A Hand Held Appliance
This invention relates to a blower and in particular a hot air blower such as a hairdryer.
Blowers and in particular hot air blowers are used for a variety of applications such as
drying substances such as paint or hair and cleaning or stripping surface layers.
Generally, a motor and fan are provided which draw fluid into a body; the fluid may be
heated prior to exiting the body. The motor is susceptible to damage from foreign
objects such as dirt or hair so conventionally a filter is provided at the fluid intake end
of the blower.
The present invention provides a hairdryer comprising a body, a fluid flow path
extending through the body from a first fluid inlet through which a first fluid flow enters
the hairdryer to a first fluid outlet for emitting the first fluid flow from the hairdryer, a
primary fluid flow path extending from a second fluid inlet through which a primary
fluid flow enters the hairdryer to a second fluid outlet, a fan unit located in the primary
fluid flow path for drawing fluid through the second fluid inlet, and a filter located in
the primary fluid flow path, and wherein fluid is drawn through the fluid flow path by
fluid emitted from the second fluid outlet.
The provision of two flow paths enables fluid that flows through each flow path to be
treated differently within the hairdryer in this case, the filter filters only a portion of the
fluid admitted out of the hairdryer. Filtering the primary fluid flow path has the
advantage that less filter material is used than if the whole body inlet were covered. In
addition, it provides a line of sight through the central aperture of the hairdryer that is
not obscured by filter material. A filter includes one or both of a grill and a mesh
material positioned across the fluid flow path before fluid flows into the fan unit.
Preferably, the filter is located upstream of the fan unit. It is preferred that the fan unit
comprises a motor, and the filter is located upstream of the motor. Thus, the filter filters
fluid before it reaches the motor and preferably before the fluid reaches the fan unit i.e.
a fan and a motor, thus the filter is a pre-motor filter. This means the filter protects the
motor from the ingress of foreign objects into the fluid flow path which may be
detrimental to the motor examples of such objects are hair, dirt and other lightweight
objects than may be sucked into the fluid flow path by the action of the fan.
Preferably, the primary flow combines with the fluid flow at or near the fluid outlet of
the hairdryer.
Preferably, the primary fluid flow path extends through the body towards an outlet end
of the body. Thus, within the body there are two fluid flow paths for at least a portion
of the length of the body. It is preferred that the primary fluid flow travels at least
partially through the body in the same direction as the fluid flow. Thus, the body can be
considered to have an inlet end and an outlet end and both the primary fluid flow and
the fluid flow travel or flow towards the outlet end. The inlet end is preferably the end
of the body where the first fluid inlet is located.
The primary and the fluid flow paths are isolated for at least a portion of the length of
the body. During this isolation, both the primary and fluid flow paths flow from an inlet
end of the hairdryer where at least one of the primary and fluid flow enters the hairdryer
to an outlet end of the hairdryer where both the primary and fluid flow are emitted either
separately or as a combined flow.
Preferably, a heater is provided and the filter is located upstream of the heater.
Preferably, the heater is located in the body.
Preferably, the body comprises a duct extending between the fluid inlet and the fluid
outlet, and wherein the heater extends at least partially about the duct. Preferably the
heater extends at least partially along the duct.
Preferably, the filter is located at, or adjacent, the second fluid inlet. Alternatively, the
second fluid inlet is located in the body i.e. the second fluid inlet is spaced apart from
the fluid inlet.
It is preferred that the second fluid inlet extends at least partially about the first fluid
inlet i.e. the fluid flow path is nested or embedded in the second fluid flow path.
Preferably, the second fluid inlet and the filter are annular in shape.
It is preferred that the body comprises an inner wall and an outer wall extending about
the inner wall, the inner wall defining a bore through which the fluid flow path extends,
and the inner wall defines an outer perimeter of the first fluid inlet and an inner
perimeter of the second fluid inlet.
Preferably, the outer wall defines an outer perimeter of the second fluid inlet.
Preferably, the filter is sandwiched between the inner wall and the outer wall.
It is preferred that the fluid flow path is linear. Preferably, the fluid flow path is
accessible to a user. Preferably, the body has an axial direction defined by the fluid
flow path. It is preferred that the heater has a length extending in the axial direction of
the body.
The hairdryer includes means for acting on fluid flow in the fluid flow path. Such
means includes but is not limited to the fan assembly and the heater. The means for
acting on fluid flow is also considered to be a processor that processes the fluid that
flows, for example by drawing the fluid through the hairdryer, heating the fluid or
filtering the fluid flow.
Preferably, the primary fluid flow path is non-linear. Preferably, the heater is located in
the primary fluid flow path.
It is preferred that there is provided a duct connected to the body, and the primary fluid
flow path extends through the duct. Preferably, the duct comprises a handle of the
hairdryer.
It is preferred that the fan unit is located inside the duct. The fan unit is for drawing
fluid through the second fluid inlet into the primary fluid flow path.
Preferably, the primary fluid flow path comprises an inlet section located in the body for
receiving fluid from the second fluid inlet and conveying fluid to the duct, and an outlet
section located in the body for receiving fluid from the duct and conveying fluid to the
second fluid outlet.
It is preferred that the heater is located in the outlet section of the primary fluid flow
path.
Preferably, the second fluid outlet extends about the fluid flow path. It is preferred that
the second fluid outlet is annular. The primary fluid flow path can be concentric or nonconcentric
to the fluid flow path.
Preferably, the second fluid outlet is arranged to emit fluid into the fluid flow path. It is
preferred that the first and primary fluid flow paths are combined within the body as this
enables even mixing of the hot fluid from the primary fluid flow path with the entrained
fluid from the fluid flow path. Preferably, the fluid flow paths merge within the
hairdryer.
Preferably, the second fluid outlet extends about the first fluid outlet. It is preferred that
the fluid outlet of the fluid flow path and the second fluid outlet of the primary fluid
flow path are arranged to emit fluid from the hairdryer.
It is preferred that fluid is drawn through the fluid flow path by the emission of fluid
from the primary fluid flow path. Preferably, the second fluid outlet extends about the
fluid flow path. It is preferred that the second fluid outlet is annular.
Preferably, the second fluid outlet is arranged to emit fluid into the fluid flow path.
It is preferred that the second fluid outlet extends about the first fluid outlet.
