THE FOLLOWING SPECIFICATION PARTICULARLY DESCRIBES THE
NATURE OF THE INVENTION

A DEVICE BAND ELECTRODE
(FOR BIO-IMPEDANCE SIGNAL ACQUISITION FROM HUMAN BODY)
A) TECHNICAL FIELD
1. The present invention is generally related to an instrument used for bio signal
acquisition from human body, which is used for finding out cardiac output for that
body, non-invasively i.e. without any operation on the body. The invention is more
particularly related to a disinfectable, reusable, bio—compatible band electrode with
different lengths that is used for checking the central and peripheral blood flow in
human body.
B) BACKGROUND AND PRIOR ART
2. Health care is one of the most important fields for any society. For effectively fighting
against disease, human beings have been interested in measuring various parameters
related to the human body and use this data for various diagnostic purposes. In earlier
times, for all measurement purposes, it was required to operate on the body whose
parameters had to be found out, after which devices were inserted to get the required
data. With the growth of technology, various non-invasive methods have evolved,
through which the data relating to a human body can be found out just by tying the
instrument to a certain part of body. One of the parameter is blood flow measurement
in the human body.

3. In US patent numbered 5469859, a method of measuring the cardio respiratory parameters of a patient body has been discussed. It uses a non-invasive method, in which two or four electrodes are applied to the patient's body, through which high amplitude alternating current is passed into the body, so as to obtain an integral impedance curve of the body and from there derive simultaneous automatic separation of an active component. The desired cardio respiratory parameters of the body are obtained from the active component of the integral bio impedance, applying empiric formulae, which is applicable to the bio impedance measurements; the calculation is based on the average data during one respiratory cycle.
4. In US patent numbered 4938228, a method of monitoring heart rate using a wristband is shown. In this invention the wrist worn heart rate monitor senses a noisy bio signal with one sensor in contact with the user's fingers and another sensor which is in contact with the user' wrist . The sensed signal is first modified by a filter, analog to digital converter and digital filter, then a correlator and a QRS detector are used to determine characters tics of a first segment of the modified signal, a match filter and a learned user reference is then used to match a second segment of the modified signal with the determined characters tics of the first segment to produce a processed signal. The QRS detector, an interval judge and a momentum machine determines the heart rate from the processed signal, after which a performance predictor will predict how well a heart rate monitor will perform for an individual user.
5. In US patent numbered 4489731, a heart monitor which uses the pulsations as input, has been described. The monitor includes a display of heart beat data, and a detector of pulsation of the heart. The inter pulse intervals between successive pulses, or heart beats are measured to provide a heart-beat data which includes inter pulse intervals and the frequency of its occurrence, after which the average value of inter pulse is measured by counting values through a succession of inter pulse intervals .The frequency of occurrence of inter pulse is measured, then by a succession of activated

gating circuits with counters for counting the occurrence of inter pulse intervals of varying durations.
6. In US patent numbered 4086916, a cardiac monitoring system, which is incorporated into an electronic digital wristwatch, has been explained. It monitors die arterial pulse rate through a pair of highly directional ultrasonic transducers, which is connected to transmitter and receiver- detector electronics. The output from the receiver is fed to the processing electronics through a special cable, which monitors the user's pulse rate and checks whether it exceeds the lower and upper limit and informs if there is an erratic heart beat such as a missed pulse in which case it raises an alarm in audio and visual form. The unit uses the wristwatch battery for power and contains of several external switches for selection of either time or pulse rate readout.
7. The aforementioned patented inventions use complex circuitry for capturing data from human body to predict the condition of heart. Also they are not available in India for Indian population since the costs are prohibitively high. This made Indian patients deprived from such advanced non-invasive method and either go for invasive technique like heart surgery or catheterization or simply refrain from getting cured. The inventor of this invention has taken special care that the above device is economically cheaper, the raw materials are available inside India and the fabrication of this device is done inside India.
8. The present invention provides a novel device, which is comfortable to wear for the patient. The present invention uses a stainless steel woven wire cloth and a gold plated stud for the purpose of finding various parameters relating to a person's heart, veins and arteries. It is then connected to an external setup which is a vital sign monitor with impedance cardio vasography parameter to view information.
C) OBJECTS OF THE PRESENT INVENTION

