FORM 2
THE PATENT ACT 1970
(39 OF 1970)
&
The Patent Rules, 2003
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
(See Section 10 and Rule 13)
1 TITLE OF THE INVENTION :
A DYNAMIC SEPARATOR (DSDS) ADAPTED FOR STAGE WISE DYNAMIC MINERAL SEPARATION.
2 APPLICANT (S)
Name : JSW STEEL LIMITED.
Nationality : An Indian Company,
Address : Jindal Mansion, 5-A, Dr. G. Deshmukh Marg, Mumbai - 400 026,
State of Maharastra, India.
3 PREAMBLE TO THE DESCRIPTION
COMPLETE
The following specification particularly describes the invention and the manner in which it is to be performed.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to mineral processing technology, and more specifically to gravity separation and classification techniques. The present invention is directed to providing a stagewise dynamic separator system (DSDS) for a stepwise technique for effective separation of ore minerals. In accordance with an aspect of the system performs both classification and gravity separation in a single apparatus with high metallurgical efficiency, less maintenance, least power consumption and high throughput. There is no mechanical movement of any component of the system in the design and it utilizes water and compressed air as driving force for the separation of particles based on size and specific gravity difference and is capable of yielding four products with one input feed.
BACKGROUND ART
In metallurgical industries, it is often necessary to upgrade the ores as available in nature by segregation and separation based on variety of considerations. The existing techniques such as jigs, spiral concentrator, spiral classifier and floatex density separator will have their own inherent limitations leading to inefficient recoveries particularly from low-grade/complex ores and also involving a more complex process flow sheet. In consequences, while beneficiating low-grade ore considerable amount of concentrate goes as tailing loss.
There are several conventional techniques in classification and gravity separation field. Generally, these techniques are very specific to narrow size range and performs efficiently only at wider specific gravity differences in mineral species. The inbuilt design or operational variables make it difficult to handle the unpredictable fluctuations in terms of feed size and quality. Rather, the existing techniques are prone to increased wear and tear, demand regular maintenance and higher power consumption.
There has been thus a persistent need in the art of mineral processing technology to developing a system for efficient separation of different minerals particularly from low-grade/complex ores in a simple and cost effective manner wherein both classification and gravity separation can be performed in a single apparatus adapted to accommodate input feed of wider size range and narrow specific gravity differences.

OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION
The basic object of the present invention is thus directed to providing a stage wise dynamic separator (DSDS) system for efficient and effective separation of ore minerals from input feed in mineral processing industry.
A further object of the present invention is directed to providing a stage wise dynamic separator (DSDS) system for both classification and gravity separation in a single apparatus with high metallurgical efficiency, less maintenance, least power consumption and high throughput.
A still further object of the present invention is directed to providing a stage wise dynamic separator (DSDS) system wherein mineral separation would be influenced by dynamic velocity profiles driven by compressed air and water.
A still further object of the present invention is directed to providing a stage wise dynamic separator (DSDS) system which would be capable to yield four products with one input.
A still further object of the present invention is directed to providing a stage wise dynamic separator (DSDS) system which would ensure efficient recovery of useful minerals particularly from low-grade/complex ores in a faster and cost effective manner.
A still further object of the present invention is directed to providing a stage wise dynamic separator (DSDS) system that would perform efficiently over wider size range and at narrow specific gravity differences in mineral species.
A still further object of the present invention is directed to providing a stage wise dynamic separator (DSDS) system wherein there being no mechanical movement of any component of the system, the wear and tear is minimum ensuring longer operating life with reliable performance.
Yet further object of the present invention is directed to a simple and efficient variety of pneumatic mixing device adapted for solids and liquid such as water mixing under influence of compressed air.

Another object of the present invention is directed to a classification device adapted for classification and segregation of solid particles based on the size and dimensions thereof under influence of compressed air and water.
Yet further aspect of the present invention is directed to advanacements in gravity separation system adapted for gravity based separation of solid particles.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The basic aspect of the present invention is thus ted to a dynamic separator adapted to favour stage wise dynamic separation of solids selectively based on various sizes, fractions and weight under the influence of compressed air and/or water comprising:
a pneumatic mixing device adapted for solids and liquid such as water mixing under influence of compressed air;
a classification device adapted for classification and segregation of solid particles based on the size and dimensions thereof under influence of compressed air and water; and
a gravity separation system adapted for gravity based separation of solid particles.
A further aspect of the present invention is directed to a dynamic separator wherein said pneumatic mixing device adapted for solids and liquid such as water mixing under influence of compressed air comprises:
a partial mixing zone comprising means adapted to enable partial mixing of the solids with the liquid/water ; and
a pneumatic mixing and agitation zone comprising a pair of columnar sections one over the other to define an outer and inner column wherein the outer columnar section is connected to a compressed air source and the inner columnar section is provided with selectively disposed slits such as to feed in compressed air involving different modes of air injection thereby favouring effective mix up of the solid and the liquid/water.

A still further aspect of the present invention is directed to said dynamic separator comprising:
said partial mixing zone comprising a feed hopper wherein the solid feed is allowed to fall freefy by gravitational force and thereafter enters a cylindrical pipe , a distributor means positioned at the center axis /open end whereby while falling along said distributor means the feed is dispersed away from the center axis and a continuing downward flow of a liquid/water column disposed thereunder said distributor means adapted to atleast partially mix the solids with the liquid/water while it is allowed to fall alongside the said liquid/water column ;
said pneumatic mixing and agitation zone comprises two concentric cylindrical sections , the outer being connected to a compressed air source and inner being perforated at various levels involving a combination of direct 90° and tangential holes.
A still further aspect of the present invention is directed to said dynamic separator as claimed in wherein said perforations in the inner section of said pneumatic mixing and agitation zone comprise perforations at various levels along the height of the section with said perforations at various level comprising a mix of perforations at 90° and tangential perforations such that the air injecting at 90° is adapted to directly hit the partially mixed inputs and the tangentially injected air is adapted to provide for a desired swirling motion to the mix for the desired vigorous agitation for mixing the compressed air preferably the direct (90°) and tangential holes are positioned alternatively.
Yet another aspect of the present invention, is directed to said dynamic separator wherein
said partial mixing zone comprises
a water column cylinder having a supply of water from the lower end to the top and adapted to further flow internally downwards along the internal edges of the said water column cylinder;
a shorter conical section having its wider end connected to the top edge of the said water column cylinder and its narrower end connected internal of said water column cylinder to a shorter cylinder ;
said arrangement of the water column cylinder, conical section and the shorter cylindrical section provided such that the feed solids distributed by said distributor means are received circumferentially there between the internal periphery of the

water column cylinder and external surface of the short cylinder whereby the solids feed slowly grazes downwards along the top to bottom flow of the water stream along the inside of the water column cylinder for effecting said partial mixing.
A further aspect of the present invention is directed to said dynamic separator wherein said classification device adapted for classification and segregation of solid particles based on the size and dimensions thereof under influence of compressed air and water comprises:
a primary classification zone having an air/water slit chamber adapted for turbulence of the slurry whereby there is upward current exerted on the feed slurry whereby the fine and lighter particles afe largely influenced and pushed further away from the center axis and the particles which overcome the upward current descend downwards while those which do not are separated as overflow particles;
a secondary classification zone adapted to further classify the particles which overcome the upward current descend downwards from the primary classification zone and means for further influencing the said particles reaching the secondary classification zone involving means for tangential inlet of air/water to thereby impart a swirling motion which enable further differentiation of particles based on the size and specific gravity of the particles into two fractions whereby the particles affected by the swirling motion are separately collected as middling and the ones not affected are collected as underflow fractions which are separated through a connecting pipeline at the bottom.
A still further aspect of the present invention is directed to said dynamic separator wherein said primary classification zone comprises of a separation vessel of rectangular-trapezoidal shape having at its central axis an air/water slit chamber adapted for selectively high pressure dispersion of air/water away from the center axis into the separation vessel, said rectangular section providing for dominance of the vertical current and the trapezoidal section providing for dominance of the hindrance current. A still further aspect of the present invention is directed to said dynamic separator wherein said rectangular section cross section can be modulated involving a cross section reducer for desired particle size cut out and a screen of pre determined size is provided

