Description:FIELD OF INVENTION
[0001] Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to the field of construction engineering, and more particularly, a girder assembly with integrated fire resistance and composite topping and a method thereof.
BACKGROUND
[0002] In a contemporary landscape of construction, particularly in the development of multi-storey buildings, demands placed on structural frameworks are increasingly rigorous. Girders, which are integral to the structural frameworks, are predominantly fabricated from steel, chosen for their robustness and ability to bear substantial loads. However, despite ongoing advancements in construction technology, several persistent challenges continue to confront industry, particularly concerning load management, fire resistance, and longevity of materials used.
[0003] Traditional girder systems, though structurally reliable under normal conditions, frequently fail to deliver optimal performance under stress of high-impact scenarios such as intense fires or severe environmental conditions. These events severely compromise structural integrity of the girders, leading to potential catastrophic failures. Moreover, conventional girder designs often struggle with distributing loads efficiently throughout complex architectural forms. This inefficiency induces stress concentrations at critical points within a structure, accelerating wear and tear and leading to premature material failure.
[0004] The issue of fire resistance in the girder design is particularly critical, as standard steel girders loses significant strength under high temperatures, a common occurrence during building fires. Current solutions, such as the application of fire, resistant coatings or the use of supplementary protective layers, are often costly, and potentially impact the environmental footprint.
[0005] While notable innovations have been aimed at integrating additional reinforcements such as reinforcement bars and advanced composite materials into the girder design, achieving a seamless and effective composite action between the steel and concrete elements remains a challenge. The inability to perfectly integrate the materials often diminishes potential for effective stress transfer across the girder, impacting overall durability and functional lifespan of a structure. In light of these complex challenges, there is a discernible and urgent need within a market for the girder design that not only ensures more effective load distribution but also embeds enhanced fire resistance and superior integration of contemporary building materials. Such a design would markedly elevate the structural resilience and safety of buildings, particularly those situated in environments prone to natural disasters or intense urban stressors.
[0006] Hence, there is a need for an improved girder assembly which addresses the aforementioned issue(s).
OBJECTIVE OF THE INVENTION
[0007] An objective of the present invention is to provide a girder assembly (web, top flange and bottom flange) that enhances structural integrity and load-bearing capacity, thereby improving distribution of loads across a building framework.
[0008] Another objective of the invention is to incorporate a composite topping to the girder to increase stiffness and strength of the girder assembly, supporting heavier loads and enhancing overall stability between the girder and concrete.
[0009] Yet, another objective of the invention is to design an enlarged bottom flange that improves fire resistance and thermal stability, ensuring that the girder assembly withstands at high temperatures.
[0010] An objective of the invention is to strategically place reinforcing bars within the girder assembly to enhance mechanical bonding between steel and concrete, thereby optimizing composite action for dynamic load management.
[0011] Another objective of the invention is to integrate a load path that facilitates efficient transfer of vertical and lateral forces, ensuring the building's integrity under various environmental pressures, including seismic activity.
[0012] Yet, another objective of the invention is to incorporate a plurality of perforations for thermal expansion of a metal without inducing warping or buckling, thereby ensuring structural integrity of the web under high-temperature conditions and preventing catastrophic failure.
[0013] Another objective of the invention is to provide a curved shaped top flange and the bottom flange to enhance the load distribution across the girder.
[0014] An objective of the invention is to enhance structural integrity of a building framework by providing a vertical support columns that are interconnected with the girder via a plurality of end plates.
