Description:FORM 2
THE PATENTS ACT, 1970
(39 of 1970)
&
The Patent Rules, 2003
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
(See sections 10 & rule 13)
1. TITLE OF THE INVENTION
A COST EFFECTIVE RETROFITTING DRIVE BY WIRE KIT FOR AUTONOMOUS ELECTRIC VEHICLES
2. APPLICANT (S)
S. No. NAME NATIONALITY ADDRESS
1 NMICPS Technology Innovation Hub On Autonomous Navigation Foundation IN C/o Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, Telangana– 502284, India.
2 Indian Institute Of Technology Hyderabad IN Kandi, Sangareddy, Telangana– 502284, India.
3. PREAMBLE TO THE DESCRIPTION
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION

The following specification particularly describes the invention and the manner in which it is to be performed.

FIELD OF INVENTION:
[001] The present invention relates to the field of electric vehicles. The present invention in particular relates to a cost effective retrofitting drive by wire kit/ system for autonomous electric vehicles.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RELATED ART:
[002] Drive-by-wire (DBW) technology is rooted in the evolution of automotive control systems, transitioning from traditional mechanical linkages to electronic systems. The term "drive-by-wire" signifies the replacement of conventional mechanical connections to electronic sensors and actuators. This shift has been driven by the need for improved vehicle performance, safety, and the integration of advanced technologies as follows:
[003] Integration of Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS):
[004] The demand for advanced safety features and driver assistance systems has grown significantly. Drive-by-wire facilitates the seamless integration of technologies such as adaptive cruise control, lane-keeping assistance, and automatic emergency braking.
[005] Autonomous Driving Development:
[006] As the automotive industry moves towards autonomous driving, the need for sophisticated control systems becomes paramount. Drive-by-wire systems serve as a foundational technology for autonomous vehicles, enabling precise and rapid control adjustments based on sensor inputs and computing algorithms accurately.
[007] By eliminating the need for physical connections between the driver interface and vehicle components, drive-by-wire systems offer greater flexibility in vehicle design. This flexibility allows for more innovative and efficient packaging of components within the vehicle.
[008] Drive-by-wire technology are substantial, challenges such as cyber security, redundancy, and reliability have emerged, requiring careful consideration and technological solutions. Nevertheless, the continued development and adoption of drive-by-wire systems are instrumental in shaping the future of automotive technology, paving the way for safer, more efficient, and technologically advanced vehicles.
[009] Reference may be made to the following:
[010] Publication No. US2004143379 relates to a driver control input device includes a support post and a steering ring rotatably supported with respect to the support post. A steering transducer is operatively connected between the steering ring and support post to convert mechanical rotation of the steering ring into non-mechanical steering control signals to be sent to a steer-by-wire system. A braking ring and acceleration ring may also be provided for generating non-mechanical braking and acceleration control signals.
[011] Publication No. EP1332941 relates to a drive-by wire steering system comprising a steering shaft and a steering wheel return mechanism. The steeling shaft comprises a first geared portion and a first end, where the first end is connectable to a vehicle's steering wheel. The steering wheel return mechanism comprises a torsion spring and a second geared portion. The first geared portion and the second geared portion are operatively engaged such that a first angular displacement of the steering shaft about a first axis imparts a second angular displacement about a second axis to the steering wheel return mechanism. The torsion spring is configured to generate a returning torque on the steering wheel return mechanism upon the second angular displacement of the steering wheel return mechanism. The returning torque has a direction opposite the first angular displacement, and is proportional to the second angular displacement.
[012] Publication No. US2023219617 relates to a steering control device is applied to a steer-by-wire system in which a steering mechanism and a turning mechanism are mechanically separated. The steering control device applied to the steer-by-wire system controls a drive of a steering motor that functions as a reaction motor that applies reaction torque to a steering wheel. A steering wheel lock calculating unit of the steering control device performs a steering wheel lock drive control for calculating a drive command so as to output a lock torque for maintaining a rotation stop state of the steering wheel by energizing the steering motor when a predetermined condition is satisfied while a vehicle is parked or stopped. A power converter converts power supply electric power according to the drive command calculated by the steering wheel lock calculating unit and supplies the electric power to the steering motor.
[013] Publication No. CN116176688 relates to a vehicle steer-by-wire device based on an axial power-assisted electric drive unit, and relates to the technical field of steering of automobiles and non-road vehicles, and the device comprises the axial power-assisted electric drive unit which comprises a motor; the motor comprises a motor rotor and a motor stator; the two ends of the lead screw are correspondingly provided with two steering inner ball joints; the two steering inner ball joints are hinged to two steering pull rods of the corresponding vehicle. The transmission mechanism is in transmission connection with the lead screw; the transmission mechanism is fixedly connected with the motor rotor; and the transmission mechanism is used for converting torque provided by the motor rotor into axial force for the lead screw. The invention further provides a vehicle steer-by-wire control method based on the axial power-assisted electric drive unit. The system is stable in work and high in fault tolerance, and the installation space is reduced.
[014] Publication No. CN116107310 relates to a control system of an intelligent auxiliary driving electric sightseeing vehicle. The control system comprises a whole vehicle controller, a motor controller, an auxiliary driving module, a voice prompt module, a light control module, a drive-by-wire brake module, a drive-by-wire steering module, a drive-by-wire driving module and a navigation module. The motor controller, the auxiliary driving module, the voice prompt module, the light control module, the drive-by-wire brake module, the drive-by-wire steering module, the drive-by-wire driving module and the navigation module are respectively connected with the vehicle control unit. According to the technical scheme, the problems that a traditional sightseeing vehicle is low in intelligent degree and a driver feels tired in operation can be solved, and meanwhile compared with an automatic driving sightseeing vehicle, the sightseeing vehicle is lower in cost and beneficial to rapid market popularization.
[015] Publication No. CN115709725 relates to a multi-axle new energy vehicle drive-by-wire chassis redundancy control system and method and a new energy vehicle, and relates to the technical field of automatic driving automobiles. According to the failure number of the driving shafts, four shafts of the whole vehicle are adjusted to work 12 * 8, three shafts of the whole vehicle are adjusted to work 12 * 6, two shafts of the whole vehicle are adjusted to work 12 * 4 and one shaft of the whole vehicle is adjusted to work 12 * 2, and torque instructions of the driving shafts in the working state are adjusted in real time to respond to an acceleration request of an automatic driving system; braking force is generated by applying torque opposite to the rotating speed direction to the driving motor currently in the working state, and kinetic energy is converted into electric energy to be stored in the power battery. Differential torque steering is achieved by controlling the torque difference of the two wheel-side motors on the same shaft. Through redundant control of driving, braking, steering and parking, function backup of the drive-by-wire chassis is achieved, and the safety of the whole vehicle is improved.
