as it may happen with a traditional internal combustion powered vehicle.
[00018] Hybrid vehicles which are configured to be powered either by an internal combustion engine or electric motor or both are off-late replacing normal engine powered vehicles. In the Hybrid vehicles, an internal combustion engine can be used for driving on terrain or for long distances and electric propulsion system can be used for the shorter distances. However, incorporation of both internal combustion engine and electric motor assembly in the hybrid vehicle and especially in a two-wheeled vehicle makes the system bulky and more complex.
[00019] Thus, electric vehicles have gained popularity in recent years as the potential replacement for internal combustion vehicles, since they promise zero emission from electric drive system, and a break away from oil dependency. Hence, a focus of the electric vehicle industry in battery research is directed to rechargeable batteries, such as sealed, starved electrolyte, lead/acid batteries, are commonly used as power sources in vehicles and the like. However, lead-acid batteries are heavy, bulky, and have short cycle life, short calendar life, and low turn around efficiency. However, a pure electric vehicle entails a problem in that its own weight increases. Also, the traveling distance for a pure electric vehicle is short, and due to packaging constraints, it is difficult to mount one or more batteries as an additional rechargeable back-up power source. The limited spaces of the vehicle and further structural challenges for installing said one or more additional batteries thereon is another constraint with pure electric vehicles.
[00020] In order to overcome problems associated with said conventional energy storage devices including the lead-acid batteries for the vehicle, a lithium-ion battery cell provides an ideal system for high energy-density applications, improved rate capability, and safety. Further, the rechargeable energy storage devices like lithium-ion batteries exhibit characteristics such as flexibility, solid components and more which makes it useable on the vehicle.
[00021] Generally, electric vehicles, particularly high-performance vehicles require a plurality of lithium-ion cells. The plurality of lithium-ion cells are employed to achieve the equivalent performance in terms of the range of an gasoline powered vehicle since batteries generally have a lower energy density than gasoline. Further, it is counterintuitive in nature to meet the need to propel vehicles with optimum torque and speed while enabling enough storage space inside the vehicles as a large proportion of the weight and volume of the electric vehicle must be devoted to the batteries. Therefore, it is challenge for the designer engineers for a two or three-wheeled saddle type vehicle when compared with a four-wheeled vehicle owing to the lack of space & compact layout as well as the economics.
[00022] However, the increased weight of the electric vehicle, more particularly high-performance vehicle, is detrimental to the speed and range of the motorcycle. Therefore, to achieve good performance it is important to reduce the weight of the electric vehicle while retaining the optimum strength of the electric vehicle to support the multiple components including electric motor and plurality of battery packs. Typically, vehicles with high acceleration and / or high engine power (KW) are referred to as high performance vehicles, wherein the minimum engine power consumed by a typical electric vehicle is 15KWH per 100 kms. In addition to that, current batteries require a relatively long time to recharge. In order to address said issue, charging a lithium-based battery using a constant-current/constant-voltage (CC/CV) method is a universal practice where 0.5 A to 1A current is used in the CC regime. Further, it is known in the art, to fast charge or boost charge the battery using adjustable voltage control method. More specifically, an imaginary resistance value is incorporated in the charging circuit in series with nominal resistance of DC model of battery which is a function of temperature, state of charge and other physical parameter. Though, the proposed method charges the battery at a much faster rate but it also increases battery degradation and performance deterioration due to increased temperature in the battery pack. In other words, the operating temperature a key barrier to fast charging.
[00023] To address said issue, various control methods are known in the prior arts. Conventionally, derating of power levels is requested by the Battery management system. However, derating the power levels lead to less power output from an electric motor thereby impairing the riding comfort. In addition to that, the maximum charging power is limited by the BMS on the vehicle. Typically, the BMS cuts off the charging, when the temperature of the battery pack exceeds a threshold temperature e.g. 45 degree Celsius. Further, in an event of the BMS failure the temperature can increase drastically. Additionally, the heat is generated during fast charging due to resistive heating which is often difficult to remove in a uniform and efficient manner. This leads to accelerated degradation and safety concerns. Importantly, in lithium-ion batteries, the temperature at battery core is higher as compared to other regions. Further, the inhomogeneities in the temperature can lead to different local rates of side reaction and therefore different local degradation rates. This can lead to dendrite growth and eventual short circuit during charging. However, uneven heat generation is not solely a cell level effect. Design decisions on the pack level, particularly those concerning the pack layout and thermal management system design have strong influence on the temperature variation within the battery pack. Therefore, thermal management systems use air, liquid and thermal pads to keep the batteries at an optimum temperature. The battery packs are cooled using air cooling system which are low cost and relatively simple, but fail to achieve sufficient cooling rates and good temperature uniformity. Further, liquid cooling is more efficient than air but its drawbacks include high cost, complexity and potential of leakage. Further, it is known in the art, to cool the batteries using phase change material. However, it is observed that the phase change material melts completely without any heat being produced by the battery, and the low thermal conductivity of the liquid phase change material acts as a barrier to heat transfer. Further, it is known in art to use thermal pads to prevent thermal runaway during any short circuit or over charge failure conditions. However, the air gaps between thermal pads increases the interstitial resistance during heat dissipation which acts as a barrier to heat transfer.