The invention also provides a hairdryer where, within the body, the primary fluid flow
path comprises a plurality of tiered sections arranged in series.
Preferably, the fluid flow passes in substantially the same direction through the tiered
sections.
Preferably, each of the first tiered section and the second tiered section is annular in
shape.
Preferably, the fluid flow path is defined by a bore extending through the body.
It is preferred that the bore is an external wall of the body of the hairdryer. Preferably,
the bore is within the hairdryer body and it defines an external surface along which fluid
is entrained. The bore is inside the body and defines a hole through the body. The
perimeter of the hole is defined by the body duct. The perimeter of the hole is defined
by the body duct.
Preferably, the bore surrounds the heater. More preferably, the bore is an external wall
that surrounds the heater. The heater is inaccessible from one or more of the inlet and
outlet of the body as it is surrounded by the external wall. The bore is a single piece or
comprises two or more parts which together define the first fluid flow path.
Preferably, the heater is inaccessible from the fluid inlet. Preferably, the heater is
inaccessible from the second fluid inlet.
The provision of a heater which is inaccessible from the inlet and/or outlet is useful
from a safety aspect. If something is inserted into the appliance, it cannot contact the
heater directly. An inaccessible heater is also one without direct line of sight from the
inlet and/or outlet.
The flow path and the primary flow path upstream of the fan assembly act as heat sinks
or thermal exchangers for the primary flow path in the vicinity of the heater. It also
results in all the fluid flowing through the body being heated whether actively or
passively.
Preferably, the fluid flow path is arranged to convey fluid through the body in the same
direction in which fluid is conveyed through the tiered sections.
The fluid flow path can be considered to be the inner region of the tiered flow path.
Preferably, the outer region is an insulator for insulating the outer body. It is preferred
that the inner region is an insulator for insulating the outer body.
The first tiered section and therefore any drawn in flow provides a cooling flow for the
body.
It is preferred that the means for acting on fluid flow acts indirectly on fluid in the first
flow path i.e. on entrained fluid. Thus the first fluid flow path is in thermal
communication with or adjacent to the heater and the primary fluid flow path passes
through the heater. Likewise, as the fan and motor (the fan assembly) process or act
directly on fluid in the primary fluid flow path, fluid in the fluid flow path is indirectly
acted upon as it is entrained into the hairdryer by the action of the fan assembly.
The provision of partly drawn in and partly entrained fluid flow through the hairdryer is
advantageous for a number of reasons including, as less fluid is drawn in the motor of
the fan assembly can be smaller and lighter in weight, the noise produced by the fan
assembly can be reduced as there is less flow through the fan, this can result in a smaller
and/or more compact hairdryer and an hairdryer which uses less power as the motor
and/or heater are only processing part of the flow through the hairdryer.
Ideally, the means for acting on fluid flow acts indirectly on fluid in the first fluid flow
path and directly on fluid in a primary flow path. The provision of two flow paths at the
inlet end means that only part of the fluid flow through the hairdryer needs to be
processed i.e. directly heated or drawn through the fan. This results in less air flow
going through the fan which can result in one or more of a quieter hairdryer, a lighter
hairdryer, a smaller and/or more compact hairdryer and a hairdryer which uses less
power as the motor and/or heater are only processing part of the flow through the
hairdryer. For example, the fan and motor can be smaller.
This means that the fan assembly processes a portion of the fluid that is output from the
body and the rest of the fluid that flows through the body through the first fluid flow
path passes through the body without being processed by the fan assembly. Thus the
drawn or processed flow is augmented or supplemented by the entrained flow. The
provision of an hairdryer in which the fan assembly only processes part of the flow is
advantageous for a number of reasons including, as less fluid is drawn in the motor of
the fan assembly can be smaller and lighter in weight, the noise produced by the fan
assembly can be reduced as there is less flow through the fan, this can result in a smaller
and/or more compact hairdryer and an hairdryer which uses less power as the motor
and/or heater are only processing part of the flow through the hairdryer.
The hairdryer can be considered to comprise a fluid amplifier whereby fluid that is
processed by a processor (fan assembly and/or heater) is amplified by an entrained flow.
The noise of the hairdryer is reduced by having a long fluid flow path, a
coiled/looped/curved/s-shaped/zigzagged fluid flow path and frequency attenuating
lining material. However, the use of these features introduces some drawbacks, for
example drag in the fluid flow path which can choke the flow and the appliance size is
increased. To counteract these drawbacks, the use of partially drawn and partially
entrained flow, a fan that only processes around half of the flow is used.
The fluid flow path is nested or embedded in the primary fluid flow path. The primary
fluid flow path can be concentric or non-concentric to the fluid flow path.
The fluid flow paths are preferably substantially circular in shape; alternatively they are
elliptical, oval, rectangular or square. In fact each flow path may be a different shape or
configuration.
Preferably, all the fluid that flows through the ducting is processed by the fan assembly.
The fan assembly only processes part, around half, of the fluid flow through the
hairdryer so the handle portions of the ducts are able to be of an acceptable diameter for
holding comfortably.
Preferably, the fluid inlet is located in one end of the body.
Preferably, the duct partially defines at least one of the second fluid inlet and the second
fluid outlet.
Preferably, the heater outlet is at least 20 mm, preferably 30mm, more preferably
40mm, preferably 50mm or most preferably at least 56mm from the inlet and/or outlet
end of the body of the hairdryer.
Preferably, the handle comprises a first handle portion and a second handle portion, and
wherein fluid flows through each of the handle portions. Preferably, the first handle
portion is spaced from the second handle portion.
The invention also provides a hairdryer comprising a fluid chamber at least partially
defined by an external wall of the hairdryer, the chamber being configured to provide a
thermally insulating barrier between the heater and the external wall.
Preferably, the heater is located downstream of the fluid chamber. It is preferred that
the chamber extends about the heater. Preferably, the heater is annular in shape and the
chamber extends about an external periphery of the heater. Preferably, the chamber
extends about an internal periphery of the heater.
Preferably, the hairdryer comprises a body and a handle connected to the body, and the
chamber is located within the body.
Preferably, the body comprises a bore or tubular wall defining a bore through which
fluid flows through the hairdryer, and wherein the fluid chamber is located between the
external wall and the tubular wall. Preferably, the fluid chamber extends about the bore.