[016] Publication No. CN115489247 relates to an integral drive-by-wire electric chassis which comprises a walking system, a braking system, a steering system, a power system, an electrical system and a hydraulic system. The braking system adopts four-wheel oil brake braking and adopts line control braking under the intelligent driving condition, and an electromagnetic band-type brake is used for parking; the front axle is a mechanical electric power-assisted steering axle, the rear axle is a driving hydraulic power-assisted steering axle, four-wheel steering can be achieved, split type battery design is adopted in a power system, a battery cell is located in the middle of a girder, and battery management systems (BMS) are located on the two sides of a frame. The chassis of the whole machine is suspended and damped, driving is comfortable, brake-by-wire is stable and reliable, four-wheel steering is flexible, a split battery pack is adopted, maintenance is convenient, and seamless switching between manned driving and intelligent driving can be achieved.
[017] Publication No. US2023001983 relates to a steer-by-wire steering system for a vehicle, including: an operating member operable by a driver; a dual-system steering device including two systems each of which includes an electric motor as a drive source, the steering device being configured to steer a wheel; and a controller configured to control a current to be supplied to each of the electric motors of the respective two systems so as to cause the steering device to steer the wheel in accordance with an operation of the operating member, wherein the controller is configured to prohibit the current greater than an upper limit value from being supplied to the electric motors of the respective two systems, and wherein, when the wheel is steered only by only one of the two systems, the controller raises the upper limit value of the current to be supplied to the electric motor of the one of the two systems.
[018] Publication No. CN115556738 relates to a drive-by-wire chassis based on an area control framework and an electric vehicle, the drive-by-wire chassis is applied to a new energy electric commercial vehicle, and a microcontroller is arranged in the new energy electric commercial vehicle; the microcontroller is at least used for cooperatively controlling a transmission system, a driving system, a steering system and a braking system of the electric vehicle; the microcontroller controls the gear shifting mode according to the vehicle condition and the instruction priority based on the control instruction of each system in the chassis domain system; the microcontroller performs steering processing on a vehicle condition and a steering instruction; the microcontroller carries out braking processing on the vehicle according to the vehicle operation condition, the gradient information and the like.
[019] Publication No. CN115503813 relates to an electric power steering device and a vehicle with the electric power steering device, and the electric power steering device comprises two electric power steering parts and a drive-by-wire part; the two electric power steering parts are symmetrical relative to the first direction, the output ends of the two electric power steering parts are coaxially arranged in the second direction perpendicular to the first direction, and the drive-by-wire part is in communication connection with the two electric power steering parts; the drive-by-wire part is configured to send a steering control signal, the input end of the electric power steering part is configured to rotate according to the obtained steering control signal, and the output end of the electric power steering part is configured to move in the second direction. Pure electric steering can be achieved, and the method adapts to light-weight and flexible automatic driving steering control of the front independent suspension.
[020] Publication No. CN217969645 relates to a drive-by-wire 180-degree large-rotation-angle drive-by-wire direct-drive suspension walking mechanism for a drive-by-wire chassis vehicle, and relates to the technical field of electric control trolleys. Comprising a drive-by-wire chassis vehicle platform, wheels are arranged on the two sides of the drive-by-wire chassis vehicle platform respectively, and the wheels are connected with the drive-by-wire chassis vehicle platform through drive-by-wire direct-drive suspensions; a connecting seat is fixedly arranged at the upper end of the drive-by-wire direct-drive suspension, and the drive-by-wire direct-drive suspension is rotationally connected with the drive-by-wire chassis truck platform through the connecting seat at the upper end; the upper ends of the connecting bases are connected with driven gears, each driven gear corresponds to a driving gear rotationally installed on the drive-by-wire chassis vehicle platform, the driving gears are meshed with the corresponding driven gears, and each driving gear further corresponds to a steering driver. The tail end of the steering driver is hinged to the drive-by-wire chassis vehicle platform, and the telescopic end of the steering driver is eccentrically hinged to the driving gear. The wheels can rotate from the transverse state to the longitudinal state, and the walking direction can be changed in a narrow environment so as to adapt to operation in a complex working environment.
[021] Publication No. CN217945312 relates to the redundant steering system of the drive-by-wire wide-body dumper comprises an unmanned driving module and a redundant steering module, and the unmanned driving module comprises an ADU automatic driving controller, a VCU vehicle control unit, a TCU gearbox controller, an ECU engine controller, an EBS electronic brake, an EPB electronic parking, an EPS electronic steering and a BCM vehicle body controller; the redundant steering module comprises an RVCU redundant vehicle control unit, an electric hydraulic proportional valve set and a mounting plate, the RVCU redundant vehicle control unit is electrically connected with the ADU automatic driving controller, the electric hydraulic proportional valve set is connected with two steering oil cylinders, and the two steering oil cylinders are connected with a left steering wheel and a right steering wheel respectively.
[022] Publication No. US2022363303 relates to an electric vehicle with vehicle control systems that are packaged within a specific form factor for improved modularity within the vehicle compartment. Many embodiments incorporate both the steering and braking systems within the said form factor and such systems are connected to other systems of the vehicle by way of electrical connections, thereby controlling the movement of the vehicle in a drive by wire system.
[023] Publication No. CN115303358 relates to a distributed drive-by-wire chassis, a control method and a new energy electric vehicle. The distributed drive-by-wire chassis comprises a chassis framework, a sensor module, a distributed drive-by-wire driving system, a front-rear axis steering system, a double-axis cooperative control brake-by-wire system and a chassis domain controller; wherein the chassis domain controller is used for intensively controlling the torque output by each hub motor, each drive-by-wire air suspension, the first motor steering gear, the second motor steering gear, the first drive-by-wire brake and the second drive-by-wire brake.
[024] Publication No. CN115179705 relates to a full-vector drive-by-wire chassis coordination control system which comprises a main controller, a sub-controller, a detection module, a suspension module and a driving module, the sub-controller, the detection module, the suspension module and the driving module are connected with the main controller, and the main controller is responsible for regulating and controlling power distribution of a chassis and dynamic coordination of four electric wheels; the sub-controller can independently control steering and braking of a single electric wheel. The coordinated control system for the full-vector drive-by-wire chassis has the beneficial effects that the main controller can clean and process road conditions fed back by the detection module, then a road condition model is produced, the sub-controller, the suspension module and the driving module are matched, hubs of an automobile can be adjusted in advance when encountering corresponding road conditions, and the driving efficiency of the automobile is improved.
[025] Publication No. CN115009199 relates to a full-drive-by-wire sliding plate type chassis system of an electric automobile, a frame of the full-drive-by-wire sliding plate type chassis system is a sliding plate-shaped rigid frame, and a suspension mechanism, a steering mechanism, a braking mechanism and a power system of the electric automobile are respectively mounted on the frame; all the systems are connected with a whole vehicle control unit through a CAN bus, and information interaction and integrated control of all the mechanisms on the chassis are achieved.
[026] Patent No. US7798122 relates to a drive-by-wire throttle control apparatus and method includes a variable resistance sensor. A contact arm can be mechanically connected between a thumb lever and a variable resistance sensor. The variable resistance sensor possesses a resistive film that includes a fixed resistor and a variable resistor configured from a carbon film. As the thumb lever rotates, the contact arm traverses the resistive film, thereby altering the resistance of the variable resistor, determining the position of the thumb lever and thereafter generating a signal based on the sensed position.