in the junction of the rectangular-trapezoidal section so as to screen out or not to allow proceeding further of solid particles of un-defined size.
Also in said dynamic separator, said secondary classification zone comprise a rectangular unit adapted to carry out secondary classification under dynamic conditions.
According to a further aspect of the present invention directed to said dynamic separator wherein said means to carry out secondary classification comprises at the bottom of the said secondary classification zone providing a conical section obtained of a rectangular solid body having a conical opening in the central axis, the base of the solid cone having tangential inlet grooves through which air and water are injected at high pressure into the conical section thereby favouring the secondary classification of particles involving a swirling motion of the particles whereby the coarse particles from the primary classification section are subjected to Jthe said swirling motion such that the particles which cannot overcome the swirling motion are carried through the side outlets at the top of the rectangular secondary classification zone and the coarser particles which overcome the effect of the swirling profile reports into a central pipeline .
A further aspect of the present invention is directed to said dynamic separator wherein in said classification device means for said air and water injection at high pressure into the conical section comprises of a three chamber concentric cylindrical sections, the outer most being connected to a compressed air source, middle one connected to a water source and also air to enter in through ports provided across same cross section and the innermost being adapted to selectively release the coarser particles not influenced by the swirling motion of the compressed air and water involving said conical section.
According to yet another aspect of the present invention is directed to a dynamic separator as described above wherein said gravity separation system for gravity based separation of solid particles comprises:
a cylindrical section on top and a conical section thereunder;
said cylindrical section comprising a lateral stratification zone and a counter current column stratification zone;

compressed air and water adapted for imparting dynamic conditions in the said zones to evaluate the specific gravity differences of solid/ore materials and segregate them into lighter and heavier fractions with means to separately collect the lighter fractions as middling's and the heavier fractions down line.
Importantly also in said dynamic separator, said gravity separation system comprises of : Feed receiving section; Lateral stratification chamber;
Counter current annular column; middlings annular column and concentrate discharge pipeline.
A further aspect of the present invention is directed to said dynamic separator wherein in said gravity separation system , said feed receiving section comprises a conically grooved solid body/reducer adapted to control the slurry inflow ;
as the feed descends downwards into a wider cross section the feed takes a diversion into umbrella shape due to the dynamic velocity profile of the lateral stratification zone.
Yet another aspect of the present invention is directed to said dynamic separator wherein said gravity separation system includes lateral stratification zone comprising a W shaped zone wherein at two levels air and water together disperse at a certain pressure/volume away from the central axis, said air and water having exit pathway through said middling column, the heavy particles penetrate through the resistance offered by the water/air at two levels in the said lateral stratification and reaches towards the counter current annular column.
Favourably also in said dynamic separator, said lateral stratification zone is adapted for changing the geometry and volume of the zone.
According to an aspect of the present invention directed to said dynamic separator wherein said gravity separation system comprises of counter current annular column dynamic in nature and adapted to critically evaluate the specific gravity of the ore body preferably said counter column is obtained of two concentric cylindrical sections ,both air and water together rising with high coercive force and exiting through said middling column such that particles which donot overcome this upward current get separated

while the particles which overcome resistance by air/water in lateral stratification and counter column zone are separated as gravity flow downward through discharge outlet.
In said dynamic separator, said gravity separation system comprises a conical section adapted to collect the concentrate and discharge through the discharge pipe preferably having a reducer to control the rate of discharge.
A further aspect of the present invention is directed to a pneumatic mixing device adapted for solids and liquid such as water mixing under influence of compressed air comprising:
a partial mixing zone comprising means adapted to enable partial mixing of the solids with the liquid/water ; and
a pneumatic mixing and agitation zone comprising a pair of columnar sections one over the other to define an outer and inner column wherein the outer columnar section is connected to a compressed air source and the inner columnar section is provided with selectively disposed slits such as to feed in compressed air involving different modes of air injection thereby favouring effective mix up of the solid and the liquid/water.
According to a further aspect of the present invention directed to said pneumatic mixing device which comprises:
said partial mixing zone comprising a feed hopper wherein the solid feed is allowed to fall freely by gravitational force and thereafter enters a cylindrical pipe , a distributor means positioned at the center axis /open end whereby while falling along said distributor means the feed is dispersed away from the center axis and a continuing downward flow of a liquid/water column disposed thereunder said distributor means adapted to atleast partially mix the solids with the liquid/water while it is allowed to fall alongside the said liquid/water column ;
said pneumatic mixing and agitation zone comprises two concentric cylindrical sections , the outer being connected to a compressed air source and inner being perforated at various levels involving a combination of direct 90° and tangential holes.

A still further aspect of the present invention is directed to a pneumatic mixing device wherein said perforations in the inner section of said pneumatic mixing and agitation zone comprise perforations at various levels along the height of the section with said perforations at various level comprising a mix of perforations at 90° and tangential perforations such that the air injecting at 90° is adapted to directly hit the partially mixed inputs and the tangentially injected air is adapted to provide for a desired swirling motion to the mix for the desired vigorous agitation for mixing the compressed air preferably the direct (90°) and tangential holes are positioned alternatively.
According to yet another aspect of the present invention directed to said pneumatic
mixing device wherein said partial mixing zone comprises
a water column cylinder having a supply of water from the lower end to the top and adapted to further flow internally downwards along the interna! edges of the said water column cylinder;
a shorter conical section having its wider end connected to the top edge of the said water column cylinder and its narrower end connected internal of said water column cylinder to a shorter cylinder;
said arrangement of the water column cylinder, conical section and the shorter cylindrical section provided such that the feed solids distributed by said distributor means are received circumferentially there between the internal periphery of the water column cylinder and external surface of the short cylinder whereby the solids feed slowly grazes downwards along the top to bottom flow of the water stream along the inside of the water column cylinder for effecting said partial mixing.
Yet another aspect of the present invention is directed to a classification device adapted for classification and segregation of solid particles based on the size and dimensions thereof under influence of compressed air and water comprising:
a primary classification zone having an air/water slit chamber adapted for turbulence of the slurry whereby there is upward current exerted on the feed slurry whereby the fine and lighter particles are largely influenced and pushed further away from the center axis and the particles which overcome the upward current descend downwards while those which do not are separated as overflow particles;