[0015] Another objective of the invention is to facilitate faster construction and reduce need for frequent maintenance, thereby the girder system offers a cost-effective solution for building projects, aligning with economic and sustainability goals.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION
[0016] In accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure, a girder assembly with integrated fire resistance and composite topping is provided. The girder assembly includes a web positioned vertically at a core of the girder fabricated from a hot-rolled steel to transfer a vertical load to a building foundation wherein the web comprises a plurality of perforations adapted to allow thermal expansion of the hot-rolled steel to prevent warping. The girder assembly also includes a top flange extended laterally from the web, wherein the top flange is adapted to provide lateral stability and distribute compressive forces across the girder. Further, the girder assembly includes a bottom flange extended laterally from the web, wherein the bottom flange is adapted to handle tensile stress that occur during load bearing, wherein the bottom flange is enlarged and adapted to withstand the girder at high temperature and fire conditions, wherein the top flange and the bottom flange are curved in shape to facilitate even load distribution across the girder. Further, the girder assembly includes a plurality of hollow slabs attached to the girder though a series of joints wherein the plurality of hollow slabs is adapted to ensure attachment of the plurality of hollow slabs to the girder while allowing for degree of structural flexibility. Further, the girder assembly includes a plurality of vertical support columns connected to the girder using a plurality of end plates wherein the plurality of vertical support columns are adapted to provide a secure mechanical connection between the plurality of vertical support columns and the girder, wherein the plurality of end plates facilitates transfer of load from the girder to the plurality of vertical support columns, wherein the vertical support columns are treated with a protective coating that is adapted to resist environmental degradation. Furthermore, the girder assembly includes a composite topping.
[0017] In accordance with another embodiment of the present disclosure, a method for assembling a girder with integrated fire resistance and composite topping is provided. The method includes allowing, by a plurality of perforations of a web, thermal expansion of the hot-rolled steel to prevent warping. The method also includes providing, by a top flange, lateral stability and distribute compressive forces across the girder. Further, the method includes handling, by a bottom flange, tensile stress that occur during load bearing, wherein the bottom flange is enlarged and adapted to withstand the girder at high temperature and fire conditions, wherein the top flange and the bottom flange are curved in shape to facilitate even load distribution across the girder. Furthermore, the method includes ensuring, by a plurality of hollow slabs, attachment of the plurality of hollow slabs to the girder while allowing for degree of structural flexibility. Moreover, the method includes providing, by a plurality of vertical support columns, a secure mechanical connection between the plurality of vertical support columns and the girder. Additionally, the method includes facilitating, by a plurality of end plates, transfer of load from the girder to the plurality of vertical support columns, wherein the vertical support columns are treated with a protective coating that is adapted to resist environmental degradation.
[0018] To further clarify the advantages and features of the present disclosure, a more particular description of the disclosure will follow by reference to specific embodiments thereof, which are illustrated in the appended figures. It is to be appreciated that these figures depict only typical embodiments of the disclosure and are therefore not to be considered limiting in scope. The disclosure will be described and explained with additional specificity and detail with the appended figures.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0019] The disclosure will be described and explained with additional specificity and detail with the accompanying figures in which:
[0020] FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of a girder assembly with integrated fire resistance and composite topping in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure;
[0021] FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of a side-view of a girder assembly of FIG. 1 in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure;
[0022] FIG. 3 is a schematic representation of a girder assembly and arrangement of reinforcement bars of FIG. 1, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure;
[0023] FIG. 4 (a), 4(b) and 4 (c) is a three-dimensional view of a girder assembly of FIG. 1 in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure; and
[0024] FIG. 5 illustrates a flow chart representing the steps involved in a method for assembling a girder with integrated fire resistance and composite topping in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0025] Further, those skilled in the art will appreciate that elements in the figures are illustrated for simplicity and may not have necessarily been drawn to scale. Furthermore, in terms of the construction of the device, one or more components of the device may have been represented in the figures by conventional symbols, and the figures may show only those specific details that are pertinent to understanding the embodiments of the present disclosure so as not to obscure the figures with details that will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art having the benefit of the description herein.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0026] For the purpose of promoting an understanding of the principles of the disclosure, reference will now be made to the embodiment illustrated in the figures and specific language will be used to describe them. It will nevertheless be understood that no limitation of the scope of the disclosure is thereby intended. Such alterations and further modifications in the illustrated system, and such further applications of the principles of the disclosure as would normally occur to those skilled in the art are to be construed as being within the scope of the present disclosure.
[0027] The terms “comprises”, “comprising”, or any other variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process or method that comprises a list of steps does not include only those steps but may include other steps not expressly listed or inherent to such a process or method. Similarly, one or more devices or subsystems or elements or structures or components preceded by "comprises... a" does not, without more constraints, preclude the existence of other devices, sub-systems, elements, structures, components, additional devices, additional sub-systems, additional elements, additional structures or additional components. Appearances of the phrase "in an embodiment", "in another embodiment" and similar language throughout this specification may, but not necessarily do, all refer to the same embodiment.