[00024] Therefore, it is a challenge for design engineers to develop a thermal management system which enables fast charge of the battery packs up to maximum charging power and at the same time effectively and uniformly cools the battery packs to ensure battery packs safety and longevity which is counterintuitive in nature as charging greatly depends upon the operating temperature. In addition to that, the behavior of cells and battery packs subjected to fast charging depends on a multitude of factors spanning multiple scales from atomic to system level.
[00025] Further, in high-performance electric vehicles, known batteries are prone to failure due to reasons such as the continuous transmission of mechanical vibrations, exposure to high impact forces and, thermal runaway. This phenomenon can lead to an uncontrolled chain of exothermic reactions resulting in the release of toxic gas. This can further lead to the development of high pressure in the battery packs leading to premature failure, fire, and explosions. To address the said issue, batteries are typically provided with an active cooling means which maintains optimum energy storage cell temperature. However, this significantly increases the size, weight, and cost of the electric vehicle. The increased weight and non-uniform weight distribution undesirably affect the handling and maneuverability of the electric vehicle. More specifically, the non-uniform weight distribution across the electric vehicle leads to imbalances of the center of gravity of the vehicle.
[00026] Therefore, there is a need to provide an improved thermal management system for battery pack overcoming all the above problems & trade-offs as well as overcoming problems of the known art.
[00027] It is an object of the present invention to provide a thermal management system which improves the efficiency of the battery pack.
[00028] To this end, the present invention discloses a vehicle comprising a frame assembly. The frame assembly includes a head tube, a main tube, a cross tube, a pair of down tube, and a pair of side tube. The main tube extending rearwardly and downwardly from said head tube. A pair of down frame member extends rearward from a rear portion of said main tube towards the rear portion of the vehicle to connect with a cross tube. One or more battery pack being supported by said pair of down frame members. The battery pack includes one or more energy storage cell holder assembly.
[00029] As per one embodiment of the present invention, said battery pack comprising a battery module, wherein said battery module includes an energy storage cell holder assembly. The energy storage cell holder assembly includes a securing energy storage cell holder and a receiving energy storage cell holder, wherein a plurality of energy storage cells is disposed in said energy storage cell holder assembly.
[00030] As per an aspect of the present invention, a premix phase change material occupies a space formed by said securing energy storage cell holder and a receiving energy storage cell holder such that said premix phase change material substantially covers an outer surface of at least one of said energy storage cells.
[00031] According to this configuration, one of the advantages of the present invention is that the premix phase change material uniformly cools the battery packs to ensure battery pack safety and longevity during vehicle running and charging condition.
[00032] As per an aspect of the present invention, said premix phase change material composition comprises of 5 to 95% of a first material by weight having predetermined first phase transition temperature range, and 95 to 5% of a second material by weight having predetermined second phase transition temperature range. The weight percentage of first material and second material being based on the total weight of premix phase change material.
[00033] As per another aspect of the present invention, said phase transition temperature of first material ranges from 36 degree Celsius to 48 degree Celsius.
[00034] As per yet another aspect of the present invention, said phase change temperature of second material ranges from 45 degree Celsius to 60 degree Celsius.
[00035] As per an aspect of the present invention, density of first material ranges from 1 to 1.5 gram/cc.
[00036] As per another aspect of the present invention, density of second material ranges from 0.7 to 1 gram/cc.
[00037] According to this configuration, one of the advantages of the present invention is that the premix phase change material, having broad phase transition temperature range, premix phase change material absorbs the heat dissipated by energy storage cells and maintains the optimum temperature within the casing during running and fast charging condition as compare to conventional phase change material. More specifically, during fast charge of the batteries the premix phase change material ensures that maximum charging up of power of energy storage cells.
[00038] As per one embodiment of the present invention, said energy storage cells are lithium-ion cylindrical energy storage cells.
[00039] As per alternative embodiment of the present invention, said energy storage cells are lithium-ion prismatic energy storage cell.