[027] Patent No. US9919732 relates to a steer-by-wire assembly for a steering system in a vehicle is described. The system includes a shaft rotatable in response to a steering input, a clutch that includes a brake member rotatable with the shaft and a reaction member, and an electromagnetic actuator that is selectively actuated to selectively provide a force to selectively engage the brake and reaction members.
[028] Publication No. EP3213990 relates to a method of retrofitting a mechanically controlled aircraft with a fly-by-wire system includes removing a plurality of mechanical links between a plurality of mechanical pilot inputs and a plurality of actuators operable to drive flight surfaces. A plurality of vehicle management computers is installed in the aircraft. Electromechanical actuators are coupled between the vehicle management computers and the actuators, where each of the electromechanical actuators is operable to receive commands from the vehicle management computers and output a mechanical force to an input linkage of one of the actuators.
[029] Publication No. CN114701565 relates to a four-wheel steering independent wheel steering driving device and a control method thereof. Comprising an angle sensor assembly, a worm gear reducer, an electric output shaft assembly, an integrally designed motor and a controller of the motor. Wherein the electric output shaft assembly is provided with an electric output shaft and a steering input shaft; a body of the steering angle sensor assembly is fixedly connected with the steering gear shell, and a rotor of the steering angle sensor assembly is fixedly connected with the electric output shaft; a worm of the worm gear reducer is connected with an output shaft of the motor; and a worm gear of the worm gear reducer is fixedly connected with the electric output shaft.
[030] Publication No. CN114670917 relates to a manual and drive-by-wire double-control steering system for a vehicle and a control method of the manual and drive-by-wire double-control steering system. Comprising a storage battery, a whole vehicle controller, a mode switching switch, a power battery, a four-in-one controller, an automatic driving module, a remote control device, a steering wheel angle sensor, a steering wheel, a steering column, a steering oil tank, an electric steering pump, a high-pressure filter, a priority valve, a steering gear, a proportional electromagnetic valve, a four-way connector, a steering axle, a first angle sensor and a first steering oil cylinder. A steering drive axle, a second angle sensor and a second steering oil cylinder; the steering control function of the vehicle in multiple control modes is achieved, the vehicle can be controlled to steer through a manual steering wheel and can be controlled to steer through manual remote control, and large-angle steering and small-angle correction straight running based on a preset running route can be achieved in an automatic driving mode; and two steering modes of single-shaft deflection wheel steering and two-shaft wheel simultaneous deflection steering are achieved, and the vehicle operation requirement is met.
[031] Publication No. CN216546356 relates to the four electric power-assisted steering gears are adopted to control the four wheels to rotate respectively, the turning radius of the chassis is smaller during low-speed operation, the turning stability of the chassis is higher during high-speed operation, and compared with a traditional hydraulic power-assisted steering gear structure, the electric power-assisted steering gears are smaller in occupied space, smaller in turning radius and simpler in structure.
[032] Publication No. CN216507768 relates to the drive-by-wire chassis with the cargo tank capable of automatically landing and lifting, the rear axle suspension is embedded in the frame, the occupied space is small, the cargo tank is installed in the unoccupied space, the gravity center of the cargo tank is lowered, cargo loading and unloading of the cargo tank are convenient, and the cargo tank is convenient to replace. A drive-by-wire chassis with a container capable of automatically landing and lifting comprises a frame, a front axle suspension is arranged at the front end of the frame, and a rear axle suspension is arranged at the rear end of the frame; a motor electric control system, a cooling system, a battery system, a steering-by-wire system, a brake-by-wire system and a vehicle control unit (VCU) are arranged on the frame.
[033] Publication No. CN113997780 relates to a drive-by-wire chassis based on a self-redundancy integrated wheel module and a control method of the drive-by-wire chassis, and relates to the field of drive-by-wire chassis control. The drive-by-wire chassis comprises a vehicle frame; multiple self-redundancy integrated wheel modules installed on the two sides of the vehicle frame correspondingly and used for installing tires; and a control module and a function module, wherein the function module is used for monitoring vehicle state parameters, and is used for realizing data interaction between a monitoring signal and the controller and electric energy supply; the control module is used for the operation and redundancy control of the self-redundancy integrated wheel modules and chassis coordination control based on actuator saturation, working reliability and optimal energy consumption. Through the mutual driving backup of a steering-by-wire subsystem and a brake-by-wire subsystem, the working reliability of the self-redundancy integrated wheel module is guaranteed, and the unsprung mass of a vehicle is reduced by arranging part of mechanisms in the multiple self-redundancy integrated wheel modules on the vehicle frame.
[034] Publication No. CN113978476 relates to a drive-by-wire automobile tire lateral force estimation method considering sensor data loss, wherein the method comprises the steps that: firstly, a front wheel steering angle, a longitudinal speed, a side slip angle, a longitudinal acceleration signal and a transverse acceleration signal with partial measurement data loss are acquired by utilizing an electric automobile vehicle-mounted sensor; and longitudinal driving force information of a tire is obtained through a CAN bus in a drive-by-wire system, the information is combined with a nonlinear vehicle model, the lateral force of the tire is estimated through a prior estimation method and a posterior updating method, and accurate obtaining of the lateral force of the tire is achieved.
[035] Publication No. CN214985621 relates to a driver seat is fixedly installed on the upper end face of a frame, an electric steering column module assembly is installed on the frame through a damping cushion and located below the driver seat, and the electric steering column module assembly is connected with a double-axle steering front axle at the bottom of the frame through a spline shaft; the steering column supporting and fixing base is located in front of a driver seat and fixedly connected with a vehicle frame, and the change-over switch and the drive-by-wire steering wheel module assembly are fixedly connected to the upper end face of the steering column supporting and fixing base through fasteners.
[036] Publication No. CN214607701 relates to a drive-by-wire redundant steering system with a failure protection function and a control method thereof, the steering system comprises a steering wheel, a steering wheel shaft, a steering tie rod, a left front wheel, a right front wheel, a steering angle torque sensor, an electric control unit, and a steering wheel force sense feedback mechanism comprising a force sense feedback motor and a force sense feedback transmission device; the main steering mechanism comprises a main steering motor and a main steering transmission device; the backup steering mechanism comprises a planetary gear set and a planetary gear set output shaft, the steering wheel shaft is connected with the input end of the planetary gear set, and the planetary gear set output shaft and the steering tie rod are in transmission through a backup steering transmission assembly; the backup steering mechanism further comprises an elastic device and a backup steering driving motor, wherein the elastic device is used for locking and loosening a gear ring of the planetary gear set.
[037] Publication No. CN213974163 relates to a drive-by-wire chassis for installing a wheel-side motor system, which comprises a chassis frame, a main control module, and a steering device and a driving device which are electrically connected with the main control module, the steering device is connected with the chassis frame; the steering device is suitable for collecting a steering angle and sending the steering angle to the main control module; the driving device is arranged on the chassis frame, and the driving device is connected with two front wheels on the chassis frame; the main control module is suitable for controlling the driving device to drive the two front wheels on the chassis frame to steer according to the steering angle so that the chassis frame can steer, electric control over steering of the vehicle is achieved, response is sensitive, and control is accurate.
