DESC: Form 2

The Patents Act,
(39 of 1970)

Complete Specification
(See Section 10 Rule 13)

“A battery protection device”

NESSA ILLUMINATION TECHNOLOGIES PVT LTD
An Indian Company Registered under the Indian Companies Act
Having address at
Plot No.36/A, Opposite Sameep Fabrics,
Devraj Industrial Park, Piplaj-Pirana Road,
Ahmedabad-382405

The following specification particularly describes the nature of the invention:
Field of Invention:
The present invention relates to a battery protection device. More particularly, the present invention relates to a battery protection device that aids the battery to revive without being connected to the mains power. It relates to a battery protection circuit that is efficient, eliminates shifting of the batteries, saves energy, requires very low maintenance, and is economical.
Background of Invention:
The lead-acid batteries are most commonly used in modern day solar light systems. Lead-acid batteries are composed of a Lead-dioxide cathode, a sponge metallic Lead anode and a Sulphuric acid solution electrolyte. The electrolyte in a typical lead-acid battery is made up of approximately 36 percent sulfuric acid and 64 percent water. The electrolyte in the lead acid batteries are required replacement time to time. Lead-acid batteries should only be run to 70% depth of discharge. Beyond that point, you risk negatively affecting their lifespan. Lead acid batteries are only 80-85% efficient depending on the model and condition means if you have 1000 watts of solar coming into the batteries there are only 800-850 watts available after the charging and discharging process.
The Lithium batteries are the future of solar lighting. The lead acid batteries have more maintenance cost then Lithium batteries, Lithium batteries provides more energy density. Lithium batteries are much more expensive up front, but they are maintenance free and have a longer lifespan to match their higher price tag. The only thing is Lithium battery requires is an internal electronic circuitry to keep safe cells from discharging or overcharging in high temperatures and current surges. Lithium batteries can handle deep discharge of 90-95% or more. This essentially means they feature a higher usable capacity. while Lithium batteries are more than 95% efficient means you would have over 950 watts of power available. In short Lithium batteries have longer lifetime, higher efficiency and higher energy density.
Lithium ion batteries are currently being used in solar powered systems and devices. The lithium ion battery is charged by a solar panel through a solar charge controller; wherein the solar charge controller charges the battery in presence of sun light and cuts off the charging once the battery is fully charged; thereby saving the battery from over charging. In solar charge controller all controlling function like light automatic on-off based on day and nighttime, battery charging, and other function are based on battery voltage value. If the battery voltage is low, the solar charge controller charges the battery through the solar panel and cuts off the charging once the battery is fully charged. When the battery voltage drops below 10 V the solar charge controller disconnects the load from the battery.
However, a very common and biggest issue of Li-ion/LiFePo4 is zero voltage issue. Wherein, when the battery discharges to low voltage up to the battery cut off voltage, the PCM (protection circuit module) makes battery at zero volts and with that solar charge controller stops all functions. As solar power is not available throughout the day, if the battery reaches the zero-voltage condition at the evening or night time, it is impossible to charge it till morning. This results into deep discharge of the battery as even if the battery is idle stage the charge of the battery drops gradually. The Lithium ion battery then cannot be charged through the solar charge controller as it detects the voltage of the battery as zero voltage and fails to turn on the charging solar panel. Therefore, the lithium ion battery needs to be disconnected from the system or device and has to be charged through the mains with very high voltage and current to revive the charge in the battery. This makes the task tedious as the battery has to be lifted and transported to the mains supply every time it falls to the zero-voltage level. More energy is required to charge the battery, also frequent deep discharge results into the shortening the lifespan of the battery.

While mass production mismatch of cutoff voltage in battery cells or deep discharge of battery, the battery discharged once will not charge automatically when solar power available through the solar charge controller. In some rural areas mains power is not available round the day, it is difficult to charge battery also it’s very difficult to transport the battery. Charging through the solar charge controller only be turned on after battery reaches above zero voltage if we give some external source to battery terminals which includes high maintenance, time and money.

