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"A Computer System"

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a computer system includes a first hub agent and a hub interface coupled to the firsthub agent. The firsthub agent is adaptable to sample the hub interface in order to detect the presence of a second hub agent upon initiation of the computer system. In a further embodiment, the first hub agent comprises a presence detect module and control logic coupled to the presence detect module. The control logic responds to a central processing unit (CPU) poll request if the second hub agent is detected and does not respond to the CPU if the first device is not detected.

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Patent Information

Application #
Filing Date
10 April 2002
Publication Number
11/2007
Publication Type
INA
Invention Field
COMPUTER SCIENCE
Status
Email
Parent Application
Patent Number
Legal Status
Grant Date
2007-10-31
Renewal Date

Applicants

INTEL CORPORATION
2200 MISSION COLLEGE BOULEVARD, SANTA CLARA, CALIFORNIA 95052,

Inventors

1. DRAVID J HARRIMAN
846 27TH STREET, SACRAMENTO, CALIFORNIA 95816,
2. JASMIN AJANOVIC
1325 NW FRAZIER COURT, PORTLAND, OREGON 97229,
3. SERAFIN GARCIA
1128 ELDERBERRY CIRCLE, FOLSOM, CALIFORNIA 95630,

Specification

FORM 2 THE PATENTS ACT 1970 [39 OF 1970] & THE PATENTS RULES, 2003 COMPLETE SPECIFICATION [See Section 10; rule 13] INTEL CORPORATION, a corporation incorporated in the State of Delaware, of 2200 Mission College Boulevard, Santa Clara, California 95052, United States of America, The following specification particularly describes the invention and the manner in which it is to be performed: The present invention relates to a computer system. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Prior computer systems typically rely on standardized buses, such as the Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) bus adhering to a Specification Revision 2.1 bus developed by the PCI Special Interest Group of Portland Oregon, to allow computer system chipset components to communicate one with another. For example, a transaction originating at a processor and intended for a disk drive might first be delivered to a first chipset component that serves as an intermediary between the processor bus and a PCI bus. The first chipset component would then deliver the transaction over the PCI bus to a second system chipset component which would then deliver the transaction to the disk drive. Busses such as the PCI bus also provide for communication with other computer system devices such as graphics controllers and network adapters. Because buses such as the PCI bus must interface with a variety of component types, each with varying requirements, the busses are not necessarily optimized for allowing communication between chipset components. Further, chipset manufacturers who rely on standardized busies such as the PCI bus must adhere to bus standards in order to ensure compatibility with other components, and are not at liberty to make substantial changes in how the chipset components communicate with each other. Another issue that faces chipset component manufacturers in designing and manufacturing chipset components is the need to conform to standardized supply and signaling voltages when relying on busses such as PCI for communication between chipset components, thereby locking the manufacturers into certain design practices and manufacturing technologies. Therefore, it would be desirable to provide a flexible point to point interface that provides optimal communication between chipset components. In addition, it would be desirable to have a mechanism for initializing such as interface wherein the presence of a device coupled to the chipset via the interface is ascertained. Further, it would be advantageous to assign device identification numbers if a device is detected so that a processor may poll and read the devices. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION According to one embodiment, a system is disclosed that includes a central processing unit (CPU) and a memory controller hub (MCH) coupled to the CPU. The MCH includes a first interface controller that is operable to detect the presence of a hub agent coupled to the MCH. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The invention is illustrated by way of example and not limitation in the figures of the accompanying drawings, in which like references indicate similar elements, and in which: Figure 1 is a block diagram of one embodiment of a computer system; Figure 2 is a block diagram of one embodiment of agents connected by a hub interface; Figure 3 is a block diagram of one embodiment of a presence detection mechanism; Figure 4 is a flow diagram for one embodiment of the initialization of a hub interface; Figure 5 is a timing diagram illustrating a split transaction implemented by one embodiment of an interface; Figure 6 is a. timing diagram illustrating arbitration and transmission of data packets, according to one embodiment; Figure. 