[00040] The present subject matter is further described with reference to accompanying figures. It should be noted that the description and figures merely illustrate the principles of the present subject matter. Various arrangements may be devised that, although not explicitly described or shown herein, encompass the principles of the present subject matter. Moreover, all statements herein reciting principles, aspects, and examples of the present subject matter, as well as specific examples thereof, are intended to encompass equivalents thereof.
[00041] The foregoing disclosure is not intended to limit the present disclosure to the precise forms or particular fields of use disclosed. As such, it is contemplated that various alternate embodiments and/or modifications to the present disclosure, whether explicitly described or implied herein, are possible in light of the disclosure. Having thus described embodiments of the present disclosure, a person of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that changes may be made in form and detail without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. Thus, the present disclosure is limited only by the claims.
[00042] In the foregoing specification, the disclosure has been described with reference to specific embodiments. However, as one skilled in the art will appreciate, various embodiments disclosed herein can be modified or otherwise implemented in various other ways without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure. Accordingly, this description is to be considered as illustrative and is for the purpose of teaching those skilled in the art the manner of making and using various embodiments of the disclosure. It is to be understood that the forms of the disclosure herein shown and described are to be taken as representative embodiments. Equivalent elements, materials, processes or steps may be substituted for those representatively illustrated and described herein. Moreover, certain features of the disclosure may be utilized independently of the use of other features, all as would be apparent to one skilled in the art after having the benefit of this description of the disclosure. Expressions such as “including”, “comprising”, “incorporating”, “consisting of”, “have”, “is” used to describe and claim the present disclosure are intended to be construed in a non-exclusive manner, namely allowing for items, components or elements not explicitly described also to be present. Reference to the singular is also to be construed to relate to the plural.
[00043] Further, various embodiments disclosed herein are to be taken in the illustrative and explanatory sense, and should in no way be construed as limiting of the present disclosure. All joinder references (e.g., attached, affixed, coupled, connected, etc.) are only used to aid the reader's understanding of the present disclosure, and may not create limitations, particularly as to the position, orientation, or use of the systems and/or methods disclosed herein. Therefore, joinder references, if any, are to be construed broadly. Moreover, such joinder references do not necessarily infer that two elements are directly connected to each other.
[00044] Additionally, all numerical terms, such as, but not limited to, “first”, “second”, “third”, “primary”, “secondary”, “main” or any other ordinary and/or numerical terms, should also be taken only as identifiers, to assist the reader's understanding of the various elements, embodiments, variations and/or modifications of the present disclosure, and may not create any limitations, particularly as to the order, or preference, of any element, embodiment, variation and/or modification relative to, or over, another element, embodiment, variation and/or modification.
[00045] It will also be appreciated that one or more of the elements depicted in the drawings/figures can also be implemented in a more separated or integrated manner, or even removed or rendered as inoperable in certain cases, as is useful in accordance with a particular application. Additionally, any signal hatches in the drawings/figures should be considered only as exemplary, and not limiting, unless otherwise specifically specified.
[00046] The embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[00047] Figure 1 illustrates a partial side view and top view of a vehicle (100), as per embodiment, in accordance with one example of the present subject matter. The vehicle (100) has a frame assembly (101). The frame assembly (101) acts as the skeleton for bearing the loads. The frame assembly (101) includes a headtube (102), a main tube (103), and a pair of down tubes (104). The main tube (103) extending rearwardly and downwardly from said head tube (102). The pair of down tubes (104) extends rearward from a rear portion of said main tube (103) toward towards the rear portion of the vehicle (100) to connect with a cross tube (not shown). A handle bar assembly (105) is pivotally disposed through the headtube (102). The handle bar assembly (105) is connected to a front wheel (106) by one or more front suspensions (107). One or more battery pack (108) is supported by the pair of down tubes (104) of the frame assembly (101) and it is disposed in the front portion of a step through space of the frame assembly (101).
[00048] Figure 2 illustrates an exploded perspective view of the battery pack (108), as per embodiment, in accordance with one example of the present subject matter. The battery pack (108) comprises a battery module (201). The battery module (201) is enclosed by an external casing (202), and one or more end covers (204). The end covers (204) include a first end cover (204A) and a second end cover (204B). The battery module (201) includes a plurality of energy storage cells (205) arranged in a particular sequence in an energy storage cell holder assembly (203). The plurality of energy storage cells (205) is lithium-ion cylindrical energy storage cells. The energy storage cell holder assembly (203) comprises of a securing energy storage cell holder (203A) and a receiving energy storage cell holder (203B), wherein said plurality of energy storage cells (205) being disposed in said energy storage cell holder assembly (203). The energy storage cells (205) are electrically connected in series and/or parallel configuration to form an array of energy storage cells (205). Such arrays of energy storage cells (205) are electrically connected to a battery management system (BMS) (not shown) within the battery module (201). As exemplarily illustrated, the external casing (202) is configured with a dovetail pattern (as shown in figure 3a) that is vibration proof and shock resistant. The dovetail pattern of the external casing (202) facilitates easy mounting and unmounting of the battery pack (108) in the space in a device or powered product. The external casing (202) encloses the battery pack (108) from top and bottom. The second end cover (204B) and the first end cover (204A) enclose the battery pack (205) from the rear and the front respectively.