a secondary classification zone adapted to further classify the particles which overcome the upward current descend downwards from the primary classification zone and means for further influencing the said particles reaching the secondary classification zone involving means for tangential inlet of air/water to thereby impart a swirling motion which enable further differentiation of particles based on the size and specific gravity of the particles into two fractions whereby the particles affected by the swirling motion are separately collected as middling and the ones not affected are collected as underflow fractions which are separated through a connecting pipeline at the bottom.
Further in said classification device , said primary classification zone comprises of a separation vessel of rectangular-trapezoidal shape having at its central axis an air/water slit chamber adapted for selectively high pressure dispersion of air/water away from the center axis into the separation vessel, said rectangular section providing for dominance of the vertical current and the trapezoidal section providing for dominance of the hindrance current.
Advantageously, in said classification device said rectangular section cross section can be modulated involving a cross section reducer for desired particle size cut out and a screen of pre determined size is provided in the junction of the rectangular-trapezoidal section so as to screen out or not to allow proceeding further of solid particles of un-defined size.
Importantly, in said classification device said secondary classification zone comprise a rectangular unit adapted to carry out secondary classification under dynamic conditions.
A further aspect of the present invention is directed to said classification device wherein said means to carry out secondary classification comprises at the bottom of the said secondary classification zone providing a conical section obtained of a rectangular solid body having a conical opening in the central axis , the base of the solid cone having tangential inlet grooves through which air and water are injected at high pressure into the conical section thereby favouring the secondary classification of particles involving a swirling motion of the particles whereby the coarse particles from the primary classification section are subjected to the said swirling motion such that the particles which cannot overcome the swirling motion are carried through the side outlets at the

top of the rectangular secondary classification zone and the coarser particles which overcome the effect of the swirling profile reports into a central pipeline .
A still further aspect of the present invention is directed to said classification device wherein means for said air and water injection at high pressure into the conical section comprises of a three chamber concentric cylindrical sections , the outer most being connected to a compressed air source , middle one connected to a water source and also air to enter in through ports provided across same cross section and the innermost being adapted to selectively release the coarser particles not influenced by the swirling motion of the compressed air and water involving said conical section.
A further aspect of the present invention is directed to a gravity separation system for gravity based separation of solid particles comprising:
a cylindrical section on top and a conical section thereunder;
said cylindrical section comprising a lateral stratification zone and a counter current column stratification zone;
compressed air and water adapted for imparting dynamic conditions in the said zones to evaluate the specific gravity differences of solid/ore materials and segregate them into lighter and heavier fractions with means to separately collect the lighter fractions as middling's and the heavier fractions down line.
A still further aspect of the present invention is directed to said gravity separation system comprising of ;
Feed receiving section;
Lateral stratification chamber;
Counter current annular column; middlings annular column and concentrate
discharge pipeline.
yet another aspect of the present invention is directed to said gravity separation system wherein said feed receiving section comprises a conically grooved solid body/reducer adapted to control the slurry inflow ;
as the feed descends downwards into a wider cross section the feed takes a diversion into umbrella shape due to the dynamic velocity profile of the lateral stratification zone.

A still further aspect of the present invention is directed to said gravity separation system wherein said lateral stratification zone comprises a W shaped zone wherein at two levels air and water together disperse at a certain pressure /volume away from the central axis , said air and water having exit pathway through said middling column, the heavy particles penetrate through the resistance offered by the water/air at two levels in the said lateral stratification and reaches towards the counter current annular column.
Importantly also in said gravity separation system , the lateral stratification zone is adapted for changing the geometry and volume of the zone.
A still further aspect of the present invention is directed to said gravity separation system wherein the counter current annular column is dynamic in nature and adapted to critically evaluate the specific gravity of the ore body, preferably said counter column is obtained of two concentric cylindrical sections ,both air and water together rising with high coercive force and exiting through said middling column such that particles which donot overcome this upward current get separated while the particles which overcome resistance by air/water in lateral stratification and counter column zone are separated as gravity flow downward through discharge outlet.
Advantageously also said gravity separation system comprises of a conical section adapted to collect the concentrate and discharge through the discharge pipe preferably having a reducer to control the rate of discharge.
The objects and advantages of the present invention are described in greater details with reference to the following non limiting accompanying drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE ACCOMPANYING FIGURES
Figure 1: is the schematic diagram of the complete dual stage dynamic separator(DSDS) system according to the present invention showing side view and front view of the assembly of its three units viz pneumatic mixing chamber (PMC), classification chamber (CC) and gravity separation chamber (GSC).
Figure 1(A): is the schematic illustration of the pneumatic mixing chamber (PMC) of the DSDS showing front view and the side view.

Figure 1(B): is the schematic illustration of the classification chamber (CC) of the DSDS showing front view and the side view.
Figure 1(C): is the schematic illustration of the gravity separation chamber (GSC) of the DSDS showing front view and the side view.
Figure 1(A#1): is the schematic line diagram of the PMC showing its internal
construction.
Figure 1(A#2): is the schematic diagram showing different process zones in PMC.
Figure 1(A#3): is the schematic diagram showing the air and water flow profiles within
the PMC.
Figure 1(B#1): is the schematic line diagram of the CC showing internal construction.
Figure 1(B#2): is the schematic diagram showing different process zones in CC.
Figure 1(B#3): is the schematic diagram showing the air and water flow profiles within
the CC.
Figure 1(B#4): is the schematic diagram showing different views of the solid conical
section in secondary classification zone,
Figure 1(C#1): is the schematic line diagram of the GSC showing internal construction.
Figure 1(C#2): is the schematic diagram showing different process zones in GSC.
Figure 1(C#3): is the schematic diagram showing the air and water flow profiles within
the GSC.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION WITH REFERENCE TO THE ACCOMPANYING FIGURES
The present invention is directed to providing a dual stage dynamic separator system(DSDS) for efficient and effective separation of ore minerals from input feed in mineral processing industry.
Reference is first invited to the accompanying Figure 1 that schematically illustrates the dual stage dynamic separator(DSDS) system according to the present invention showing side view and front view of the complete assembly of its three units viz (A)pneumatic mixing chamber (PMC), (B)classification chamber (CC) and (C)gravity separation chamber (GSC).

Accompanying Figure 1(A) shows the details of pneumatic mixing chamber(PMC) unit of Figure 1 in side view and front view, and is meant for proper mix up of solids and water. The compressed air plays significant role to ensure proper mixing and then to descend downward.
Accompanying Figure 1(B) is the schematic illustration of the classification chamber(CC) unit of Figure 1 shown in front view and side view, and is meant for classification of finer fraction of feed. The CC is featured into primary classification zone (PCZ) and secondary classification zone (SCZ).
Accompanying Figure 1(C) is the schematic illustration of side view and front view of the Gravity separation chamber(GSC) unit of Figure 1, which is meant for gravity separation of coarser fraction of feed under dynamic conditions prevailed.
Dual Stage Dynamic Separator (DSDS) according to the present invention is an inventive design in mineral processing technology. It is configured to perform mixing/agitation, classification and gravity separation in a single stretch. The separation of ore minerals is carried out based on their size and specific gravity differences. The existing practice follows each application to be performed by separate/independent unit operation. The DSDS is literally a assembly of three inventive sub-units namely; Pneumatic Mixing Chamber (PMC), Classification Chamber (CC) and Gravity Separation Chamber (GSC). In Figure 1, (A), (B) and (C) represent PMC, CC and GSC respectively. Also the reference numerical numbers are used in said Figure 1 to designate different components i.e. (1) to represent input feed/ore body of choice sized 0.0mm to 6.0mm; (2) (4) (6) (8) (14) & (15) to represent input water at different pressure/volume; (3) (4) (5) (7) (11) (12) & (13) to represent input compressed air at different pressure/volume; and (9) (10) (16) & (17) to represent output products. The water and compressed air input at different cross section of the design results in driving force to ensure mixing/classification/gravity separation. The apparatus operates on continuous basis i.e. yields continuously four products with continuous input feed at a set process variable parameters. The products will vary one to another in terms of size distribution and assay content. The variable parameters being water and compressed air input rate are very much tangible to ensure effective velocity profiles and hence the separation (size & specific gravity) of higher precision. Also the design parameters embedded in the equipment are very flexible in obtaining the efficient separation.