Prior Art and its Disadvantages:
A US patent number US8637184B2 discloses a battery includes a positive electrode having a first active material on a positive substrate. The first active material includes LiNixCo1-x-yMyO2 wherein M is chosen from the group consisting of Mn, Al, Mg, B, Ti, and Li, and wherein 0.5?x?1 and 0?y?0.3. The battery also includes a negative electrode having a second active material on a negative substrate. The second active material includes carbon. The negative electrode is susceptible to damage when a voltage exceeding a Damage Potential Threshold (DPT) is applied to the negative electrode. The DPT is lower than the maximum positive operating potential of the battery. The positive and negative electrodes define a Zero Volt Crossing Potential (ZCP) relative to a reference level when the voltage between the positive electrode and the negative electrode is zero. The positive electrode and the negative electrode are configured such that the value of the ZCP is less than the value of the DPT at a predetermined temperature.
Here some material is used for separation between two terminals.
However, Rechargeable lithium battery for tolerating discharge to zero volts fails to provide a battery protection device that aids the battery to revive without being connected to the mains power, as the invention provides a modified battery that has extended charging that can work for a longer period of time. In this invention here some material inside battery and battery with bigger backup is used so that it will work for a long time but here if battery will be zero if deep discharge condition occurs, and here we have to charge externally and in battery no any protection provided from zero volt to up to start charging voltage.
A US patent number US5177426A discloses An over-discharge protection circuit included in a charge circuit in a portable apparatus having a portable portion and a body, the portable portion and body being interconnected by two charging terminals of the body and two terminals of the portable portion when the portable portion is placed on the body, the over-discharge protection circuit comprising: a first resistor connected across a battery charger for detecting a discharge current when a power source of the battery charger is accidentally turned OFF during a charge of the battery; a switching circuit connected between a load and a battery for disconnecting the load and battery when the power source of the battery charger is accidentally turned OFF during a charge of the battery; a switch control circuit connected to the switching circuit through a third resistor for turning the switching circuit ON/OFF; a second resistor connected between the switching circuit and the switch control circuit for controlling a flow of a charge current to the switch control circuit; and a diode connected between the switch control circuit and the first resistor for allowing a flow of the discharge current to the first resistor when the power source of the battery charger is accidentally turned OFF during a charge of the battery.
However the above circuit provides a switching circuit connected between a load and a battery for disconnecting the load and battery when the power source of the battery charger is accidentally turned OFF during a charge of the battery; wherein it disconnects the load when power source of the battery charger goes OFF. It fails to provide a battery protection device that aids in reviving the battery which is in zero voltage condition without being connected to the mains power. It works similar to the solar charge controller by cutting off the load. It does not charge the battery immediately once it detects low voltage; hence the battery voltage drops gradually with time and goes into zero voltage condition. This circuit fails to work in solar charging systems as the circuit would not be able to detect zero potential of the battery and revive it from the deep discharge condition.

