FORM 2
THE PATENTS ACT 1970
[39 OF 1970]
&
THE PATENTS RULES, 2003
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
[See section 10; rule 13]
TITLE: “A BRAKE BY WIRE SYSTEM FOR OPERATING AN ELECTROMAGNETIC
BRAKE OF A VEHICLE”
Name and Address of the Applicant:
TATA MOTORS LIMITED of Bombay house, 24 Homi Mody Street, Hutatma Chowk, Mumbai 400 001, Maharashtra, India.
Nationality: Indian
The following specification particularly describes the invention and the manner in which it is to be performed.

TECHNICAL FIELD
Present disclosure, in general, relates to the field of automobiles. Particularly, but not exclusively, the present disclosure relates to an electromagnetic brakes of a vehicle. Further, embodiments of the present disclosure discloses a brake by wire system for operating the electromagnetic brake.
BACKGROUND OF THE DISCLOSURE
Generally, vehicles are equipped with a drive train to drive the vehicle and braking systems for slowing or stopping movement of the vehicle in a controlled manner. Various types of braking systems exist and among which drum brakes and disc brakes are widely used in vehicles.
Generally, drum brakes include brake liners and actuating mechanisms for selectively moving the brake liners to abut to the drum for exerting a braking force and stop the vehicle in a controlled manner, corresponding to actuation of brake pedal by an operator. Generally, a hydraulic or pneumatic or spring based actuating mechanisms are provided for selectively actuating the brake liner. Upon prolonged use, the hydraulic or pneumatic or spring based components for operating the drum brake may wear and lead to irregular braking or brake failure.
Considering the above, electromagnetic drum brakes have been developed for braking the vehicles. The electromagnetic drum brake works on the electromagnetic force to displace the brake liners to apply the braking force. The electromagnetic brakes are operated by brake by wire systems in which the brake pedal and the electromagnetic drum brake may be electrically coupled through wires. The electromagnetic drum brake is operated based on electrical signals received as a result of depressing of the brake pedal, for braking of the vehicle. However, for the operators who are accustomed to conventional braking systems, i.e. hydraulic or pneumatic brakes, may face difficulties in operating the brake by wire systems due to different feedback feel than that of the hydraulic or pneumatic brakes, leading to improper application of brake pedal leading to sudden or jerky braking of the vehicles at higher speeds, which is undesired.
The present disclosure is directed to overcome one or more limitations stated above or any other limitations associated with the conventional braking system.
SUMMARY OF THE DISCLOSURE

One or more shortcomings of the prior art are overcome by a system as claimed and additional advantages are provided through the system as claimed in the present disclosure. Additional features and advantages are realized through the techniques of the present disclosure. Other embodiments and aspects of the disclosure are described in detail herein and are considered a part of the claimed disclosure.
In one non-limiting embodiment of the present disclosure a brake by wire system for operating an electromagnetic brake of a vehicle is disclosed. The system includes a brake pedal operable by an operator. Further, the system includes a regulator which is coupled to a power source of the vehicle and communicatively coupled to the brake pedal. The regulator is configured modulate an electrical signal from the power source by varying voltage of the electrical signal, relative to operation of the brake pedal. Further, the system includes an actuator which is coupled to the brake pedal and communicatively coupled to the regulator. The actuator is configured to provide a resistance force in a direction opposite to the direction of operation of the brake pedal, based on the electrical signal received from the regulator. Additionally, a control unit is communicatively coupled with the regulator and the electromagnetic brake. The control unit is configured to operate the electromagnetic brake for selectively braking of the vehicle, based on the electrical signal received from the regulator. The system provides the required feedback to the operator upon depressing the brake pedal to replicate the feel and feedback of the brake pedal.
In an embodiment, the regulator is configured to modulate the electrical signal when voltage in the regulator exceeds a threshold voltage, corresponding to actuation of the brake pedal. This way, the regulator is configured to operate the electromagnetic brake only when the vehicle is an ON condition and the brake pedal in a depressed condition.
In an embodiment, the regulator is configured to maintain a constant electrical signal when voltage in the regulator exceeds a maximum threshold voltage, corresponding to actuation of the brake pedal. The configuration of the regulator to maintain the constant electrical signal when the voltage in the regulator exceeds the maximum threshold voltage, prevents damage to the components in the electromagnetic braking system.

