Claims:WE CLAIM:
1. A biocidal binder emulsion for use in a paint composition, said binder emulsion comprising:
a) a polymer in an amount in the range of 40 to 60 wt% of the total amount of the biocidal binder emulsion;
b) a fatty acid amide in an amount in the range of 2 to 5 wt% of the total amount of the biocidal binder emulsion;
c) an encapsulated biocide in an amount in the range of 1 to 5 wt% of the total amount of the biocidal binder emulsion;
d) an additive in an amount in the range of 0.01% to 2 wt% of the total amount of the biocidal binder emulsion; and
e) qs water.
2. The biocidal binder emulsion as claimed in claim 1 comprising:
a) a polymer in an amount of 50 wt% of the total amount of the biocidal binder emulsion;
b) a fatty acid amide in an amount 3 wt% of the total amount of the biocidal binder emulsion
c) an encapsulated biocide in an amount 2 wt% of the total amount of the biocidal binder emulsion;
d) an additive in an amount of 1 wt% of the total amount of the biocidal binder emulsion; and
e) qs water.
3. The biocidal binder emulsion as claimed in claim 1, wherein the polymer is derived from at least one monomer selected from the group consisting of methyl methacrylate, butyl acrylate, hydroxyl ethyl methacrylate, 2-ethyl hexyl acrylate.
4. The biocidal binder emulsion as claimed in claim 1, wherein the biocide is diuron.
5. The biocidal binder emulsion as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fatty acid amide is selected from the group consisting of soybean oil fatty acid amide, safflower oil fatty acid amide, cottonseed oil fatty acid amide, palm oil fatty acid amide, coconut oil fatty acid amide and corn oil fatty acid amide.
6. The biocidal binder emulsion as claimed in claim 5, wherein the fatty acid amide is dimethyl amide based fatty acid.
7. The biocidal binder emulsion as claimed in claim 1, wherein the additive is at least one selected from the group consisting of a preservative and a neutralizing agent.
8. The biocidal binder emulsion as claimed in claim 7, wherein the preservative is at least one selected from 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, benzisothiazolinone, and octylisothiazolinone (OIT) solution.
9. The biocidal binder emulsion as claimed in claim 8, wherein the preservative is octylisothiazolinone (OIT) solution.
10. The biocidal binder emulsion as claimed in claim 7, wherein the neutralizing agent is at least one selected from liquor ammonia, ethanolamine, triethylamine, and 2-amino-1-propanol.
11. The biocidal binder emulsion as claimed in claim 10, wherein the neutralizing agent is ammonia.
12. The biocidal binder emulsion as claimed in claim 1 comprises at least one surfactant in an amount in the range of 0.02 to 3.0 wt% of the total amount of the biocidal binder emulsion.
13. The biocidal binder emulsion as claimed in claim 12, wherein the surfactant is selected from the group consisting of alkyl diphenyloxide disulfonate compounds, alkyl aryl diphenyl sulphonate, sodium dodecylbenzenesulphonate, fatty alcohol ether sulphate, alkyl aryl ether sulphate, sodium lauryl sulphate, alkyl phenol ethoxylate, nonionic alcohol ethoxylate, secondary alcohol ethoxylate compound and mixtures thereof.
14. The biocidal binder emulsion as claimed in claim 12, wherein the amount of surfactant is 2 wt% of the total amount of the biocidal binder emulsion.
15. The biocidal binder emulsion as claimed in claim 13, wherein the surfactant is a combination of alkyl diphenyloxide disulfonate compounds and nonionic alcohol ethoxylate.