9. A primary object of the present invention is to make a disinfectable, reusable, biocompatible, economical band electrode for bio-signal acquisition from human body for estimating cardiac output and blood flow index in arteries and blockage of veins, non- invasively.
10. Another objective of the present invention is to provide a conductive layer for the band electrode, made of stainless steel woven wire cloth with wire strands less then 0.5 mm diameter and with chemical composition equivalent to AISI316L or IS6911-1992 specification for X02Crl7Nil2Mo2.
11. Another objective of the present invention is to provide a stud metal electrode, which is fully gold coated, and pressed to connect to the cable.
12. Another objective of the present invention is to provide a belt for this band electrode made from Nylon polyamide fibers, which is again, weaved together, and used to firmly fix the conducting stainless steel cloth around the body parts.
13. Another objective of the present invention is to provide a hook and loop fastener, which is commercially known as "Velcro' to firmly wrap the band around human parts.
14. Another objective of the present invention is that it can be soaked in saline solution for increasing the conductivity and signal integrity between human body and electrode without using ECG gel thus reducing the cost of ownership for the doctor. Same band can also be used as grounding /reference band for EEG/ECG signal acquisition.
D) STATEMENT OF THE INVENTION

15. Accordingly the present invention provides a belt for acquiring signal to be used for impedance cardio vasography for determining the various parameters relating to heart, arteries and veins.
16. The invention consists of a reusable, disinfectable band electrode in the form of a band which is used for the purpose of finding various data pertaining to a patient's heart.
17. The invention is used to check the central and peripheral blood flow in the human body. Passing a current between the conductive woven wire cloth surfaces of the two-band electrode measures the impedance of human body, which is then used to predict the result. The amount of current is between 2milliampere to 6milli ampere.
18. The invention provides, for nylon (polyamide) fiber band weaved together which is non-conductive at the outer side and conductive at the inner side.
19. The invention provides for a stainless steel woven wire cloth with wire strands (less then 0.5 mm) diameter which is the conductive layer.
20. The invention also provides for a hook and loop fastener (whose commercial name is "VELCRO ") for firmly wrapping the band around the parts of the patient.
21. The invention also provides for a band electrode which can be soaked in saline solution for grounding of human body during EEG/ECG signal acquisition, but in itself it is not saline soaked.
E) BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
22. The Fig.l shows a band electrode.

23. The Fig. 2 shows a method of using the band electrode setup on a human body.
F) DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
24. The diagram in FIG. 1 shows a detailed diagram of the band electrode, which is used for the purpose of finding the various parameters relating to a patient's heart, arteries, veins and thereof.
25. The belt consists of a conductive inner side, as shown by 1 in Fig. 1, made of stainless steel woven cloth with wire strands less then 0.5 mm diameter with a chemical composition equivalent to AISI316L or IS6911-1992 specification for X02Crl7Nil2Mo2. The surface resistance between both ends of the belt is less then 4 ohms.
26. The outer side of the belt is nonconductive as shown by 2 in Fig. 1. This part is made of nylon (polyamide) fibers which are then again weaved together. It is also provided with a hook and a loop fastener to firmly wrap the belt around the human body. The hook and loop fastener is commercially known as "Velcro".
27. The belt is provided with a "KANE-M" SNAP Fastener, which is also commercially known as 10mm diameter press stud, which is made of stainless steel. It is represented by 3 in Fig. 1.The SNAP Fastener, is further gold plated with a thickness of 1.2 microns, to make it bio-compatible and increase its signal integrity. It is selected in such a way that it is nickel allergy free and toxic metal free.
28. In order to hold the band and snap fastener mechanically and electrically, the belt is provided with a plastic part. It is represented by 4 in Fig. 1.

29. The belt is provided with a metal rectangular shaped ring, which is used to fasten the band and hold it in place around the body part.
30. The working of the invention can be understood by the diagram in Fig. 2. The fig. shows four belts which are tied to different part of the body. The belts marked as 3 and 4 is used to pass a current between II and 12 which has magnitude between 2milli ampere to 6milli ampere and the frequency will be between 40 kilohertz to 80 kilohertz alternative sine wave.
31. The setup is provided with another pair of belts which is used for checking the voltage VI and V2 across that part of body which will be die change in instantaneous bio impedance mathematically denoted as dZ/dT has to be found.
32. All the four belts are connected to a interface cable, shown by part 2 in Fig. 2, which is used to communicate the information which is change in impedance of the body, from the belts to the impedance vasography machine.
33. The impedance vasography machine uses the vital sign monitor with impedance cardio vasography parameter (shown by part 1), takes the information sent to it through the interface cable and processes it, to give information relating to the heart.
G) SCOPE OF THE INVENTION
34. A primary advantage of the present invention is to provide a much simpler method for finding the various data related to heart.
35. Another advantage of the present invention is it just uses a conductive woven wire cloth and a gold plated stud for collecting and transferring the data from the body.

