Description:Field of the invention:
[0001] The present disclosure generally relates to the technical field of mosquito repellents, and in specific relates to a novel polyherbal mosquito repellent composition and a method of preparing the mosquito repellent composition from herbal plant extracts.
Background of the invention:
[0002] Mosquitoes that breed in habitats made of containers can spread viral diseases. The viral diseases that cause multiple illnesses, including dengue fever, malaria, yellow fever and Japanese encephalitis, are spread by mosquitoes. With an estimated 2.5 billion people worldwide and 50–100 million new cases each year, dengue fever is prevalent in more than 100 countries in Africa, America and the eastern Mediterranean.

[0003] Aedes aegypti, the primary vector, is a Cosmo tropical species that thrives in water containers near and inside homes. It is grown in a variety of household containers, including plant or flower pots, barrels, tanks and jars for storing water. The development of new sedatives and mosquito control tactics is essential in order to solve the issues. Due to their eco-safety, target specificity, lack of resistance development, reduced number of applications, increased acceptability and suitability for rural regions, mosquito repellents are an excellent choice for repelling mosquitoes.

[0004] However, the elimination or eradication of mosquitoes or mosquito larvae as well as the development of safer, less toxic, more effective and human-friendly mosquito repellents have not been extensively researched. There are very few natural or herbal solutions for repelling mosquitoes, but the problem with natural mosquito repellent is that it requires more frequent reapplication (at least every 2 hours) and a higher concentration. The known natural repellents are based on volatile plant oils such as citronella oil, castor oil, rosemary oil, lemongrass oil, cedar oil, peppermint oil, clove oil, geranium oil and possibly oils from verbena, pennyroyal, lavender, pine, cajuput, cinnamon, basil, thyme, allspice, soybeans and garlic. Another plant-derived substance, pyrethrum, is an insecticide that comes from the flowers of the daisy Chrysanthemum cinerariifolium.

[0005] Some examples of known natural mosquito repellents include citronella candles made from citronella oil and mothballs, which contain chemicals (camphor, para-dichlorobenzene, naphthalene) and/or cedar wood. Over the last century, synthetic chemicals have been developed that more effectively repel mosquitoes. Some of these synthetic chemicals include 2-ethyl-3-hexanediol, DDT and DEET (N, N-diethyl-meta-toluamide).

[0006] However, synthetic chemical repellents, especially DEET, can be readily absorbed through skin, causing many accidental poisonings. DDT in particular has been shown to be very harmful to the environment, and DEET is suspected to be a carcinogen, teratogen and/or mutagen. Most of these synthetic chemicals are toxic in certain amounts, which may cause skin irritation, stinging, burning, itching and skin-thinning properties in children.

[0007] Therefore, there is a need for a DEET-free mosquito repellent composition that is non-chemical to use for repelling mosquitoes. There is also a need for a natural mosquito repellent composition that is prepared from herbal plant extracts for preventing mosquito-borne viral diseases. There is also a need for a mosquito repellent composition that is safe, effective, synergistic and cost-effective. There is also a need for a mosquito repellent composition that is prepared from biowaste materials. Further, there is a need for a mosquito repellent composition that shows maximum effect at low concentrations to act as an effective mosquito repellent.
Objectives of the invention:
[0008] The primary objective of the invention is to provide a mosquito repellent composition that prevents mosquito-borne viral diseases.

[0009] Another objective of the invention is to provide a mosquito repellent composition that is prepared from herbal plant extracts and biowaste materials.

[0010] The objective of the invention is to provide a mosquito repellent composition that shows maximum effect at low concentrations to act as an effective mosquito repellent.

[0011] Yet another objective of the invention is to provide a mosquito repellent composition that is safe, effective, synergistic and cost-effective.

[0012] Further objective of the invention is to provide a mosquito repellent composition that is DEET-free and non-chemical to use for repelling mosquitoes.
Summary of the invention:
[0013] The present disclosure proposes a polyherbal mosquito repellent composition and method of preparing the same. The following presents a simplified summary in order to provide a basic understanding of some aspects of the claimed subject matter. This summary is not an extensive overview. It is not intended to identify key/critical elements or to delineate the scope of the claimed subject matter. Its sole purpose is to present some concepts in a simplified form as a prelude to the more detailed description that is presented later.