Preferably, the primary fluid flow path comprises an inlet section and an outlet section,
and wherein the outlet section passes through the heater. Preferably, the inlet section
passes through the fluid chamber.
Preferably, the outlet section comprises two parallel sections, and wherein a first one of
the parallel sections extends through the fluid chamber and a second one of the parallel
sections extends through the heater.
It is preferred that the outlet section comprises two series sections, and wherein a first,
upstream one of the series sections extends through the fluid chamber and a second,
downstream one of the series sections extends through the heater.
Preferably, the fluid chamber extends about the second fluid outlet. Preferably, the fluid
chamber extends about the fluid outlet. Preferably, the second fluid outlet is arranged to
emit fluid into the fluid flow path. Preferably, the tubular wall at least partially defines
the second fluid outlet. Preferably, fluid is through the bore by the fluid emitted from
the second fluid outlet.
Due to the fact that around half the flow is processed by the heater i.e. passes through
the heater and is heated directly by the heater, the heater can be made more compact
with less losses and less flow through it.
Preferably around half of the fluid that flows from the outlet of the hairdryer is drawn
through the motor. The rest of the fluid that is admitted out of the outlet of the hairdryer
is entrained or induced by the fluid that is processed. The approximately 50% split of
drawn to entrained fluid is not essential and can be less or more; the relative fluid flow
rates are a function of losses within the duct pathways for each flow path and the
configuration e.g. the diameter and cross-sectional areas of the duct pathways.
Preferably, the fluid inlet of the second fluid flow path is spaced apart from the fluid
inlet of the fluid flow path.
The second fluid flow path may be annular to the fluid flow path.
It is preferred that, the fluid outlet of the second fluid flow path extends about the fluid
outlet of the fluid flow path. Preferably, fluid is emitted from the hairdryer through each
of the fluid outlet of the fluid flow path and the fluid outlet of the second fluid flow
path.
Traditional hairdryers are essentially and open tube with a fan for drawing fluid into the
tube. This makes them noisy unless a big and slow fan is used but then a big motor is
required which increases weight. The provision of a long fluid flow path through the
body and ducting arrangement reduces the noise produced; the provision of a curved,
zigzagged, s-shaped or looped fluid flow path (as provided by the two body portions
and ducting therebetween) further reduces the noise produced by the appliance.
The ducts may be circular, however it is preferred that the ducts are non circular i.e.
oblate, oval or race track shaped in cross-section. There are advantages to using non
circular ducts, the first is that when the duct is used as a handle it can be easier for a
user to grip as the oblate or oval shape mimics the shape made by curled figures more
precisely than a circular grip, the second is that the non circular shape can be used to
impart directionality to the ducts or handles. This directionality can make the hairdryer
easier to use. A third advantage is that for a grippable handle, the non circular shape
gives a larger cross-sectional area than the circular handle meaning that a greater flow
of fluid can pass through the oval handle. This can reduce one or more of the noise
produced by the hairdryer in operation, power consumed by the hairdryer and pressure
or duct losses within the hairdryer.
Preferably, the handle portion of the duct is lined with said material. It is preferred that
the lining is continuous around the duct / handle portion.
It is preferred that the fan unit is located upstream of the handle portion.
Preferably, the duct comprises a first handle portion and a second handle portion of the
hairdryer, and wherein each handle portion is lined with said material.
Preferably, fan unit is located within a section of the primary fluid flow path located
fluidly between the handle portions of the duct.
Preferably, the lined portion of the duct is disposed between the fan assembly and the
body. It is preferred that the lined portion of the duct is disposed between the fluid inlet
and the fan assembly.
Preferably, the material is a foam or a felt. It is preferred that, the material is a sound
absorbing material. Alternatively or additionally, the material is a vibration absorbing
material and/or an insulator for example a thermal insulator or a noise insulator. The
absorbing properties of the material will at least mitigate the property is question and
may be tuned specifically to an appliance either by material density or lining thickness
for example. The material can additionally be chosen or tuned based on resonant
frequencies of the appliance. In this way the appliance can be silenced, or manipulated
tonally to improve noise characteristics to a user. The material is preferably around 3
mm thick
A portion of the duct preferably forms a part of the body i.e. the duct does not open out
straight into the body. The body is preferably lined with material around the junction of
the duct with the body.
A further advantage to having a fan assembly which process some of the fluid flow
through the hairdryer and having a fluid flow which is partially drawn and partially
entrained is that the ducts through which the processed fluid flows can be of a relatively
small diameter. For example for an outflow from the body of around 251/s, something
like 10 to 121/s passes through the ducts and this flow has a maximum velocity of
around 25m/s. As the ducting has a smaller diameter than would be required for full
processing of the fluid, silencing of noise produced by the fluid flow through the
primary fluid flow path is effective over a larger range of frequencies than for a larger
diameter duct. Thus, airborne noise is attenuated to a higher frequency. This is because
a duct diameter of less than around half a wavelength promotes planar wave behaviour.
The present invention provides a hairdryer wherein the heater has a length extending in
the axial direction.
Preferably, the heater is annular in shape. It is preferred that the heater is tubular in
shape.
It is preferred that the body comprises a duct extending between the first fluid inlet and
the first fluid outlet, and wherein the heater extends about the duct.
Preferably, the duct partially defines at least one of the second fluid inlet and the second
fluid outlet.
It is preferred that the second fluid outlet extends about the first fluid outlet.
Preferably, one or more of the inlet and outlet can be used to store the hairdryer.
For example the inner opening can be located onto a retainer such as a hook or nail for
convenient storage and retrieval as required.
Preferably, the body comprises the fluid inlet and the fluid outlet.
Preferably, the body has a front end and a rear end located opposite to the front end,
wherein the fluid inlet is located at the rear end of the body and the fluid outlet is
located at the front end of the body.
Preferably, each handle portion has a circular cross-section. It is preferred that each
handle portion has a non-circular cross-section. Preferably, each handle has, in crosssection,
n-fold rotational symmetry, where n is an integer equal to or greater than 2 . It
is preferred that each handle portion has an elliptical cross-section.
Preferably, the cross-section of each handle portion has a major radius and a minor
radius, and wherein the major radius of the first handle portion is angularly offset
relative to the major radius of the second handle portion.
It is preferred that the major radius of the first handle portion is angularly offset relative
to the major radius of the second handle portion by an angle of 90°.