In an embodiment, the control unit is configured to operate the electromagnetic brake based on the electrical signals received from at least one of the regulator, a wheel speed sensor, a brake liner temperature sensor, a brake liner position sensor, an input force sensor and an engine control unit.
In an embodiment, the control unit is configured to de-actuate the electromagnetic brake corresponding to the electrical signals being less than the threshold voltage for applying a parking brake. This way the brake by wire system enables automatic actuation of the parking brake when the vehicle is in an OFF condition.
In an embodiment, the actuator is one of an electrorheological damper, a pneumatic actuator and a hydraulic actuator.
In another non-limiting embodiment of the present disclosure, an electromagnetic braking system of a vehicle is disclosed. The electromagnetic braking system includes an electromagnetic brake associated with wheels of the vehicle. The electromagnetic brake includes at least one electromagnet and a plurality of magnetic engaging members. Each of the plurality of magnetic engaging members are connectable at one end to at least one brake liner and other end is disposed proximal to at least one corresponding electromagnet. Further, the electromagnetic braking system includes a brake by wire system for operating the electromagnetic brake. The system includes a brake pedal and a regulator coupled to a power source and communicatively coupled to the brake pedal. The regulator is configured modulate an electrical signal from the power source relative to operation of the brake pedal. Further, the system includes an actuator coupled with the brake pedal and communicatively coupled to the regulator. The actuator is configured to provide a resistance force in a direction opposite to the direction of operation of the brake pedal, based on the electrical signals received from the regulator. Furthermore, the system includes a control unit which is communicatively coupled between the regulator and the at least one electromagnet. The control unit is configured to change polarity of the at least one electromagnet based on the electrical signals received from the regulator to selectively repel and attract the plurality of magnetic engaging members resulting in displacement of each of the at least one brake liner for applying a braking force.

The foregoing summary is illustrative only and is not intended to be in any way limiting. In addition to the illustrative aspects, embodiments, and features described above, further aspects, embodiments, and features will become apparent by reference to the drawings and the following detailed description.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE ACCOMPANYING DRAWINGS
The novel features and characteristics of the disclosure are set forth in the appended claims. The disclosure itself, however, as well as a preferred mode of use, further objectives, and advantages thereof, will best be understood by reference to the following detailed description of an illustrative embodiments when read in conjunction with the accompanying figures. One or more embodiments are now described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying figures wherein like reference numerals represent like elements and in which:
Fig. 1 is a block diagram illustrating an electromagnetic braking system of a vehicle, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Fig. 2 illustrates a schematic view of an electromagnetic brake of the vehicle, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Fig. 3 is a block diagram illustrating a brake by wire system for operating the electromagnetic brake, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Fig. 4 is a flow chart illustrating operation of the brake by wire system, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
The figures depict embodiments of the disclosure for purposes of illustration only. One skilled in the art will readily recognize from the following description that alternative embodiments of the system and method illustrated herein may be employed without departing from the principles of the disclosure described herein.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
The foregoing has broadly outlined the features and technical advantages of the present disclosure in order that the detailed description of the disclosure that follows may be better understood.

Additional features and advantages of the disclosure will be described hereinafter which form the subject of the claims of the disclosure. It should be appreciated by those skilled in the art that, the conception and specific embodiments disclosed may be readily utilized as a basis for modifying other assemblies, mechanisms, systems, devices, methods, and processes for carrying out the same purposes of the present disclosure. It should also be realized by those skilled in the art that, such equivalent constructions do not depart from the scope of the disclosure as set forth in the appended claims. The novel features which are believed to be characteristics of the disclosure, to its system, together with further objects and advantages will be better understood from the following description when considered in connection with the accompanying figures. It is to be expressly understood, however, that each of the figures is provided for the purpose of illustration and description only and is not intended as a definition of the limits of the present disclosure.
The terms “comprises”, “comprising”, or any other variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusions, such that a mechanism, a system, or a device that comprises a list of components or steps does not include only those components or steps but may include other components or steps not expressly listed or inherent to such setup or device or method. In other words, one or more elements in a system or apparatus proceeded by “comprises… a” does not, without more constraints, preclude the existence of other elements or additional elements in the system or apparatus.
Reference will now be made to the exemplary embodiments of the disclosure, as illustrated in the accompanying drawings. Wherever possible, same numerals have been used to refer to the same or like parts. The following paragraphs describe the present disclosure with reference to Figs. 1-4. It is to be noted that the electromagnetic brake and the brake by wire system may be employed in any vehicle including but not limited to a passenger vehicle, a utility vehicle, commercial vehicles, motorcycles, and any other vehicle.
Fig. 1 is an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure which illustrates an electromagnetic braking system (300) of a vehicle [not shown in Figures]. The electromagnetic braking system (300) may include an electromagnetic brake (100) which may be associated with wheels of the vehicle and a power source (8) electrical coupled to the electromagnetic brake (100). In an embodiment, the power source (8) may be including but not limited to a battery of the vehicle,