[0014] In order to overcome the above deficiencies of the prior art, the present disclosure is to solve the technical problem to provide a novel polyherbal mosquito repellent composition and a method of preparing the mosquito repellent composition from herbal plant extracts.

[0015] According to an aspect, the invention provides a mosquito-repellent composition that prevents mosquito-borne viral diseases. The mosquito-repellent composition is prepared from herbal plant extracts and biowaste materials. In one embodiment herein, the mosquito repellent composition shows maximum effect at low concentrations to act as an effective mosquito repellent. The mosquito-repellent composition is safe, effective, synergistic and cost-effective. In one embodiment herein, the mosquito repellent composition is DEET-free and non-chemical to use for repelling mosquitoes.

[0016] In one embodiment herein, the mosquito repellent composition comprises 1 to 50 weight percent of a mixture of herbal plant extracts, 10 to 20 weight percent of an oil phase stearic acid, 0.5 to 1 weight percent of Cetyl alcohol, 0.5 to 1 weight percent of Cetosteryl alcohol, 0.5 to 1 weight percent of Potassium hydroxide, 0.3 to 0.7 weight percent of Methyl paraben and a sufficient quantity of water. In one embodiment herein, the mosquito repellent composition is formulated in a form of a cream that can be applied to an area of an individual’s skin to repel mosquitoes.

[0017] In one embodiment herein, the oil phase stearic acid, Cetyl alcohol, and Cetosteryl alcohol are emulsifiers. In one embodiment herein, the herbal plant extracts comprise 2 to 10 weight percent of Annona seed oil, 2 to 10 weight percent of Citrus peel oil, 2 to 10 weight percent of Eucalyptus oil, and 2 to 10 weight percent of Azadirachta extract. The composition shows a maximum effect at a concentration of 1 to 10 weight percent to act as an effective mosquito repellent. In one embodiment herein, the Potassium hydroxide is a saponifier. The composition can be formulated from bio-waste materials.

[0018] According to an example embodiment of the invention, a method is disclosed for preparing the mosquito repellent composition. First, at one step, the oil phase stearic acid, Cetyl alcohol, Cetosteryl alcohol, Potassium hydroxide, and Methyl paraben are melted by heating at a certain temperature to obtain melted oil phase ingredients. At another step, Annona seed oil, citrus oil, and eucalyptus oil are added to the melted oil phase solution to obtain an oil phase formulation.

[0019] At another step, Azadiracta extract and glycerine are added in 5-10 ml of water to obtain an aqueous phase formulation. Further, at another step, the oil phase formulation and the aqueous phase formulation are mixed and pulverized in a container in order to form the mosquito repellent composition. In one embodiment herein, the composition is formulated in a form of a cream that can be applied to the area of the individual’s skin to repel mosquitoes.

[0020] Further, objects and advantages of the present invention will be apparent from a study of the following portion of the specification, the claims, and the attached drawings.
Detailed invention disclosure:
[0001] Various embodiments of the present invention will be described in reference to the accompanying drawings. Wherever possible, the same or similar reference numerals are used in the drawings and the description to refer to the same or like parts or steps.

[0002] The present disclosure has been made with a view toward solving the problem with the prior art described above, and it is an object of the present invention to provide a novel polyherbal mosquito repellent composition and a method of preparing the mosquito repellent composition from herbal plant extracts.

[0021] According to an example embodiment of the invention, a mosquito-repellent composition can prevent mosquito-borne viral diseases. The mosquito-repellent composition is prepared from herbal plant extracts and biowaste materials. In one embodiment herein, the mosquito repellent composition can show maximum effect at low concentrations to act as an effective mosquito repellent. The mosquito-repellent composition is safe, effective, synergistic and cost-effective. In one embodiment herein, the mosquito repellent composition is DEET-free and non-chemical to use for repelling mosquitoes.

[0022] In one embodiment herein, the mosquito repellent composition comprises 1 to 50 weight percent of a mixture of herbal plant extracts, 10 to 20 weight percent of an oil phase stearic acid, 0.5 to 1 weight percent of Cetyl alcohol, 0.5 to 1 weight percent of Cetosteryl alcohol, 0.5 to 1 weight percent of Potassium hydroxide, 0.3 to 0.7 weight percent of Methyl paraben and a sufficient quantity of water. In one embodiment herein, the mosquito repellent composition is formulated in a form of a cream that can be applied to an area of an individual’s skin to repel mosquitoes.