7 is a timing diagram illustrating flow control of data packets, according to one embodiment; Figure 8 illustrates a flow diagram describing the steps of responding to flow control operations according to one embodiment; Figure 9 illustrates the physical signal interface according to one embodiment; and Figure 10 is a timing diagram illustrating source synchronous clocking according to one embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION A method and apparatus for initializing a hub interface is described. In the following detailed description of the present invention numerous specific details arc set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. However, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that the present invention may be practiced without these specific details. in other instances, well-known structures and devices are shown in block diagram form, rather than in detail, in order to avoid obscuring the present invention. Some portions of the detailed descriptions that follow are presented in terms of algorithms and symbolic representations of operations on data bits within a computer memory. These algorithmic descriptions and representations are the means used by those skilled in the data processing arts to most effectively convey the substance of their work to others skilled in the art. An algorithm is here, and generally, conceived to be a self-consistent sequence of steps leading to a desired result. The steps arc those requiring physical manipulations of physical quantities. Usually, though not necessarily, these quantities-take the form of electrical or magnetic signals capable of being stored, transferred, combined, compared, and. otherwise manipulated. It has proven convenient at times, principally for reasons of common usage, to refer to these signals as bits, values, elements, symbols, characters, terms, numbers, or the like. It should be bome in mind, however, that all of these and similar terms are to be associated with the appropriate physical quantities and are merely convenient labels applied to these quantities. Unless specifically stated otherwise as apparent from the following discussions, it is appreciated that throughout the present invention, discussions utilizing terms such as "processing" or "computing" or "calculating" or "determining" or "displaying" or the like, refer to the action and processes of a computer system, or similar electronic computing device, that manipulates and transforms data represented as physical (electronic) quantities within the computer system's registers and memories into other data similarly represented as physical quantities within the computer system memories or registers or other such information storage, transmission or display devices. The present invention also relates to apparatus for performing the operations herein. This apparatus may be specially constructed for the required purposes, or it may comprise a general-purpose computer selectively activated or reconfigured by a computer program stored in the computer. Such a computer program may be stored in a computer readable storage medium, such as, but is not limited to, any type of disk including floppy disks, optical disks, CD-ROMs, and magneto-optical disks, read-only memories (ROMs), random access memories (RAMs), EPROMs. EEPROMs, magnetic or optical cards, or any type of media suitable for storing electronic instructions, and each coupled to a computer system bus. The algorithms and displays presented herein are not inherently related to any particular computer or other apparatus. Various general-purpose machines may be used with programs in accordance with the teachings herein, or it may prove convenient to construct more specialized apparatus to perform the required method steps. The required structure for a variety of these machines will appear from the description below. In addition, the present invention is not described with reference to any particular programming language. It will be appreciated that a variety of programming languages may be used to implement the teachings of the invention as described herein. The programs including executable instructions may be executed by one or more programming devices (e.g., a central processing unit (CPU), processor, controller, etc.) in one or more personal computer systems, servers, workstations, etc. Figure 1 is a block diagram of one embodiment of a computer system 100. Computer system 100 includes a central processing unit (CPU) 102 coupled to bus 105. In one embodiment, CPU 102 is a processor in the Pentium® family of processors including die Penrium® II processor family and Pentium® III processors available from Intel Corporation of Santa Clara, California. Alternatively, odier CPUs may be used. A. memory control hub (MCH) 110 is also coupled to bus 105. MCH 110 may include a memory controller 112 that is coupled to a main system memory 115. Main system, memory 115 stores data sequences of instructions that arc executed by CPU 