[038] Publication No. CN213768790 relates to an intelligent drive-by-wire vehicle chassis, which comprises a frame, a front axle assembly, a rear axle driving assembly and an electric control unit, and the frame comprises a cross beam, a longitudinal beam, a vertical beam, a lower support arm mounting bracket, a steering engine mounting seat, a shock absorber mounting bracket, a brake master cylinder mounting bracket, a battery mounting bracket, a controller mounting bracket and a control panel; the utility model relates to the technical field of intelligent vehicles.
[039] Publication No. CN113104101 relates to an universal modular steer-by-wire control mechanism. A driver seat is fixedly installed on the upper end face of a frame, an electric steering column module assembly is installed on the frame through a damping cushion and located below the driver seat, and the electric steering column module assembly is connected with a double-axle steering front axle at the bottom of the frame through a spline shaft; a steering column supporting and fixing base is located in front of the driver seat and fixedly connected with a vehicle frame, and a change-over switch and the drive-by-wire steering wheel module assembly are fixedly connected to the upper end face of the steering column supporting and fixing base through fasteners; a damping cushion is used for absorbing impact force in the steering process; a front double-axle steering part 5 supports the weight of the whole machine and realizes the steering and walking of the whole machine; the drive-by-wire steering wheel module assembly is used for converting the steering action of a driver into a signal from mechanical steering and outputting the signal to the electric steering column module assembly, and the electric steering column module assembly provides control and drives the steering movement of the double-axle steering front axle. The steering assembly connecting parts are reduced, the axial length of the steering mechanism is shortened, and the assembly precision requirement is lowered.
[040] Publication No. CN112977605 relates to a drive-by-wire full-hydraulic steering system for an unmanned mining vehicle. A laser radar sensor, an angle sensor and a torque and angle sensor are connected to an electronic control unit, the electronic control unit, the electronic control unit is connected with a drive-by-wire steering motor, and the drive-by-wire steering motor is connected with the full-hydraulic steering system; the laser radar sensor is arranged at the front end of the frame, front obstacles in the running process of the vehicle are recognized through the laser radar sensor, the laser radar sensor transmits sensed position information and obstacle information to the electronic control unit, and the electronic control unit controls the steering motor to adjust the steering angle. The adjustment of a driving route and the avoidance of obstacles are realized; the torque and angle sensor is arranged on the steering column of the full-hydraulic steering system; the torque and angle sensor collects the rotation angle and torque of a steering wheel, and the angle sensor is arranged on a vehicle front axle close to wheels, converts the rotation angle of the wheels in the driving direction into an electric quantity signal and transmits the electric quantity signal to the electronic control unit.
[041] Publication No. CN112874628 relates to a drive-by-wire redundant steering system with a failure protection function and a control method of the system, and the steering system comprises a steering wheel, a steering wheel shaft, a steering tie rod, a left front wheel, a right front wheel, a steering angle torque sensor, an electric control unit, a steering wheel force sense feedback mechanism which comprises a force sense feedback motor and a force sense feedback transmission device; a main steering mechanism which comprises a main steering motor and a main steering transmission device; and a backup steering mechanism which comprises a planetary gear set and a planetary gear set output shaft. The steering wheel shaft is connected with the input end of the planetary gear set, and the planetary gear set output shaft and the steering tie rod are in transmission through a backup steering transmission assembly; and the backup steering mechanism further comprises an elastic device and a backup steering driving motor, wherein the elastic device is used for locking and loosening a gear ring of the planetary gear set. Vehicle steering under the condition that the main steering mechanism breaks down and loses efficacy is achieved through the backup steering mechanism, the structure is simpler, functions are richer, and control is more sensitive.
[042] Publication No. CN112677903 relates to an intelligent driving drive-by-wire chassis control system and control method for a new energy commercial vehicle, relates to the field of new energy vehicle design, and solves the problem of control by simulating related actions of a driver in the prior art. In order to solve the problems of high modification cost, complex structure, large potential safety hazard, poor adaptability and the like in the prior art, an intelligent driving control module communicates with an EPS, an EPB, an SCU/TCU, a VCU, an IC, an EBS and a BCM through a CAN bus, and the CAN bus adopts a standard SPN protocol specified by SAEJ1939-71. The control method comprises the steps of controlling an engine accelerator, controlling gears of a gearbox, controlling a brake system, controlling steering and controlling a chassis electric appliance.
[043] Publication No. US2021107573 relates to Steering is used to augment the CMG-based balance control of a two-wheeled vehicle, e.g., a bicycle, electric bicycle (“ebike”), scooter, electric scooter, moped, or motorcycle. A control architecture enables a two wheeled vehicle with simultaneously or alternating mechatronic attitude control systems to balance autonomously at rest or while dynamically driven with mechatronic command.
[044] Publication No. CN111746305 relates to an energy-saving control method and system for a drive-by-wire four-wheel drive hub motor electric vehicle. The method comprises the steps of obtaining the longitudinal speed and front wheel steering angle of the vehicle in a driving state through detection, combining a two-degree-of-freedom vehicle reference model, and obtaining an ideal side slip angle and an ideal yaw velocity through calculation; according to the mass center slip angle difference value and the yaw velocity difference value, calculating the additional yaw moment needed by stabilization of the whole vehicle ; calculating an ideal torque corresponding to each hub motor according to the additional yawing moment, and calculating an ideal driving power output value according to the ideal torque corresponding to each hub motor; and calculating a corresponding actual driving power output value, and setting a power difference value between the actual driving power output value and the ideal driving power output value in a preset range to realize energy-saving control.
[045] Publication No. CN211184033 relates to a photography tool car based on an intelligent drive-by-wire chassis. The system comprises a camera, an intelligent drive-by-wire chassis, an X-axis driving mechanism, a Z-axis driving mechanism, an X-axis electric steering engine, a Y-axis electric steering engine, a Z-axis electric steering engine and a cradle head, a vehicle control unit and a signal receiver are mounted on the intelligent drive-by-wire chassis; the signal receiver is used for receiving a control signal sent by an external remote controller and sending the received control signal to the whole vehicle controller, and the whole vehicle controller controls the intelligent drive-by-wire chassis, the X-axis driving mechanism, the Z-axis driving mechanism, the X-axis electric steering engine, the Y-axis electric steering engine and the Z-axis electric steering engine to be started and operated.
[046] Publication No. CN111814258 relates to a design method for the transmission ratio of a steer-by-wire system of a four-wheel independent electric drive vehicle; aiming at the technical problems existing in the existing similar design, the influence of yaw velocity gain and lateral acceleration gain on the steering stability is considered in the high-speed transmission ratio design, a solution changing along with the vehicle speed is provided for the weight coefficient in the transmission ratio, therefore, the designed steering transmission ratio can obviously reduce the yaw velocity and the lateral acceleration of the vehicle during high-speed turning, the anti-overturning stability and the curve tracking capacity of the vehicle are improved, on one hand, the difficulty of driving the vehicle can be reduced, and on the other hand, the adaptability of vehicle stability control can be improved.