[0023] In one embodiment herein, seeds of Azadirachta indica leaves (neem) and Annona squamosa (custard apple), Citrus sinensis Peels (orange), and Leaves of Eucalyptus globulus are collected to prepare the mosquito repellent composition. Procured crude drugs are shade dried and pulverized into a coarse powder by passing into a No. 44 sieve. The neem leaves and custard apple seeds are extracted using a Soxhlet extractor using petroleum ether solvent, and after 72 hours of extraction, the extracts are collected and made solvent free. In one embodiment herein, all solvents and formulation designing raw materials are used at an analytical grade. Oil of selected plant drugs is obtained by using Clevenger apparatus and is stored in closed containers until further formulation development.

[0024] According to an example embodiment of the invention, FIG. 1 refers to a flowchart of a method for preparing the mosquito repellent composition. First, at step 102, the oil phase stearic acid, Cetyl alcohol, Cetosteryl alcohol, Potassium hydroxide, and Methyl paraben are melted by heating at a certain temperature to obtain melted oil phase ingredients. At step 104, Annona seed oil, citrus oil, and eucalyptus oil are added to the melted oil phase solution to obtain an oil phase formulation.

[0025] At step 106, Azadiracta extract and glycerine are added in 5-10 ml of water to obtain an aqueous phase formulation. Further, at step 108, the oil phase formulation and the aqueous phase formulation are mixed and pulverized in a container in order to form the mosquito repellent composition. In one embodiment herein, the composition is formulated in a form of a cream that can be applied to the area of the individual’s skin to repel mosquitoes.

[0026] In one embodiment herein, the primary active ingredients such as the oil phase stearic acid, Cetyl alcohol, Cetosteryl alcohol, Annona seed oil, Citrus peel oil, Eucalyptus oil, Azadirachta extract, Potassium hydroxide, Methyl paraben and distilled water are added in the ranges given in Table 1 to obtain different polyherbal formulations PF1, PF2, PF3 and PF4.

[0027] Table 1:

S.No Ingredients Properties PF1 PF2 PF3 PF4
1. Oil phase stearic acid Emulsifier 20.0 18.0 16.0 14.0
2. Cetyl alcohol Stiff ness 0.5 0.5 0.75 0.75
3. Cetosteryl alcohol Emulsifier 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75
4. Annona seed oil Insect repellent 2.5 ml 5.00 ml 7.5 ml 10 ml
5. Citrus peel oil Mosquito repellent 2.5 ml 5.00 ml 7.5 ml 10 ml
6 Eucalyptus oil Aromatic & Insect repellent 2.5 ml 5.00ml 7.5ml 10 ml
7. Azadirachta extract Potent Mosquito repellent 2.5 ml 5.00ml 7.5 ml 10 ml
8. Potassium hydroxide Saponifier 0.7g 0.8g 0.9g 0.9g
9. Methyl paraben Water soluble preservative 0.50g 0.50g 0.50g 0.50g
10. Distilled water Vehicle Q.S Q.S Q.S Q.S

[0028] In one embodiment herein, several quality control tests provide an ability to evaluate the performance of the mosquito repellent composition for consistency over time. Following are few of the quality control tests conducted to the composition.

[0029] In one embodiment herein, an acute toxicity test is evaluated to describe the adverse effects on health that result from a single exposure to a substance via the oral, dermal or inhalation routes. The in vivo acute oral toxicity test is developed to determine the LD50 value of the compound under investigation. It has recently been replaced by alternative methods that include the fixed dose method, the acute toxic class method and the up-and-down procedure. At a dose of 2000 mg/kg b.w., there are no toxic symptoms exposed by the test composition.

[0030] In one embodiment herein, irritation and dermal corrosiveness are evaluated in terms of skin irritation, skin corrosiveness and mucous membrane irritation produced by cosmetic ingredients. In one embodiment herein, skin irritation tests have been developed to assess the potential of a certain substance that causes redness and edema after a single topical application and skin corrosion tests assess the potential of a substance that causes irreversible necrosis through the epidermis and into the dermis, following the application of a test substance for a duration of 3 minutes up to 4 hours. Corrosive reactions are notified by the formation of ulcers, bleeding, and scabs. At the end of 14 days, discoloration of the skin, alopecia, and scarring are observed to assess the extent of skin corrosion reactions. No traces of skin irritation or rash formation are observed in either the test or placebo groups of the composition.