current supplied from an alternator and any other device capable of supplying electric current to the electromagnetic braking system (300). In an embodiment, the electromagnetic brake (100) may be provided for each wheel or some of the wheels of the vehicle. Referring now to Fig. 2, the electromagnetic brake (100) may include a casing (3) and at least one electromagnet (1) that may be disposed in the casing (3). The at least one electromagnet (1) may be capable of generating a magnetic field by passage of electric current or electric signals. The magnetic field may be selectively generated by the at least one electromagnet (1) based on supply of electric current, for example, the magnetic field and a magnetic polarity may be selectively generated by transmitting and halting passage of electric current to the at least one electromagnet (1). Additionally, the at least one electromagnet (1) may be configured to selectively interchange magnetic poles. In an embodiment, the magnetic poles of the at least one electromagnet (1) may be interchanged by controlling the amount of electric current through the at least one electromagnet (1) and interchanging the direction of flow of electric current through the at least one electromagnet (1).
Further, the at least one electromagnet (1) may be electrically coupled to a control unit (CU) in the vehicle, which may be configured to energize the at least one electromagnet (1) to generate the magnetic field. In an embodiment, the control unit (CU) may be configured to operate based on operational signals which may be transmitted upon actuation and de-actuation of a brake pedal (5) of the vehicle. The electromagnetic brake (100) may include at least one brake liner (2) which may be provisioned at a periphery of the casing (3). The at least one brake liner (2) is configured to displace within the casing (3) in order to frictionally engage with the inner surface of the electromagnetic brake (100).
Further, the electromagnetic brake (100) may include a plurality of magnetic engaging members (4). Each of the plurality of magnetic engaging members (4) may be connectable at one end to the at least one brake liner (2) and an other end, opposite to the one end proximal to at least one of a corresponding electromagnet (1). In an embodiment, each of the plurality of magnetic engaging members (4) may be disposed proximal to an individual electromagnet (1) of the at least one electromagnet (1). In an embodiment, the plurality of magnetic engaging members (4) may be disposed in the casing (3) such that, upon energizing the at least one electromagnet (1), the plurality of magnetic engaging members (4) may be adapted to displace away or towards the at least one electromagnet (1) to selectively displace the at least one brake liner (2), thereby applying the