[047] Publication No. CN210912304 relates to a drive-by-wire chassis system of an unmanned vehicle. The drive-by-wire chassis system is characterized by comprising a chassis frame, a suspension system, a battery system, an electric control system, a four-wheel independent driving system, a domain controller CDM, a drive-by-wire service braking device, a drive-by-wire electronic parking device and a drive-by-wire four-wheel independent steering device. The novel drive-by-wire chassis system is simple and reliable in structure, high in control precision, good in passing performance, high in efficiency, convenient to maintain and capable of providing a reliable drive-by-wire chassis system for the unmanned vehicle, and bidirectional driving in the front-back direction can be achieved.
[048] Publication No. CN111301516 relates to a drive-by-wire power-assisted steering refitting method for changing hub motor drive of an electric vehicle, and relates to the technical field of electric vehicles. The method involves a steering wheel, a steering wheel angle sensor, a torque sensor, an additionally-mounted power-assisted motor, a steering wheel stand column clutch, tires, an original power-assisted motor, a distributed drive-by-wire steering ECU, an original vehicle power-assisted steering ECU and a CAN signal circuit, the power-assisted motor is additionally arranged to directly apply power-assisted torque to the steering column through a worm and gear mechanism under the control of the distributed driving steer-by-wire ECU, and the original power-assisted motor directly applies power-assisted torque to a tie rod through the gear and rack mechanism under the control of the original vehicle power-assisted steering ECU.
[049] Publication No. CN210707598 relates to an automobile automatic steering mechanism and a pilotless automobile comprising the same. Wherein the automobile automatic steering mechanism is connected with the automobile steering gear; master controller control, the method mainly comprises the following steps, preparing raw materials; the driving assembly is connected with the power supply device; steering unit, a feedback unit and a drive-by-wire controller, wherein the steering unit comprises: a steering unit; clutch and synchronous belt mechanism, a first transmission end of the synchronous belt mechanism is in transmission connection with the driving assembly through a clutch; a second transmission end of the synchronous belt mechanism is in transmission connection with the automobile steering gear; the feedback unit is in transmission connection with the first transmission end of the synchronous belt mechanism so as to obtain steering parameters, and the driving assembly, the feedback unit and the clutch are in control connection with the main controller through the drive-by-wire controller so that the main controller can obtain the steering parameters to intervene in clutch opening and closing control in time so as to switch control over the automobile steering gear between a manual mode and an automatic mode.
[050] Publication No. CN111152835 relates to a drive-by-wire electro-hydraulic steering system based on a double-winding motor and a hybrid control method. The drive-by-wire electro-hydraulic steering system comprises a steering wheel, a steering column assembly, a road sensing assembly, an electric hydraulic power assisting module, a double-winding motor power assisting module, a steering control unit, an electromagnetic clutch, a steering tie rod, a steering trapezoid and steering wheels. Various steering working modes can be switched according to the working condition of a vehicle, the steering requirements under various working conditions are met, the working time of hydraulic power assisting can be shortened through mode switching, and the energy consumption of the steering system is greatly reduced; and the working mode that two sets of windings of the double-winding motor work at the same time is adopted, the motor winding redundancy function is achieved, when one set of windings breaks down, the other set of windings can drive the motor to provide power-assisted torque, the reliability of the steering system is improved, and the running safety of the vehicle is enhanced.
[051] Publication No. CN210047536 relates to the multi-wheel vehicle steering mechanism adopting vector potential telex control, a model controller is connected with a wheel steering shaft through a rotary circumferential or linear guide rail sliding resistance potentiometer telex wire, and all modules of a split type controller are connected through rotary circumferential or linear guide rail sliding resistance potentiometer telex wires, so that the positions of electric brushes correspond to vector potentials in a one-to-one mode; sine and cosine positions of a steering wheel are converted into vector potentials by a linear guide rail sliding resistance potentiometer through first-stage power supply; the mirror phase sine vector potential is used for carrying out secondary power supply on each sliding resistance proportional potentiometer connected with the middle shaft swing rod and the cosine compensation swing rod according to the space proportion; sine proportion distribution is achieved, sine standard potential is output, electric brush monitoring potential feedback linked with the booster is achieved, and after a diode potential balance comparison circuit is used for amplifying a potential difference signal triode, the servo booster is controlled to move in the negative feedback direction till a difference signal is annihilated, and resetting is completed.
[052] Publication No. CN110614967 relates to a drive-by-wire chassis system of an unmanned vehicle. The drive-by-wire chassis system is characterized by comprising a chassis frame, a suspension system, a battery system, an electric control system, a four-wheel independent driving system, a domain controller CDM, a drive-by-wire service braking device, a drive-by-wire electronic parking device and a drive-by-wire four-wheel independent steering device. The novel drive-by-wire chassis system is simple and reliable in structure, high in control precision, good in passing performance, high in efficiency, is convenient to maintain, can provide the reliable drive-by-wire chassis system for the unmanned vehicle, and can achieve the two-way driving in a front-back direction.
[053] Publication No. CN209739147 relates to a multi-mode power-assisted steering system based on steer-by-wire. The multi-mode power-assisted steering system comprises a steering mechanical module, an electric hydraulic power-assisted module, an ECU control module, a rotary switch and a vehicle-mounted sensor. Wherein the five working modes include a drive-by-wire mode, an electro-hydraulic active steering mode, an electro-hydraulic composite active steering mode, an electro-hydraulic steering mode and a mechanical steering mode; according to the system, through switching of multiple modes, the requirements of different driving experiences of a driver can be met, and when the steer-by-wire mode and other modes break down, the safety of the driver can be better guaranteed through mode switching.
[054] Publication No. CN209739155 relates to a drive-by-wire four-wheel active steering electric wheel system. The system comprises a steering wheel, a steering wheel angle sensor, two steering motors, two motor control units, a motor fault detection device, two gear rack type steering gears, two steering tie rods, four wheel and hub motors, a yaw velocity sensor, a vehicle speed sensor, a laser radar, a vehicle-mounted camera and a whole vehicle control unit.
[055] Publication No. CN209606846 relates to an intelligent warehousing vehicle which comprises a vehicle body chassis, stepping motors and wheels are installed at the four corners of the bottom of the vehicle body chassis, and the stepping motors can drive the wheels to rotate. A main controller, a motor control module and a first battery which are sequentially connected through wires are arranged on the vehicle body chassis. A flat plate is fixed to the vehicle body chassis through supports.
[056] Publication No. CN209570352 relates to a drive-by-wire pneumatic brake hardware-in-loop test platform. The test platform is composed of an air source assembly, an electric control brake system, a traditional brake assembly, a wheel speed simulation assembly, a driving control assembly and an upper computer.
[057] Publication No. CN110053660 relates to a wire control steering mechanism for an electric wheel-drive vehicle and a control method of the wire control steering mechanism. The wire control steering mechanism comprises an electric wheel, a steering section, a protrusion, a turbine shaft, a motor seat, a lower transverse arm and a steering motor, wherein a motor shaft is coaxially arranged in the center of the electric wheel, a first connecting hole is formed in the center of the steering section, the motor shaft is arranged in the first connecting hole in a sleeving mode, the protrusion is vertically arranged on the steering section, a second connecting hole is formed in the protrusion, the turbine shaft is vertically fixed in the second connecting hole, the motor seat is arranged on the steering section and can rotate relative to the steering section, one end of the lower transverse arm is connected with a vehicle body, the other end of the lower transverse arm is hinged to the motor seat, the steering motor is arranged on the motor seat, a worm is arranged at an output end of the steering motor, and the worm is engaged with the turbine shaft.