[0031] In one embodiment herein, mucous membrane irritation is accessed by determining ocular irritation produced by cosmetic ingredients after a single application. Ocular irritation tests have been developed to assess the potential of certain substances to cause chemosis, discharge, redness to the conjunctiva, swelling of the iris and opacity to the cornea. Classical in vivo ocular irritation tests and the HET-CAM (hen’s egg test-chorioallantoic membrane) test are valid in vitro alternatives for evaluating mucous membrane irritation. There is no mucus irritation observed in composition.

[0032] In one embodiment herein, a skin sensitizer is an agent that is able to cause an allergic response in susceptible individuals. Three common in vivo laboratory animal test methods are widely used to evaluate the potential of a substance to cause skin sensitization. These tests include the local lymph node assay (LLNA), the guinea pig maximization test (GPMT) and the Buehler test. To date, there is no validated in vitro test method accepted for skin sensitization.

[0033] In one embodiment herein, human exposure to cosmetic ingredients occurs mainly via transdermal absorption. In order to reach the bloodstream, cosmetic ingredients must cross a number of cell layers of the skin. Skin is mainly divided into three layers: the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous (hypodermis) layer. The epidermis consists of five layers: the stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum and stratum basale. The in vivo and in vitro dermal and percutaneous absorption studies have been described by several international bodies. Dermal/Percutaneous absorption is the amount of dermally applied substances remaining in the residual skin plus the amount of dermally applied substance that has passed through the skin and is detected in the receptor fluid. The sum is considered to be systemically available.

[0034] In one embodiment herein, repeated-dose toxicity comprises the adverse general toxicological effects occurring as a result of repeated daily dosing with exposure to a substance for a specific part of the expected lifespan of the test species. The 28- and 90-day oral toxicity studies in rodents are the most commonly used repeated dose toxicity tests and often give a clear indication of target organ effects and types of systemic toxicity. Currently, no validated or generally accepted alternative methods are available for replacing this type of animal testing. There is no toxicity found in the patients or lab animals.

[0035] In one embodiment herein, substances are defined as carcinogenic if they induce tumors, increase their incidence and/or cause malignancy when they are inhaled, ingested, dermally applied or injected. The in vivo carcinogenicity test and the in vitro Syrian hamster embryo transformation test are the most commonly performed methodologies to evaluate the carcinogenic action of cosmetic ingredients. There is no carcinogenic action identified for the herbal cream in animals or patients.

[0036] In one embodiment herein, photo-induced toxicity is measured in terms of the photoirritation and photomutagenicity potential of cosmetic ingredients. In one embodiment herein, the in vitro method is provided for the determination of the photoxicological profile of all UV light-absorbing chemicals and especially for those cosmetic ingredients to be used as UV filters. There is no photosensitivity or irritation among the patients. In one embodiment herein, this test is desirable for assessing the UV radiation-absorbing potential of cosmetic ingredients as adopted by SCC guidelines in 1990. The composition has not shown any photomutagenicity.

[0037] In one embodiment herein, several physical tests are conducted to identify the physical properties such as color, odor, and texture of the composition. Following are few of the physical tests conducted to the composition.

[0038] In one embodiment herein, the physical appearance is observed under the naked eye by observing its colour, opacity, etc. In one embodiment herein, the pH of various formulations is determined by using a digital pH meter. A standard buffer solution is used for calibrating the pH meter. Nearly 10 g of cream, weighed and dissolved in 50 ml of distilled water to check the pH value of the composition.

[0039] In one embodiment herein, placing 100g of weight uniformly on the composition and sandwiching it between two slides of 20×5 cm. Excess cream is scraped off. The slides are fixed at an angle of 45 degrees without any slight disturbance, allowing the upper slide to slip off freely under a weight of 20g. The time taken for the upper slide to separate from the lower glass plate under the direction of the weight is noted by a formula.
S = (W×L)/ T
Where, S = Spreadability, L = Length of glass, W = weight tied to the upper plate and T = time (in secs).