braking force. In an embodiment, the control unit (CU) may be configured to regulate electrical signals received from the power source to change a polarity of the at least one electromagnet (1) at a predefined frequency to generate opposite magnetic poles. The change in polarity of the at least one electromagnet (1) may trigger repelling movement of plurality of magnetic engaging members (4) in-turn may displace the brake liners to apply the braking force. That is, in the braking condition, the at least one brake liner (2) may frictionally contact the inner surface of the casing (3) of the electromagnetic brake (100) and may generate a frictional force for braking.
Further, referring back to Fig. 1, the electromagnetic braking system (300) may include a plurality of sensors (10, 11, 12, 13, 14). The plurality of sensors (10, 11, 12, 13, 14) may be communicatively coupled to the control unit (CU) and transmit electrical signals to the control unit (CU) based on operating parameters of the vehicle. The control unit (CU) may be configured to receive the operating parameters of the vehicle and operate the electromagnetic brake (100) based on the received electrical signals. The plurality of sensors (10, 11, 12, 13, 14) may include but not limiting to a wheel speed sensor (10), a brake liner temperature sensor (14), a brake liner position sensor (13), an input force sensor (11) and an engine control unit (12) and the like.
In an embodiment, the wheel speed sensor (10) may transmit information to the control unit (CU) about the speed of the vehicle or the speed at which the wheel of the vehicle is rotating. The control unit (CU) may be configured to determine the intensity of the braking force required based on the electrical signals received from the wheel speed sensor (10). Further, the brake liner temperature sensor (14) may transmit information to the control unit (CU) about the temperature of the at least one brake liner (2). The control unit (CU) may be configured to determine the amount of displacement and braking force required based on the electrical signals received from the brake liner temperature sensor (14) as higher braking force is required when the temperature of the at least one brake liner (2) is high. Furthermore, the brake liner position sensor (13) may transmit information to the control unit (CU) about the position of the at least one brake liner (2) within the casing (3) of the electromagnetic brake (100). The control unit (CU) may be configured to determine the amount of displacement and braking force required based on the electrical signals received from the brake liner position sensor (13) as higher braking force is required when the at least one brake liner (2) is required to travel a longer distance due to the change in position which may be caused by the wear of the at least one brake liner (2). Additionally, the input force sensor

(11) may transmit information to the control unit (CU) about the force applied by an operator on the brake pedal (5) during application of brakes. The control unit (CU) may be configured to determine the intensity of the braking force required based on the electrical signals received from the input force sensor (11). Further, the engine control unit (12) may transmit information to the control unit (CU) about the working condition or the operating parameters of the engine which may influence the braking force that may be required by the electromagnetic brake (100). The control unit (CU) may be configured to receive the signals with respect to acceleration or deceleration of the vehicle that may influence the intensity of the braking force required to stop the vehicle. In an embodiment, the control unit (CU) may be configured to receive and process all the electrical signals from the plurality of sensors (10, 11, 12, 13, 14) upon receiving signals from at least one of the brake pedal (5) and an accelerator pedal.
In an embodiment, as seen in Fig. 1, the electromagnetic braking system (300) may include a power controller (9) which may be connected between the control unit (CU) and the electromagnetic brake (100). Further, the power controller (9) may be communicatively coupled to the power source (8). The power controller (9) may be configured to receive operational signals from the control unit (CU) and may receive the electrical power from the power source (8). Further, the power controller (9) may be configured to transmit the required electric signals from the power source (8) to the electromagnetic brake (100) to apply a braking force based on the operational signals received from the control unit (CU).
In an embodiment, the electromagnetic braking system may be configured to operate without the power controller (9) as the functions of the power controller (9) may be performed by the control unit (CU).
Referring now to Fig. 3, the electromagnetic braking system (300) may include a brake by wire system (200) for operating the electromagnetic brake (100) of the vehicle. The brake by wire system (200) may include the brake pedal (5) which may be positioned within a cabin [not shown in Figures] of the vehicle and may be operable by the operator. The brake pedal (5) may be adapted to be displace between an actuated state and a de-actuated state for operating the electromagnetic brake (100). Further, the brake by wire system (200) may include a regulator (6). The regulator (6) may be coupled to the power source (8) and may be communicatively coupled to the brake pedal