The invention also provides, a hairdryer comprising handle means connected to the
body, the handle means comprising at least one duct for conveying fluid towards and
away from the fan unit.
Preferably, the handle means comprises a first handle portion comprising a first duct for
conveying fluid towards the fan unit, and a second handle portion comprising a second
duct for conveying fluid away from the fan unit.
It is preferred that a fan unit is located inside the duct for drawing fluid through the
second fluid inlet.
Preferably, the fluid flow path extends linearly through the body.
Preferably, the body comprises a first external wall and a second external wall
extending about the first external wall, and wherein the first external wall defines a bore
extending through the body, and wherein the fluid flow path extends through the bore.
Preferably, the fluid flow paths are isolated within the hairdryer.
Preferably, the fluid outlet comprises a first fluid outlet for emitting fluid from the fluid
flow path, and a second fluid outlet for emitting fluid from the primary fluid flow path.
It is preferred that the first fluid outlet and the second fluid outlet are co-planar.
A further aspect of the invention provides a hand held appliance comprising a body, a
fluid flow path extending through the body from a first fluid inlet through which a first
fluid flow enters the appliance to a first fluid outlet for emitting the first fluid flow from
the appliance, a primary fluid flow path extending from a second fluid inlet through
which a primary fluid flow enters the appliance to a second fluid outlet, a fan unit
located in the primary fluid flow path for drawing fluid through the second fluid inlet,
and a filter located in the primary fluid flow path, and wherein fluid is drawn through
the fluid flow path by fluid emitted from the second fluid outlet.
The invention will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the
accompanying drawings, in which:
Figure 1 shows a rear end perspective view of an appliance according to the invention;
Figure 2 shows a front end perspective view of an appliance according to the invention;
Figure 3 shows a side view of an appliance according to the invention;
Figure 4 shows a top view of an appliance according to the invention;
Figures 5a and 5b show sectional views along line J-J of Figure 4;
Figure 5c is an enlargement of area P of Figure 5a;
Figure 6 shows a sectional view along line K-K of Figure 3;
Figure 7 shows a sectional view along line L-L of Figure 3;
Figure 8 shows a sectional view along line M-M of Figure 4;
Figure 9 shows a 3D sectional view along line H-H of Figure 4;
Figure 10 shows a side view of a second appliance according to the invention;
Figure 11 shows a sectional view along line N-N of Figure 10;
Figure 12 shows a sectional view through the body of an appliance according to the
invention;
Figure 13 shows a sectional view through the body of a further appliance according to
the invention;
Figure 14 shows a sectional view through the body of another appliance according to
the invention;
Figure 15 shows a sectional view through the body of yet another appliance according
to the invention;
Figure 16 shows sectional view through the body of an appliance according to the
invention;
Figure 17 shows an alternative sectional view through the body of the appliance of
Figure 16;
Figure 18 shows sectional view through the body of an appliance according to the
invention;
Figure 19 shows an alternative sectional view through the body of the appliance of
Figure 18;
Figure 20 shows a rear end perspective of a further appliance according to the invention;
Figure 2 1 shows a rear end perspective of an alternative appliance according to the
invention;
Figures 22a and 22b show rear end views of the appliance shown in Figure 21;
Figure 23 shows a cross section through another appliance;
Figures 24a and 24b show rear end views of the appliance shown in Figure 23;
Figure 25 shows a cross section through an appliance;
Figure 26 shows a cross section through another appliance;
Figure 27 shows a cross section through another appliance;
Figure 28 shows a rear end perspective of a one handled appliance according to the
invention;
Figure 29 shows a side view of the appliance of Figure 28;
Figure 30 shows a sectional view of a two handled appliance;
Figure 31 shows a sectional view of a one handled appliance;
Figure 32 shows a sectional view across line S-S of Figure 26;
Figure 33 shows a sectional view of another one handled appliance;
Figure 34 shows a sectional view of the appliance of Figure 30; and
Figure 35 shows a rear end perspective of the appliance of Figures 30 and 31.
Figure 36 shows a cross section through an appliance according to the invention;
Figure 37 shows a sectional view across line T-T of Figure 36;
Figure 38 shows a 3D sectional view of a one handled two bodied appliance according
to the invention;
Figure 39 shows a cross section through the appliance shown in Figure 38;
Figure 40 shows a 3D sectional view of a one handled appliance according to the
invention;
Figure 4 1 shows a cross section through the appliance shown in Figure 40;
Figure 42 shows a rear end perspective of a one handled appliance according to the
invention;
Figure 43 shows a side view of the appliance of Figure 42;
Figure 44 shows a sectional view of another appliance; and
Figure 45 shows a rear end perspective of the appliance of Figure 44.
Figures 1 to 4 show various views of an appliance 10 having a first body 12 which
defines a fluid flow path 20 through the appliance and a pair of ducts 14 which extend
from the first body 12 to a second body 16. The fluid flows through the appliance from
an inlet or upstream end to an outlet or downstream end.
With reference to Figures 5a, 5b, 5c and 6, the fluid flow path 20 has a fluid intake 20a
at a rear end 12a of the body 12 and a fluid outflow 20b at a front end 12b of the body
12. Thus, fluid can flow along the whole length of the body 12. The fluid flow path 20
is a central flow path for the body 12 and for at least a part of the length of the body 12
the fluid flow path is surrounded and defined by a tubular housing 18. The tubular
housing 18 is a bore, pipe or conduit that the generally longer that it is wide and
preferably has a substantially circular cross section, however, it may be oval, square,
rectangular or another shape. The first body is tubular in shape.
With reference to Figures 6, 8 and 9 in particular, a primary fluid flow path 30 will now
be described. The primary fluid flow path 30 is generally annular to the fluid flow path
20 at the fluid intake end 12a of the body 12. In this particular embodiment, the
primary fluid flow path 30 passes down the fist tiered section along the inner skin 112a
of the outer wall 112 of the body 12 and from there down a duct 14a through the second
body 16 and up the other duct 14b back into the body 12 and into a second tiered section
or outlet section of the primary flow path 40. The outlet section of the primary flow
path 40 is generally annular to the fluid flow path 20 and is nested between the first tier
of the primary fluid flow path and the fluid flow path in the body 12. Thus for at least a
portion of the length of the body 12, there is a three tiered flow path 20, 30, 40. The
primary fluid flow path 30 has an inlet end, a loop and an outlet end.