16. A process for preparing the biocidal binder emulsion, the process comprising the following steps:
(i) mixing at least one surfactant, at least one initiator to obtain a mixture;
(ii) adding at least one monomer to the mixture to obtain a monomer solution;
(iii) separately, solubilizing a biocide in a fatty acid amide to obtain a biocide solution;
(iv) adding the biocide solution to the monomer solution under stirring to obtain a pre-emulsion;
(v) separately charging a reactor with a surfactant and water, followed by heating at a temperature in the range of 70 to 90 °C to obtain a surfactant solution;
(vi) adding the pre-emulsion obtained in step (iv) to the surfactant solution obtained in step (v) while maintaining the temperature in the range of 70 °C to 90 °C, over a time period in the range of 200 to 300 minutes to obtain a reaction mixture;
(vii) digesting the reaction mixture for a time period in the range of 40 to 80 minutes to obtain a product mixture; and
(viii) adding at least one additive to the product mixture at a temperature in the range of 45 °C to 55 °C to obtain the biocidal binder emulsion.
17. The process as claimed in claim 16, wherein the biocide is diuron.
18. The process as claimed in claim 16, wherein the monomer is selected from the group consisting of methyl methacrylate, butyl acrylate, hydroxyl ethyl methacrylate, and 2-ethyl hexyl acrylate.
19. The process as claimed in claim 16, wherein the surfactant is selected from the group consisting of alkyl diphenyloxide disulfonate compounds, alkyl aryl diphenyl sulphonate, sodium dodecylbenzenesulphonate, fatty alcohol ether sulphate, alkyl aryl ether sulphate, sodium lauryl sulphate, alkyl phenol ethoxylate, nonionic alcohol ethoxylate, secondary alcohol ethoxylate compound and mixtures thereof.
20. The process as claimed in claim 16, wherein the initiator is selected from potassium persulphate and ammonium persulphate.
21. The process as claimed in claim 16, wherein the additive is at least one selected from the group consisting of a preservative and a neutralizing agent.
22. The biocidal binder emulsion as claimed in claim 21, wherein the preservative is at least one selected from 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, benzisothiazolinone, and octylisothiazolinone (OIT) solution.
23. The biocidal binder emulsion as claimed in claim 21, wherein the neutralizing agent is at least one selected from liquor ammonia, ethanolamine, triethylamine, and 2-amino-1-propanol.
24. The process as claimed in claim 16, wherein the process comprises a step of filtering the biocidal binder emulsion for removal of insoluble compounds.
25. A paint composition comprising the biocidal binder emulsion as claimed in claim
, Description:FIELD
The present disclosure relates to a biocidal binder emulsion and a process for preparation thereof.
BACKGROUND
The background information herein below relates to the present disclosure but is not necessarily prior art.
Biocides are chemical compounds, which are toxic to microbial cells and are added to different types of products, such as binder compositions to prevent the growth of unwanted micro-organisms. However, the biocidal activity of such products containing the biocides reduces with time. Reduction in the biocidal activity is mostly attributed to the factors such as chemical degradation of the biocide, and fast dissipation of the biocide from the application site.
The biocidal activity of such products can be improved, if these biocides are retained in the product/application site for a longer period. This extended duration of biocidal activity can be achieved by incorporating biocide in a Controlled Release (CR) form such as encapsulation. Conventionally, different processes are used to encapsulate biocide such as radical polymerization, solvent evaporation, coacervation method, and emulsion polymerization. However, the encapsulation of the biocides is associated with certain challenges such as low solubility of the biocide in a monomer, which leads to the precipitation of the biocide during polymerization. Further, the encapsulated biocide obtained by conventional methods have uneven particle shape or high particle size.
There is, therefore, felt a need for an alternative binder composition comprising biocide in an encapsulated form and a method for encapsulation of the biocide that mitigates the drawbacks mentioned hereinabove.
OBJECTS
Some of the objects of the present disclosure, which at least one embodiment herein satisfies, are as follows:
It is an object of the present disclosure to ameliorate one or more problems of the prior art or to at least provide a useful alternative.
An object of the present disclosure is to provide a biocidal binder emulsion.
Another object of the present disclosure is to provide a process for preparing a biocidal binder emulsion.
Yet another object of the present disclosure is to provide a process for encapsulating a biocide using emulsion polymerization.
Still another object of the present disclosure is to provide a paint composition comprising biocidal binder emulsion.