[0028] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which this disclosure belongs. The system, methods, and examples provided herein are only illustrative and not intended to be limiting.
[0029] In the following specification and the claims, reference will be made to a number of terms, which shall be defined to have the following meanings. The singular forms “a”, “an”, and “the” include plural references unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.
[0030] Embodiments of the present disclosure relates to a girder assembly with integrated fire resistance and composite topping. The girder assembly includes a web positioned vertically at a core of the girder fabricated from a hot-rolled steel to transfer a vertical load to a building foundation wherein the web comprises a plurality of perforations adapted to allow thermal expansion of the hot-rolled steel to prevent warping. The girder assembly also includes a top flange extended laterally from the web, wherein the top flange is adapted to provide lateral stability and distribute compressive forces across the girder. Further, the girder assembly includes a bottom flange extended laterally from the web, wherein the bottom flange is adapted to handle tensile stress that occur during load bearing, wherein the bottom flange is enlarged and adapted to withstand the girder at high temperature and fire conditions, wherein the top flange and the bottom flange are curved in shape to facilitate even load distribution across the girder. Further, the girder assembly includes a plurality of hollow slabs attached to the girder though a series of joints wherein the plurality of hollow slabs is adapted to ensure attachment of the plurality of hollow slabs to the girder while allowing for degree of structural flexibility. Further, the girder assembly includes a plurality of vertical support columns connected to the girder using a plurality of end plates wherein the plurality of vertical support columns are adapted to provide a secure mechanical connection between the plurality of vertical support columns and the girder, wherein the plurality of end plates facilitates transfer of load from the girder to the plurality of vertical support columns, wherein the vertical support columns are treated with a protective coating that is adapted to resist environmental degradation. Furthermore, the girder assembly includes a composite topping.
[0031] FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of a girder assembly with integrated fire resistance and composite topping in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. The girder assembly (100) addresses critical requirements of modern structural engineering, including optimized load distribution, enhanced fire resistance, and ease of integration within various architectural designs. The girder assembly (100) includes a web (110) positioned vertically at a core of the girder fabricated from a hot-rolled steel to transfer a vertical load to a building foundation. The girder assembly (100) is designed specifically for enhanced performance in multi-storey buildings. Typically, thickness and height of the web (110) is calibrated to support significant loads without compromising on efficiency of weight of the girder assembly (100).
[0032] The web (110) includes a plurality of perforations adapted to allow thermal expansion of the hot-rolled steel to prevent warping. Typically, the plurality of perforations are adapted to accommodate the thermal expansion of hot-rolled steel under high temperatures to maintain structural integrity of the web (110) and prevent catastrophic failure.
[0033] The girder assembly (100) also includes a top flange (120) extended laterally from the web (110). The top flange (120) is adapted to provide lateral stability and distribute compressive forces across the girder.
[0034] Further, the girder assembly (100) includes a bottom flange (130) extended laterally from the web. The bottom flange (130) is adapted to handle tensile stress that occurs during load bearing. Typically, the bottom flange (130) is enlarged and adapted to withstand the girder at high temperature and fire conditions. The top flange (120) and the bottom flange (130) are curved in shape to facilitate even load distribution across the girder. Typically, the curvature of the top flange (120) and the bottom flange (130) adds to aesthetic value of the girder. This curvature effectively distributes stresses evenly along the girder, enhancing the overall structural resilience of the girder assembly (100).
[0035] The hot-rolled steel used for the web (110), the top flange (120), and the bottom flange (130) are alloyed with elements that enhance its fire resistance. This alloying increases ability of the hot-rolled steel to withstand high temperatures without losing structural integrity and slows the rate at which the hot-rolled steel heats up during fire exposure.