102 or any other device included in system 100. In one embodiment, main system memory 115 includes dynamic random access memory (DRAM); however, main system memory 115 may be implemented using other memory types. Additional devices may also be coupled to bus 105. such as multiple CPUs and/or multiple system memories. MCH 110 may also include a graphics interface 113 coupled to a graphics accelerator 130. In one embodiment, graphics interface 113 is coupled to graphics accelerator 130 via an accelerated graphics port (AGP) that operates according to an AGP Specification Revision 2.0 interface developed by Intel Corporation of Santa Clara, California. In other embodiments, graphics interface 113 may be implemented using a hub interface controller 120 coupled to graphics accelerator 130. MCH 110 may also include a hub interface 120 that is coupled to a bridge 125. Bridge 125 may provide an interface between MCH 110 and a system bus. Bridge 125 is coupled to MCH 110 via hub interface A. Further, MCH 110 is coupled to an input/output control hub (ICH) 140 via hub interface B. ICH 140 provides an interface to input/output (I/O) devices within computer system 100. ICH 140 may include one or more interface controllers 120. For example, one interface controller 120 may be coupled to a network interface 160 via hub interface C. In addition, another interface controller 120 may be coupled to a fibre channel 165. Devices coupled together via a hub interface may be referred to as hub agents. A hub agent that is positioned closer to CPU 102 in computer system 100 in terms of travel distance rpay be referred to as an upstream agent, while an agent that is further away from CPU 102 is referred to as a downstream agent. For example, bridge 125 is downstream of MCH 110. ICH 140 is downstream of MCH 110. and network interface 160 and fibre channel 165 are downstream agents of both MCH 110 and ICH 140. However, one of ordinary skill in die art will appreciate that hub interfaces 120 may be coupled to odier devices. ICH 140 may also include a bridge 146 that provides a conventional interface to a PCI bus. Bridge 146 provides a data path between CPU 102 and peripheral devices. Devices that may be coupled to PCI bus 142 include an audio device 150 and a disk drive 155. However, one of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that other devices may be coupled to PCI bus 142. In addition, one of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that CPU 102 and MCH 110 could be combined to form a single chip. Further graphics accelerator 130 may be included within MCH 110 in other embodiments. Figure 2 is a block diagram of one embodiment of a hub interface coupling an upstream agent 220 and downstream agent 230. A hub interface is a mechanism for connecting main building blocks of the core logic of a computer system, such as the system 100, via a relatively narrow and relatively high bandwidth data path. Between individual components in computer system 100, such as between MCH 1 10 and bridge 125. the connection is implemented in a point-to-point fashion. According to one embodiment, transfer of information across the hub interface bus is accomplished using a packet-based split-transaction protocol. Hub interfaces will be discussed in more detail below. The hub interface includes a bi-directional data path 251, a stop signal 253, a request A (RQA) signal 254 and a request B (RQB) signal 258 and a system reset signal 255. According to one embodiment, the data path is 8 bits wide. However, the data path width may be any width that is a power of 2. Stop signal 243 is a bi-directional signal used for flow control. RQA signal 254 and RQB signal 258 are request signals that, during normal system operation, are asserted in order to request for control of the hub interface. In addition, RQB signal 258 may be used during a system reset to detect whether a downstream agent 230 is actually coupled to upstream agent 220. The hub interface may also include other signal paths, such as a clock signal, one or more data strobes that operate at four times the frequency of the clock signal and a voltage reference signal (not shown). Alternatively, the data strobes may operate at a multiple of the clock signal other than four. For example, the data, strobes may run at a rate of eight rimes that of the system clock signal. The hub interface is coupled to interface controllers 120 and Z3Z within upstream agent 220 and downstream agent 230, respectively. Interface controllers 120 and 232 control the interaction between the hub interface agents. Interface controller 120 , includes a presence detect module 225 that detects whether downstream agent 230 is present. Interface controller 232 includes a presence acknowledge unit 235 that transmits a signal to presence detect module 225 acknowledging the presence of downstream agent 230. According to one embodiment, the presence detect process is executed during system initialization. System initialization is detected at a hub interface upon reset