There is a single opening at the inlet end 12a of the body 12 which is split into a first
inlet 20a through which fluid enters the fluid flow path 20, and a second fluid inlet 30a
through which fluid enters the primary fluid flow path 30. In this embodiment, the first
inlet and the second fluid inlet are co-planar and are divided into two inlets by the bore
18.
The second tiered section located downstream from the first tiered section and the tiered
sections are arranged in series. In this example, fluid flows in substantially the same
direction through the tiered sections. The first tiered section is isolated from the second
tiered section by inner tubular walls 42 and 44 and an annular wall 48 which connects
between the inner walls. Both the first and second tiered sections are annular and the
first tiered annular section defined by walls 112a and 44 extends about the second
annular tiered section defined by walls 44 and 42..
The second body 16 houses a fan unit 160 which includes a fan and motor for driving
the fan. Power is supplied to the fan unit 160 via an electric cable 18 and internal
electronics 162. The cable 18 is connected to the second body 16 and has a standard
household plug (not shown) at its' distal end. Thus, fluid that flows through the primary
fluid flow path 30 is drawn in to an inlet section by the action of the fan unit 160. When
the primary flow path 30 returns to the body 12, it becomes an outlet section of the
primary flow path or second tiered section 40 which flows between two inner tubular
walls 42,44 of the body 12 which are located external to tubular housing 18 and internal
to the outer wall 112 of the body. Housed within the two inner walls 42,44 of the body
in the outlet section of the primary fluid flow path 40 is an at least partially annular
heater 46 which can heat the fluid that flows through. Thus the second tier or outlet
section of the primary fluid flow path 40 is, in this embodiment the directly heated flow.
The second body 16 is tubular in shape and the longitudinal axes of the first and second
bodies are parallel. The fluid flow path 20 extends through the body 12 in an axial
direction. An outlet section of the primary fluid flow path 40 extends through the body
12 in an axial direction and surrounds the fluid flow path 20, and a heater 46 located
within the section of the primary fluid flow path 40 for heating fluid passing through the
primary fluid flow path, and the heater 46 has a length extending in the axial direction.
The tubular housing 18 is also a bore that extends through the body 12; a conduit that
extends between the first fluid inlet 20a and the first fluid outlet 20b; a first external
surface of the body 12 that is also an inner surface of body.
The heater 46 is preferably annular and can be of the convention type of heater
generally used in hairdryers i.e. comprising a former of a heat resistant material such as
mica around which a heating element, for example and nichrome wire, is wound. The
former provides a scaffold for the element enabling fluid to pass around and between
the element for efficient heating.
When the fan unit is operated, fluid is drawn into the primary fluid flow path 30 at the
fluid inlet end 12a by the direct action of the fan unit 160. This fluid then flows through
an inlet section of the primary fluid flow path along the inside 112a of the outer wall
112 of the body 12 down a first ductl4a, through the fan unit 160 and returns to an
outlet section of the primary fluid flow path 40 of the body 12 via the second duct 14b.
The outlet section of the primary fluid flow 40 passes around a heater 46 and when the
heater is switched on fluid in the outlet section of the primary fluid flow path 40 is
heated by the heater 46. Once the fluid in the outlet section of the primary fluid flow
path 40 has passed the heater 46 it exits from the front end 12b of the body 12 of the
appliance.
The fluid flows is a generally circular motion through the primary fluid flow path; the
handle means are generally U-shaped i.e. along the body in a first direction down one
duct in a second direction along the second body in a third direction and up the second
duct in a fourth direction which is the opposite direction to the first duct. The handles
are spaced apart
When the fan unit 160 is switched on, air is drawn into the intake 30a of the primary
flow path 30, through the outlet section of the primary fluid flow path 40 and out of the
fluid outflow 12b of the body 12. The action of this air being drawn in at one end 12a
of the body and out of the other end 12b of the body causes fluid to be entrained or
induced to flow along the fluid flow path 20. Thus there is one fluid flow (the primary
flow path 30) which is actively drawn in by the fan unit and another fluid flow which is
created by the fluidic movement caused by the action of the fan unit 160. This means
that the fan unit 160 processes a portion of the fluid that is output from the body 12 and
the rest of the fluid that flows through the body through the fluid flow path 20 passes
through the body 12 without being processed by the fan unit.
The entrained fluid that passes through the fluid flow path 20 exits from a downstream
end 18b of the tubular housing and combines with the fluid that exits the outlet section
of the primary fluid flow path 40 near the fluid outlet 12b of the body 12. Thus the
drawn flow is augmented or supplemented by the entrained flow. The second fluid
outlet is annular and emits into the fluid flow path so the fluid flow paths merge within
the hairdryer.
A filter 50 is provided at the fluid inlet 12a of the body 12. This filter 50 is provided to
stop foreign objects such as hair and dirt particles from entering at least the primary
fluid flow path 20 and travelling along the primary fluid flow path 20 to the fan unit
160 and potentially causing damage to the fan unit and/or reducing the life of the fan
unit 160.
The filter 50 is preferably an annular filter that only covers the fluid flow intake of the
primary fluid flow path 30, thus only the fluid that flows through the primary fluid flow
path 30 is filtered by the filter 50. This has the advantage that the amount of filter
material required compared to a conventional appliance is reduced as only
approximately half of the cross-sectional area at the fluid intake end 12a is filtered -
obviously, the exact proportions of filtered and non-filtered flow depend on the relative
cross-sections of the first and primary fluid flow paths 20, 30 as well as any funnelling
action due to the design of the fluid intake end of the body 12. Another advantage is
that a line of sight is provided through the central or first flow path 20 of the body 12 so
a person using the appliance can see through it whilst using the appliance.
In addition, where no filter or an annular filter 50 is provided, the internal surface 100 of
the tubular housing is accessible from outside the appliance. In fact, the internal surface
100 of the bore or tubular housing defines a hole (the first flow path 20) through the
appliance 10 and the inner surface 100 of the tubular housing is both an inner wall and a
first external wall of the appliance 10.
The ducts 14 are used for conveying fluid flow around the appliance. In addition one or
both of the ducts 14a, 14b additionally comprises a handle for a user to hold whilst
using the appliance. The duct 14a, 14b may comprise a grippable portion on at least a
part of the duct that acts as a handle to assist a user holding the appliance. The ducts are
spaced apart with one duct 14a being located near the front end 12b of the body 12 and
the other duct 14b being located near the rear end 12a of the bodyl2.