(5). The regulator (6) may be configured to modulate an electrical signal from the power source (8) relative to operation of the brake pedal (5). In an embodiment, the regulator (6) may be in the form of a voltage regulator or a variac (variable autotransformer) which may be configured to control an amount of electrical signal or voltage flowing through the brake by wire system (200).
In an illustrated embodiment, the brake by wire system (200) includes one regulator (6), however, this should not be considered as a limitation as the brake by wire system (200) may include more than one regulator (6). For example, the brake by wire system (200) may include one regulator (6) for each of the electromagnetic brake (100) associated with each wheel of the vehicle.
Further, the regulator (6) may be configured to modulate the electrical signal which may be received from the power source (8), when voltage in the regulator (6) exceeds a threshold voltage, corresponding to actuation of the brake pedal (5). In an embodiment, the threshold voltage may be a minimum amount of voltage which may be required to operate the regulator (6). The configuration of the regulator (6) to modulate the electrical signals after the voltage exceeds the threshold voltage enables electrical signals to be transmitted out of the regulator (6) having voltage which may be required to operate the electromagnetic brake (100) corresponding to operation of the brake pedal (5). The amount of modulation of the electrical signals by the regulator (6) may be based on the amount of displacement of the brake pedal (5) by the operator. That is, the regulator (6) may be configured to transmit the electrical signal having higher voltage when the brake pedal (5) is depressed to a higher degree and may be configured to the transmit the electrical signal having lower voltage when the brake pedal (5) may be depressed to a lower degree. This way, the regulator (6) is configured to operate the electromagnetic brake (100) only under the vehicle ON condition and the brake pedal (5) in the depressed condition. Furthermore, the regulator (6) may be configured to maintain a constant electrical signal when the voltage in the regulator (6) exceeds a maximum threshold voltage, corresponding to actuation of the brake pedal (5). In an embodiment, the maximum threshold voltage may be the maximum amount of voltage which may be a safe operating voltage limit for the brake by wire system (200). The configuration of the regulator (6) to maintain the constant electrical signal when the voltage in the regulator (6) exceeds the maximum threshold voltage prevents damage to the components in the electromagnetic braking system (300). Additionally, the configuration of the regulator (6) to maintain the constant electrical signal when the voltage in the regulator (6) exceeds the maximum threshold voltage enables the

brake by wire system (200) to be employed in different vehicles without the need for recalibration or configuration for each type of vehicle.
Referring again to Fig. 3, the brake by wire system (200) may include an actuator (7) which may be coupled to the brake pedal (5) and also may be communicatively coupled to the regulator (6). In an embodiment, the actuator (7) may be including but not limited to a electrorheological damper, a pneumatic actuator, a hydraulic actuator and any other linear or rotary electrical actuator which may be capable of operating by electrical signals. The actuator (7) may be configured to provide a resistance force which may be in a direction opposite to the direction of operation of the brake pedal (5). The actuator (7) may be configured to provide the resistance force on the brake pedal (5) based on the electrical signals that may be received from the regulator (6). In an embodiment, the electrical signals which may be received by the actuator (7) from the regulator (6) may be based on the operation of the brake pedal (5). The resistance force applied on the brake pedal (5) by the actuator (7) based on operation of the brake pedal (5) may provide the required feedback to the operator upon depressing the brake pedal (5). In an embodiment, the resistance force which may be applied by the actuator (7) may be directly proportional to the force that may be applied on the brake pedal (5), that is, the regulator (6) may be configured to transmit electrical signals based on the amount of force and displacement applied on the brake pedal (5). For example, upon depressing of the brake pedal (5), the regulator (6) may modulate the voltage of the electrical signals received from the power source (8) such that the modulated signals may be transmitted to the actuator (7) for providing sufficient resistive force on the brake pedal (5) to provide the feedback to the operator. This way, the brake by wire system (200) may be configured to replicate the feel and feedback of the brake pedal of the hydraulic or pneumatic braking systems.
In an illustrated embodiment, the brake by wire system (200) includes one actuator (7), however, this should not be considered as a limitation as the brake by wire system (200) may include more than one actuator (7) which may be required for providing the resistive force on the brake pedal (5).
In an embodiment, the regulator (6) of the brake by wire system (200) may be communicatively coupled to the control unit (CU) which in-turn may be communicatively coupled to the electromagnetic brake (100). That is, the control unit (CU) may be communicatively coupled