Other objects and advantages of the present disclosure will be more apparent from the following description, which is not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure.
SUMMARY
The present disclosure provides a biocidal binder emulsion. The biocidal binder emulsion comprises a polymer in an amount in the range of 40 to 60 wt% of the total amount of the binder emulsion; a fatty acid amide in an amount in the range of 2 to 5 wt% of the total amount of the binder emulsion; an encapsulated biocide in an amount in the range of 1 to 5 wt% of the total amount of the binder emulsion; an additive in an amount in the range of 0.01% to 2 wt% of the total amount of the binder emulsion and qs water.
The present disclosure further provides a process for preparation of the biocidal binder emulsion. The process for preparing the biocidal binder emulsion comprise mixing at least one surfactant, at least one initiator to obtain a mixture. At least one monomer is added to the mixture to obtain a monomer solution. Separately, a biocide is solubilized in a fatty acid amide to obtain a biocide solution. The biocide solution is then added to the monomer solution under stirring to obtain a pre-emulsion. Separately, a reactor is charged with a surfactant and water. The reactor is heated to a temperature in the range of 70 to 90 °C to obtain a surfactant solution. The so obtained pre-emulsion is added to the surfactant solution in the reactor, while maintaining the in the range of 70 °C to 90 °C, over a time period in the range of 200 to 300 minutes to obtain a reaction mixture. The reaction mixture is digested for a time period in the range of 40 to 80 minutes to obtain a product mixture. At least one additive is added to the product mixture to obtain the biocidal binder emulsion. The biocidal binder emulsion is finally filtered and can be used directly without further treatment.
The present disclosure also provides a coating composition comprising the biocidal binder emulsion.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE ACCOMPANYING DRAWING
The present disclosure will now be described with the help of the accompanying drawing, in which:
Figure 1 illustrates Raman spectroscopy of the biocidal binder emulsion of the present disclosure;
Figure 2 illustrates SEM images of the biocidal binder emulsion of the present disclosure; and
Figure 3 illustrates TEM images of the biocidal binder emulsion of the present disclosure.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
Embodiments, of the present disclosure, will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Embodiments are provided so as to thoroughly and fully convey the scope of the present disclosure to the person skilled in the art. Numerous details, are set forth, relating to specific components, and methods, to provide a complete understanding of embodiments of the present disclosure. It will be apparent to the person skilled in the art that the details provided in the embodiments should not be construed to limit the scope of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, well-known processes, well-known apparatus structures, and well-known techniques are not described in detail.
The terminology used, in the present disclosure, is only for the purpose of explaining a particular embodiment and such terminology shall not be considered to limit the scope of the present disclosure. As used in the present disclosure, the forms "a,” "an," and "the" may be intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly suggests otherwise. The terms "comprises," "comprising," “including,” and “having,” are open ended transitional phrases and therefore specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, modules, units and/or components, but do not forbid the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof. The particular order of steps disclosed in the method and process of the present disclosure is not to be construed as necessarily requiring their performance as described or illustrated. It is also to be understood that additional or alternative steps may be employed.
The terms first, second, third, etc., should not be construed to limit the scope of the present disclosure as the aforementioned terms may be only used to distinguish one element, component, region, layer or section from another component, region, layer or section. Terms such as first, second, third etc., when used herein do not imply a specific sequence or order unless clearly suggested by the present disclosure.
Biocides are added to different types of products to prevent the growth of unwanted micro-organisms. However, the biocidal activity of such products containing the biocides reduces with time. The biocidal activity of such products can be improved, if these biocides are retained in the product/application site for a longer period. Conventionally, different processes are used to encapsulate biocide such as radical polymerization, solvent evaporation, coacervation method, and emulsion polymerization. However, encapsulation of the biocides is associated with certain challenges such as low solubility of the biocide in a monomer leading to the precipitation of the biocide during polymerization. Further, the encapsulated biocide obtained by the conventional processes have uneven particle shape or large particle size.
In a first aspect, the present disclosure provides a biocidal binder emulsion for use in a paint composition.