[0040] In one embodiment herein, the viscosity of the formulations is determined by a Brookfield viscometer at 100 rpm with a No. 7 spindle at room temperature. This is done by the physical touch of the hands when applying the polyherbal cream to the skin and properties like its emollient nature, slipperiness and the amount of cream left after being applied to the skin. In one embodiment herein, a skin irritation test is conducted on the composition by marking a particular area (1 sq. cm.) on the left-hand dorsal surface. Different creams are tested on the area and time is observed. Erythema, edema or irritancy are observed for a specific period of time. In one embodiment herein, stability studies are conducted under various conditions to identify the storage of creams. The formulations are kept in a stability chamber for 60 days.

[0041] In one embodiment herein, the results of the Physical appearance test, the pH test, the Spreadability test, the Viscosity test, the Homogeneity test, the Skin irritation test and the Stability studies that are conducted on the polyherbal formulations PF1, PF2, PF3 PF4, control and standard compositions are given in Table 2.

[0042] Table 2:
S.no Parameters PF1 PF2 PF3 PF4 Control Standard
1 Physical appearance
a) colour
b) odour Light green
Aromatic Creamy white
Slight Aromatic White
Aromatic Milky white Milky white
characteristic Creamy white
characteristic
2 pH 5.9 6.4 6.5 6.3 6.8 6.4
3 Spreadability (g.cm/sec) 17.25 16.39c 16.45 17.15 18.28 16.33
4 Viscosity 100rpm 38,000 cps 64,000 cps 75,000 cps 76,000 cps 78,000 cps 70,000 cps
5 Homogeneity
By visual
By Touch Smooth consistency Smooth consistency Smooth consistency Smooth consistency Smooth consistency Smooth consistency
6 Skin irritation tests No redness No erythema No edema No redness No redness No edema
7 Stability studies stable stable stable stable stable stable

[0043] In one embodiment herein, the in vivo mosquito repellent study revealed that adults are continuously fed with a 10% sucrose solution and given access to blood meals from chicks and libitum. According to prior tests, 3 to 7 day-old females are aspirated from the cage, placed in mosquito cups, and stored by giving only water for 18–24 hours. The colony is maintained at 25±2°C and 80±10% relative humidity. Twenty mosquitoes are randomly aspirated before being transferred into transparent plastic mosquito cups and then left to acclimatize for one hour before tests.

[0044] A mosquito's readiness to feed is tested by holding a mosquito cup that contains mosquitoes on the rabbit's ear; as soon as mosquitoes are observed to land and attempt to feed, the cup is withdrawn before imbibing. All tests are conducted for 3 hours in light and at room temperature. The test rabbit is restrained in a wooden box; the ears and two shaved parts of the skin are served as test areas. Polyherbal creams are applied to the test areas and the mosquito cups with the test mosquitoes are held on the test area for one hour. Mosquitoes are then anaesthetized in either and engorged mosquitoes are stored, counted and confirmed by pressing against a filter paper.

[0045] In one embodiment herein, a method for conducting a mosquito repellent test on a rabbit ear is disclosed. In one embodiment, the shaved portion of the rabbit ears is treated with several polyherbal formulations. According to the tested substance, the cup containing the tested mosquito is labeled, and it is left on the test site for one hour. Following each test, the affected regions are washed with unscented soap. All tests are conducted at room temperature in an experimental room.

[0046] The effects of these compounds on the mosquitoes during the trials are observed through a plastic container and documented. Mosquitoes are anaesthetized at the end of the experiment by dipping cotton wool in either top of the test containers. Mosquitoes are dumped on the filter paper after the bottle tops are removed. When pressed on filter paper to form a blood smear, the numbers that feed are seen to be sorted out and verified. The number of paralyzed mosquitoes is counted and used to calculate the percentage of mosquito repellence using the formula below.
Percentage mosquito repellence = C-N/C ×100
where,
C = Number of mosquitoes aligned /left and aligned/ bit when control cream is applied on the skin.
N = Number of mosquitoes aligned/left and aligned /bit when the different concentrations of PF1, PF2, PF3 and PF4 are applied on the skin.

[0047] In one embodiment herein, mean values of the mosquitoes aligned/left and aligned/bit are calculated and repellence percentages of different compositions applied on the skin are indicated in table. 3.