[00049] Figure 3a illustrates a cut section perspective view of the battery pack (108) across A-A’ axis, as per embodiment, in accordance with one example of the present subject matter. Figure 3b illustrates a top cut section view across B-B’ axis with a localized enlarged view of the top cut section view across B-B’ axis of the battery pack (108) in accordance with one example of the present subject matter. For sake of brevity, Figure 3a and Figure 3b will be discussed together. As per one embodiment, said each of said array of electrically connected storage cells (205) are connected together through one or more interconnect members (not shown). A premix phase change material (301) is poured in the battery module (201). The premix phase change material (301) occupies an empty space formed by said securing energy storage cell holder (203A) and a receiving energy storage cell holder (203B) such that said premix phase change material (301) substantially covers an outer surface of at least one of said energy storage cells (205). The premix phase change material (301) composition comprises of 5 to 95% of a first material by weight having predetermined first phase transition temperature range, and 95 to 5% of a second material by weight having predetermined second phase transition temperature range. The weight percentage of first material and second material being base on the total weight of premix phase change material. As per an embodiment, the phase transition temperature of first material ranges from 36 degree Celsius to 48 degree Celsius. The phase change temperature of second material ranges from 45 degree Celsius to 60 degree Celsius. Further, the density of first material ranges from 1 to 1.5 gram/cc. The density of second material ranges from 0.7 to 1 gram/cc.
[00050] Figure 4a illustrates a perspective view of a battery pack (401), as per alternative embodiment, in accordance with one example of the present subject matter. Figure 4b illustrates a top cut section view across C-C’ axis of a battery pack (401), as per alternative embodiment, in accordance with one example of the present subject matter. The battery pack (401) comprising a battery module (403). The battery module (403) includes an external casing (405), energy storage cell holder assembly (404) and plurality of energy storage cells (402). The energy storage cell holder assembly (404) comprises of a secure energy storage cell holder (404A) and a receiving energy storage cell holder (404B). The plurality of energy storage cells (402) being disposed in said energy storage cell holder assembly (404). The energy storage cells (402) are electrically connected in series and/or parallel configuration to form an array of energy storage cells (402). Such arrays of energy storage cells (402) are electrically connected to a battery management system (BMS) (not shown) within the battery module (403). The plurality of energy storage cells (402) is lithium-ion as per the present embodiment are prismatic energy storage cell. The premix phase change material (301) occupies an empty space formed by said securing energy storage cell holder (404A) and a receiving energy storage cell holder (404B) such that said premix phase change material (301) substantially cover an outer surface of at least one of said energy storage cells (402).
[00051] Figure 5 illustrates a graphical representation depicting the difference between range of the vehicles with conventional battery pack and proposed battery pack, as per embodiment, in accordance with one example of the present subject matter. Preferably, the vertical axis signifies the range in kilo meters. The graphical representation shows column A, column B, and column C to depict the range of vehicles with different battery packs. The height of column A represents the range of vehicle having conventional battery pack without phase change material. The height of column B represents the range of vehicle having conventional battery pack with phase change material. The height of column C presents range of vehicle having proposed battery pack with the premix phase change material as per the present invention. It is evident from graph that vehicle having proposed battery pack with the premix phase change material covers more distance. The premix phase change material having broad phase transition temperature range thereby absorbs maximum heat while vehicle running and fast charging condition without using active cooling means. This further improves the range of the vehicle as the use of external cooling means includes external fans and dedicated control unit etc. which draws more current from the battery pack.
[00052] The above-described embodiments, and particularly any “preferred” embodiments, are possible examples of implementations and merely set forth for a clear understanding of the principles of the invention. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that changes in form, connection, and detail may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

List of Reference

100 – Vehicle
101 – Frame assembly
102 – Head tube
103 – Main tube
104 – Pair of down tubes
105 – Handle bar assembly
106 – Front wheel
107 – Front suspension
108 – Battery pack
201 – Battery module
202 – External casing
203 – Energy storage cell holder assembly
203A – Securing energy storage cell holder
203B – Receiving energy storage cell