The binder emulsion comprises a polymer in an amount in the range of 40 to 60 wt% of the total amount of the biocidal binder emulsion; a fatty acid amide in an amount in the range of 2 to 5 wt% of the total amount of the biocidal binder emulsion; an encapsulated biocide in an amount in the range of 1 to 5 wt% of the total amount of the biocidal binder emulsion; and an additive in an amount in the range of 0.01% to 2 wt% of the total amount of the biocidal binder emulsion and qs water. The biocidal binder emulsion further comprises a surfactant in an amount in the range of 0.02% to 3.0 wt% of the total amount of the biocidal binder emulsion.
In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the biocidal binder emulsion comprises a polymer in an amount of 50 wt% of the total amount of the biocidal binder emulsion; a fatty acid amide in an amount 3 wt% of the total amount of the biocidal binder emulsion; an encapsulated biocide in an amount 2 wt% of the total amount of the biocidal binder emulsion; an additive in an amount of 1 wt% of the total amount of the biocidal binder emulsion; and qs water.
The polymer is derived from at least one monomer selected from the group consisting of methyl methacrylate, methyl acrylate, n-butyl methacrylate, 2-ethyl hexyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, hydroxyl ethyl methacrylate.
The biocide is diuron.
The fatty acid amide is selected from the group consisting of soybean oil fatty acid amide, safflower oil fatty acid amide, cottonseed oil fatty acid amide, palm oil fatty acid amide, coconut oil fatty acid amide and corn oil fatty acid amide. In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the fatty acid amide is dimethyl amide based fatty acid.
In accordance with the present disclosure, the fatty acid amide is present in an amount in the range of 2 to 5 wt% of the total amount of the biocidal binder emulsion. In an embodiment, the amount of fatty acid amide is 3wt% of the total amount of the biocidal binder emulsion. Less than 2 wt% of fatty acid will result in precipitation of the biocide during the polymerization process. Further, more than 5 wt% of the fatty acid in the composition is not suitable for the paint composition.
The surfactant is present in an amount in the range of 0.02 to 3.0 wt% of the total amount of the binder emulsion. The surfactant is selected from the group consisting of alkyl diphenyloxide disulfonate compounds, alkyl aryl diphenyl sulphonate, sodium dodecylbenzenesulphonate, fatty alcohol ether sulphate, alkyl aryl ether sulphate, sodium lauryl sulphate, alkyl phenol ethoxylate, nonionic alcohol ethoxylate, secondary alcohol ethoxylate compound and mixtures thereof.
In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the surfactant is a combination of alkyl diphenyloxide disulfonate compounds and nonionic alcohol ethoxylate and the amount of the surfactant is 2 wt% of the total amount of the biocidal binder emulsion.
The additive is at least one selected from the group consisting of a preservative and a neutralizing agent.
The preservative is at least one selected from 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, benzisothiazolinone, and Octylisothiazolinone (OIT) solution.
In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the preservative is Octylisothiazolinone (OIT) solution.
The neutralizing agent is at least one selected from liquor ammonia, ethanolamine, 2-amino-propanol, and triethylamine.
In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the neutralizing agent is liquor ammonia.
In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a process for preparing a biocidal binder emulsion. The process is described in detail herein below:
A reactor is equipped with a mechanical stirrer, reflux condenser, and thermometer. The reactor is charged with at least one surfactant and de-mineralized water and the reactor is heated at a temperature in the range of 70 to 90°C to obtain a surfactant solution.
In a separate flask, de-mineralized water, a surfactant and an initiator are mixed to obtain a mixture. At least one monomer is added to the mixture to obtain a monomer solution. Separately, a biocide is solubilized in a fatty acid amide to obtain a biocide solution.
The so obtained biocide solution is added to the monomer solution under stirring to obtain a pre-emulsion. In an embodiment, the pre-emulsion is milky white.