[0048] Table 3:
S. no Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3
Polyherbal formulations Total Number of Mosquitoes Aligned /left and aligned /Bit Total Number of Mosquitoes Aligned /left and aligned /Bit Total Number of Mosquitoes Aligned /left and aligned /Bit Calculated mean value of Mosquitoes aligned /left and aligned /Bit % Mosquito Repellence

1. Control 19 17 18 18.00 10%
2. PF1 (2.5%w/w) 4 5 3 4.00 80%
3. PF2
(5%w/w) 3 2 1 2.00 90%
4. PF3
(7.5%w/w) 0 0 0 0.00 100%
5. PF4
(10% w/w) 0 0 0 0.00 100%
6. Good night
(16% w/w) 1 0 0 0.33 99.91%
7. Standard group Odomus (12%w/w) 0 0 0 0 100%

[0049] According to an example embodiment of the invention, FIG. 2 refers to a bar graph representing a relation between the mean values of the mosquitoes aligned/left and aligned /bit for different polyherbal compositions and the mosquito repellence of polyherbal formulations (in percentages). The white shaded portions in the bar graph represent concentrations of different compositions and the black shaded portions represent the percentage of mosquito repellence. In one embodiment herein, the proposed polyherbal mosquito repellent composition contains medicinal plants that show maximum effect at a lower concentration of 10% w/w to act as an effective mosquito repellent. The composition acts as a potent, synergistic, safe, effective and economical cream for the prevention of mosquito-borne diseases.

[0050] Numerous advantages of the present disclosure may be apparent from the discussion above. In accordance with the present disclosure, the mosquito-repellent composition can prevent mosquito-borne viral diseases. The mosquito-repellent composition is prepared from herbal plant extracts and biowaste materials. In one embodiment herein, the mosquito repellent composition can show maximum effect at low concentrations to act as an effective mosquito repellent. The mosquito-repellent composition is safe, effective, synergistic and cost-effective. In one embodiment herein, the mosquito repellent composition is DEET-free and non-chemical to use for repelling mosquitoes.

[0051] It will readily be apparent that numerous modifications and alterations can be made to the processes described in the foregoing examples without departing from the principles underlying the invention, and all such modifications and alterations are intended to be embraced by this application.
, Claims:CLAIMS:
I/We Claim:
1. A mosquito repellent composition for preventing mosquito-borne viral diseases, comprising:
1 to 50 weight percent of a mixture of herbal plant extracts;
10 to 20 weight percent of an oil phase stearic acid;
0.5 to 1 weight percent of Cetyl alcohol;
0.5 to 1 weight percent of Cetosteryl alcohol;
0.5 to 1 weight percent of Potassium hydroxide;
0.3 to 0.7 weight percent of Methyl paraben; and
a sufficient quantity of water,
whereby applying the composition to an area of an individual’s skin to repel mosquitoes.
2. The mosquito repellent composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the composition is formulated in a form of a cream.
3. The mosquito repellent composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the composition shows a maximum effect at a concentration of 1 to 10 weight percent to act as an effective mosquito repellent.
4. The mosquito repellent composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the oil phase stearic acid, Cetyl alcohol, and Cetosteryl alcohol are emulsifiers.
5. The mosquito repellent composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the herbal plant extracts comprise 2 to 10 weight percent of Annona seed oil, 2 to 10 weight percent of Citrus peel oil, 2 to 10 weight percent of Eucalyptus oil and 2 to 10 weight percent of Azadirachta extract.
6. The mosquito-repellent composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the Potassium hydroxide is a saponifier.
7. The mosquito-repellent composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the composition is formulated from bio-waste materials.
8. A method for preparing a mosquito-repellent composition to prevent mosquito-borne viral diseases, comprising:
melting oil phase stearic acid, Cetyl alcohol, Cetosteryl alcohol, Potassium hydroxide, and Methyl paraben by heating at a certain temperature to obtain melted oil phase ingredients;
adding Annona seed oil, citrus oil, and eucalyptus oil to the melted oil phase ingredients to obtain an oil phase formulation;
adding Azadiracta extract and glycerine in 5 - 10 ml of water to obtain an aqueous phase formulation; and
mixing and pulverizing the oil phase formulation and the aqueous phase formulation to obtain the mosquito-repellent composition.
9. The method as claimed in claim 6, wherein the composition is applied to an area of an individual’s skin to repel mosquitoes.