Description:FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[001] The present invention generally relates to a battery pack and a method for preventing a thermal runaway of a plurality of battery cells of the battery pack.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[002] A battery pack includes several battery cells interconnected to each other. The battery pack achieves desired voltage by connecting several battery cells in series, such that each battery cell adds its voltage potential to derive the total terminal voltage. Similarly, the battery pack achieves desired current by connecting several battery cells in parallel. The use of battery packs as an energy source is becoming prevalent in all parts of the world because of advantages offered by stored electrical energy when compared to, especially, energy generated via fossil fuel powered internal combustion engines. Thus, battery packs are being used to power a variety of electrical and electronic devices including for power intensive applications like powering automobiles, work machines and power tools.
[003] The battery pack is the energy source of an electric vehicle which provides the required electrical energy to propel the vehicle and power its auxiliary components. During charging and discharging cycles of the battery pack, the battery cells of the battery pack release a significant amount of heat which causes them to heat up. Higher temperatures are detrimental to the health of the battery cells as battery cell heating leads to faster capacity degradation and is likely to cause thermal runaway. Thermal runaway of the battery cells poses a huge safety risk as it could lead to fire and explosion of the battery pack. Thermal runaway could occur under overcharging or puncturing or over discharging or temperature surge in the battery pack.
[004] Safety of the battery pack is a critical parameter to be considered in battery pack design. Thermal runaway of the battery cells of the battery pack is one of the biggest concerns for electric vehicle manufacturers. Thermal runaway of battery cells may be caused by factors such as internal short circuit, external short circuit, over charging, high temperature, etc. Malfunctions in the battery pack arising due to defects in an electrical system, cycle life dependent defects, cell manufacturing defects and faults due to improper battery design cannot be prevented altogether. Thus, there is a requirement to implement additional safety features to prevent any cascading effect of thermal runaway in the battery pack. Conventional cooling systems in the battery pack are insufficient to deal with suddenly effected conditions which may lead to thermal runaway of the battery pack. The conventional cooling systems are also not equipped to deal with fires that emerge in the battery pack. For e.g., use of a phase change material does not safeguard all battery cells from potential thermal runaway. Further, use of large quantities of the phase change material in the battery pack makes it very bulky. Mere venting of gases from the battery pack using safety valves when there is a thermal runaway would not sufficiently aid in safety of the battery pack.
[005] Thus, there is a need in the art for a battery pack having a safety system capable of preventing the thermal runaway of the battery pack and a method thereof, which addresses at least the aforementioned problems and limitations.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[006] In one aspect, the present invention is directed to a battery pack. The battery pack includes a casing which encloses a plurality of battery cells. The battery pack further includes a charge dissipation device, an active cooling device and a Battery Management System (BMS). The charge dissipation device is adapted to rapidly discharge the plurality of battery cells, the active cooling device is adapted to decrease a temperature of the battery pack and the BMS is adapted to monitor the battery pack for a potential thermal runaway condition. If the potential thermal runaway condition exists, the BMS estimates a state of charge (SOC) of the battery pack and compares the SOC of the battery pack with a predefined SOC value. If the SOC of the battery pack is greater than the predefined SOC value, the BMS actuates the charge dissipation device to rapidly discharge the plurality of battery cells. If the SOC of the battery pack is lesser than or equal to the predefined SOC value, the BMS actuates the active cooling device to decrease the temperature of the battery pack for preventing thermal runaway of the plurality of battery cells.
[007] In an embodiment, the charge dissipation device includes a resistor-capacitor (RC) circuit. On actuation of the charge dissipation device, the plurality of battery cells is adapted to establish an electrical connection with the RC circuit to rapidly discharge the plurality of battery cells for reducing SOC of the battery pack.
[008] In an embodiment, the active cooling device includes a reservoir containing a coolant, a plurality of cooling tubes in fluid communication with the reservoir and a pump to displace the coolant from the reservoir and circulate the coolant through the plurality of cooling tubes. In an embodiment, the reservoir is mounted to the casing and externally of the casing. In another embodiment, the plurality of cooling tubes includes a plurality of internal tubes disposed internally of the casing, and a plurality of external tubes mounted to the casing and externally of the casing in a spaced apart manner. The coolant is adapted to flow through the plurality of internal tubes for absorbing heat from the plurality of battery cells and to flow through the plurality of external tubes for dissipating heat to an ambient atmosphere. In yet another embodiment, the pump is mounted to the casing and externally of the casing.
[009] In an embodiment, on actuation of the active cooling device, the pump is adapted to displace the coolant from the reservoir and circulate the coolant through the plurality of cooling tubes for absorbing heat from the battery pack and dissipating heat to an ambient atmosphere to decrease a temperature of the battery pack for preventing thermal runaway of the plurality of battery cells.
[010] In another embodiment, the coolant is a fire suppressant, and on actuation of the active cooling device the plurality of internal tubes is adapted to enable the coolant to flow internally of the casing for dousing fires originating between the plurality of battery cells.
[011] In an embodiment, the battery pack includes one or more of an indicator light and an alarm for indicating occurrence of one or more of the potential thermal runaway condition of the battery pack, actuation of the charge dissipation device, and actuation of the active cooling device.
[012] In an embodiment, the potential thermal runaway condition being one or more of at least an overcharging of the battery pack, a high rate of temperature increase of the battery pack, an internal short circuiting of the plurality of battery cells of the battery pack, and an external short circuiting of the battery pack.