[0036] Further, structural integrity of the girder assembly (100) is fortified through a series of welding points that joins the web (110), the top flange (120) and the bottom flange (130) with advanced welding techniques ensuring deep penetration and a robust bond that is critical for enduring dynamic stresses encountered in high-rise structures. Furthermore, to enhance durability of these welds, post-weld treatments are applied to alleviate thermal stresses induced during welding process. In conjunction with this, precise alignment and calibration of the web, the top flange (120) and bottom flange (130) is crucial for uniform stress distribution. Each component in the girder assembly (100) is achieved using laser-guided techniques, which ensures that angles and positions meet design specifications exactly, thereby minimizing risk of structural anomalies.
[0037] Further, transfer of forces from the top flange (120) and the bottom flange (130) to the web (110) and then throughout the building's framework is achieved through a combination of structural continuity and the strategic placement of welds and bolts, which secure the structural elements without compromising ability to handle loads dynamically.
[0038] Furthermore, the girder assembly (100) includes a plurality of hollow slabs (140) attached to the girder though a series of joints. The plurality of hollow slabs (140) is adapted to ensure attachment of the plurality of hollow slabs (140) to the girder while allowing for degree of structural flexibility. Typically, the plurality of hollow slab incorporates prestressing strands which contributes to the plurality of hollow slab’s ability to handle significant loads without compromising structural integrity.
[0039] The girder assembly (100) includes a plurality of vertical support columns (150) connected to the girder using a plurality of end plates. The plurality of vertical support columns (150) are adapted to provide a secure mechanical connection between the plurality of vertical support columns (150) and the girder. The plurality of end plates facilitates transfer of load from the girder to the plurality of vertical support columns (150). The vertical support columns are treated with a protective coating that is adapted to resist environmental degradation.
[0040] Typically, the girder assembly (100) incorporates a series of advanced design features that optimizes load distribution, enhance fire resistance, and facilitate integration with building materials, addressing predominant challenges in modern construction.It must be noted that an integrated load path is a critical aspect of the girder assembly (100), designed to optimize the transfer of loads and stresses across the building's structure. Further, the integrated load path is meticulously engineered to ensure that both vertical and lateral forces are smoothly transferred from the girder assembly (100) to the plurality of vertical support columns (150) and then to the building’s foundation.
[0041] Further, structural configuration allows for an efficient transfer of forces from the top flange (120) and the bottom flange (130) to the web (110) and then throughout the building's framework. This is achieved through a combination of structural continuity and strategic placement of welds and bolts, which secure structural elements without compromising ability to handle loads dynamically. Further, the load paths are also designed to accommodate dynamic loads, such as those from seismic events or wind pressure. This dynamic response capability is crucial for buildings located in geographically vulnerable areas, ensuring that the structure is flexibly and responds to external stresses without structural failure.
[0042] Further, the girder assembly (100) includes a composite topping (160). The composite topping (160) is applied to the girder assembly (100). The composite topping (160) is a blend of concrete and synthetic fibers. Further, the synthetic fibers in the concrete help to mitigate formation of cracks and improves shock absorption properties of the topping. The synthetic fibers are uniformly distributed throughout the concrete to ensure consistent performance across the entire surface of the girder with plate.
[0043] It must be noted that, prior to application of the composite topping (160), the surface of the girder's top flange (120) and portions of the web (110) are meticulously prepared to ensure optimal adhesion. This involves cleaning and slightly roughening the surface of the girder to improve mechanical bond between the steel and the concrete. The composite topping (160) is carefully poured over the prepared surfaces of the girder, ensuring even distribution and proper alignment with the structural contours of the girder. After pouring, the topping is allowed to cure under controlled conditions to achieve optimal hardness and adhesion. The curing process is monitored to ensure that the concrete sets correctly, achieving necessary strength and durability.
[0044] Once cured, the composite topping (160) significantly enhances the load-bearing capacity of the girder. The composite topping (160) acts as a rigid, cohesive layer that distributes loads more evenly across the girder, reducing stress concentrations and increasing the overall load capacity of the building.
[0045] Further, the composite topping (160) includes a plurality of reinforced bars (170) in the concrete for the structural ductility and tensile strength of the composite topping (160), enabling it to resist dynamic and static loads that buildings encounter, especially in seismic zones. The plurality of reinforced bars (170) also help in distributing the load evenly across the girder, significantly reducing risk of cracking under stress.