[058] Publication No. CN109969250 relates to a steering wheel with a heating function, comprising a mounting base, one side of the outer wall of the mounting base is connected with a hand grip by bolts, protective leather sleeves are adhered on both sides of the outer wall of the hand grip, a first through hole is formed in one side of the top of the mounting base, and a volume adjusting button is connected with the inside of the first through hole by screws.
[059] Publication No. CN109774786 relates to a multi-mode power-assisted steering system based on drive-by-wire steering and a control method of the system. The system comprises a steering mechanical module, an electric hydraulic power-assisted module, an ECU control module, a rotary switch and a vehicle-mounted sensor, and has five working modes including a wire control mode, an electric hydraulic driving steering mode, an electro-hydraulic composite active steering mode, an electric hydraulic steering mode and a mechanical steering mode. The system can meet requirements of drivers for different driving experiences through switching of various modes, and when the wire control steering mode and other modes are faulty, the safety of the driver can be better guaranteed through mode switching.
[060] Publication No. CN109515512 relates to a drive-by-wire differential steering system for a wheel type independent drive vehicle, the system comprising: an information detection module for detecting various state information of the vehicle; a controller used for judging steering modes according to the various kinds of detected state information of the vehicle, including a steer-by-wire mode and a drive-by-wire differential steering mode, deciding target torque required by each motor, and sending corresponding motor control signals; and a steering execution module used for making a corresponding torque response according to the motor control signal so as to drive the steering mechanism to move and realize differential steering of the electric automobile.
[061] Publication No. CN109435961 relates to an all-drive-by-wire electric vehicle chassis coordination control method based on driver characteristics. The method includes the steps of collecting processing driving behavior parameters and vehicle state direct parameters, estimating vehicle state indirect parameters and road environment parameters, distinguishing the personality characteristics for classifying drivers, calculating longitudinal ideal state parameters and transverse ideal state parameters, conducting personality modifying on the ideal state parameters, distributing personality ideal yaw velocities, calculating the torque of wheels according to the personality longitudinal ideal state parameters and the distributed personality ideal yaw velocities, and calculating the rotating angle of the wheels according to personality side slip angle parameters and distributed personality ideal yaw velocities.
[062] Publication No. CN109017994 relates to a universal wire-controlled chassis for an unmanned vehicle, which adopts wire-controlled driving, braking and steering, and integrates mechanical and electronic control packaging of the chassis, has a plug-and-play function, and has the characteristics of generalization and platform. The universal wire-controlled includes a frame, a drive system mounted on the frame, a steering system and an electrical circuit system, a body enclosed on the frame, and wheels connected to the body through a suspension system. The servo motor provides driving torque and braking torque to the wheels as driving wheels, and the parking brake is realized by the brake lock inside the servo motor. The steering system provides steering torque to the wheels as steering wheels by an electric motor.
[063] Publication No. CN109094640 relates to a steer-by-wire system of wheel-driven electric vehicle includes a steering wheel assembly connected in sequence, The invention also discloses a control method of a steering-by-wire system of a wheel-drive electric vehicle. Firstly, an ideal two-degree-of-freedom vehicle steering dynamic model is constructed, and the relationship between vehicle state parameter yaw angular velocity gain and lateral acceleration gain with the same angular transmission ratio is established. Then design reasonable constant yaw angle gain and constant lateral acceleration gain to determine the angular transmission ratio at different vehicle speeds; At last, the vehicle state parameters yaw angular velocity and mass center sideslip angle are designed as the feedback variables at the same time, The invention solves the problems in the prior art that the mechanical coupling between steering actuators in steering-by-wire does not have independent steering function, the dynamic response ability of steering wheels is slow, and the vehicle handling stability is poor under bad steering conditions.
[064] Publication No. CN108860315 relates to a wheel-drive electric vehicle drive-by-wire chassis structure which comprises a chassis frame. Four single wheel assemblies are arranged at the bottom of the chassis frame and located at four corners of the chassis frame respectively, motor mounting plates cooperating with the single wheel assemblies are arranged at the two ends of the chassis frame respectively, and a wireless charging bearing device and a battery placing area are sequentially arranged between the two motor mounting plates.
[065] Publication No. CN207943007 relates to a novel intelligent network allies oneself with electric automobile based on drive -by -wire chassis, including the vapour driving license body, the internal portion of vapour driving license is equipped with environment perception and information interaction subsystem, executive subsystem, vehicle tracking service system and vehicle control unit, the vehicle control unit link is equipped with the cloud platform, the environment perception includes outer information detection module of car and che nei information detection module with the information interaction subsystem, executive subsystem includes steering -by -wire system, drive -by -wire braking system and drive -by -wire actuating system. The utility model discloses intelligent network antithetical couplet electric automobile based on the drive -by -wire chassis has cancelled steering wheel, brake pedal, accelerator pedal etc. Saves the driver space, improves the passive safety of upon impact, adopts the succinct man -machine interface in interface, and the person of taking passes through man -machine interface and modifies trip purpose ground to vehicle control unit, selection driving mode, and the wish is driven in the input, realizes that the vehicle travells according to the person's of taking wish.
[066] Publication No. CN108382456 relates to an unmanned automobile electric drive-by-wire steering device. The device comprises a steering motor, a straight gear reduction gearbox connected with an output shaft of the steering motor through a driving gear, a bevel gear speed reducer connected with an output shaft of the straight gear reduction gearbox through a bevel driving gear, and a steering transmission shaft with one end penetrating through the bevel gear speed reducer and connected with a driven gear of the bevel gear speed reducer.
[067] Publication No. CN206954218 relates to mechanical steering or hydraulic pressure helping hand formula to turn to the problem of manipulation power that need be very big to traditional vehicle, the utility model provides a based on the linear automatic cruise control system of monocular vision's intelligent vehicle, this system includes monocular camera, driving motor, turns to the motor, angle sensor, speed sensor, GPS, automobile body, wheel, observing and controlling unit, the utility model discloses a steer -by -wire has cancelled the mechanical connection between steering wheel and the directive wheel, when the emergence accident, can avoid the injury that mechanical device caused among traditional a steering system to the driver, has also practiced thrift the driving space simultaneously, has improved security and the travelling comfort driven.
[068] Publication No. CN116539332 relates to an automobile chassis test, in particular to an electric automobile drive-by-wire chassis test platform. A power distribution unit PDU distributes electric energy of the power battery pack to a power control unit PCU, a hub motor, a charger and an electric driving system through a high-voltage cable; the electric appliance box distributes electric energy of the low-voltage storage battery to low-voltage electric appliances of the whole vehicle; the drive-by-wire chassis controller VCU receives a control instruction sent by a remote controller through a remote control receiver, and coordinates the drive-by-wire steering system, the drive-by-wire braking system DBS and the drive-by-wire parking system EPB according to the control instruction to realize motion control of steering, braking and parking according to a control strategy; according to the technical scheme provided by the invention, the problem of relatively large limitation in function and performance in the prior art can be effectively solved.