[013] In an embodiment, the casing includes a plurality of fins disposed externally of the casing. The plurality of fins is adapted to enable effective heat dissipation from the battery pack to an ambient atmosphere. In another embodiment, the plurality of external tubes is interspersed between the plurality of fins.
[014] In another aspect, the present invention is directed to a method for preventing a thermal runaway of a plurality of battery cells of a battery pack. The method includes the step of monitoring the battery pack, by a Battery Management System (BMS) of the battery pack, for a potential thermal runaway condition. If the potential thermal runaway condition exists, the method includes the steps of estimating a state of charge (SOC) of the battery pack by the BMS and comparing the SOC of the battery pack with a predefined SOC value by the BMS. If the SOC of the battery pack is greater than the predefined SOC value, the method includes the step of actuating by the BMS, a charge dissipation device of the battery pack to rapidly discharge the plurality of battery cells for preventing the thermal runaway of the plurality of battery cells. If the SOC of the battery pack is lesser than or equal to the predefined SOC value, the method includes the step of actuating by the BMS, an active cooling device of the battery pack to decrease the temperature of the battery pack for preventing the thermal runaway of the plurality of battery cells.
[015] In an embodiment, the charge dissipation device includes a resistor-capacitor (RC) circuit, and the method includes the step of establishing by a switch, an electrical connection between the plurality of battery cells and the RC circuit to rapidly discharge the plurality of battery cells for reducing SOC of the battery pack, on actuation of the charge dissipation device.
[016] In an embodiment, the active cooling device includes a reservoir containing a coolant, a pump, and a plurality of cooling tubes in fluid communication with the reservoir. In another embodiment, the plurality of cooling tubes includes a plurality of internal tubes disposed internally of the casing and a plurality of external tubes. The reservoir, the plurality of external tubes and the pump are mounted to a casing of the battery pack and externally of the casing. The method includes the steps of displacing the coolant from the reservoir and circulating the coolant through the plurality of cooling tubes, by the pump, for absorbing heat from the battery pack and dissipating heat to an ambient atmosphere to decrease a temperature of the battery pack, on actuation of the active cooling device.
[017] In an embodiment, the method includes the step of indicating by at least one or more of an indicator light and an alarm of the battery pack, one or more of the potential thermal runaway condition of the battery pack, actuation of the charge dissipation device and actuation of the active cooling device.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[018] Reference will be made to embodiments of the invention, examples of which may be illustrated in accompanying figures. These figures are intended to be illustrative, not limiting. Although the invention is generally described in context of these embodiments, it should be understood that it is not intended to limit the scope of the invention to these particular embodiments.
Figure 1 illustrates a side elevation view of an exemplary battery pack, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 2 illustrates a top plan view of the battery pack, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 3 illustrates a side elevation view of the battery pack, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 4 illustrates a side elevation view of the battery pack, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 5 illustrates a method for preventing a thermal runaway of a plurality of battery cells of the battery pack, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 6 illustrates a method for preventing the thermal runaway of the plurality of battery cells of the battery pack, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 7 illustrates a method to indicate one or more of the potential thermal runaway condition of the battery pack, actuation of a charge dissipation device and actuation of an active cooling device, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[019] Various features and embodiments of the present invention here will be discernible from the following further description thereof, set out hereunder.
[020] The present invention generally relates to a battery pack and more particularly relates to a system and a method for preventing a thermal runaway of a plurality of battery cells of the battery pack. In the ensuing exemplary embodiments, the battery pack is illustrated to have a cuboidal shape. However, it is contemplated that the disclosure in the present invention may be applied to any type of battery pack capable of accommodating the present subject matter without defeating the scope of the present invention.
[021] Figure 1 illustrates a side elevation view of an exemplary battery pack 10, in accordance with an embodiment of the present subject matter. The battery pack 10 includes a casing 20. In an embodiment, the casing 20 is formed by a base wall, a plurality of side walls and a top cover. In the illustrated embodiment, the casing 20 has four side walls. A plurality of battery cells (not shown) is accommodated inside the casing 20. The plurality of battery cells are electrically interconnected to each other to achieve desired voltage and current outputs of the batter pack 10. The battery pack 10 includes a charge dissipation device 30 and an active cooling device 40. The charge dissipation device 30 is adapted to rapidly discharge the plurality of battery cells of the battery pack 10 to deplete a state of charge (SOC) of the battery pack 10. In an embodiment, the charge dissipation device 30 includes a resistor-capacitor (RC) circuit.
On actuation of the charge dissipation device 30, the plurality of battery cells establishes an electrical connection with the RC circuit to rapidly discharge the plurality of battery cells for reducing the SOC of the battery pack. The active cooling device 40 is adapted to decrease a temperature of the battery pack 10. The charge dissipation device 30 and the active cooling device 40 may be disposed either internally or externally of the casing 20 based on design requirements. In the illustrated embodiment, the charge dissipation device 30 is disposed externally of the casing 20 and the active cooling device 40 is disposed partially externally of the casing 20. In another embodiment, the RC circuit of the charge dissipation device 30 may be housed within the active cooling device 40.