signal 255 being de-asserted. Upstream agent 220 also includes control logic 228. Control logic 228 receives signals from presence detect module 225 identifying whether a device is coupled to upstream agent 220. Control logic 228 also stores a device identification (ID) number assignment for upstream agent 220. Control logic 228 maintains this information and responds to CPU 102 whenever CPU 102 addresses the device ID for the agent including control logic 228. Figure 3 is a block diagram of one embodiment of the device presence detect mechanism between presence detect module 225 and presence acknowledge unit 235. Presence detect module 225 and presence acknowledge unit 235 are coupled via RQB signal 258. According to one embodiment, presence detect module 225 and presence acknowledge unit 235 include resistors Rl and R2. respectively. Rl is a pull-up resistor coupled to a line voltage Vcc while R2 is a pull-down resistor coupled to ground. Further, resistor Rl is designed to have a small resistance in relation to resistor R2. During an interface initialization (i.e., the de-assertion of reset signal 255), control logic 228 monitors RQB signal 258 to determine whether a downstream agent 230 is coupled to upstream agent 220. According to one embodiment, control logic 228 samples RQB signal 258 on the inactive going edge of a power-on reset in order to determine whether a downstream agent is present. If no downstream agent 230 is present, RQB signal 258 is pulled high, resulting in a high logic level being transmitted to control logic 228. If a downstream agent 230 is detected, RQB signal 258 is pulled to ground since resistor RI has a high resistance compared to resistor R2. Consequently, a low logic level is transmitted to control logic 228 rcprcsentiiig that upstream agent 230 is present. One of ordinary skill in the. art will recognize that resistors R1and R2 may be replaced with other devices, such as transistors. Further, presence detect module 225 and presence acknowledge unit 235 may be configured such that a high logic level is transmitted whenever a device is detected and a low logic level is transmitted if no device is present. Upon system initialization, CPU 102 polls control logic 228 within each upstream agent 220 in order to ascertain whether a downstream agent 230 is coupled to each panicular upstream agent 220. If no agent is detected, control logic 228 does not respond to the CPU 102 poll request. Moreover, if a device is not detected at upstream agent 220, CPU 102 manages the upstream agent 220 as if it does not exist. If a downstream agent 230 is detected, CPU 102 receives a response from the upstream agent and subsequently polls the downstream agent, According to one embodiment, device ID numbers are assigned to all components within computer system 100 upon configuration. in addition, component device ED numbers are split between MCH 110 and ICH 140. For example, components within MCH 110 may be assigned device ID numbers between 0 and 7, and components within ICH 140 may be assigned dcvice ID numbers between 8 and 31. Further, if an upstream agent 220 maps logical internal devices onto a downstream agent, the upstream agent 220 uses device ED numbers 16-31 for any internal devices mapped onto the downstream agent. Figure 4 is a flow diagram for one embodiment of the initiation of a hub interface 120 (e.g., upstream agent 220). At process block 410, a hub interface is reset following a computer system 100 power-on reset. At process block 420, upstream agent 220 samples RQB signal 258 in order to determine whether a downstream agent is coupled to the hub interface. At process block 430, a signal is transmitted to control logic 228 indicating whether a downstream agent has been detected- At process block 434, it is determined whether a downstream agent has been detected by upstream agent 220. If a downstream device has not been detected, the upstream agent disables the hub interface, process block 436. At process block 440, CPU 102 polls upstream agent 220. At process block 450, it is determined whether CPU 102 receives a poll response from upstream agent 220. If a CPU 102 receives a response from upstream agent 220, CPU 102 polls downstream agent 230, process block 460. If it has been determined, thai no downstream agent is coupled to upstream agent 220, control logic 228 does not respond to the CPU 102 poll request since the hub interface has been disabled, process block. 