The DSDS is mounted on a supporting structure and ensured its input ports are get connected with auxiliary units such as feeder, water pumping unit and compressor air unit. The pilot scale DSDS is designed to have thru-put of 0.5ton/hr to 2ton/hr. The water and air input lines are provided with pressure gauges and flow meters.
The feed sample from the vibro-feeder falls to hopper of PMC. Initially the feed is partially mixed up with water and then there will be vigorous mixing taking place by the influence of compressed air. The feed slurry resulted in PMC is reported into the CC.
The feed slurry from PMC enter at upper section of CC and is subjected to up-ward current of water and air. The particles of fine in size range do not over come the up-ward current report as overflow i.e. productl. The feed fraction of size above productl will descend downward and subjected under the dynamic velocity profiles at the bottom section of the CC. The particle of size range which do not overcome dynamic profiles reported as product2 called as middling#l. The middling#l product size will vary from 0.15mm to 2mm and particles in product are featured to be finer-heavier and coarser-lighter.
The feed-fraction which overcomes the dynamic profiles in CC is reported into the GSC. The separation profiles resulting in are highly dynamic and ensures the separation based on the particle specific gravity difference. There are two types of separation namely lateral particle stratification and counter-current stratification in GSC. The particles of lesser density finally which do not overcome the counter-current velocity will reported as product3 known as middling#2. The particles overcome the velocity profiles will be reported as product4.
It is clearly apparent from the above Figures 1 A, B & C that the mineral Feed is first fed to PMC (A) and the feed size can be -6mm.Water input (2) is connected to PMC(A) and it mix up with solids by the influence of compressed air (3). Com pressed air input (3) is connected to PMC(A) and ensures proper mixing of water and air. Water input /Compressed air input (4) is connected to PMC{A) and is having no role in classification chamber (CC)(B). It is having positive effect in gravity separation chamber (GSC) (C).
Water input(5) is connected to CC(B) and it influences primary classification. Compressed air input(6) is connected to CC(B) and it influences primary classification (Product 1-

Overflow).Compressed air input(7) is also connected to CC(B) and is responsible for secondary classification of minerals (Product 2 - Middling no. 1).
Water input (8) is connected to CC(B) and is responsible for secondary classification of minerals (Product 2 - Middling no. 1). Product no. 1(9) is very fine in nature and known as overflow product which is discharged from CC(B). Product no. 2(10) is comparatively coarser in nature and is known as middling no. 1 which is also discharged from CC(B).
Compressed air input(ll) is connected to GSC and is mainly responsible for increasing lifting force of light weight particles. Compressed air input(12) is connected to GSC and is mainly responsible for increasing the upward resistance in annular column. Compressed air input(13) is connected to GSC and is mainly responsible for ensuring the lateral force radially away from the center axis at two levels in the stratification zone.
Water input(14) is connected to GSC and is mainly responsible for increasing the upward resistance in annular column. Water rnput(15) is connected to GSC and is mainly responsible for ensuring the lateral force radially away from the center axis at two levels in the lateral stratification zone.
Product no. 3(16) is comparatively lighter in weight in nature and is known as middling no. 2. Product no. 4(17) is comparatively heavier in weight in nature. Both products no. 3 and no. 4 are obtained from output of GSC(C).
Pneumatic Mixing Chamber (PMC) is an inventive design, which performs solid and water mixing by the influence of compressed air. Present design is capable to accomodate a thru-put of 0.5 to 2tons/hr. The PMC can be used as independent mixing unit if it required for any kind of ore or application.
Accompanying Figurel(A#l) is the schematic line diagram of PMC showing the internal construction, Figurel(A#2) shows schematically different process zones inside the PMC and Figurel(A#3) shows the air and water flow profile within PMC. In all these three figures, (1) represents input feed of size preferably less than 6mm. (2) represents the water input and (3) represents compressed air input. The input water rate will be substantially more than that of feed rate by weight and can be varied as per the requirement of application. Similarly the air rate (pressure/volume) plays significant role

in ensuring the proper solid and water mixing. The air inflow can be varied as per the requirement. The air and water input rate are the variable parameters of the PMC.
Figurel(A#l) represents the line diagram of the PMC and clearly represents its main parts based on their functions. Mainly there are four parts, namely feed receiving hopper, supporting rods, partial mixing section and vigorous mixing/pneumatic agitation zone.
The feed sample to be trialed is discharged at a defined rate (ton/hr) from the vibro-feeder and freely falls on the lower section of feed receiving hopper. The feed as it falls on inner surface of the hopper slides down by gravitational force along the surface and enter into the cylindrical pipe welded at narrow opening of the hopper. The freely falling feed in the cylindrical pipe hits the distributor positioned in center axis/open end so that the feed disperses away from the center axis. The feed moisture is a significant factor for the efficient performance of the hopper and preferably less moisture in the feed is prerequisite for smooth run.
The supporting rods (6nos) hold feed hopper and mixing chamber at common center axis. The gap-distance between hopper discharge mouth and receiving mouth of mixing chamber can be adjusted by variable-length supporting rods.
The partial mixing zone constitutes i) outer cylinder connected to water source and ii) inner cylindrical-conical section wherein partial mixing takes place. The feed discharge from the hopper falls on a flowing water film at conical section and partially mixed up with water, then reports into the vigorous mixing section. The uniform feed dispersion on flowing water film is very much important so as to obtain the effective mixing.
The vigorous mixing zone has got two concentric cylindrical sections; outer is to connect the compressed air source and inner being perforated at five levels is to disperse the air into mixing zone. Out of five levels, three are perforated 90° to the center axis and remaining two perforated tangentially. The direct and tangential holes are positioned alternatively. The air pressure is comparatively very high to ensure proper mix up. The air injecting at 90° directly hits partially mixed slurry stream and tangentially injected air ensures swirling motion of the slurry. The two different mode of air injection ensure the proper mix up of solid and water.

Figurel(A#2) represent the different zones in PMC. There are different zone at different cross section of PMC. The mechanism of each zone is differentiated.
In feed receiving zone represented by lower section of the feed hopper, wherein feed falls and simultaneously displaces down by gravitational force.
In feed distribution section is represented by the cylindrical pipe. The distribution away from center axis is happened due to the solid cone positioned at the bottom on central axis.
The water chamber connects to the water source (2). The water input to the water chamber is measured and controlled by flow meter and valve.
The water rising column is in the form annular column and wherein water rises at certain high pressure due to the narrow cross section and deflects down to the deflector plate at the top.
The water film is formed on inner surface of cylindrical section of partial mixing chamber. The water film thickness varies with respect in input water rate.
The partial mixing zone is represented by the lower section of the conical section of partial mixing chamber. The solids are dispersed just above the bottom mouth of the cone will get in contact with water film and leads to partial mix up of water and solids. The proper ratio of input water and feed rate is very much essential for effective mixing.
The pneumatic mixing takes place while solids and water flowing down along the inner wall of the cylindrical pipe. The intense air pressure coming in from the perforations provided in the pipe will make sure the proper agitation.
The air distribution chamber is formed around the pneumatic mixing zone. The chamber is connected to compressed air source through the pressure gauge and control valve. The inner body of the chamber has got perforations through which air is injected into the agitation zone.