[022] Figure 2 illustrates a top plan view of the battery pack 10, in accordance with an embodiment of the present subject matter. Figure 3 illustrates a side elevation view of the battery pack 10, in accordance with an embodiment of the present subject matter. Figure 4 illustrates another side elevation view of the battery pack 10, in accordance with an embodiment of the present subject matter. Referring to Figures 1 through 4, the casing 20 includes a plurality of fins 70 disposed externally of the casing 20. In an embodiment, the plurality of fins 70 project outwardly of the casing 20 and the plurality of fins 70 is provided on the side walls of the casing 20. In the illustrated embodiment, the plurality of fins 70 is provided on the larger side walls of the cuboid shaped casing 20 of the battery pack 10. In another embodiment, the plurality of fins 70 may be provided on the base wall, the one or more side walls, or the top wall of the casing 20. The plurality of fins 70 is adapted to enable effective heat dissipation from the battery pack 10 to an ambient atmosphere.
[023] In an embodiment, the active cooling device 40 includes a reservoir 42 containing a coolant, a plurality of cooling tubes in fluid communication with the reservoir 42 and a pump 46. In an embodiment, the coolant is a fluid having a high thermal conductivity such that it can absorb heat from the battery pack 10 and dissipate heat to the ambient atmosphere at a high rate of absorption and dissipation. In an embodiment, the reservoir 42 and the pump 46 are mounted to the casing 20 and externally of the casing 20. In the illustrated embodiment, the reservoir 42 and the pump 46 are mounted on an outside of one of the smaller side walls of the cuboid shaped casing 20. In another embodiment, the plurality of cooling tubes includes a plurality of internal tubes (not shown) disposed internally of the casing 20 and a plurality of external tubes 44 mounted to the casing 20 and externally of the casing 20 in a spaced apart manner. The coolant when flowing through the plurality of internal tubes is adapted to absorb heat from the plurality of battery cells and other components of the battery pack 10 disposed internally of the casing 20, and the coolant when flowing through the plurality of external tubes 44 is adapted to dissipate heat to an ambient atmosphere. In an embodiment, the plurality of external tubes 44 is interspersed between the plurality of fins 70 on the casing 20 for effective heat dissipation to the ambient atmosphere. In another embodiment, the plurality of external tubes 44 constitute recirculation pipes that enable the coolant to be recirculated between an interior of the casing 20 and the reservoir 42 using the pump 46.
[024] On actuation of the active cooling device 40, the pump 46 is adapted to displace the coolant from the reservoir 42 and circulate the coolant through the plurality of cooling tubes for absorbing heat from the battery pack 10 and dissipating heat to the ambient atmosphere to decrease the temperature of the battery pack 10 for preventing thermal runaway of the plurality of battery cells. In an embodiment, the coolant is a thermal fluid with a high latent heat capacity and is capable of absorbing heat at a high rate from the plurality of battery cells and other components of the battery pack disposed internally of the casing. This high rate of heat absorption can keep the temperature of the battery pack below ignition temperatures of the materials of the plurality of battery cells and other components of the battery pack and avoid fires from starting or put out fires that have already started. In an alternate embodiment, the coolant is a fire suppression fluid, and on actuation of the active cooling device 40 the plurality of internal tubes is adapted to enable the coolant to flow internally of the casing 20 for dousing fires originating between the plurality of battery cells or other components disposed internally of the casing 20. In an embodiment, once the coolant enters the interior of the casing 20, the battery pack 10 cannot be used again without servicing it and removing the coolant from within the casing 20.
[025] Further, the battery pack 10 includes one or more of an indicator light 62 and an alarm 64. The one or more of the indicator light 62 and the alarm 64 are alert devices which indicate one or more of the potential thermal runaway condition of the battery pack 10, an actuation of the charge dissipation device 30, and an actuation of the active cooling device 40. For e.g., in an embodiment, the alarm 64 produces a sound to alert that the battery pack 10 has encountered the potential thermal runaway condition, and consequently the corresponding indicator light 62 blinks to indicate that the charge dissipation device 30 and/or the active cooling device 40 has been respectfully actuated.
[026] The battery pack 10 further includes a Battery Management System (BMS) (not shown). The BMS is adapted to monitor the battery pack 10 for emergence of a potential thermal runaway condition in the battery pack. In an embodiment, the potential thermal runaway conditions include one or more of at least an overcharging of the battery pack 10, a high rate of temperature increase of the battery pack 10, an internal short circuiting of the plurality of battery cells of the battery pack 10 or any other internal short circuiting in the battery pack 10, or an external short circuiting of the battery pack 10. Other factors like abnormal increases in voltage and current of the battery pack 10 may also be interpreted by the BMS as the potential thermal runaway condition.
[027] Figure 5 illustrates a method 500 for preventing a thermal runaway of a plurality of battery cells of the battery pack 10, in accordance with an embodiment of the present subject matter. At step 504, the BMS monitors the battery pack 10 for a potential thermal runaway condition. If a potential thermal runaway condition is not detected, the BMS continues to monitor 504 the battery pack 10 for the potential thermal runaway condition. At step 506, the BMS determines whether a potential thermal runaway condition exists. If a potential thermal runaway condition exists, at step 508, the BMS estimates the state of charge (SOC) of the battery pack 10. At step 510, the BMS compares the SOC of the battery pack 10 with a predefined SOC value. In an embodiment, the predefined SOC value is 30 percentage of the maximum SOC capacity of the battery pack 10. The predefined SOC value can be preset at any value depending on requisite safety considerations. At step 512, the BMS checks whether the SOC of the battery pack 10 is greater than the predefined SOC value. If the SOC of the battery pack 10 is greater than the predefined SOC value, at step 514, the BMS actuates the charge dissipation device 30 to rapidly discharge the plurality of battery cells for preventing the thermal runaway of the plurality of battery cells. Thermal runaway is limited by dumping the charge of the battery pack 10. If the SOC of the battery pack 10 is lesser than or equal to the predefined SOC value either initially or after dumping the charge of the battery pack 10, at step 516, the BMS actuates the active cooling device 40 to decrease the temperature of the battery pack 10 for preventing the thermal runaway of the plurality of battery cells. In an embodiment, the charge dissipation device 30 depletes the charge of the battery pack 10 to a level equal to the predefined SOC value within a time period in the order of 10 milliseconds once actuation from the BMS is received. In another embodiment, the active cooling device 40 decreases the temperature of the battery pack 10 to levels below a thermal runaway threshold temperature within a time period in the order of 1 minute once actuation from the BMS is received.