470. Consequently, upstream agent 220 is rendered invisible to CPU 102 and computer system 100. Referring back to Figure 2, the hub agents provide a central connection between two or more separate buses and/or other types of communication lines. By using the hub interface to interconnect the MCH 110 and the ICH 140, improved access is provided between I/O components and the CPU/memory subsystem (e.g., increased bandwidth, protocol independence, and lower latency.) in addition, the hub interface may also improve the scalability of a computer system (e.g., upgrading from a base desktop platform to high-end desktop platforms or workstation platform) by providing a backbone for I/O building blocks. To provide the improved interface, the hub interface includes one or more unique features. In one embodiment, transactions are transferred across the hub interface using a packet based split-transaction protocol. For example, a Request Packet is used to stan a transaction and a separate Completion Packet may subsequently be used to terminate a transaction, if necessary. Figure 5 illustrates an example of a split transaction across the hub interface. As illustrated in Figure 5. a hub agent initially obtains ownership of the hub interface via arbitration 502. Following the arbitration, there is a request phase 504. If necessary (e.g., in the case of returning data for a read transaction), a completion phase 508 will follow the request phase. Prior to the completion phase, however, the responding hub agent, will first arbitrate 506 for ownership of the hub interface. In between the time of transmitting a request packet and a corresponding completion packet across the hub interface, separate unrelated packets may be transmitted across the hub interface in accordance with predetermined order rules, as discussed below in more detail. For example in the case of a read request from a peripheral to memory, providing the requested data may take multiple clock cycles to have the data ready to be returned in a completion packet. During the time it takes to obtain the requested data, separate unrelated completion and/or request packets waiting in a queue/pipe of the MCH 110, may be transmitted to the ICH 140. Furthermore, as shown in Figure 5, each request or completion is transmitted as a packet across the interface. For write type transactions, data, is associated, with the request. For read type transactions, there will be data associated with the completion. In some cases, there will be more than one completion for a request for the case where the completion packet is disconnected, effectively splitting it into multiple completion packets. In addition, in one embodiment, the hub interface uses transaction descriptors for routing of hub interface traffic as well as identifying the attributes of a transaction. For instance, the descriptors may be used to define a transaction as isochronous or asynchronous, which, as a result, may then be handled in accordance with a predefined protocol. Furthermore, in one embodiment, the bandwidth of the interface is increased in part by transmitting the data packets via a source synchronous clock mode. Moreover, in one embodiment, the hub interface provides the increased bandwidth despite using a narrow connection (e.g.. less pins/pads). In alternative embodiments, however, a hub interface may be implemented with less than all of the unique features as discussed above, without departing from the scope of the invention. Moreover, the hub interface could also be used to interconnect bridges and and/or other components within or external to a chipset, without departing from the scope of the present invention. TRANSACTION, PROTOCOL AND PHYSICAL LAYERS For greater clarity, the hub interface is described in three parts: a transaction layer; a protocol layer; and a physical layer. The distinctions between layers, however, is to be regarded in an illustrative rather than a restrictive sense, and is therefore does not to imply a particular preferred embodiment. TRANSACTION LAYER In one embodiment of the hub interface, the transaction layer supports the routing of separate transactions transmitted across the hub interface (which may consist of one or more packets.) For example, in one embodiment, the transaction Layer of tie hub interface generates transaction descriptors, which are included In the requests and data packets. The transaction descriptors may be used to support arbitration between queues within a huh agent (e.g_,MCH), and/or to facilitate routing of requests and. data, packets through the hub interface. For instance, in one embodiment, the transaction descriptors support routing of completion packets back to the request-initiating agent based on initially supplied (within a request packet) routing information. The transaction descriptors also help to reduce or possibly minimize packet-decoding logic within the hub agents. In alternative embodiments, the transaction descriptors also provide the ability to distinguish the handling of requests based on their respective transaction attributes. For instance, the transaction attributes identified in the transaction descriptors may identify operations as Isochronous (i.e.. operations that move fixed amounts of data on a regular basis; e.g.. video or audio real time operations.) As a result, the operations, as identified by the transaction attributes, may be handled in accordance with a corresponding predetermined routing protocol in order to support a specific type of operation (e.g., isochronous.) In one embodiment, the transaction descriptors include two