Disadvantages of Prior art:
Said prior art suffers from at least all or any of the following disadvantages:
• Many of the prior arts fail to provide a battery protection device.
• Many of the prior arts fail to provide a battery protection device that aids the battery to revive from deep discharge without being connected to the mains power.
• Many of the prior arts have the PCM (protection circuit module) makes battery at zero volts and with that solar charge controller stops all functions.
• Most of the prior arts cut off the load in case of low voltage. As solar power is not available throughout the day, if the battery reaches the zero-voltage condition at the evening or night time, it is impossible to charge it till morning. This results into deep discharge of the battery as even if the battery is idle stage the charge of the battery drops gradually.
• Most of the prior arts fail to work with solar charge controllers as the Lithium ion battery then cannot be charged through the solar charge controller as it detects the voltage of the battery as zero voltage and fails to turn on the charging solar panel.
• In most of the prior arts battery needs to be disconnected from the system or device and has to be charged through the mains with very high voltage and current to revive the charge in the battery. This makes the task tedious as the battery has to be lifted and transported to the mains supply every time it falls to the zero-voltage level. More energy is required to charge the battery, also frequent deep discharge results into the shortening the lifespan of the battery.
• In many of the prior arts charging through the solar charge controller only be turned on after battery reaches above zero voltage if we give some external source to battery terminals which includes high maintenance, time and money.
Thus, there is an unmet urge to provide a battery protection device that aids the battery to revive without being connected to the mains power. It relates to a battery protection circuit that is efficient, eliminates shifting of the batteries, saves energy, requires very low maintenance, and is economical.
Objects of Invention:
The primary object of the present invention is to provide a battery protection device.
Another object of the invention is to provide a battery protection device that aids the battery to revive from deep discharge without being connected to the mains power.
Yet another object of the invention is to provide a battery protection device works when the PCM (protection circuit module) makes battery at zero volts and with that solar charge controller stops all functions.
Yet another object of the invention is to provide a battery protection device that works efficiently with solar chargeable systems to turn on the solar panels even at zero voltage.
Yet another object of the invention is to provide a battery protection device that eliminates the need of disconnecting the battery from the system or device for charging in case of zero voltage.
Yet another object of the invention is to provide a battery protection device that eliminates the need of transportation of the battery; thereby eliminating the transportation cost.
Yet another object of the invention is to provide a battery protection device that works efficiently in rural areas where electricity is not available round the clock.
Yet another object of the invention is to provide a battery protection device that utilizes the installed solar charging system; eliminating the installation cost.
Yet another object of the invention is to provide a battery protection device that maintains the good lifespan of the battery.
Yet another object of the invention is to provide a battery protection device that has low maintenance, saves time and economically cheaper.
Summary of the Invention:
The present invention provides a battery protection device that aids the battery to revive without being connected to the mains power. The battery protection device works when battery becomes zero and automatically connects the battery and panel for 8 to 10 seconds and battery gets panel voltage.
The present invention comprises of:
• Sensing Means
o Reverse Protection Means
• Comparison Means
o Processing Means
o Controlling Means
• Switching Means
o Protection Means & Supply Means
Said Sensing means are of two types for detecting the voltage of battery and voltage of panel, this includes reverse protection means. Comparison means compares the voltage of panel and battery. This includes processing means and controlling means. While Switching means used to connect directly panel voltage to battery voltage. This includes protection means & supply means.
Brief Description of drawings:
Fig. 1: Shows the block diagram of present battery protection device (P)
Brief Description of Invention:
The present invention provides a battery protection device (P) that aids the battery to revive from the zero-voltage condition without being connected to the mains power. It provides battery protection circuit that is efficient, eliminates shifting and transportation of the batteries for charging at high voltage and current, thereby saves energy. The present invention provides a battery protection device (P) that requires very low maintenance and is economical cheaper.