[028] Figure 6 illustrates the method 500 for preventing the thermal runaway of the plurality of battery cells of the battery pack 10, in accordance with an embodiment of the present subject matter. On actuation, at step 520, of the charge dissipation device 30, at step 524, the BMS operates a switch (not shown) to establish an electrical connection between the plurality of battery cells and the RC circuit to rapidly discharge the plurality of battery cells for reducing SOC of the battery pack 10. On actuation, at step 522 of the active cooling device 40, at step 526, the BMS operates the pump 46 to displace the coolant from the reservoir 42, and at step 528, the BMS operates the pump 46 to circulate the coolant through the plurality of cooling tubes for absorbing heat from the battery pack 10 and dissipating heat to an ambient atmosphere to decrease a temperature of the battery pack 10. Thus, upon detection of a potential thermal runaway condition, the SOC of the battery pack 10 is brought below the predefined SOC value, and after dumping the SOC to reduce the SOC of the battery pack 10 to safe levels, the active cooling device 40 is actuated to circulate the coolant through the battery pack 10 to reduce the temperature of the battery pack 10 and quench any fires inside the battery pack 10 before the fire propagates and lead to dangerous thermal runaway. In an embodiment, the active cooling device 40 may not be actuated after the rapid discharge of the plurality of battery cells. Thus, in a scenario where the rapid discharge of the plurality of battery cells is solely required to prevent thermal runaway of the battery pack 10, the active cooling device 40 need not be actuated. In a further embodiment, the pump 46 displaces the coolant from the reservoir 42 and circulates the coolant through the plurality of cooling tubes for absorbing heat from the battery pack 10 and dissipating heat to an ambient atmosphere within a time period in the order of 1 minute once actuation from the BMS is received.
[029] Figure 7 illustrates a method 500 to indicate one or more of the potential thermal runaway condition of the battery pack 10, the actuation of a charge dissipation device 30 and the actuation of an active cooling device 40, in accordance with an embodiment of the present subject matter. If the potential thermal runaway condition exists at step 506, at step 530, the BMS of the battery pack 10 operates at least one or more of the indicator light 62 and the alarm 64 of the battery pack 10 to indicate the presence of the potential thermal runaway condition of the battery pack 10. If the charge dissipation device 30 is actuated 520, at step 532, the BMS operates at least one or more of the indicator light 62 and the alarm 64 of the battery pack 10 to indicate the actuation of the charge dissipation device 30. If the active cooling device 40 is actuated 522, at step 534, the BMS operates at least one or more of the indicator light 62 and the alarm 64 of the battery pack 10 to indicate the actuation of the active cooling device 40.
[030] Advantageously, the present claimed invention provides a battery pack and a system and a method for preventing a thermal runaway of the battery pack. The claimed configurations of the battery pack and the system and the method for preventing the thermal runaway of the battery pack as discussed above are not routine, conventional, or well understood in the art, as the claimed configurations of the system and the method disclosed herein enable the following solutions to the existing problems in conventional technologies. By dumping the SOC of the battery pack the energy available for a dangerous safety hazard under thermal runaway of the battery pack is prevented. The reduction in the SOC of the battery pack before pumping the coolant into the battery pack to cool it, douse fires, etc. further prevents chances of short circuits that may cause permanent damage to the plurality of battery cells. The present invention solves a major issue related to thermal runaway in battery packs of electric vehicles. With addition of the disclosed electro-thermal safety appliance, this invention also improves safety rating of the battery pack by dumping the available energy of the battery pack and enabling coolant circulation in the battery pack to decrease the temperature. Further, the modular structure of the system inclusive of the charge dissipation device and the active cooling device enables the system to be retrofitted to existing battery packs with minor design modifications.
[031] In light of the abovementioned advantages and the technical advancements provided by the disclosed method and system, the claimed steps as discussed above are not routine, conventional, or well understood in the art, as the claimed steps enable the following solutions to the existing problems in conventional technologies. Further, the claimed steps clearly bring an improvement in the functioning of the device itself as the claimed steps provide a technical solution to a technical problem.
[032] Furthermore, one or more computer-readable storage media may be utilized in implementing embodiments consistent with the present disclosure. A computer-readable storage medium refers to any type of physical memory on which information or data readable by a processor may be stored. Thus, a computer-readable storage medium may store instructions for execution by one or more processors, including instructions for causing the processor(s) to perform steps or stages consistent with the embodiments described herein. The term “computer-readable medium” should be understood to include tangible items and exclude carrier waves and transient signals, i.e., be non-transitory. Examples include random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), volatile memory, non-volatile memory, hard drives, CD ROMs, DVDs, flash drives, disks, and any other known physical storage media.
[033] While the present invention has been described with respect to certain embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modification may be made without departing from the scope of the invention as defined in the following claims.