Air release column is resulted by the air which is coming out of the agitation zone. This air column is being low pressure zone through which air is released into atmosphere. The low pressure zone exists because of PMC is immersed in slurry of the CC.
The slurry is carried down stream by comparatively wider pipe which is inserted into CC by about 25mm to 50mm.
Figurel (A#3) represents air and water flow profiles in PMC. In the figure the open arrow head of 90° represents the feed input, doped/blank arrow represents the compressed air input and closed/filled arrow represents the water input. The arrows represent flow profiles of water and air inside PMC.
Classification Chamber (CC) as part of DSDS according to the present invention is an inventive design and is meant for the separation of very fine particles from the coarser particles known as classification. Based on the classification prevailed in CC, two zones namely primary classification zone (PCZ) and secondary classification zone (SCZ) are identified. The classified productl is obtained from tne PCZ is very fine in size. The classified product2 is obtained from the SCZ is known as middling#2. The CC can be used as independent Classification unit if it required for any kind of ore or similar application.
Accompanying Figure 1(B#1) is the schematic line diagram of CC showing the internal construction features, Figure 1(B#2) is the schematic diagram showing the different process zones within CC , Figure 1(B#3) is the schematic illustration showing the air and water flow profile within CC and Figure 1(B#4) is the schematic illustration showing solid conical section of SCZ in CC; In all these three figures, (4) (6) (8) represents water input points connected to source; and (4) (5) (7) represents the compressed air input ports, (9) represents productl discharge port and (10) represents product2 discharge port. The water and air inputs being the variable parameters play a significant role to achieve efficient classification. The water/air flow rates are measured and controlled by flow meters and valves respectively.
Figure 1(B#1) represents the line diagram of the CC and clearly represents its main functional parts. Mainly there are four parts, namely i) primary classification zone(PCZ), ii) air/water vertical slit chamber, iii) secondary classification zone(SCZ), iv) tangential inlet air/water chamber and v) connecting pipe.

The PCZ is fortified by a separation vessel of rectangular-trapezoidal shape. In rectangular section of vessel, vertical current is dominant and in trapezoidal section hindrance current is dominant. The cross sectional area of rectangular section of the vessel can be varied by inserting/changing the cross-section reducer. The cross-section reducer is one of the main design parameter in order to obtain the desired particle cut size. By inserting the cross-section reducer, a dead zone comes into the picture and which do not have any role in particle separation. A screen of suitable aperture (6mm to 10mm) is inserted at the juncture of rectangular-trapezoidal sections. The screen is prerequisite and purposed to screen out or not to allow proceeding further if any ore body of un-defined size (wider-size) enters into PCZ. The separation vessel is attached to a launder to collect and carry the productl.
The air/water vertical slit chamber is positioned in the center axis of separation vessel. Slit chamber is connected to air/water source through the trapezoidal section. There are 5 slit openings in chamber, through which air/water at certain higher pressure are dispersed away from the center axis into the separation vessel. The slit gap can be adjusted and is one of the important design parameter.
The SCZ is fixed beneath the PCZ. The SCZ has got rectangular body and wherein secondary classification of minerals takes place under dynamic conditions. The two opposite faces of the SCZ provisioned for discharging the product2 and remaining two opposite faces makes passage for underflow fraction of PCZ. The inverted U-shaped is welded to the opposite faces in aligned with product2 discharge ports. The underflow fraction of PCZ as reaches to the conical section of SCZ gets separated into two fractions. The coarser fraction reports into the GSC and finer fraction (product2) rise up in swirling mode and finally enter into inverted U-chamber. The inverted U-chamber connects two discharge (product2) pipes connecting opposite faces of the chamber. The volume flow of the product2 is controlled by varying the diameter of the discharge pipes and it is one of the important design parameter of the apparatus. At the bottom of SCZ there is provided a conical cross section by inserting a rectangular-solid body which has conical opening in its center axis. The conical section of the SCZ plays significant role in obtaining better separation. The cone angle is one of the design parameter of the apparatus. The base of the solid cone has got tangential inlet grooves through which air and water enters at a certain high pressure into the conical section and leads to secondary classification of particles. Accompanying Figure 1(B#4) is the schematic illustration of the solid conical

section of SCZ showing its different views and the tangential inlet grooves for air and water injections.
The tangential inlet air/water chamber is positioned below the SCZ. The chamber has got three concentric cylindrical sections. The outer most is connected to the compressed air source. The middle one is connected to the water source and also the air to enter in through the perforations provided across same cross section. The inner most section is for carrying the classified coarse fraction into the Y-connecting pipe. The water/air from middle zone enters at an intense speed tangentially into the conical section of the SCZ and results swirling velocity profiles so as to obtain effective secondary classification of ore minerals. The coarser particles which overcome the effect of swirling profiles reports into the central pipe.
The Y-shaped pipe connects the CC and GSC, The main purpose of the connecting pipe is to minimize the turbulence effect in the GSC. The vertical section of the pipe shall be connected either compressed air or water source depending upon the requirement. The lower end of the connecting pipe is provided with the control valve.
Figure 1(B#2) represent the different zones in CC. There are different zones at different cross section of CC. The mechanism of each zone can be differentiated.
The turbulence zone exists around the air/water slit chamber. The turbulence of the slurry is due to the high intensity at which air and water dispersed into the classification vessel in umbrella fashion. In turbulence zone the finer and lighter particles are pushed farther away from the center axis.
Primary classification zone exists around the turbulence zone. In classification zone there is up-ward current water. The fine and light particles influenced largely by the turbulence force and reaches primary classification zone. The particles which over come the upward current will descend downward and those which do not will report as productl.
The dead zone exists in rectangular section of classification vessel. Dead zone exists only when cross-section reducer inserted into the vessel and which is optional. Dead zone has functionally no role in particle segregation but is having indirect effect. If the cross section of the dead zone increases, there will be an increased effect of upward current and visa versa.

Hindrance zone exists in trapezoidal section. In hindrance zone hindered settling effect and particles are stratified based on their size and specific gravity differences. This zone is heavily loaded with high percentage of solids representing the dense particle zone. The dense particle zone connects the SCZ and hence leads to segregated fraction of feed to descend into the secondary classification zone.
The dynamic zone exists in conical section of the SCZ. The dynamic conditions are due to pressurized tangential input of air and water from the base of cone. The swirling profiles resulted utilize the size and specific gravity difference of the particles to segregate into two fraction as product2 known as middling#l and underflow fraction.
Figure 1(B#3) represent air and water flow profiles in CC. In the figure the open arrow of 90° represents the feed slurry input, closed/blank arrow represents the compressed air input and closed/filled arrow represents the water input. The arrows represent flow profiles of water and air inside CC.
Gravity Separation Chamber (GSC) is an inventive design and is meant for the gravity separation of ore minerals. The GSC has got an out look of cylindrical and conical shape. The particle separation phenomenon takes place only in upper cylindrical section of GSC. Across the cross section of the cylindrical section, functionally it can be is again divided into lateral stratification zone and counter stratification zone. The dynamic conditions prevailed in GSC critically evaluate the specific gravity differences of ore bodies and segregate them into lighter and heavier fractions. The lighter fraction reports as product3 is known as middling#2 and heavier fractions reports as product4. There are two different types of stratification zones are identified namely lateral stratification zone and counter current annular stratification zone. The GSC can be used as independent gravity separation unit if so required for any kind of ore or similar application.
Accompanying Figure 1(C#1) is the schematic line diagram showing the internal construction of the GSC, Figure 1(C#2) is the schematic diagram showing the different process zones inside the GSC and Figure 1(C#3) is the schematic diagram showing the air and water flow profile inside the GSC; (11), (12), (13) represents input compressed air ports. (14), (15) represents the water input ports, (16) represents product3 discharge port and (17) represents product.4 discharge port. The water and air inputs being the variable parameters play a significant role to achieve efficient gravity separation. The water/air flow rates are measured and controlled by flow meters and valves respectively.