A pre-determined quantity of the pre-emulsion is added to the reactor containing the surfactant solution at a temperature in the range of 70 to 90°C as a seed; followed by the addition of an aqueous solution of a buffer. In an embodiment, the buffer is an aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate. In another embodiment, the buffer is an aqueous solution of potassium bicarbonate.
The remaining quantity of the pre-emulsion is then added drop-wise to the reactor over a time period in the range of 200 to 300 minutes, while maintaining the temperature in the range of 70 to 90°C to obtain a reaction mixture.
The reaction mixture is digested for a time period in the range of 40 min to 80 minutes to obtain a product mixture.
The so obtained product mixture is cooled and at least one additive is added to the cooled product mixture to obtain a biocidal binder emulsion. The biocidal binder emulsion is filtered through nylon cloth and directly used for further use.
In accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure, the additive is at least one selected from a preservative and a neutralizing agent.
In accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the additive is the neutralizing agent. Preferably, the neutralizing agent is ammonia.
In accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure, the biocidal binder emulsion is applied directly on the substrate.
In accordance with another embodiment of the present disclosure, the biocidal binder emulsion is mixed with the paint composition/ the coating composition for further application on the substrate.
The present disclosure provides a paint composition comprising a biocidal binder emulsion.
In accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure, the biocidal binder emulsion is mixed with a coating composition to obtain a paint composition with anti-algal activity.
The foregoing description of the embodiments has been provided for purposes of illustration and not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure. Individual components of a particular embodiment are generally not limited to that particular embodiment, but, are interchangeable. Such variations are not to be regarded as a departure from the present disclosure, and all such modifications are considered to be within the scope of the present disclosure.
The present disclosure is further described in light of the following experiments which are set forth for illustration purpose only and not to be construed for limiting the scope of the disclosure. The following experiments can be scaled up to industrial/commercial scale and the results obtained can be extrapolated to industrial scale.
EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS
Experiment 1: Preparation of the biocidal binder emulsion
Example 1: Preparation of the biocidal binder emulsion of the present disclosure (Sample 1)
A reactor equipped with a mechanical stirrer, reflux condenser, and thermometer was charged with Dowfax 2A1 (alkyl diphenyloxide disulfonate) & Atpol 5731/70N (surfactants) and de-mineralized water and the assembly was heated to 80°C to obtain a surfactant solution.
In a separate flask, de-mineralized water, Dowfax 2A1 & Atpol 5731/70N surfactants and potassium persulphate (initiator) were mixed to obtain a mixture. Methyl methacrylate, butyl acrylate, hydroxy ethyl methacrylate were added to the mixture to obtain a monomer solution. Separately, 2.6 g DIURON was solubilized in 4.5 g fatty amide solvent to obtain a biocide solution. The so obtained biocide solution was added to the flask containing the monomer solution to form a milky-white pre-emulsion.
5% of the total amount of the pre-emulsion was added to the reactor containing the first mixture at 80 ± 2° C as a seed; followed by addition of an aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate as a buffer. Then remaining quantity of pre-emulsion was added to the reactor drop wise over 240 minutes, while maintaining the temperature in the range of 80 ± 2° C to obtain a reaction mixture. The reaction mixture was digested for 60 minutes to obtain a product mixture.
The so obtained product mixture was cooled and neutralized using ammonia to obtain the biocidal binder emulsion. The biocidal binder emulsion was filtered through nylon cloth and directly used for further study.
Example 2: Preparation of the biocidal binder emulsion (Reference sample 2)
Same experimental procedure was followed as disclosed in Experiment 1, except the addition of biocide (diuron). Diuron was added in a solid form.
Example 3: Preparation of the biocidal binder emulsion (Reference sample 3)
Same experimental procedure was followed as disclosed in Experiment 1, except concentration of biocide.
2.7 gm of diuron was dissolved in 3.2 gm of fatty acid amide to obtain a solution. Rest of the procedure was followed as disclosed in example 1.
Example 4: Preparation of the biocidal binder emulsion (Reference sample 4)
Same experimental procedure was followed as disclosed in Experiment 1, except the concentration of fatty acid amide.