List of Reference Numerals:
10 - battery pack
20 - casing
30 - charge dissipation device
40 - active cooling device
42 - reservoir
44 - plurality of external tubes
46 - pump
62 - indicator light
64 - alarm
70 - plurality of fins
, Claims:1. A battery pack (10) comprising:
a casing (20) enclosing a plurality of battery cells;
a charge dissipation device (30) configured to rapidly discharge the plurality of battery cells;
an active cooling device (40) configured to decrease a temperature of the battery pack (10); and
a Battery Management System (BMS) configured to monitor the battery pack (10) for a potential thermal runaway condition, and if the potential thermal runaway condition exists, the BMS configured to:
estimate a state of charge (SOC) of the battery pack (10);
compare the SOC of the battery pack (10) with a predefined SOC value;
actuate the charge dissipation device (30) to rapidly discharge the plurality of battery cells, if the SOC of the battery pack (10) being greater than the predefined SOC value; and
actuate the active cooling device (40) to decrease the temperature of the battery pack (10) for preventing thermal runaway of the plurality of battery cells, if the SOC of the battery pack (10) being lesser than or equal to the predefined SOC value.

2. The battery pack (10) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the charge dissipation device (30) comprising a resistor-capacitor (RC) circuit, and wherein on actuation of the charge dissipation device (30), the plurality of battery cells being configured to establish an electrical connection with the RC circuit to rapidly discharge the plurality of battery cells for reducing SOC of the battery pack (10).