Referring to Fig. 1 the present battery protection device comprises of:
• Plurality of sensing means (SM)
o Reverse Protection Means (RVM)
• Comparison means(CMP)
o Processing Means (PM)
o Controlling Means (CM)
• Switching means (SW)
o Supply and Protection Means (SPM)
Wherein the present invention utilizes existing:
• A Battery (B);
• A Solar Charge Controller (SLR); and
• A Solar Panel (SLR);
Said present battery protection (P) device is connected between the battery (B) and solar panel (SLR); which is in parallel to the solar charge controller (SCC).
Two sensing means are connected; one to the battery (B) and other to the solar panel (SLR), wherein said sensing means (SM) continuously detects the voltage of the battery (B) and second sensing means (SM) senses the voltage of the solar panel (SLR). the sensing means (SM) is a voltage detector sensor that senses the voltage of the battery (B) and the solar panel (SLR). Sensing means (SM) also includes Reverse Protection means (RPM) which is connected to the sensing means (SM) protects the direct connection of the sensing means (SM) with Comparison Means (CMP).
Said sensing means (SM) is connected to the comparison means (CMP) through the Reverse Protection means (RPM) and provides the sensed voltage from the sensing means (SM) as input to the Comparison means (CMP).
Said Comparison means (CMP) has a processing means (PM) and the controlling means (CM). The sensing means (SM) is in turn connected to the processing means (PM) and the processing means is connected to the controlling means (CM). The processing means (PM) processes the input received from the sensing means (SM); wherein it compares the input received from the sensing means (SM) with a pre-fed threshold voltage; which is fed as zero volts. The comparison means (CM) is comparator, processor, microcontroller or alike. This processed input is further provided to the controlling means (CM). the controlling means (CM) is connected to the switching means (SW); wherein it actuates the switching means (SW) if the processed input is received as zero.
Said switching means (SM) is a MOSFET, Relay or alike. The switching means (SM) is actuated and it connects the solar panel (SLR) directly to the battery. Thus, it disconnects the solar charge controller (SCC) for 8 to 10 seconds. Said Supply and protection means (SPM) supplies the voltage of panel to battery and as battery gets the panel voltage it automatically disconnects the path between Panel to Battery that facilitates all functions work normally through Charge Controller. Thus, the solar panel directly charges the battery (B). Thereby the device (P) aids the battery to revive from the zero-voltage condition without being connected to the mains power. Eliminates shifting and transportation of the batteries for charging at high voltage and current, thereby saves energy and the transportation cost. The battery protection device (P) is a simple and effective device that requires very low maintenance and is economical cheaper.
The battery (B) gains voltage above the threshold voltage; the sensing means (SM) again provides the input to the Comparison means (CMP); wherein the Processing means (PM) inside the Comparison means (CMP) compares the input received with the threshold voltage and provides it to the controlling means (CM); wherein the controlling means (CM) actuates the switching means (SM). The switching means (SM) is turned off by the controlling means (CM) as the battery voltage is greater than the zero voltage and the solar charge controller is again connected to the battery and the solar panel (SLR).
WORKING OF THE INVENTION
The battery protection device (P) protects the battery (B) from discharging to zero volts and revives the battery without the use of the main power supply. The present invention works as follows:
I. The battery protection device (P) is connected parallel to the solar charge controller (SCC) between the battery (B) and the (Solar panel (SLR) and it is always in ON condition and gets the power from panel.
II. The sensing means (SM) continuously detects the voltage of the battery (B) and provides the sensed voltage to the comparison means (CMP).
III. The processing means (PM) inside the comparison means (CMP) compares the sensed voltage to a pre-set voltage, which is set as zero volts. The processing means (PM) provides the processed input to the controlling means (CM).
IV. CASE I: Non zero voltage detected
If the processed input of the processing means (PM) is a non-zero value, the controlling means (CM) does not take any action and the sensing means (SM) is instructed to continue sensing the voltage of the battery (B).
V. CASE: II Detection of zero voltage
IF the processing means (PM) processes the input voltage and the input voltage is detected as zero then the controlling means (CM) actuates the switching means (SW) ON.