36. Another advantage of the present invention is it can be soaked in saline solution to have better conductivity during EEG signal acquisition when used as grounding /reference band for EEG/ECG signal acquisition.
37. Although the invention has been described with reference to specific embodiments, this description is not meant to be construed in a Hmiting sense. Various modifications of the disclosed embodiments, as well as alternate embodiments of the invention, will become apparent to persons skilled in the art upon reference to the description of the invention.
38. Example of possible modification is:
Since the bands are too wide to be used on fingers, the breadth of the band can be reduced to 5 mm. and tied around the finger.

PARTS DESCRIPTION OF FIG.l
PARTI
Conductive inner side made of stainless steel woven cloth. The chemical composition equivalent to AISI 316L (low nickel content for biocompatibility) or IS 6911-1992 specification for X02Crl7Nil2Mo2 letter symbol and 316L numerical symbol. The diameter of the individual metal strand is between 0.5mm to 0.05mm. The surface resistance between end to end is less than 4 ohm.
PART 2
Non-Conductive outer side made of Nylon (Polyamide) fibres and again weaved together into a band. The hook and loop fastener commercially called as "Velcro" is used to firmly wrap the band around the human body
PART 3
"KANE-M" SNAP FASTENER (10mm), stainless steel made .It is further gold plated with thickness 1.2microns. This will increase the signal integrity and bio-compatibility. This is selected such a way that it is nickel allergy free toxic metal free.
PART 4
The plastic part which holds the band and snap fastener stud together mechanically and electrically. This will increase the signal integrity and bio-compatibility. This is selected such a way that it is nickel allergy free
PART 5
The metal rectangular shaped ring, which is used to fasten the band and hold in that
position.

PARTS DESCRIPTION OF FIG.2
PARTI
The non-invasive impedance vasography machine.
PART 2
Interface cable between the machine and the individual leads.
PART 3 and 4
The current leads pair called as II and 12 which are used to inject a 50 KHz, 4 milliampere
to 6milliampere constant and regulated current in to the body.
PART 5 and 6
The voltage lead pair called VI and V2 which are used to pick up the voltage developed
across the segment of the body.

PARTI
The non-invasive impedance vasography machine.
PART 2
Interface cable between the machine and the individual leads.
PART 3 and 4
The current leads pair called as II and 12 which are used to inject a 50 KHz, 4 milliampere
to 6milliampere constant and regulated current in to the body.
PART 5 and 6
The voltage lead pair called VI and V2 which are used to pick up the voltage developed
across the segment of the body.

1) WE CLAIM:
1. A band electrode for bio-signal acquisition from human body for estimating cardiac
output non-invasively consisting of:
• a conductive layer for passing current;
• a stud metal terminal for connecting to a terminal which is connected to an external device;
• a belt with a non-conductive outer side and a conductive inner side; and
• a hook and a loop fastener.

2. The stud metal of the band electrode as claimed in claim 1, which is fully coated with gold or any bio compatible metal.
3. The conductive layer of the band electrode as claimed in claim 1, which is made of stainless steel woven wire cloth with wire strands or any other conducting metal.
4. The band electrode as claimed in claim 1, which is used for forward and backward flow of electric signals.
5. The band electrode as claimed in claiml, which can be soaked in a saline solution to increase conductivity.

6. The current between two bands has magnitude between 2milli ampere to 4milli ampere and the frequency will be between 40 kilohertz to 80 kilohertz alternative and the wave shape of applied signal being sine wave.
7. The width of the band electrodes being 20milli meter and length of the electrode being 800millimeter for head band, 600milli meter for neck band, 1200 millimeter for chest band,1100millimeter for waist band, 250millirneter for leg band,350millimeter for arm band.