between the regulator (6) and the at least one electromagnet (1). The regulator (6) may be configured to transmit the modulated electrical signals or the constant electric signals that may be generated corresponding to operation of the brake pedal (5), to the control unit (CU). The control unit (CU) may be configured to modulate the electrical signals received from at least one of the power source (8) and the regulator (6) to change polarity of the at least one electromagnet (1). The change in polarity of the at least one electromagnet (1) based on the electrical signals may selectively repel and attract the plurality of magnetic engaging members (4). The selective repulsion and attraction of the plurality of magnetic engaging members (4) may result in displacement of the at least one brake liner (2) of the electromagnetic brake (100) to selectively apply the braking force. Thereby, the control unit (CU) may be configured to operate the electromagnetic brake (100) for selectively braking of the vehicle, based on the electrical signal received from the regulator (6).
For example, the control unit (CU) may be configured to control amount of charge supplied to the at least one electromagnet (1) based on actuation of the brake pedal (5), that is based on electrical signals that may be received from the regulator (6) and thereby control the magnetic field and the magnetic polarity of the at least one electromagnet (1). The control unit (CU) may be configured to selectively magnetize the at least one electromagnet (1) to a first polarity upon actuation of the brake pedal (5) and similarly magnetize the at least one electromagnet (1) to a second polarity upon de-actuation of the brake pedal (5).
In an embodiment, the control unit (CU) may be configured to de-actuate the electromagnetic brake (100) corresponding to the electrical signals received by the regulator (6) is less than the threshold voltage. The control unit (CU) may be configured to apply the braking force which may act as a parking brake, when the electrical signals may be less than the threshold voltage. That is, in the OFF condition of the vehicle, the regulator (6) may not receive the electrical signals from the power source (8). The control unit (CU) may be configured to change the polarity of the at least one electromagnet (1) or may halt supply of electrical signals to the at least one electromagnet (1) such that the plurality of magnetic engaging members (4) may be displaced away from the at least one electromagnet (1). This displacement of the plurality of magnetic engaging members (4) may result in displacement of the at least one brake liner (2) for application of braking force, thereby automatically applying the brake in the vehicle OFF condition which may replicate the

parking brake condition. Furthermore, in an embodiment, the control unit (CU) may be configured to operate the electromagnetic brake (100) upon actuation of a parking brake lever or button.
In an embodiment, the control unit (CU) may be a centralized control unit of the vehicle or may be a dedicated control unit (CU) to the electromagnetic braking system (300) associated with the centralized control unit of the vehicle. The control unit (CU) may also be associated with other control units including, but not limited to, a body control module (BCM), a central control module (CCM), a general electronic module (GEM), and the like. In an embodiment, the control unit (CU) may include a processing unit, where the processing unit may comprise at least one data processor for executing program components for executing user- or system-generated requests. The processing unit may be a specialized processing unit such as integrated system (bus) controllers, memory management control units, floating point units, graphics processing units, digital signal processing units, etc. Further, the control unit (CU) may be an electronic control unit, disposed in communication with one or more memory devices (e.g., RAM, ROM etc.) via a storage interface. The storage interface may connect to the memory devices including, without limitation, memory drives, removable disc drives, and the like, employing connection protocols such as serial advanced technology attachment (SATA), integrated drive electronics (IDE), IEEE-1394, universal serial bus (USB), fiber channel, small computing system interface (SCSI), etc.
In an embodiment, the components of the electromagnetic braking system (300) such as the at least one electromagnet (1), the brake pedal (5), the regulator (6), the actuator (7), the control unit (CU) and the plurality of sensors (10, 11, 12, 13, 14) may be connected with each other through transmission devices such as but not limited to wires, cables, and any other device capable of transmitting electrical signals. For example, the electromagnetic brake (100), the control unit (CU), the regulator (6), the plurality of sensors (10, 11, 12, 13, 14), the actuator (7) and the power source (8) may be connected by a controller area network (CAN bus) and a CAN bus protocol may be employed for transmission of electrical signals or current or voltage.
In an operational embodiment, as seen in Fig. 4, upon switching ON of the vehicle or switching on the power supply, the electric signals from the power source (8) may be transmitted to the regulator (6). In an embodiment, upon non receipt of the electrical signals from the power source (8) the regulator (6) may be configured to produce a signal for re-confirmation of the ON condition