[0046] In a non-limiting example, consider a scenario where user X is an experienced structural engineer, selects the girder assembly (100) to meet rigorous load and safety requirements. For example, a building is in a seismic zone, and fire resistance is a key concern due to strict safety regulations. The user X opts for the girder assembly's (100) featuring the web (110) with the plurality of perforations. Typically, the plurality of the perforations in the web (110) are engineered to accommodate the thermal expansion expected in case of high-temperature events, such as a fire, without compromising the structural integrity of the building. Further, to ensure lateral stability and minimize impact of seismic activity, the user X specifies that top flange (120) and the bottom flange (130) be curved, distributing loads evenly across the girder. The enlarged bottom flange (130) handles the tensile stress and fire resistance. Further, the plurality of the hollow slabs are attached to the girder using flexible joints, allowing for slight movement and structural flexibility as the building sways during an earthquake. Furthermore, the vertical support columns, treated with protective coatings, provide robust resistance to environmental degradation, such as rust, which could weaken the structure over time. As the building reaches completion, the composite topping (160) applied to the girder adds significant stiffness and strength to the entire girder assembly (100), ensuring that a structure can bear heavy loads from both the building's weight and the contents within. Additionally, the integrated load path system efficiently transfers vertical and lateral forces, maintaining the building's stability under daily operational loads and environmental pressures like wind and seismic forces.
[0047] FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of a side-view of a girder assembly of FIG. 1 in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. The side-view includes the enlarged bottom flange (130), the plurality of reinforcement bars (170), the plurality of vertical support columns (150), the plurality of end plates (155). and the composite topping (160), and the heat-resistant coating (165).
[0048] The enlarged bottom flange (130) is strategically designed to be 20% larger than conventional girders. This enlargement improves fire resistance by providing greater thermal mass and thermal stability of the building’s structure during high-temperature events.
[0049] The plurality of reinforced bars (170) placed on a right section and a left section of the girder enables a mechanical interlock between the steel and concrete, thereby improving composite action which is crucial for dynamic load management.
[0050] The composite topping (160) significantly enhances the load-bearing capacity of the girder. Further, the composite topping (160) acts as a rigid, cohesive layer that distributes the load across the girder, reducing stress concentrations and increasing the overall load capacity of the building’s structure. Furthermore, the composite topping (160) is reinforced with 6 millimeter diameter reinforcement bars, which are strategically embedded within the concrete.
[0051] The plurality of vertical support columns (150) connected to the girder using a plurality of end plates (155).
[0052] The girder’s exposed surfaces are adapted with a heat-resistant coating (165). The heat-resistant coating (165) protects the hot-rolled steel from losing its strength under high temperatures.
[0053] It must be noted that the composite topping (160) provides additional protection against environmental factors such as moisture, chemicals, and temperature fluctuations. Further, the additional protection helps to prolong the lifespan of the girder and reduces the need for maintenance. The composite topping (160) can be easily repaired or replaced in sections, minimizing downtime and maintenance costs.
[0054] FIG. 3 is a schematic representation of a girder assembly and arrangement of reinforcement bars of FIG. 1, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. The girder assembly (100) includes the web (110), the top flange (120), the bottom flange (130), the plurality of reinforcement bars (170), welds (180), and webs (190).
[0055] The composite topping (160) is reinforced with the plurality of reinforcement bars which are strategically embedded within the concrete. Further, the plurality of reinforcement bars improves the structural ductility and tensile strength of the composite topping (160).
[0056] The welds (180) secure the structural integrity of the girder assembly (100). Further, the welds are applied at critical junctions where the web (110), the top flange (120), and the bottom flange (130) converge. Each weld is executed using high-strength welding material that fuses the web, top flange (120) and the bottom flange (130) together, forming a continuous and robust bond that is crucial for the girder's ability to withstand and distribute loads. Moreover, quality and placement of these welds are crucial for maintaining the structural integrity of the girder assembly (100). Additionally, a plurality of welding techniques are employed to ensure deep penetration and strong welds, which are essential for resisting the forces and stresses encountered in high-rise constructions. These welds are also treated as a post-application to relieve any thermal stresses induced during the welding.