The use of two body parts separated by a handle means that the appliance can be
balanced, in this case by the heater being provided in one part of the body and the fan
unit being provided in the second body part so their weights are offset.
Referring now to Figure 7, in this embodiment the ducts 14 are generally circular in
cross section and are preferably lined with a material 140. This material 140 is for
example a foam or felt for example that is used for one or more of the following: to
mitigate noise from the primary fluid flow; vibrations from the fan unit 160; or as an
insulator to retain heat within the fluid flow system of the appliance. The absorbing
properties of the material will at least mitigate the property is question and may be
tuned specifically to an appliance either by material density or lining thickness for
example. The material can additionally be chosen based on resonant frequencies of the
appliance. The material can additionally be chosen or tuned based on resonant
frequencies of the appliance. In this way the appliance can be silenced, or manipulated
tonally to improve noise characteristics to a user.
The lining material 140 is preferably flared, rounded or chamfered at one or both of the
upstream 140a and downstream 140b end of the lining. This can reduce pressure losses
in the ducts and assist in reducing the noise generated as a less turbulent flow into/out of
the lined portion is provided.
Important features of the invention herein described include the fact that the fan unit
160 only processes a portion, preferably around half of the fluid that flows from the
fluid outflow 20b of the appliance 10 for example, the total fluid flow through the
appliance is 23 1/s with around 11 1/s being drawn through the motor. The
approximately 50% split of drawn to entrained fluid is not essential and can be less or
more; the relative fluid flow rates are a function of losses within the duct pathways for
each flow path and the configuration e.g. the diameter and cross-sectional areas of the
duct pathways.
The use of a tiered flow path through the body 12 the appliance 10 is also advantageous
as one or more of the fluid flow paths can be used to insulate one or more of the walls of
the body. The inlet section of the primary fluid flow path and the fluid flow path act as
heat sinks or thermal exchangers for the outlet section of the primary fluid flow path i.e.
fluid in the centre of the body. It also results in all the fluid flowing through the body
being heated whether actively or passively.
The fluid that is processed or drawn in by the fan unit 160 flows through the inlet
section of the primary fluid flow path 30 and for a least a part of the flow path through
the body, this fluid flows through a duct or conduit that is external to the heater 46 i.e.
this primary fluid flow path 30 is between the heater 46 and an outer wall 112 of the
body 12 and so provides a moving fluid insulator for the outer wall 112 of the body 12.
The fluid flow will extract heat from the walls 42, 44, 112 that form the conduit or duct
for the primary fluid flow 30 and therefore be heated as it passes near the heater 46.
Once this pre-heated or pre-warmed fluid is drawn through the fan it exits the duct 14b
into an outlet section of the primary fluid flow path or heated flow path 40. Thus, the
fluid insulator is subsequently heated by the heater 46 so less heat energy is lost by the
system to ambient. Heat that may have been lost to the outer body 112 is recovered thus
a higher percentage of the heat energy input to the system remains in the primary or
second tier 40 of the flow.
A second embodiment is described with respect to Figures 10 and 11. In this
embodiment, the appliance 200 has ducts 114 which are oval in cross-section and
extend parallel to each other. There are advantages to using oval instead of circular
ducts, the first is that when the duct is used as a handle it can be easier for a user to grip
as the oval shape mimics the shape made by curled figures more precisely than a
circular grip, the second is that the oval shape can be used to impart directionality to the
ducts or handles. This feature is shown in Figure 11 where a first duct/handle 114a is
oriented at right angles to a second duct/handle 114b. This directionality can make the
appliance easier to use.
A third advantage is that for a grippable handle, the oval shape gives a larger crosssectional
area than the circular handle meaning that a greater flow of fluid can pass
through the oval handle. This can reduce one or more of the noise produced by the
appliance in operation, power consumed by the appliance and pressure or duct losses
within the appliance.
Various arrangements of ducting within the body 12 are possible, some of which will
now be described. Referring to Figure 12, the heater 46 is supported directly on the
outer surface 18a of tubular housing 18 which is a single walled housing. The fluid
that flows through the fluid flow path 20 along the inside of the tubular housing 18
provides a cooling action and will be heated slightly as it extracts heat from the housing
18. In addition, fluid that flows along the inlet section of the primary flow path 30 will
also extract heat from inner wall 44 that separates the inlet section of the primary fluid
flow path 30 from the heated outlet section of the primary fluid flow path 40 and
isolates the inlet and outlet sections of the primary fluid flow path. Thus, the fluid that
is processed or drawn in by the fan unit is pre-warmed or heated passively prior to being
heated directly and provides a cooling flow for the second external or outer wall 112 of
the body 12 of the appliance.
Figure 6 shows an alternative configuration having a ducted inner wall coolant path 118
between the tubular housing 18 and inner wall 42 of the outlet section of the primary
fluid flow path 40 producing a third section of the primary fluid flow path which is
parallel to the outlet section of the primary fluid flow path and surrounded by the outlet
section of the primary fluid flow path which contains heater 46. This ducted inner wall
coolant path 118 is a closed path i.e. it does not vent out. Some of the fluid which is
drawn into the primary fluid flow path 30 will pass along the ducted inner wall 118 and
provide a layer of fluid insulation between the heater 46 and the outer wall of the
tubular housing 18. A combination of conduction and convection through the fluid in
the ducted inner wall coolant path 118 provides a cooling effect for the tubular housing
18. The third section of the primary fluid flow path is annular and the second annular
section extends about the third section and is in parallel with the third section.
Figure 13 shows an arrangement having a ducted outer wall cooling path 212 providing
a third section of the primary fluid flow path in parallel with the outlet section of the
primary fluid flow path in combination with a closed ducted inner wall coolant path
118. In the embodiments described so far, fluid that is drawn into the body 12 flows
down the ducts and back through a outlet section of the primary fluid flow path before
joining entrained fluid. As a result, a portion of the body 12 near the outflow end 12b
will be in direct contact with the heated fluid and may become hot. To mitigate this
heating effect a ducted outer wall cooling path 212 is provided which enables fluid that
is drawn into the primary fluid flow path 30 to continue within a double walled body to
near the outflow end 12b of the body 12. In this example this outer wall cooling path
212 is closed so provides a cooling effect by a combination of conduction and
convection through the fluid in the duct.