fields: a routing field and an attribute field. In alternative embodiments, more or less fields may be used to provide one or more of the functions of the transaction descriptors, without departing from the scope of the invention. ■ In one embodiment, the routing field is a six-bit field used for packet routing, as shown below in Table 1. The size of the routing field, as well as the attribute field, may vary within the scope of the invention. Table 1 Routing Field of Transaction Descriptor 5 4 3 2 10 Hub ID PipeID As shown in Table 1, three bits of the routing field are used for the Hub ID which identifies the hub agent that initiated the transaction. In alternative embodiments, to provide a hub interface hierarchy exceeding 8, additioaal bits could be used in the routing field. For example, there may exist multiple hub interface hierarchies in a system, iri which case the agent at the top of the hierarchies should be capable of routing completions back, to the base of the hierarchy. In this context, "hierarchy" consists of multiple connected hub interface segments starting from a hub interface "root" agent (e.g., a MCH). For instance, computer system 100 may have only one hub interface hierarchy. Figure 1, however, illustrates an example of computer system 100 based on multiple hub interface hierarchies. In embodiments implementing only a one hub interface hierarchy, a default value of "000" may be used in the Hub ID field. The remaining three bits of the routing field may be used to identify internal pipes/queues within a hub interface agent. For example the I/O Control Hub may support internal USB (Universal Serial Bus) host controller traffic and Bus Mastering ID (BM- ID) traffic via separate "pipes." As such, the Pipe ID may be used communicate to the servicing agent (e.g.. MCH 1 10) chat traffic initiated by different "pipes" have different attributes, and may be handled in accordance with a predetermined protocol. If a hub interface agent does not implement separate internal pipes, it may use a default value of "000" in the Pipe ID field. In an alternative embodiment, the transaction descriptors further include an attribute, field. in one embodiment, the attribute field is a three-bit value. which specifies how a transaction is to be handled when a target hub interface agent receives it. In some cases, the attribute field helps a system support demanding application workload, which relies on the movement, and processing of data with specific requirements or other differentiating characteristics. For example, the attribute field may support the isochronous movement of data between devices, as used by a few recently developed external busses. Such data movement requirements need to be maintained as data flows through the hub interface between I/O devices and the CPU/memory subsystem. In alternative embodiments, additional transaction attributes may include the ability to differentiate between "snooped" traffic where cache coherency is enforced by hardware (i.e.. chipset) and "non-snooped" traffic that relies on software mechanisms to ensure data coherency in the System. Moreover, another possible attribute would be an "explicitly prefetchable" hint, to support a form of read, caching and allow for more efficient use of the main memory bandwidth. Ordering Rules The transaction descriptors can also be used to support ordering rules between transactions transmitted across the hub interface. For example, in one embodiment, transactions with identical transaction descriptors are executed in strong order (i.e., first come - first serve.) Transactions having the same routing field but different attribute fields, however, may be reordered with respect to each other. For example, in one embodiment, isochronous transactions do not need to be strongly ordered with respect to asynchronous transactions. In addition, in one embodiment of the hub interface, data transmissions are permitted to make progress over requests, either in the same direction or the opposite direction. Read completions flowing in one direction arc allowed to pass read requests flowing in the same direction. And, write requests are allowed to pass read requests flowing in the same direction. In alternative embodiments, however, the ordering rules for transactions travelling across the hub interface, may vary within the scope of the invention. For example, in one embodiment, the hub interface implements the ordering rules provided in Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) (Revision 2.2) to determine the flow of traffic across the hub interface in opposite directions. PROTOCOL LAYER In one embodiment, the hub interface uses a packet-based protocol with two types of packets: request and completion. A request packet is used for each hub interface transaction. Completion packets are used where required, for example, to return read data, or to;acknowledge completion of certain types of write transactions (e.g., I/O writes and memory writes with requested completion). Completion packets arc