[0057] The structural integrity of the girder assembly (100) is fortified through the series of points which join the web (110) to the top flange (120) and bottom flange (130). Further, the webs (190) provide structural integrity to the girder assembly (100).
[0058] FIG. 4 (a), 4(b) and 4 (c) is a three-dimensional view of a girder assembly of FIG. 1, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0059] FIG. 5 illustrates a flow chart representing the steps involved in a method for assembling a girder assembly with integrated fire resistance and composite topping in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. The method (700) includes allowing, by a plurality of perforations of a web, thermal expansion of the hot-rolled steel to prevent warping in step 710.
[0060] In one embodiment, the plurality of perforations are adapted to accommodate the thermal expansion of hot-rolled steel under high temperatures to maintain structural integrity of the web (110) and preventing catastrophic failure.
[0061] The method (700) also includes providing, by a top flange, lateral stability and distribute compressive forces across the girder assembly in step 720.
[0062] In one embodiment, the web (110), bottom flange (130) and the top flange (120) are joined through a series of welding points and aligned using a laser guided process.
[0063] Further, the method (700) includes handling, by a bottom flange, tensile stress that occur during load bearing, wherein the bottom flange is enlarged and adapted to withstand the girder assembly at high temperature and fire conditions, wherein the top flange and the bottom flange are curved in shape to facilitate even load distribution across the girder assembly in step 730.
[0064] In one embodiment, the top flange (120) is broader than the bottom flange (130).
[0065] Furthermore, the method (700) includes ensuring, by a plurality of hollow slabs, attachment of the plurality of hollow slabs to the girder assembly while allowing for degree of structural flexibility in step 740.
[0066] Moreover, the method (700) includes providing, by a plurality of vertical support columns, a secure mechanical connection between the plurality of vertical support columns and the girder assembly in step 750.
[0067] Additionally, the method (700) includes facilitating, by a plurality of end plates, transfer of load from the girder assembly to the plurality of vertical support columns, wherein the vertical support columns are treated with a protective coating that is adapted to resist environmental degradation in step 760.
[0068] In one embodiment, the girder’s exposed surfaces are adapted with a heat-resistant coating, wherein the heat-resistant coating protects the hot-rolled steel from losing its strength under high temperatures.
[0069] Yet, in another embodiment, the girder assembly (100) is designed to work in conjunction with the plurality of hollow slabs (140) to distribute loads evenly across a multi-story building framework.
[0070] Various embodiments of the girder assembly with integrated fire resistance and composite topping as described above provide a comprehensive design enhancements contribute to a longer lifespan of the building structure by mitigating common issues such as thermal degradation and material fatigue by utilizing the plurality of perforations in the web (110), preventing warping and maintaining structural integrity during high-temperature events, thereby mitigating stress concentrations. The composite topping (160) applied to the girder assembly (100) increases stiffness and strength, ensuring effective load distribution and reducing the risk of deformation over time. Furthermore, protective coatings on the plurality of vertical support columns (150) resist environmental degradation, such as rust and corrosion, extending their functional lifespan. Moreover, incorporation of flexible joints for attaching the plurality of hollow slabs (140) allows the structure to adapt to dynamic forces, minimizing potential for cracks or damage. Additionally, enlargement of the bottom flange (130) provides fire resistance and robust load management significantly enhances the safety of the building, providing critical protection against natural disasters and fire incidents. Moreover, upon facilitating faster construction and reducing the need for frequent maintenance, the girder assembly (100) offers a cost-effective solution for building projects, aligning with economic and sustainability goals.
[0071] It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory of the disclosure and are not intended to be restrictive thereof.
[0072] While specific language has been used to describe the disclosure, any limitations arising on account of the same are not intended. As would be apparent to a person skilled in the art, various working modifications may be made to the method in order to implement the inventive concept as taught herein.
[0073] The figures and the foregoing description give examples of embodiments. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that one or more of the described elements may well be combined into a single functional element. Alternatively, certain elements may be split into multiple functional elements. Elements from one embodiment may be added to another embodiment. For example, the order of processes described herein may be changed and are not limited to the manner described herein. Moreover, the actions of any flow diagram need not be implemented in the order shown; nor do all of the acts need to be necessarily performed. Also, those acts that are not dependent on other acts may be performed in parallel with the other acts. The scope of embodiments is by no means limited by these specific examples.