The switching means (SM) is turned ON and it connects the solar panel (SLR) directly to the battery. Thus, it disconnects the solar charge controller (SCC) for 8 to 10 seconds. Supply and protection means (SPM) will supply the voltage of panel to battery and as battery gets the panel voltage it will automatically disconnect the path between Panel to Battery. Thus, the solar panel directly charges the battery (B). Thereby the device (P) aids the battery to revive from the zero-voltage condition without being connected to the mains power. Eliminates shifting and transportation of the batteries for charging at high voltage and current, thereby saves energy and the transportation cost. The battery protection device (P) is a simple and effective device that requires very low maintenance and is economical cheaper.
VI. CASE III: Voltage of the battery reaches the threshold voltage
The battery (B) gains voltage the threshold voltage on directly charging by the solar panel (SLR); the sensing means (SM) again provides the input to the Comparison means (CMP); wherein the Processing means (PM) inside the Comparison means (CMP) compares the input received with the threshold voltage and provides it to the controlling means (CM).
Said controlling means (CM) actuates the switching means (SM). The switching means (SM) is turned OFF by the controlling means (CM) as the battery voltage is greater than the zero voltage and the solar charge controller (SCC) is again connected to the battery (B) and the solar panel (SLR).
Illustration 1:
The present invention was tested several times and table 1 shows the test data. Table 1 shows the time required for a battery to recover from zero voltage to the threshold voltage and it is not more than 12 seconds.
No. of circuitry Time from 0V to battery initial Volt 0V to Battery Initial Volt Time that panel require to start charging through controller
Circuit 1 10 sec. 12.16V 10 sec.
Circuit 2 8 sec. 12.18V 8 sec.
Circuit 3 8 sec. 12.15V 8 Sec.
Table 1
Advantages of Present Invention:
The present invention provides a battery protection device that aids the battery to revive from zero voltage without being connected to the mains power.
The battery protection device works when the PCM (protection circuit module) makes battery at zero volts and with that solar charge controller stops all functions. That is it functions on sensing zero voltage.
It works efficiently with solar chargeable systems to turn on the solar panels even at zero voltage.
It eliminates the need of disconnecting the battery from the system or device for charging in case of zero voltage.
It eliminates the need of transportation of the battery; thereby eliminating the transportation cost.
The battery protection device works efficiently in rural areas where electricity is not available round the clock.
The battery protection device that utilizes the installed solar charging system; eliminating the installation cost.
It helps in maintaining good lifespan of the battery.
The device has low maintenance, saves time and economically cheaper.
,CLAIMS:We Claim:
1. A battery protection device (P) for reviving a battery from zero voltage without connecting the battery to the mains power, wherein the present invention utilizes existing:
• A Battery (B);
• A Solar Charge Controller (SCC); and
• A Solar Panel (SLR);
said present battery protection (P) device is connected between the battery (B) and the solar panel (SLR); which is in parallel to the solar charge controller (SCC);
characterized in that, the present invention comprises of:
• Plurality of sensing means (SM);
o A Reverse Protection Means (RVM);
• A Comparison means (CMP); and
• A Switching means (SW);
o A Supply and Protection Means (SPM);
Plurality sensing means (SM) are connected, one to the battery (B) and other to the solar panel (SLR), wherein said sensing means (SM) are configured to continuously detect the voltage of the battery (B) and the voltage of the solar panel (SLR);
said sensing means (SM) is connected to the comparison means (CMP) through the Reverse Protection means (RPM) and provides the sensed voltage from the sensing means (SM) as input to the Comparison means (CMP); wherein the Reverse Protection means (RPM) protects the direct connection of the sensing means (SM) with Comparison Means (CMP);
said Comparison means (CMP) has a processing means (PM) and the controlling means (CM); said sensing means (SM) is connected to the processing means (PM) for processing the input received from the sensing means (SM); wherein it is configured to compare the input received from the sensing means (SM) with a pre-fed threshold voltage, wherein the pre-fed voltage is zero; and the processing means is in turn connected to the controlling means (CM) to provide the processed input;
said controlling means (CM) is connected to the switching means (SW); wherein it is configured to actuate the switching means (SW) ON on receiving the processed input is received as zero, where it connects the solar panel (SLR) directly to the battery (B) disconnecting the solar charge controller (SCC); and turns OFF on threshold voltage above zero, reconnecting the solar charge controller (SCC) to the battery (B).
2. The battery protection device (P) as claimed in claim 1, wherein said switching means (SM) is actuated ON for 8 to 10 seconds.
Dated this 4th day of August 2020.
Gopi J. Trivedi (Ms)
IN/PA 993
Authorized Agent of Applicant

To,
The Controller of Patents,
The Patent Office,
At Mumbai.