associated with their corresponding request packets by transaction descriptors and ordering, as previously discussed in the section on the Transaction Layer. In addition, in one embodiment, the hub interface uses an arbitration protocol that is symmetric and distributed. For example, each hub agent drives a request signal, which is observed by the other agent attached to the same interface. No grant signal is used, and agents determine ownership of the interface independently. Moreover, in one embodiment, no explicit framing signal is used. There is an implied relationship between the arbitration event that gives an agent ownership of the interface and the start of that agent's transmission. In alternative embodiment, framing signals could be used without departing from the scope of the invention. The end of a packet transmission occurs when a hub interface agent that owns the interface (e.g., is in the process of transmitting data), releases its control of the interface by de-asserting a request signal. In addition, in one embodiment, flow control is also accomplished by using a STOP signal to retry or disconnect packets, as is described in more detail below. Packet Definition In one embodiment of the hub interface, data is transferred at a multiple rate (e.g., lx, 4x, 8x) of the hub interface clock (HLCK), which in one embodiment is a common clock shared by the hub agents joined by the hub interface. The data is transmitted across a data signal path (PD) of the hub interface, which has an "interface width" of some power of two (e.g.. 8. 16. 24. 32.) As a result, the hub interface may have varying data transfer granularities (i.e., transfer widths), depending upon the transfer rate and the width of the data signal path. For example, in the case of an eight-bit interface width in 4x mode, the transfer width is 32 bits per HLCK. As a result, by varying the transfer rate and/or the interface width of the data signal path, the transfer width (i.e., number of bytes transferred per HLCK) can be scaled. In addition, in one embodiment, packets may be larger than the transfer widths. As a result, the packets are transmitted in multiple sections (i.e., packet widths.) In one embodiment, the packets are divided into packet. widths the size of double words (32 bits). In the case of a 32 bit transfer width, the bytes of a packet width are presented on the interface starting with the least significant byte (byte 0) and finishing with the.most significant byte (byte 3), as shown below in Table 2. In the case of a 64 bit transfer width (e.g., a sixteen bit wide interface in 4x mode) the less significant double-word (packet widlh) is transferred on the lower bytes of the data signal (e.g., PD [0:7]) and the more significant double-word is transferred in parallel on the. upper bytes of the data signal (e.g., PD [15:8]). The two examples are shown below in table 2. Table 2 Byte Transmission Order for 8 and 16 Bit Interface Widths The Protocol Layer of the hub interface is also responsible for framing the data. As such, the framing rules implemented by the hub interface define how to map one or more packet widths onto a set of transfer widths. To simplify the parsing of packets into packet widths, in one embodiment of the hub interface, the following three framing rules are implemented: a header section of a packet starts on the first byte of a transfer width; a data section of a packet (if present) starts on the first byte of a transfer width; and a packet occupies an integral number of transfer widths. Any available transfer widths not consumed by a packet may be filled with a bogus double word (DW) transmission, and will be ignored by the receiving hub agent. In alternative embodiments, more, less, and/or different framing rules may be used by the hub interface within the scope of the present invention. Tabic 3 and Table 4 set forth below, illustrate examples of the framing rules given above for the case of a 64 bit transfer width. Table 3 Request using 32 Bit Addressing and Containing Three Double-words of Data Oth Byte 3rd Byta 2nd Byle First Byte oth Byte 3rd 3yle 2nd Byle First Byte Transmitted Transmitted Transmitted Transmitted Transmitted Transmitted Transmitted Transmitted onPD[15:8) on PD(15:8) onPD(15:8) on PD[l5:8] on PD|7:0] on PD|7:0] on PD|7:0] on PD[7:O] | Byte 7 | Byte 6 | Byte 5 | Byte 4 | Byte 3 | Byte 2 | Byte 1 | Byte 0 | Address (32b) Request Header Second OW of Oata First DW of Oata {Bogus DW) Third OW of Oata Jill Table 4 Request using 64 Bit Addressing and Containing Three Double-words of Data 4th 8yte 3rd Byle 2nd Byte First Byte 4th Byte 3rd Byte 2nd Byte First Byte Transmitted Transmitted Transmitted Transmitted Transmitted Transmitted Transmitted Transmitted on PD(15.B] on PD{lS:8l on PD(15:8] on PD[15:8] on PD(7:0] on PD(7:0] on PD[7:0] on PD[7.0] I Byte 7 I Byte 6 I Byte 5 I Byte 4 | Byte 3 I Byte 2 { Byte 1 I Byte 0 l Address (31:2) Request Header (Bogus DW} Address (63:32) ; Second DW of Data First DW of Data (Bogus DW} Third DW of Data #