2.5 gm of diuron was dissolved in 5 gm of fatty acid amide to obtain a solution. Rest of the procedure was followed as disclosed in example 1.
Example 5: Preparation of the biocidal binder emulsion (Reference sample 5)
Same experimental procedure was followed as disclosed in Experiment 1, except the concentration of biocide and fatty acid amide.
2.6 gm of diuron was dissolved in 8 gm of fatty acid amide to obtain a solution. Rest of the procedure was followed as disclosed in example 1.
Example 6: Preparation of the biocidal binder emulsion (Reference sample 6)
Same experimental procedure was followed as disclosed in Experiment 1, except concentration of biocide.
2.6 gm of diuron was dissolved in 4.5 gm of fatty acid amide to obtain a solution. Rest of the procedure was followed as disclosed in example 1.
Example 7: Preparation of the biocidal binder emulsion (Reference sample 7)
Same experimental procedure was followed as disclosed in Experiment 1 except the use of combination of two preservatives. One of the preservatives selected was Octylisothiazolinone (OIT) solution, M/s. Clariant. 0.6 gms of OIT solution was added along with 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, before neutralization. The analysis of physical parameters of the biocidal binder emulsions obtained in examples are given in table 1 below:
Table 1: Physical parameters
Properties Emulsion without Diuron
(Ex. 2) Emulsion with Diuron
(Ex. 1) Emulsion with Diuron
(Ex. 3) Emulsion with Diuron
(Ex. 4) Emulsion with Diuron
(Ex. 5) Emulsion with Diuron
(Ex. 6) Emulsion with diuron & OIT
(Ex. 7)
Appearance Bluish white free flowing liquid Milky white free flowing liquid Milky white free flowing liquid Milky white free flowing liquid Milky white free flowing liquid Milky white free flowing liquid Milky white free flowing liquid
% NVM @ 120°C for 1hr 50 48 49 47 50 48 48
pH 9.1 9.3 9.4 9.3 9.5 9.5 9.4
Dry film properties : tack Tack free Tack free Tack free Tack free Slightly tacky Tack free Tack free
bits No bits No bits No bits No bits No bits No bits No bits
clarity Clear Clear Clear Clear Clear Clear Clear
Water dip test (Water resistance of emulsion film after 24Hrs) Passes, no detachment after 4 hrs Passes & comparable, no detachment after 4 hrs Passes & comparable, no detachment after 4 hrs Passes & comparable, no detachment after 4 hrs Passes & comparable, no detachment after 4 hrs Passes & comparable, no detachment after 4 hrs Passes & comparable, no detachment after 4 hrs

Freeze and Thaw Stability (@ -5°C) Passes Passes with extended thaw Passes with extended thaw Passes with extended thaw Passes with extended thaw Passes with extended thaw Passes with extended thaw
Diuron content (HPLC) N/A 1.26 2.4 1.3 2.06 2.2 1.09
Mechanical stability Passes Passes Passes Passes Passes Passes Passes
Electrolytic stability (for 5% Al. sulphate solution in 100 gms of emulsion) in mL Passes Passes Passes Passes Passes Passes Passes
Accelerated stability (after 21days) Passes Passes Passes Passes Passes Passes Passes

From table 1, it is evident that on biocidal binder emulsion shows comparable results in terms of properties against the conventional binder emulsion wherein biocide is added in the solid form. Therefore, there is no adverse effect observed by using biocide solution during emulsion process instead of biocide in the solid form.
Experiment 2: Preparation of paint composition
General procedure:
A commercially available coating composition was mixed with the biocidal binder emulsion to obtain a paint composition.