3. The battery pack (10) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the active cooling device (40) comprising:
a reservoir (42) containing a coolant, the reservoir (42) mounted to the casing (20) and externally of the casing (20);
a plurality of cooling tubes in fluid communication with the reservoir (42), the plurality of cooling tubes having: a plurality of internal tubes disposed internally of the casing (20), the coolant configured to flow through the plurality of internal tubes to absorb heat from the plurality of battery cells; and a plurality of external tubes (44) mounted to the casing (20) and externally of the casing (20) in a spaced apart manner, the coolant configured to flow through the plurality of external tubes (44) for dissipating heat to an ambient atmosphere; and
a pump (46) mounted to the casing (20) and externally of the casing (20), the pump (46) configured to displace the coolant from the reservoir (42) and circulate the coolant through the plurality of cooling tubes.

4. The battery pack (10) as claimed in claim 3, wherein on actuation of the active cooling device (40), the pump (46) configured to displace the coolant from the reservoir (42) and circulate the coolant through the plurality of cooling tubes for absorbing heat from the battery pack (10) and dissipating heat to an ambient atmosphere to decrease a temperature of the battery pack (10) for preventing thermal runaway of the plurality of battery cells.

5. The battery pack (10) as claimed in claim 3, wherein the coolant being a fire suppressant, and on actuation of the active cooling device (40) the plurality of internal tubes configured to enable the coolant to flow internally of the casing (20) for dousing fires originating between the plurality of battery cells.