of the vehicle. Further, the brake pedal (5) may also be communicatively coupled to the regulator (6) such that upon application of the brake or operation of the brake pedal (5) by the operator, the regulator (6) may be configured to modulate the electrical signals that may be received from the power source (8). In an embodiment, the regulator (6) may be configured to check the condition of the electrical signals which may be received from the power source (8) upon operation of the brake pedal (5). That is, the regulator (6) may check if the electrical signals received from the power source (8) is greater than or equal to the threshold voltage. If the electrical signal is greater or equal to the threshold voltage, then the regulator (6) is configured to modulate and transmit the modulated electrical signals to the control unit (CU) for operating the electromagnetic brake (100) and the actuator (7) to provide the resistive force on the brake pedal (5). In an embodiment, if the electrical signal is lesser than the threshold voltage, then the regulator (6) may not transmit the electrical signals to the control unit (CU) and the actuator (7). When the electrical signal is lesser than the threshold voltage the regulator (6) may be configured to produce the signal for re-confirmation of the ON condition of the vehicle. Furthermore, the regulator (6) may check if the electrical signals received from the power source (8) is greater than or equal to the maximum threshold voltage. If the electrical signal is greater or equal to the maximum threshold voltage, then the regulator (6) is configured to modulate the electrical signals such that the electrical signals transmitted to the control unit (CU) and the actuator (7) may be constant. That is, the electrical signal transmitted upon the voltage being greater than or equal to the maximum voltage may be maintained constant at the maximum threshold voltage without increasing beyond the maximum threshold voltage. This controlling feature of the regulator (6) may aid in preventing damage to the components of the electromagnetic brake (100) and the actuator (7).
In an embodiment, the electromagnetic braking system (300) having the brake by wire system (200) provides precise and accurate braking force even after prolonged usage as there are no fluids and mechanical components involved.
In an embodiment, the electromagnetic braking system (300) having the brake by wire system (200) is easy to assemble, manufacture and maintain. Furthermore, as the brake by wire system (200) is operated electrically, the size and weight of the braking system may be reduced.

In an embodiment, the braking efficiency of remains constant as electric current is employed for actuating the brakes.
It should be imperative that the construction and configuration of the assembly and any other elements or components described in the above detailed description should not be considered as a limitation with respect to the figures. Rather, variation to such structural configuration of the elements or components should be considered within the scope of the detailed description.
Equivalents:
With respect to the use of substantially any plural and/or singular terms herein, those having skill in the art can translate from the plural to the singular and/or from the singular to the plural as is appropriate to the context and/or application. The various singular/plural permutations may be expressly set forth herein for sake of clarity.
It will be understood by those within the art that, in general, terms used herein, and especially in the appended claims (e.g., bodies of the appended claims) are generally intended as “open” terms (e.g., the term “including” should be interpreted as “including but not limited to,” the term “having” should be interpreted as “having at least,” the term “includes” should be interpreted as “includes but is not limited to,” etc.). It will be further understood by those within the art that if a specific number of an introduced claim recitation is intended, such an intent will be explicitly recited in the claim, and in the absence of such recitation no such intent is present. For example, as an aid to understanding, the following appended claims may contain usage of the introductory phrases “at least one” and “one or more” to introduce claim recitations. However, the use of such phrases should not be construed to imply that the introduction of a claim recitation by the indefinite articles “a” or “an” limits any particular claim containing such introduced claim recitation to inventions containing only one such recitation, even when the same claim includes the introductory phrases “one or more” or “at least one” and indefinite articles such as “a” or “an” (e.g., “a” and/or “an” should typically be interpreted to mean “at least one” or “one or more”); the same holds true for the use of definite articles used to introduce claim recitations. In addition, even if a specific number of an introduced claim recitation is explicitly recited, those skilled in the art will recognize that such recitation should typically be interpreted to mean at least the recited number (e.g., the

bare recitation of “two recitations,” without other modifiers, typically means at least two recitations, or two or more recitations). Furthermore, in those instances where a convention analogous to “at least one of A, B, and C, etc.” is used, in general such a construction is intended in the sense one having skill in the art would understand the convention (e.g., “a system having at least one of A, B, and C” would include but not be limited to systems that have A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B together, A and C together, B and C together, and/or A, B, and C together, etc.). In those instances where a convention analogous to “at least one of A, B, or C, etc.” is used, in general such a construction is intended in the sense one having skill in the art would understand the convention (e.g., “a system having at least one of A, B, or C” would include but not be limited to systems that have A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B together, A and C together, B and C together, and/or A, B, and C together, etc.). It will be further understood by those within the art that virtually any disjunctive word and/or phrase presenting two or more alternative terms, whether in the description, claims, or drawings, should be understood to contemplate the possibilities of including one of the terms, either of the terms, or both terms. For example, the phrase “A or B” will be understood to include the possibilities of “A” or “B” or “A and B.”
In addition, where features or aspects of the disclosure are described in terms of Markush groups, those skilled in the art will recognize that the disclosure is also thereby described in terms of any individual member or subgroup of members of the Markush group.
While various aspects and embodiments have been disclosed herein, other aspects and embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art. The various aspects and embodiments disclosed herein are for purposes of illustration and are not intended to be limiting.