Figure 1(C#1) represents the line diagram of the GSC and which reveals clearly five functional zones namely i) feed receiving section, ii) lateral stratification chamber, iii) counter current annular column, iv) middling#2 annular column v) concentrate discharge pipe.
The feed receiving section connects to the Y-connecting pipe. At the feed receiving point, there is a conically grooved solid body known as reducer and is for controlling slurry inflow from the CC. As feed descends into the wider cross section takes a diversion into the umbrella shape due to the dynamic velocity profile of the lateral stratification zone. Therefore the reducer is one of the important variable design parameter.
The lateral stratification zone resembles W-shape. In this zone, at two levels air and water together disperse at a certain pressure/volume away from the center axis. The air and water have exit path through annular middling column. The air/water while on its motion pushes the lighter particle laterally farther towards middling column. The heavy particles penetrate through the resistance offered by the water/air track at two levels in the lateral stratification and reaches towards the counter current annular column. The GSC has provided with four variable design parameters to change the volume and geometry of lateral stratification zone. The geometry and volume of lateral stratification zone is one of the important variable design parameter.
The counter current annular column is very much dynamic in nature and critically evaluates the specific gravity of the ore body. Counter column is resulted between two concentric cylindrical sections. The height and cross sectional area of the annular column can be varied based on the requirement. Both air and water together rising with high coercive force and finds exit path through the middling column. The particles which do not overcome this up-ward current, re-track towards middling column and from there reports as product3. The mineral grains which overcome resistance provided by air/water in lateral stratification and counter column zone will reports as product4/heavy fraction. The conical section of the GSC collects the concentrate and discharges through the discharge-pipe. The cross sectional area and column height being important variable design parameter plays a significant role is separation of higher precision.
Middling#2 annular column exist just at outer boundary line of lateral stratification zone. There will be a highly intense up-ward current in middling column being a common out let for all input air to GSC. The up-ward current is very much strong enough to lift even a

grain size of up to 6mm. The cross sectional area and height of the middling column plays indirectly a significant role for the efficient separation and hence it becomes one of the important variable design parameter. The out put of the middling column reports into the collection launder is known as product#3.
The concentrate discharge pipe is attached to the conical section of GSC and will play an important role. Across the receiving mouth of the pipe a reducer is fixed and is purposed to control the discharge rate of the product4. The reducer is one of the variable design parameter of the discharge pipe. The longitudinal sections of the discharge pipe will also a positive effect on the product4 discharge and the variable length of the longitudinal section of the pipe will be considered one of the important variable design parameter.
Figure 1(C#2) represents the different zones in GSC. There are different zones at different cross section of GSC. The mechanism of each zone on particle stratification can be differentiated.
Feed receiving pipe has been intentionally maintained more height, purposed to minimize the turbulence effect in lateral stratification zone.
In lateral stratification zone primary segregation of particles takes place. The lighter particles from feed pipe comparatively influenced more by the lateral current of air and water at two levels and will take diversion in lateral (diagonally up) direction i.e. towards the middling column and from there to the collection launder. The heavier fraction descends towards the counter current column.
The product3 (Middling 2) column is meant for catching up of the lighter particles and then reporting into the launder. The intense upward current present in will be strong enough to lift up the lighter/coarser particles in the column. The intense upward current in middling column creates a negative exhaust force to catch up the particles under suspension at the bottom tip of the middling column.
The air column is outer most section of the GSC and at the out side of the middling column. This air column is mainly purposed to accelerate the slurry velocity in the middling so that even coarsest lighter particle can be lifted out into the launder.
The counter current column particle separation takes place based on the specific gravity differences of minerals. In this area there will be a counter motion of solids and

air/water. The solids will have a tendency by their gravitational force and air/water flow results upward resistance to the descending particles.
There are two air/water chambers at the center axis of the GSC. The chambers are differentiated in their shapes, one is of cylindrical and another one is of conical in shape. Both the chambers are positioned one above the other and are provided with a slit opening in between to disperse air/water. At the top of the conical slit one more slit opening is provided to disperse air/water. The dispersion of air/water at two slits is extended into the lateral stratification zone.
The upward and downward air/water column encircles the counter current column. The upward column is outer most of the GSC and which connects water and air source. The air and water as enters into the outer column rises steadily and diverts into the downward column. The total air and maximum amount of water in the downward column report into the counter column.
The conical section of the GSC is mean for receiving the solids descending from the counter column and directing them into the discharge pipe.
Figure 1(C#3) represent air and water flow profiles in GSC. In the figure the open arrow of 90° represents the feed slurry input, closed/blank arrow represents the compressed air input and closed/filled arrow represents the water input. The arrows represent flow profiles of water and air inside GSC.
The sequence of dual stage separation of mineral ore particles and functional description of the DSDS are thus briefly summarized as follows,
1. The input feed (any ore body) must be sized to -6mm and then loaded to the vibro-feeder. The moisture of the feed shall be as less as possible for easy discharge.
2. The input parameters (air & water) of apparatus should be switched on and adjust their ratings to an approximate values, then switch on feeding at a certain rate (tph).
3. The feed falls on the hopper of PMC. From the conical section of the hopper, feed slides into the cylindrical section which will disperse the solids away from the center axis.

4. The solids from hopper fall on water film flowing on the conical surface/section of the partial mixing zone. The partially mixed mass of water and solids flows down into the cylindrical region and is subjected to intense force of compressed air. Thus the proper slurry formed reports into CC.
5. The compressed air introduced for mixing purpose find passage into the atmosphere i.e. air will not entrain into the CC in order to avoid the turbulence in PCZ.
6. As the slurry enter into the PCZ, the feed solids are subjected to lateral force at different levels of the slit chamber. The air coming out of the slit opening resist particle settling and water pushes the finer particles into the PCZ. The particles in PCZ are subjected to the classification profiles and then separated either as overflow (productl) or underflow fractions. The overflow fraction is collected in overflow launder.
7. The air/water input rate into the slit chamber have significant effect on separation cut point.
8. The segregated coarser fraction in PCZ reports into SCZ. In SCZ, the feed fraction is subjected to highly swirling-dynamic velocity profiles of water and air. The swirling profiles are resulted due the tangential injection air and water at a certain pressure. The secondary classification takes place under swirling profiles. The intermediate sized fraction as product2 comes out through opposite side walls of the SCZ.
9. The input rate of air and water have significant effect on separation cut point in SCZ.
10. The product2 size range is 0.15mm to 2mm.
11. The coarser fraction i.e. underflow of SCZ reports into the GSC through the Y-connecting pipe.
12. As the feed enters in GSC, are subjected to the lateral separation. The light weight particles are moved farther i.e towards the middling column. The heavier particles descend towards to the counter current column.
13. Any misplaced light weight particles are again subject to upwards profiles in counter current column and pushed upward/towards the middling column.
14. The intense upward current present in middling column drags the lighter particles to report into the middling#2 launder.
15. The heavier fraction which overcomes upward resistance in the counter column report as product4.

It is thus possible by way of the present invention to providing a dual stage dynamic separator (DSDS) for beneficiation of mineral ore involving both classification and gravity separation in a single apparatus with high metallurgical efficiency, less maintenance, least power consumption and high throughput. There is no mechanical movement in the design and it utilizes water and compressed air as driving force for the separation and is capable of yielding four different products with one input feed.