Documents

Application Documents

# Name Date
1 abstract1.jpg 2018-08-08
1 in-pct-2002-00442-mum-form 5(10-04-2002).pdf 2002-04-10
2 IN-PCT-2002-00442-MUM-FORM 13(15-9-2009).pdf 2018-08-08
2 in-pct-2002-00442-mum-form 3(10-04-2002).pdf 2002-04-10
3 IN-PCT-2002-00442-MUM-FORM 13-14-08-2007.pdf 2007-08-14
3 in-pct-2002-00442-mum-form 1(10-04-2002).pdf 2002-04-10
4 in-pct-2002-00442-mum-form 19(15-03-2004).pdf 2004-03-15
4 in-pct-2002-00442-mum-correspondence(ipo)-(16-03-2007).pdf 2007-03-16
5 in-pct-2002-00442-mum-form 19(16-03-2004).pdf 2004-03-16
5 in-pct-2002-00442-mum-cancelled pages(20-04-2005).pdf 2005-04-20
6 in-pct-2002-00442-mum-form-pct-isa-210(07-05-2004).pdf 2004-05-07
7 in-pct-2002-00442-mum-form-pct-ipea-409(07-05-2004).pdf 2004-05-07
7 in-pct-2002-00442-mum-claims(granted)-(20-04-2005).pdf 2005-04-20
8 in-pct-2002-00442-mum-power of authority(20-04-2005).pdf 2005-04-20
8 in-pct-2002-00442-mum-correspondence(20-04-2005).pdf 2005-04-20
9 in-pct-2002-00442-mum-drawing(20-04-2005).pdf 2005-04-20
9 in-pct-2002-00442-mum-petition under rule 138(20-04-2005).pdf 2005-04-20
10 in-pct-2002-00442-mum-form 1a(20-04-2005).pdf 2005-04-20
10 in-pct-2002-00442-mum-petition under rule 137(20-04-2005).pdf 2005-04-20
11 in-pct-2002-00442-mum-form 3(20-04-2005).pdf 2005-04-20
12 in-pct-2002-00442-mum-form 2(granted)-(20-04-2005).pdf 2005-04-20
13 in-pct-2002-00442-mum-form 3(20-04-2005).pdf 2005-04-20
14 in-pct-2002-00442-mum-form 1a(20-04-2005).pdf 2005-04-20
14 in-pct-2002-00442-mum-petition under rule 137(20-04-2005).pdf 2005-04-20
15 in-pct-2002-00442-mum-drawing(20-04-2005).pdf 2005-04-20
15 in-pct-2002-00442-mum-petition under rule 138(20-04-2005).pdf 2005-04-20
16 in-pct-2002-00442-mum-correspondence(20-04-2005).pdf 2005-04-20
16 in-pct-2002-00442-mum-power of authority(20-04-2005).pdf 2005-04-20
17 in-pct-2002-00442-mum-claims(granted)-(20-04-2005).pdf 2005-04-20
17 in-pct-2002-00442-mum-form-pct-ipea-409(07-05-2004).pdf 2004-05-07
18 in-pct-2002-00442-mum-form-pct-isa-210(07-05-2004).pdf 2004-05-07
19 in-pct-2002-00442-mum-cancelled pages(20-04-2005).pdf 2005-04-20
19 in-pct-2002-00442-mum-form 19(16-03-2004).pdf 2004-03-16
20 in-pct-2002-00442-mum-form 19(15-03-2004).pdf 2004-03-15
20 in-pct-2002-00442-mum-correspondence(ipo)-(16-03-2007).pdf 2007-03-16
21 IN-PCT-2002-00442-MUM-FORM 13-14-08-2007.pdf 2007-08-14
21 in-pct-2002-00442-mum-form 1(10-04-2002).pdf 2002-04-10
22 in-pct-2002-00442-mum-form 3(10-04-2002).pdf 2002-04-10
22 IN-PCT-2002-00442-MUM-FORM 13(15-9-2009).pdf 2018-08-08
23 in-pct-2002-00442-mum-form 5(10-04-2002).pdf 2002-04-10
23 abstract1.jpg 2018-08-08

ERegister / Renewals

3rd: 22 Feb 2008

From 27/09/2002 - To 27/09/2003

4th: 22 Feb 2008

From 27/09/2003 - To 27/09/2004

5th: 22 Feb 2008

From 27/09/2004 - To 27/09/2005

6th: 22 Feb 2008

From 27/09/2005 - To 27/09/2006

7th: 22 Feb 2008

From 27/09/2006 - To 27/09/2007

8th: 22 Feb 2008

From 27/09/2007 - To 27/09/2008

9th: 22 Feb 2008

From 27/09/2008 - To 27/09/2009