Referral Numerals:

Reference Number Description
100 Electromagnetic brake
200 Brake by wire system
300 Electromagnetic braking system
1 Electromagnet
2 Liner
3 Casing
4 Magnetic engaging members
5 Brake pedal
6 Regulator
7 Actuator
8 Power source
9 Power controller
10 Wheel speed sensor
11 Input force sensor
12 Engine control unit
13 Brake liner position sensor
14 Brake liner temperature sensor
CU Control unit

We Claim:
1. A brake by wire system (200) for operating an electromagnetic brake (100) of a vehicle,
the system comprising:
a brake pedal (5) operable by an operator;
a regulator (6) coupled to a power source (8) of the vehicle and communicatively coupled to the brake pedal (5), wherein the regulator (6) is configured modulate an electrical signal from the power source (8) by varying voltage of the electrical signal, relative to operation of the brake pedal (5);
an actuator (7) coupled to the brake pedal (5) and communicatively coupled to the regulator (6), wherein the actuator (7) is configured to provide a resistance force in a direction opposite to the direction of operation of the brake pedal (5), based on the electrical signal received from the regulator (6); and
a control unit (CU) communicatively coupled with the regulator (6) and the electromagnetic brake (100), wherein the control unit (CU) is configured to operate the electromagnetic brake (100) for selectively braking of the vehicle, based on the electrical signal received from the regulator (6).
2. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the regulator (6) is configured to modulate the electrical signal when voltage in the regulator (6) exceeds a threshold voltage, corresponding to actuation of the brake pedal (5).
3. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the regulator (6) is configured to maintain a constant electrical signal when voltage in the regulator (6) exceeds a maximum threshold voltage, corresponding to actuation of the brake pedal (5).
4. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the control unit (CU) is configured to operate the electromagnetic brake (100) based on the electrical signals received from at least one of the regulator (6), a wheel speed sensor (10), a brake liner temperature sensor (14), a brake liner position sensor (13), an input force sensor (11) and an engine control unit (12).

5. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the control unit (CU) is configured to de-actuate the electromagnetic brake (100) corresponding to the electrical signals being less than the threshold voltage for applying a parking brake.
6. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the actuator (7) is electrorheological damper.
7. An electromagnetic braking system (300) of a vehicle, comprising:
an electromagnetic brake (100) associated with wheels of the vehicle, comprising: at least one electromagnet (1); and
a plurality of magnetic engaging members (4), each connectable at one end to at least one brake liner (2) and other end is disposed proximal to at least one corresponding electromagnet (1); and a brake by wire system (200) for operating the electromagnetic brake (100), the system comprising:
a brake pedal (5) operable by an operator;
a regulator (6) coupled to a power source (8) and communicatively coupled to the brake pedal (5), wherein the regulator (6) is configured modulate an electrical signal from the power source (8) relative to operation of the brake pedal (5);
an actuator (7) coupled with the brake pedal (5) and communicatively coupled to the regulator (6), wherein the actuator (7) is configured to provide a resistance force in a direction opposite to the direction of operation of the brake pedal (5), based on the electrical signals received from the regulator (6); and
a control unit (CU) communicatively coupled between the regulator (6) and the at least one electromagnet (1), wherein, the control unit (CU) is configured to change polarity of the at least one electromagnet (1) based on the electrical signals received from the regulator (6) to selectively repel and attract the plurality of magnetic engaging members (4) resulting in displacement of each of the at least one brake liner (2) for applying a braking force.
8. The electromagnetic braking system (300) as claimed in claim 7, wherein the regulator (6)
is configured to modulate the electrical signal when voltage in the regulator (6) exceeds a
threshold voltage, corresponding to actuation of the brake pedal (5).

9. The electromagnetic braking system (300) as claimed in claim 7, wherein the regulator (6) is configured to maintain a constant electrical signal when voltage in the regulator (6) exceeds a maximum threshold voltage, corresponding to actuation of the brake pedal (5).