Total 7 paints were prepared using the general procedure described herein above, from the biocidal binder emulsion prepared in example 1 and 7 respectively. Paint properties as tabulated in table 2 below:
Table 2: Paint properties
PROPERTIES Paint A
(Ex.2) Paint B
(Ex.1) Paint C
(Ex.3) Paint D
(Ex.4) Paint E
(Ex.5) Paint F
(Ex.6) Paint G
(Ex. 7)
Water resistance (cured for 48 hrs) O/N O/N - - - - O/N
in mins
Alkali resistance (cured for 48 hrs) 150 120-150 - - - - 150
in mins
Wet Scrub resistance - Superior than example 2 Superior than example 2 Superior than example 2 Superior than example 2 Superior than example 2 Superior than example 2
Other properties (Rating scale - 1 : Worst, 10: Best) - - - - - - -
DPUR Activated charcoal test 7 7.5 7 7 7 7 8.5
DPUR Red Oxide slurry test 7 8 7 7 6.5 6.5 8
Accelerated stability after 30 days (55°C) Passes Passes Passes Passes Passes Passes Passes
From table 2, it is evident that paint composition containing biocide in encapsulated form has enhanced performance in respect of wet scrub resistance, dirt pick-up resistance than conventional paint composition.
Table 3: Anti-algal chamber test:
PROPERTIES Paint A
(example 2) Paint B
(example 1) Paint G
(Example 7)
Anti-algal performance rating*
(1 : Worst, 10 : Best) 5 4 7

From table 3, it is evident that, the paint composition containing single biocide in encapsulated form has one-unit inferior performance in respect of anti-algal performance in chamber test of 30 days than conventional paint composition. When combination of biocide in encapsulated form has used in paint composition, is performed superior than conventional paint composition.
TECHNICAL ADVANCEMENTS
The present disclosure described herein above has several technical advantages including, but not limited to, the realization of:
• a biocidal binder emulsion, which exhibit
- synergistic anti-algal effect and low leaching of biocide; and
• a process for preparation of the biocidal binder emulsion, which:
- is a simple and provides an encapsulated biocide using emulsion polymerization;
- prevents precipitation of biocide during polymerization.
The embodiments herein and the various features and advantageous details thereof are explained with reference to the non-limiting embodiments in the following description. Descriptions of well-known components and processing techniques are omitted so as to not unnecessarily obscure the embodiments herein. The examples used herein are intended merely to facilitate an understanding of ways in which the embodiments herein may be practiced and to further enable those of skill in the art to practice the embodiments herein. Accordingly, the examples should not be construed as limiting the scope of the embodiments herein.
The foregoing description of the specific embodiments so fully reveal the general nature of the embodiments herein that others can, by applying current knowledge, readily modify and/or adapt for various applications such specific embodiments without departing from the generic concept, and, therefore, such adaptations and modifications should and are intended to be comprehended within the meaning and range of equivalents of the disclosed embodiments. It is to be understood that the phraseology or terminology employed herein is for the purpose of description and not of limitation. Therefore, while the embodiments herein have been described in terms of preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art will recognize that the embodiments herein can be practiced with modification within the spirit and scope of the embodiments as described herein.
The use of the expression “at least” or “at least one” suggests the use of one or more elements or ingredients or quantities, as the use may be in the embodiment of the disclosure to achieve one or more of the desired objects or results.
Any discussion of documents, acts, materials, devices, articles or the like that has been included in this specification is solely for the purpose of providing context for the disclosure. It is not to be taken as an admission that any or all of these matters form a part of the prior art base or were common general knowledge in the field relevant to the disclosure as it existed anywhere before the priority date of this application.
The numerical values mentioned for the various physical parameters, dimensions or quantities are only approximations and it is envisaged that the values higher/lower than the numerical values assigned to the parameters, dimensions or quantities fall within the scope of the disclosure, unless there is a statement in the specification specific to the contrary.
While considerable emphasis has been placed herein on the components and component parts of the preferred embodiments, it will be appreciated that many embodiments can be made and that many changes can be made in the preferred embodiments without departing from the principles of the disclosure. These and other changes in the preferred embodiment as well as other embodiments of the disclosure will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the disclosure herein, whereby it is to be distinctly understood that the foregoing descriptive matter is to be interpreted merely as illustrative of the disclosure and not as a limitation.