We Claim:
1. A dynamic separator adapted to favour stage wise dynamic separation of solids
selectively based on various sizes, fractions and weight under the influence of
compressed air and/or water comprising:
a pneumatic mixing device adapted for solids and liquid such as water mixing under influence of compressed air;
a classification device adapted for classification and segregation of solid particles based on the size and dimensions thereof under influence of compressed air and water; and
a gravity separation system adapted for gravity based separation of solid particles.
2. A dynamic separator as claimed in claim 1 wherein said pneumatic mixing device
adapted for solids and liquid such as water mixing under influence of compressed air
comprises:
a partial mixing zone comprising means adapted to enable partial mixing of the solids with the liquid/water; and
a pneumatic mixing and agitation zone comprising a pair of columnar sections one over the other to define an outer and inner column wherein the outer columnar section is connected to a compressed air source and the inner columnar section is provided with selectively disposed slits such as to feed in compressed air involving different modes of air injection thereby favouring effective mix up of the solid and the liquid/water.
3. A dynamic separator as claimed in as claimed in claim 2 comprising:
said partial mixing zone comprising a feed hopper wherein the solid feed is allowed to fall freely by gravitational force and thereafter enters a cylindrical pipe , a distributor means positioned at the center axis /open end whereby while falling along said distributor means the feed is dispersed away from the center axis and a continuing downward flow of a liquid/water column disposed thereunder said distributor means adapted to atleast partially mix the solids with the liquid/water while it is allowed to fall alongside the said liquid/water column ;

said pneumatic mixing and agitation zone comprises two concentric cylindrical sections , the outer being connected to a compressed air source and inner being perforated at various levels involving a combination of direct 90° and tangential
holes.
4. A dynamic separator as claimed in as claimed in anyone of claims 2 or 3 wherein said perforations in the inner section of said pneumatic mixing and agitation zone comprise perforations at various levels along the height of the section with said perforations at various level comprising a mix of perforations at 90° and tangential perforations such that the air injecting at 90° is adapted to directly hit the partially mixed inputs and the tangentially injected air is adapted to provide for a desired swirling motion to the mix for the desired vigorous agitation for mixing the compressed air preferably the direct (90°) and tangential holes are positioned alternatively.
5. A dynamic separator as claimed in as claimed in anyone of claims 2 to 4 wherein said partial mixing zone comprises
a water column cylinder having a supply of water from the lower end to the top and adapted to further flow internally downwards along the internal edges of the said water column cylinder;
a shorter conical section having its wider end connected to the top edge of the said water column cylinder and its narrower end connected internal of said water column cylinder to a shorter cylinder;
said arrangement of the water column cylinder, conical section and the shorter cylindrical section provided such that the feed solids distributed by said distributor means are received circumferentially there between the internal periphery of the water column cylinder and external surface of the short cylinder whereby the solids feed slowly grazes downwards along the top to bottom flow of the water stream along the inside of the water column cylinder for effecting said partial mixing.
6. A dynamic separator as claimed in as claimed in anyone of claims 1 to 5 wherein
said classification device adapted for device adapted for classification and
segregation of solid particles based on the size and dimensions thereof under
influence of compressed air and water comprises:

a primary classification zone having an air/water slit chamber adapted for turbulence of the slurry whereby there is upward current exerted on the feed slurry whereby the fine and lighter particles are largely influenced and pushed further away from the center axis and the particles which overcome the upward current descend downwards while those which do not are separated as overflow particles;
a secondary classification zone adapted to further classify the particles which overcome the upward current descend downwards from the primary classification zone and means for further influencing the said particles reaching the secondary classification zone involving means for tangential inlet of air/water to thereby impart a swirling motion which enable further differentiation of particles based on the size and specific gravity of the particles into two fractions whereby the particles affected by the swirling motion are separately collected as middling and the ones not affected are collected as underflow fractions which are separated through a connecting pipeline at the bottom.
7. A dynamic separator as claimed in as claimed in claim 6 wherein said primary classification zone comprises of a separation vessel of rectangular-trapezoidal shape having at its central axis an air/water slit chamber adapted for selectively high pressure dispersion of air/water away from the center axis into the separation vessel, said rectangular section providing for dominance of the vertical current and the trapezoidal section providing for dominance of the hindrance current.
8. A dynamic separator as claimed in as claimed in claim 7 wherein said rectangular section cross section can be modulated involving a cross section reducer for desired particle size cut out and a screen of pre determined size is provided in the junction of the rectangular-trapezoidal section so as to screen out or not to allow proceeding further of solid particles of un-defined size.
9. A dynamic separator as claimed in as claimed in anyone of claims 6 to 8 wherein said secondary classification zone comprise a rectangular unit adapted to carry out secondary classification under dynamic conditions.
10. A dynamic separator as claimed in as claimed in anyone of claims 6 to 9 wherein said means to carry out secondary classification comprises at the bottom of the said secondary classification zone providing a conical section obtained of a

rectangular solid body having a conical opening in the central axis , the base of the solid cone having tangential inlet grooves through which air and water are injected at high pressure into the conical section thereby favouring the secondary classification of particles involving a swirling motion of the particles whereby the coarse particles from the primary classification section are subjected to the said swirling motion such that the particles which cannot overcome the swirling motion are carried through the side outlets at the top of the rectangular secondary classification zone and the coarser particles which overcome the effect of the swirling profile reports into a central pipeline .
11. A dynamic separator as claimed in claim 10 wherein in said classification device
means for said air and water injection at high pressure into the conical section
comprises of a three chamber concentric cylindrical sections , the outer most
being connected to a compressed air source , middle one connected to a water
source and also air to enter in through ports provided across same cross section
and the innermost being adapted to selectively release the coarser particles not
influenced by the swirling motion of the compressed air and water involving said
conical section.
12. A dynamic separator as claimed in anyone of claims 1 to 11 wherein said gravity
separation system for gravity based separation of solid particles comprises:
a cylindrical section on top and a conical section thereunder;
said cylindrical section comprising a lateral stratification zone and a counter current column stratification zone;
compressed air and water adapted for imparting dynamic conditions in the said zones to evaluate the specific gravity differences of solid/ore materials and segregate them into lighter and heavier fractions with means to separately collect the lighter fractions as middling's and the heavier fractions down line.
13. A dynamic separator as claimed in claim 12 wherein said gravity separation
system comprises of:
Feed receiving section;
Lateral stratification chamber;
Counter current annular column; middlings annular column and concentrate
discharge pipeline.