6. The battery pack (10) as claimed in claim 1 comprising one or more of an indicator light (62) and an alarm (64) configured to indicate one or more of the potential thermal runaway condition of the battery pack (10), actuation of the charge dissipation device (30), and actuation of the active cooling device (40).

7. The battery pack (10) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the potential thermal runaway condition being one or more of at least an overcharging of the battery pack (10), a high rate of temperature increase of the battery pack (10), an internal short circuiting of the plurality of battery cells of the battery pack (10), and an external short circuiting of the battery pack (10).

8. The battery pack (10) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the casing (20) comprising a plurality of fins (70) disposed externally of the casing (20), the plurality of fins (70) configured to enable effective heat dissipation from the battery pack (10) to an ambient atmosphere.

9. The battery pack (10) as claimed in claims 3 and 8, wherein the plurality of external tubes (44) being interspersed between the plurality of fins (70).

10. A method (500) for preventing a thermal runaway of a plurality of battery cells of a battery pack (10), the method (500) comprising the steps of:
monitoring (504) the battery pack (10), by a Battery Management System (BMS) of the battery pack (10), for a potential thermal runaway condition; and, if the potential thermal runaway condition exists (506):
estimating (508), by the BMS, a state of charge (SOC) of the battery pack (10);
comparing (510), by the BMS, the SOC of the battery pack (10) with a predefined SOC value;
actuating (514), by the BMS, a charge dissipation device (30) of the battery pack (10) to rapidly discharge the plurality of battery cells, if the SOC of the battery pack (10) being greater than the predefined SOC value (512), for preventing the thermal runaway of the plurality of battery cells; and
actuating (516), by the BMS, an active cooling device (40) of the battery pack (10) to decrease the temperature of the battery pack (10), if the SOC of the battery pack (10) being lesser than or equal to the predefined SOC value, for preventing the thermal runaway of the plurality of battery cells.

11. The method (500) as claimed in claim 10, wherein the charge dissipation device (30) comprising a resistor-capacitor (RC) circuit, the method (500) comprising the step of establishing (524), by a switch, an electrical connection between the plurality of battery cells and the RC circuit to rapidly discharge the plurality of battery cells for reducing SOC of the battery pack (10), on actuation of the charge dissipation device (30).

12. The method (500) as claimed in claim 10, wherein the active cooling device (40) comprising a reservoir (42) containing a coolant, a pump (46), and a plurality of cooling tubes in fluid communication with the reservoir (42), the plurality of cooling tubes having a plurality of internal tubes disposed internally of the casing (20) and a plurality of external tubes (44), the reservoir (42), the plurality of external tubes (44) and the pump (46) being mounted to a casing (20) of the battery pack (10) and externally of the casing (20), the method (500) comprising the steps of displacing (526) the coolant from the reservoir (42) and circulating (528) the coolant through the plurality of cooling tubes, by the pump (46), for absorbing heat from the battery pack (10) and dissipating heat to an ambient atmosphere to decrease a temperature of the battery pack (10), on actuation of the active cooling device (40).

13. The method (500) as claimed in claim 10 comprising the step of indicating (530, 532, 534), by at least one or more of an indicator light (62) and an alarm (64) of the battery pack (10), one or more of the potential thermal runaway condition (506) of the battery pack (10), actuation (520) of the charge dissipation device (30) and actuation (522) of the active cooling device (40).