[069] Publication No. CN106915385 relates to a drive-by-wire differential steering system and method for a distributed driving electric vehicle. The drive-by-wire differential steering system for the distributed driving electric vehicle comprises a detection module, a drive-by-wire differential steering control module and a steering executing module, wherein the detection module is used for detecting running parameters; the drive-by-wire differential steering control module is used for obtaining target output torques of a front axle driving motor and a front axle right driving motor and transmitting a motor control signal; and the steering executing module is used for realizing differential steering of the electric vehicle.
[070] Publication No. CN205706844 relates to an it includes input module, control assembly, executive module and coupling assembling independent drive -by -wire of wheel hub electric automobile four -wheel turns to device, this input module is connected with this control assembly respectively with this executive module, and this coupling assembling connects the lower extreme at this executive module, this input module is used for inputing the corner steering order, with this corner steering order transmission to this control assembly, control assembly received control behind the corner steering order the executive module turns to, coupling assembling be used for with control assembly reaches the executive module is connected to on the frame.
[071] Publication No. CN204808432 relates to a drive -by -wire vehicle event data recorder, including face -piece, drain pan, lens, display screen, control mainboard, a plurality of control button, camera lens module and drive -by -wire switch, the face -piece is fixed at the top of drain pan, and lens and display screen are all installed on the face -piece, and the lens is located the front end of display screen, the control mainboard is installed in the inside of drain pan, and the rear end at the drain pan is installed to the camera lens module, a plurality of control buttons are installed in the side of drain pan, and the camera lens module is connected with the input of control mainboard respectively with the control button, and the display screen is connected with the output of control mainboard, the drive -by -wire switch is equipped with switch key, recording on & off switch and takes a candid photograph the key through an electric connecting wire and control mainboard connection on the drive -by -wire switch, promoted the convenience of operation greatly, the people that grabs the steering wheel need not be stretched out one's hand press the button on the vehicle event data recorder, and it is also safer to drive a vehicle.
[072] Publication No. CN105083375 relates to a vehicle electric-control steering road-feel control method based on the drive-by-wire technology. The method comprises the following steps, initializing a system, and continuing with step if no failure is found; centering the steering wheel turning angle and front-wheel turning angle, namely when it is guaranteed that the steering wheel turning angle and the front-wheel turning angle are both at zero point, triggering the road-feel control function, and entering step collecting and identifying the steering system and signals related to the vehicle state and parameters; processing the signals collected in step and obtaining an ideal road-feel feedback target torque value through calculation; conducting closed-loop control on a road-feel simulation motor through the target torque value calculated and obtained in step and achieving the target torque value; adopting a compensation control method for conducting compensation control on the road-feel motor torque value according to the running state of the road-feel simulation motor, and repeating work in step and step till a vehicle shuts down.
[073] Publication No. CN219524006 relates to a drive-by-wire steering gear with a double-power-head structure, which comprises a shell, a detachable upper mounting cover is arranged at the upper part of the shell, a detachable lower mounting cover is arranged at the lower part of the shell, a screw shaft and a mechanical circulating ball assembly are arranged in the shell, and a screw rod is arranged in the screw shaft.
[074] Publication No. JP2006082685, JP2006076413, JP2004330833, DE10063895, DE10015045, CN1883993, JP2006231957, also discloses the steer-by-wire system.
[075] The article entitled “Drive by wire” by Level Five Supplies Ltd; Level Five Supplies; 2023 talks about the electronics and controllers to interface between processing and robotic control of your vehicle. Steer, brake, accelerate using by-wire interfaces for specific vehicles or as an open standard.
[076] The article entitled “Drive-by-wire development process based on ROS for an autonomous electric vehicle” by J. Felipe Arango, Luis M. Bergasa, Pedro A. Revenga, Rafael Barea, Elena López-Guillén, Carlos Gómez-Huélamo, Javier Araluce and Rodrigo Gutiérrez; Sensors, 20(21), 6121; 9 September 2020 talks about the robust and ROS-based drive-by-wire system designed for an autonomous electric vehicle from scratch over an open source chassis. A revision of the vehicle characteristics and the different modules of our navigation architecture is carried out to put in context our Drive-by-Wire system. The system is composed of a Steer-By-Wire module and a Throttle-By-Wire module that allow driving the vehicle by using some commands of lineal speed and curvature, which are sent through a local network from the control unit of the vehicle. Additionally, a Manual/Automatic switching system has been implemented, which allows the driver to activate the autonomous driving and safely taking control of the vehicle at any time. Finally, some validation tests were performed for our Drive-By-Wire system, as a part of our whole autonomous navigation architecture, showing the good working of our proposal. The results prove that the Drive-By-Wire system has the behaviour and necessary requirements to automate an electric vehicle. In addition, after 812 h of testing, it was proven that it is a robust Drive-By-Wire system, with high reliability. The developed system is the basis for the validation and implementation of new autonomous navigation techniques developed within the group in a real vehicle.
[077] The article entitled “Drive-by-wire kit” by Data speedinc talks about the data speed by-wire kit which is a complete hardware and software system that allows seamless electronic control of a vehicle’s brake, throttle, steering, and shifting to enable testing for autonomous vehicle applications.
[078] The current Drive-By-Wire (DBW) system is marked by complexity, featuring numerous components and intricate design, which in turn, contributes to higher costs. To enhance effectiveness, there's a need for a streamlined, cost-efficient alternative that simplifies design, reduces components, and lowers overall costs for broader accessibility and adoption of DBW technology.
[079] Complexity in the current Drive-By-Wire (DBW) system arises from an abundance of interconnected components, leading to challenges in manufacturing, maintenance, and troubleshooting. Simplifying the design and reducing the number of components could address these challenges and pave the way for a more efficient and cost-effective DBW system.
[080] The cost of the DBW system is influenced by expensive sensors and the number of components, which increases the overall system cost. Simplifying circuits and components helps reduce the system cost.
[081] Existing Drive-By-Wire system to align with the vehicle's architecture. However, unlike traditional DBW adaptations, this system can seamlessly integrate into any electrical vehicle.
[082] In order to overcome above listed prior art, the present invention aims to provide a cost effective retrofitting drive by wire kit for autonomous electric vehicles. This system can seamlessly integrate into any electrical vehicle.
OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION:
[083] The principal object of the present invention is to provide a cost effective retrofitting drive by wire system for autonomous electric vehicles.
[084] Another object of the present invention is to provide system that can be used in any electric vehicles for its conversion to drive-by-wire (DBW) system.
[085] Yet another object of the present invention is to provide drive-by-wire (DBW) system which is flexible to adapt in any vehicle which makes the proposed system as unique DBW solution for autonomous vehicles.
[086] Yet another object of the present invention is to provide drive-by-wire (DBW) system which ensures precise control over throttle, brakes, and steering through advanced sensors and actuators along with its affordability.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION:
[087] The present invention relates to a cost effective retrofitting drive by wire kit for autonomous electric vehicles into autonomous electric ones. The invention is a drive-by-wire (DBW) system which is flexible to adapt in any vehicle which makes the proposed kit as unique DBW solution for autonomous vehicles.