14. A dynamic separator as claimed in anyone of claims 1 to 13 wherein in said
gravity separation system , said feed receiving section comprises a conically
grooved solid body/reducer adapted to control the slurry inflow ;
as the feed descends downwards into a wider cross section the feed takes a diversion into umbrella shape due to the dynamic velocity profile of the lateral stratification zone.
15. A dynamic separator as claimed in anyone of claims 1 to 14 wherein said gravity separation system includes lateral stratification zone comprising a W shaped zone wherein at two levels air and water together disperse at a certain pressure /volume away from the central axis , said air and water having exit pathway through said middling column, the heavy particles penetrate through the resistance offered by the water/air at two levels in the said lateral stratification and reaches towards the counter current annular column.
16. A dynamic separator as claimed in claim 15 wherein the lateral stratification zone is adapted for changing the geometry and volume of the zone.
17. A dynamic separator as claimed in anyone of claims 1 to 16 wherein said gravity separation system comprises of counter current annular column dynamic in nature and adapted to critically evaluate the specific gravity of the ore body preferably said counter column is obtained of two concentric cylindrical sections ,both air and water together rising with high coercive force and exiting through said middling column such that particles which donot overcome this upward current get separated while the particles which overcome resistance by air/water in lateral stratification and counter column zone are separated as gravity flow downward through discharge outlet.
18. A dynamic separator as claimed in anyone of claims 1 to 17 wherein said gravity separation system comprises a conical section adapted to collect the concentrate and discharge through the discharge pipe preferably having a reducer to control the rate of discharge.
19. A pneumatic mixing device adapted for solids and liquid such as water mixing under influence of compressed air comprising:
a partial mixing zone comprising means adapted to enable partial mixing of the solids with the liquid/water; and

a pneumatic mixing and agitation zone comprising a pair of columnar sections one over the other to define an outer and inner column wherein the outer columnar section is connected to a compressed air source and the inner columnar section is provided with selectively disposed slits such as to feed in compressed air involving different modes of air injection thereby favouring effective mix up of the solid and the liquid/water.
20. A pneumatic mixing device as claimed in claim 19 comprising:
said partial mixing zone comprising a feed hopper wherein the solid feed is allowed to fall freely by gravitational force and thereafter enters a cylindrical pipe , a distributor means positioned at the center axis /open end whereby while falling along said distributor means the feed is dispersed away from the center axis and a continuing downward flow of a liquid/water column disposed thereunder said distributor means adapted to atleast partially mix the solids with the liquid/water while it is allowed to fall alongside the said liquid/water column ;
said pneumatic mixing and agitation zone comprises two concentric cylindrical sections , the outer being connected to a compressed air source and inner being perforated at various levels involving a combination of direct 90° and tangential holes.
21. A pneumatic mixing device as claimed in anyone of claims 19 and 20 wherein said perforations in the inner section of said pneumatic mixing and agitation zone comprise perforations at various levels along the height of the section with said perforations at various level comprising a mix of perforations at 90° and tangential perforations such that the air injecting at 90° is adapted to directly hit the partially mixed inputs and the tangentially injected air is adapted to provide for a desired swirling motion to the mix for the desired vigorous agitation for mixing the compressed air preferably the direct (90°) and tangential holes are positioned alternatively.
22. A pneumatic mixing device as claimed in anyone of claims 19 to 21 wherein said partial mixing zone comprises

a water column cylinder having a supply of water from the lower end to the top and adapted to further flow internally downwards along the internal edges of the said water column cylinder;
a shorter conical section having its wider end connected to the top edge of the said water column cylinder and its narrower end connected internal of said water column cylinder to a shorter cylinder ;
said arrangement of the water column cylinder, conical section and the shorter cylindrical section provided such that the feed solids distributed by said distributor means are received circumferentially there between the internal periphery of the water column cylinder and external surface of the short cylinder whereby the solids feed slowly grazes downwards along the top to bottom flow of the water stream along the inside of the water column cylinder for effecting said partial mixing.
23. A classification device adapted for device adapted for classification and segregation of solid particles based on the size and dimensions thereof under influence of compressed air and water comprising:
a primary classification zone having an air/water slit chamber adapted for turbulence of the slurry whereby there is upward current exerted on the feed slurry whereby the fine and lighter particles are largely influenced and pushed further away from the center axis and the particles which overcome the upward current descend downwards while those which do not are separated as overflow particles;
a secondary classification zone adapted to further classify the particles which overcome the upward current descend downwards from the primary classification zone and means for further influencing the said particles reaching the secondary classification zone involving means for tangential inlet of air/water to thereby impart a swirling motion which enable further differentiation of particles based on the size and specific gravity of the particles into two fractions whereby the particles affected by the swirling motion are separately collected as middling and the ones not affected are collected as underflow fractions which are separated through a connecting pipeline at the bottom.

24. A classification device as claimed in claim 23 wherein said primary classification zone comprises of a separation vessel of rectangular-trapezoidal shape having at its central axis an air/water slit chamber adapted for selectively high pressure dispersion of air/water away from the center axis into the separation vessel, said rectangular section providing for dominance of the vertical current and the trapezoidal section providing for dominance of the hindrance current.
25. A classification device as claimed in claim 24 wherein said rectangular section cross section can be modulated involving a cross section reducer for desired particle size cut out and a screen of pre determined size is provided in the junction of the rectangular-trapezoidal section so as to screen out or not to allow proceeding further of solid particles of un-defined size.
26. A classification device as claimed in anyone of claims 23 to 25 wherein said secondary classification zone comprise a rectangular unit adapted to carry out secondary classification under dynamic conditions.
27. A classification device as claimed in claim 26 wherein said means to carry out secondary classification comprises at the bottom of the said secondary classification zone providing a conical section obtained of a rectangular solid body having a conical opening in the central axis , the base of the solid cone having tangential inlet grooves through which air and water are injected at high pressure into the conical section thereby favouring the secondary classification of particles involving a swirling motion of the particles whereby the coarse particles from the primary classification section are subjected to the said swirling motion such that the particles which cannot overcome the swirling motion are carried through the side outlets at the top of the rectangular secondary classification zone and the coarser particles which overcome the effect of the swirling profile reports into a central pipeline .
28. A classification device as claimed in claim 27 wherein means for said air and water injection at high pressure into the conical section comprises of a three chamber concentric cylindrical sections , the outer most being connected to a compressed air source , middle one connected to a water source and also air to enter in through ports provided across same cross section and the innermost being adapted to selectively release the coarser particles not influenced by the swirling motion of the compressed air and water involving said conical section.
29. A gravity separation system for gravity based separation of solid particles comprising:

a cylindrical section on top and a conical section thereunder;
said cylindrical section comprising a lateral stratification zone and a counter current column stratification zone;
compressed air and water adapted for imparting dynamic conditions in the said zones to evaluate the specific gravity differences of solid/ore materials and segregate them into lighter and heavier fractions with means to separately collect the lighter fractions as middling's and the heavier fractions down line.
30. A gravity separation system as claimed in claim 29 comprising of:
Feed receiving section;
Lateral stratification chamber;
Counter current annular column; middlings annular column and concentrate
discharge pipeline.
31. A gravity separation system as claimed in anyone of claims 29 to 30 wherein said
feed receiving section comprises a conically grooved solid body/reducer adapted
to control the slurry inflow ;
as the feed descends downwards into a wider cross section the feed takes a diversion into umbrella shape due to the dynamic velocity profile of the lateral stratification zone.
32. A gravity separation system as claimed in anyone of claims 29 to 31 wherein said lateral stratification zone comprises a W shaped zone wherein at two levels air and water together disperse at a certain pressure /volume away from the central axis , said air and water having exit pathway through said middling column, the heavy particles penetrate through the resistance offered by the water/air at two levels in the said lateral stratification and reaches towards the counter current annular column.
33. A gravity separation system as claimed in claim 32 wherein the lateral stratification zone is adapted for changing the geometry and volume of the zone.
34. A gravity separation system as claimed in anyone of claims 30 to 33 wherein the counter current annular column is dynamic in nature and adapted to critically evaluate the specific gravity of the ore body preferably said counter column is obtained of two concentric cylindrical sections ,both air and water together rising

with high coercive force and exiting through said middling column such that particles which donot overcome this upward current get separated while the particles which overcome resistance by air/water in lateral stratification and counter column zone are separated as gravity flow downward through discharge outlet. 35. A gravity separation system as claimed in anyone of claims 29 to 34 comprising of conical section adapted to collect the concentrate and discharge through the discharge pipe preferably having a reducer to control the rate of discharge.