, Claims:1. A girder assembly (100) with integrated fire resistance and composite topping comprising:
characterized in that,
a web (110) positioned vertically at a core of the girder fabricated from a hot-rolled steel to transfer a vertical load to a building foundation wherein the web (110) comprises a plurality of perforations adapted to allow thermal expansion of the hot-rolled steel to prevent warping;
a top flange (120) extended laterally from the web, wherein the top flange (120) is adapted to provide lateral stability and distribute compressive forces across the girder;
a bottom flange (130) extended laterally from the web, wherein the bottom flange (130) is adapted to handle tensile stress that occur during load bearing, wherein the bottom flange (130) is enlarged and adapted to withstand the girder at high temperature and fire conditions,
wherein the top flange (120) and the bottom flange (130) are curved in shape to facilitate even load distribution across the girder;
a plurality of hollow slabs (140) attached to the girder though a series of joints wherein the plurality of hollow slabs (140) is adapted to ensure attachment of the plurality of hollow slabs (140) to the girder while allowing for degree of structural flexibility;
a plurality of vertical support columns (150) connected to the girder using a plurality of end plates (155) wherein the plurality of vertical support columns (150) are adapted to provide a secure mechanical connection between the plurality of vertical support columns (150) and the girder,
wherein the plurality of end plates facilitates transfer of load from the girder to the plurality of vertical support columns (150),
wherein the plurality of vertical support columns (150) are treated with a protective coating that is adapted to resist environmental degradation; and
a composite topping (160).
2. The girder assembly (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the plurality of perforations are adapted to accommodate the thermal expansion of hot-rolled steel under high temperatures to maintain structural integrity of the web (110) and preventing catastrophic failure.

3. The girder assembly (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the top flange (120) is broader than the bottom flange (130).

4. The girder assembly (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the web (110), bottom flange (130) and the top flange (120) are joined through a series of welding points and aligned using a laser guided process.

5. The girder assembly (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the girder’s exposed surfaces are adapted with a heat-resistant coating (165), wherein the heat-resistant coating protects the hot-rolled steel from losing its strength under high temperatures.

6. The girder assembly (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the composite topping (160) is applied to the girder wherein the composite topping (160) is a blend of concrete and synthetic fibers.

7. The girder assembly (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the composite topping (160) comprises a plurality of reinforced bars (170) in the concrete for the structural ductility and tensile strength of the composite topping (160).

8. The girder assembly (100) as claimed in claim 7, wherein the plurality of reinforced bars (170) placed on a right section and a left section of the girder enables a mechanical interlock between the steel and concrete.

9. The girder assembly (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the girder is designed to work in conjunction with the plurality of hollow slabs (140) to distribute loads evenly across a multi-story building framework.

10. A method (700) for assembling a girder with integrated fire resistance and composite topping comprising:
characterized in that,
allowing, by a plurality of perforations of a web, thermal expansion of the hot-rolled steel to prevent warping; (710)
providing, by a top flange, lateral stability and distribute compressive forces across the girder; (720)
handling, by a bottom flange, tensile stress that occur during load bearing, wherein the bottom flange is enlarged and adapted to withstand the girder at high temperature and fire conditions, wherein the top flange and the bottom flange are curved in shape to facilitate even load distribution across the girder; (730)
ensuring, by a plurality of hollow slabs, attachment of the plurality of hollow slabs to the girder while allowing for degree of structural flexibility; (740)
providing, by a plurality of vertical support columns, a secure mechanical connection between the plurality of vertical support columns and the girder; (750) and
facilitating, by a plurality of end plates, transfer of load from the girder to the plurality of vertical support columns, wherein the vertical support columns are treated with a protective coating that is adapted to resist environmental degradation. (760)
Dated this 26th day of September 2024

Signature

Jinsu Abraham
Patent Agent (IN/PA-3267)
Agent for the Applicant