Figure 14 shows an alternative arrangement having a ducted outer wall cooling path 212
in combination with an open or vented ducted inner wall coolant path 218 between the
tubular housing 18 and inner wall 42 of the outlet section of the primary fluid flow path
40. This ducted inner wall coolant path 218 again is located within the primary fluid
flow path 30 so some of the drawn in fluid will pass along the duct, however at the
distal end, the duct vents 220 into the entrained air stream the flows through the fluid
flow path 20. This combined vented and entrained fluid then combines with the drawn
fluid for exit at the outflow of the body 12. As there is a constant fluid flow through
this cooling duct 218 in use, it provides a constant replenishment of fluid for heat
exchange with inner wall 42.
Figure 15 shows an alternative arrangement having a ducted inner wall coolant path 318
which enables some of the drawn in fluid to flow along the radially inner side of the
heater 46, between the heater 46 and the tubular housing 18, before being ducted 320
into the drawn in flow path 30 at duct 14a. This has the advantage that the ducting and
inner wall arrangements not only provide cooling for the outer body of the appliance but
also for the inner wall which is accessible from the fluid inlet end 12a. Thus all the
fluid that is used to provide cooling for the heater is subsequently drawn through the fan
unit 160 and into the outlet section of the primary fluid flow path 40 to be heated by
heater 46.
Figures 16 and 17 show an appliance with an alternate internal ducting arrangement. In
this embodiment, the heater 46 is spaced apart from the walls 44, 18 that define the
outlet section of the primary fluid flow path 40 to provide a fluid flow around as well as
through the heater. An inner wall or support 142 is provided spaced from tubular
housing 18 by a spacer 242 thus, fluid entering the third or heated flow path 40 can pass
through the heater 46, around the outer edges of the heater between the heater and inner
wall or support 44 which separates the second 30 and third 40 fluid flow paths and in a
flow path 40a created between the heater 46 and the tubular housing 18 by the wall 142.
At the downstream end of the heater, wall 142 ends allows the two fluid flow paths 40
and 40a to recombine 40b prior to the first and primary fluid flow paths combining at
the downstream end 18b of the tubular housing 18.
By having the air gap between the heater 46 and the tubular housing 18 which is defined
by inner wall 142, the tubular housing is not directly heated by the heater thus, the inner
surface of the tubular wall remains relatively cool. In addition, a cooling effect is
provided to the tubular housing 18 by entrained fluid that passes through the fluid flow
path 20 which is defined by the tubular housing 18 as the fluid extracts heat from the
tubular housing. The wall 142 need not be a solid wall, and may include slots or
perforations which enables fluid to flow between the two fluid flow paths 40 and 40a.
Figures 18 and 19 show an appliance where the entrained and drawn fluids do not
combine prior to exiting the body 12 at the outlet end 12b.
The inner ducting of the outlet section of the primary fluid flow path 240 may be any
one of those described with respect to other embodiments of the invention. In this
example, the outlet section of the primary fluid flow path 240 is similar to that described
with respect to Figure 6 i.e. a configuration having a ducted inner wall coolant path 118
between the tubular housing 18 and inner wall 42 of the outlet section of the primary
fluid flow path 240 which contains heater 46. This ducted inner wall coolant path 118
is a closed path i.e. it does not vent out. Some of the fluid which is drawn into the
primary fluid flow path 30 will pass along the ducted inner wall 118 and provide a layer
of fluid insulation between the heater 46 and the outer wall of the tubular housing 218.
The bore or tubular housing 218 begins as in the other examples herein described at the
inlet end 12a of the body 12. However, the tubular housing 218 continues for the whole
length of the body 12 to the outlet end 12b of the body. In this manner an annular
outflow 242 of the outlet section of the primary fluid flow path or heated fluid flow path
240 is provided at the outlet end 12b of the body. The annular outflow 242 extends
about the outlet of the fluid flow path. Thus, the entrained and drawn in fluids do not
combine within the body of the appliance they combine at the outflow or downstream
exit of the appliance. This provides a high velocity jet or free jet of heated fluid at the
outflow which is annular and surrounds the entrained and only partially heated flow
which exits from the fluid flow path 20.
The primary fluid flow path 230 is as described with respect to other examples and has a
ducted outer wall cooling path 212 to provide cooling to the outer surface of the body
12 towards the outflow end 12b of the body.
Figure 20 shows an appliance 300 having a filter 350 which is a grill like filter which
covers the primary fluid flow path 30, leaving the majority if not all of the central fluid
flow path (the fluid flow path) 20 open and unfiltered. The filter 350 may additionally
comprise a mesh of material which is disposed between the grills of the filter.
Figures 21, 22a and 22b show an appliance having an oval shaped body 62. The fluid
flow path 70 is defined by a tubular housing having an oval cross section 68. An
annular and oval shaped primary fluid flow path 80 surrounds the fluid flow path 70 at
the inlet end 62a of the body 62. Fluid is drawn into the primary fluid flow path 80,
down first duct 74a into a second body 66 by the action of a fan unit 160 located in the
second body 66 as has been previously described. The fluid then flows through the
second duct 74b to an outlet section of the primary fluid flow path 90. This outlet
section of the primary fluid flow path 90 is also oval in cross section and contains an
oval heater 96.
In this example the major and minor axes X-X and Y-Y respectively of the first, second
and outlet section of the primary fluid flow paths all have the same centre Z i.e. are
concentric however, this is not essential. In addition, the second body 66 is shown as
being generally circular but it may match the external shape of the first body 62. The
ducts 74a and 74b are shown as being generally circular but may be oval and one or
both of the ducts 74a, 74b may comprise handles that are capable of being gripped by a
user of the appliance.
Figures 23, 24a and 24b show an appliance 250 having substantially circular flow paths
which are non-concentric.
The first 270 and third 290 fluid flow paths are concentric i.e. have a common centre
292 within the body 272 of the appliance. Thus, the heater 296 is also substantially
concentric within the outlet section of the primary fluid flow path 290 and this has the
advantage that fluid is heated evenly around the cross section of the outlet section of the
primary fluid flow path so there are no hot spots in the fluid the exits the body at the
outflow end 272a of the body 272. The first 270 fluid flow path is defined by tubular
housing 274 and the first 270 and third 290 fluid flow paths are enclosed within inner
wall or duct 294. This inner wall 294 is offset with respect to the outer wall 262 of the
body 272 so is non-concentric to the outer wall 262 of the body 272.