[088] The kit ensures precise control over throttle, brakes, and steering through advanced sensors and actuators along with its affordability, achieved through innovative manufacturing and scalability. The retrofitting system undergoes extensive testing, incorporating artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning for continuous improvement. This development not only addresses the demand for autonomous electric vehicles but also makes advanced automotive technology accessible to a wider audience.
BREIF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[089] It is to be noted, however, that the appended drawings illustrate only typical embodiments of this invention and are therefore not to be considered for limiting of its scope, for the invention may admit to other equally effective embodiments.
[090] Fig.1 shows retrofitting drive by wire kit/ system for autonomous electric vehicles.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION:
[091] The present invention provides a cost effective retrofitting drive by wire kit for autonomous electric vehicles. The present innovation enables seamless integration of DBW systems with any electric vehicle for autonomous driving features, providing the necessary computing power and control logic for autonomous navigation and decision-making.
[092] Integration of DBW with PLCs and STM system allows for precise and programmable control over vehicle functions, enhancing accuracy in throttle response, steering, and braking with simple algorithm.
[093] Figure 1 shows the block diagram of the present invention. The system comments comprises DBW controller (1), controlling brake (2), acceleration (3), and steering (4).
[094] The steering angle is meticulously controlled through a PLC industrial controller, which receives feedback from a wheel encoder, ensuring precise and responsive steering maneuvers. For achieving the desired acceleration, a linear increment of inputs is passed to the vehicle motor, facilitating a smooth and controlled acceleration profile. The relays are used to facilitate both forward and reverse modes of vehicle operation. Every component in the kit is activated through the controller. These advancements contribute to a comprehensive retrofitting system that transforms conventional vehicles into autonomous electric ones, providing enhanced control and safety through intelligent steering and acceleration mechanisms.
[095] Safety is a major concern in autonomous navigation, with braking being a crucial component in the Drive-by-Wire (DBW) system. A linear actuator (6) is employed to apply the brakes (2). The kit includes a feature that automatically applies the brakes in case of any malpractice and also when the emergency buttons are activated.
[096] The advanced features of the proposed Drive-by-Wire (DBW) system encompass real-time monitoring of diverse parameters using sensors (5). This enables instant feedback to the control system, facilitating dynamic adjustments. Moreover, the kit includes robust data logging and diagnostics capabilities, essential for analyzing vehicle performance, identifying issues, and optimizing maintenance and troubleshooting processes.
[097] The proposed innovation gives a cost-effective solution for the DBW conversion of any electric vehicles. It involves minimizing the number of components, connections, and overall intricacies, making it easier to deploy in any vehicle with minimum disturbance to vehicle wirings. The integration of DBW with PLCs and STM allows for precise and programmable control over vehicle functions, enhancing accuracy in throttle response, steering, and braking.
[098] The can enable real-time monitoring of various parameters through sensors, providing instant feedback to the control system for dynamic adjustments. Thus the proposed DBW system can implement adaptive control algorithms, allowing to adjust parameters based on real-time conditions and driving scenarios for optimal performance.
[099] Enhanced the system reliability by incorporating redundancy and fault-tolerance strategies, ensures safe operation even in the presence of component failures.
[100] The invention provides cost-effective retrofitting drive-by-wire kit for upgrading conventional electric vehicles into autonomous electric ones. The kit ensures precise control over throttle, brakes, and steering through advanced sensors and actuators along with its affordability, achieved through innovative manufacturing and scalability. The retrofitting kit undergoes extensive testing, incorporating AI and machine learning for continuous improvement. This development not only addresses the demand for autonomous electric vehicles but also makes advanced automotive technology accessible to a wider audience.
[101] The arrangement of the system comments is shown in Figure 1. includes steering, Acceleration, brake controlling with DBW controller.
[102] Figure 1 shows drive by wire system. Figure 2 and Figure 3 shows the retrofitting drive-by-wire kit with programmable logic circuit (PLC) and controller. The kit comprises an Industrial controller functioning as a PLC or controller, a Motor Driver for steering motor control. The relays are used to facilitate both forward and reverse modes of vehicle operation. Every component in the kit is activated through the controller.
[103] The present innovation Enable seamless integration of DBW systems with Any electric vehicle for autonomous driving features, providing the necessary computing power and control logic for autonomous navigation and decision-making.
[104] Integration of DBW with PLCs and STM kit allows for precise and programmable control over vehicle functions, enhancing accuracy in throttle response, steering, and braking with simple algorithm.
[105] The proposed innovation gives a cost-effective solution for the DBW conversion of any electric vehicles.
[106] It involves minimizing the number of components, connections, and overall intricacies, making it easier to deploy in any vehicle with minimum disturbance to vehicle wirings.
[107] Integration of DBW with PLCs and STM allows for precise and programmable control over vehicle functions, enhancing accuracy in throttle response, steering, and braking.
[108] The controller can enable real-time monitoring of various parameters through sensors, providing instant feedback to the control system for dynamic adjustments.
[109] Proposed DBW system can implement adaptive control algorithms, allowing to adjust parameters based on real-time conditions and driving scenarios for optimal performance.
[110] Enhance the system reliability by incorporating redundancy and fault-tolerance strategies, ensuring safe operation even in the presence of component failures.
[111] Numerous modifications and adaptations of the system of the present invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and thus it is intended by the appended claims to cover all such modifications and adaptations which fall within the true spirit and scope of this invention.
, Claims:WE CLAIM:
1. A cost effective retrofitting drive by wire kit/ system for autonomous electric vehicles comprises-
a) Controller (1), controlling brake (2), acceleration (3), and steering (4).
b) Brakes (2) wherein a linear actuator (6) is employed to apply the brakes (2) and the kit/ system automatically applies the brakes in case of any malpractice and also when the emergency buttons are activated.
c) Steering (4) characterized in that steering angle controlled through a controller which can be PLC or microcontroller, which receives feedback from a wheel encoder, ensures precise and responsive steering maneuvers and relays to facilitate both forward and reverse modes of vehicle operation wherein every component in the kit is activated through the controller.
d) Sensors (5) for the real-time monitoring of diverse parameters of Drive-by-Wire (DBW) system which enables instant feedback to the control system, facilitating dynamic adjustments.
2. The retrofitting drive by wire kit/ system for autonomous electric vehicles., as claimed in claim 1, wherein for achieving the desired acceleration, a linear increment of inputs is passed to the vehicle motor, facilitating a smooth and controlled acceleration profile which contributes to a comprehensive retrofitting system that transforms conventional vehicles into autonomous electric ones, and provides enhanced control and safety through intelligent steering and acceleration mechanisms.
3. The retrofitting drive by wire kit/ system for autonomous electric vehicles., as claimed in claim 1, wherein for achieving the desired acceleration, a linear increment of inputs is passed to the vehicle motor, facilitating a smooth and controlled acceleration profile
4. The retrofitting drive by wire kit/ system for autonomous electric vehicles, as claimed in claim 1, wherein the kit enables real-time monitoring of various parameters through sensors, providing instant feedback to the control system for dynamic adjustments.