The outer wall 262 has a centre 298 which is therefore offset from the centre 292 of the
inner wall 294 and features of the appliance including 270, 274, 294, 290 and 296. A
filter 278 is provided at the fluid inlet of the primary fluid flow path 280 and so is a ring
shaped filter with a substantially constant outer diameter defined by outer wall 262 of
the body 272. The inner diameter varies around the ring as the inner surface of the filer
278a is defined by the tubular housing 274.
Alternatively, an inner wall 268, 294 is non-concentric to the external wall 262 for only
part of the flow path. For example, the middle or third flow path 290 is defined by
walls 294, 268 which are non-concentric to the tubular housing 274, heater 296 and
external wall 262 in the region where the primary flow path passes 280 into the third
flow path 290. In other words, the walls 268, 294 which define the third flow path 290
where duct flow 298 enters the third flow path 290 are non-concentric to improve the
aerodynamics of fluid flow where the direction of the fluid flow changes. The skilled
person will appreciate that a number of different configurations are possible.
Figure 25 shows an appliance 360 having a having a first body 362 which defines a
fluid flow path 364 through the appliance and a pair of ducts 366 which extend from the
first body 362 to a second body 368. The fluid flows through the appliance from an inlet
or upstream end 362a to an outlet or downstream end 362b.
The fluid flow path 364 has a fluid intake 364a at a rear end 362a of the body 362 and a
fluid outlet 364b at a front end 362b if the body 362. The fluid flow path 364 is a
central flow path of the body 362 and is surrounded and defined by a generally tubular
housing 370.
A primary fluid flow path 372 is provided at the fluid inlet end 362a of the body and is
generally annular to the fluid flow path 364. A filter 374 is provided to filter fluid that
flows into the primary fluid flow path 372. The primary fluid flow path 372 passes into
the first body 362 then through a first duct 366a to the second body 368 and up the other
duct 366b back into the body 362. In this embodiment, the first duct 366a of the
primary fluid flow path 372 is that nearest the fluid intake end 362a of the body. The
flow path through the ducts is thus the reverse of previous examples.
The second body 368 houses a fan unit 74 and fluid is drawn into the primary fluid flow
path by the action of the fan unit. This induces or entrains fluid into the fluid flow path
364.
When the primary fluid flow path 372 returns to the first body 362 a fluid chamber 376
is provided. The outer wall 378 of the chamber is a part of an outer wall of the first
body 362. Radially inward of the outer wall 378 is a perforated inner wall 380 which
provides fluid communication to a heater 382. After flowing through the heater 382,
heated fluid combines with the entrained fluid of the fluid flow path 364 at an upstream
end 370b of the tubular housing 370.
The flow path from the chamber to mixing of the heated fluid can be considered to be
an inlet section of the primary fluid flow path and thus for a portion of the length of the
body 362, a three tiered flow path is provided. Fluid in the chamber 376 cools the outer
wall 378 and is pre-heated by heat radiating from the inner perforated wall 380. Thus,
the chamber provides a thermally insulating barrier between the heater 382 and the
external wall 362. The chamber 376 extends about a periphery of the heater 382.
An alternative arrangement of the primary fluid flow path is shown in Figure 26. In this
arrangement, the chamber 376 is provided with a solid inner wall 386 that forces fluid to
flow along a part of the first body 362 in the reverse direction or the direction opposite
384 to that of the entrained fluid of the fluid flow path 364. The primary fluid flow path
is zigzagged. The reverse direction 384 of the flow path is turned to flow towards the
outlet end 362b of the body, flows through the heater 388 and joins entrained fluid at
the end 370b of the tubular housing 370. The fluid from the chamber 376 thus
encounters the heater somewhere in the middle of the length of the first body 362.
In Figure 27, another arrangement is shown where the combining of the heated and
entrained fluid flows occurs in the middle of the first body 362 rather than near or at the
downstream end 362b. The chamber is provided with a solid inner wall 390 and fluid
flows from the second duct 366b into the chamber 376 and then along a part of the first
body 362 in the reverse direction 384 to that of the entrained fluid of the fluid flow path
364. The heater 392 is provided within this reverse flow section. Once fluid has been
heated by the heater 392 it is turned by internal ducting 396 to face the downstream end
362b of the body and joins the entrained fluid of the fluid flow path 364 at the
downstream end 394b of a inlet section of the tubular housing 394.
In these embodiments, the chamber 376 comprises two parallel sections, and a first one
of the parallel sections extends through the fluid chamber 378a and a second one of the
parallel sections extends through the heater 378b.
In this embodiment, the tubular housing 394 that defines the fluid flow path is split into
two sections 394, 394a. A gap between the two sections 394, 394a enables the heated
fluid to mixing with the entrained fluid flow at the downstream end 394b of the inlet
section of the tubular housing 394. Thus, mixing of the two fluid flow paths occurs
around the downstream end of the heater 392 or the middle of the first body 262. Once
the two fluid flow paths have mixed, the second section 394a of the tubular housing
guides the fluid flow to the outlet end 362b of the body 362.
The embodiments of Figures 25 to 27 all include a ducted outer wall cooling path 398
which enables some of the fluid that is drawn into the chamber 376 to flow within a
double walled body to or near to the outflow end 362b of the body 362. This provides a
cooling effect by a combination of conduction and convection through the fluid in the
duct 398. Thus, the chamber in effect extends about the first fluid outlet 364b via the
ducted outer wall cooling path 398.
Figures 28 to 35 show alternative embodiments according to the invention where fluid
does not flow through the ducts or handle(s) 414 of the appliance 400. The air flow
design is more conventional and has fluid flow through the body 412 of the appliance
400 in both inner or first 420 and outer or second 430 flow paths.
In a first example, referring to Figures 28 to 32 in particular, a hubless fan 460 is
provided within the primary fluid flow path 430. Fluid is drawn into the body 412 at an
inlet end 412a by the action of the hubless fan 460. The fluid then flows straight along
the body to the heater 446 before exiting at the fluid outlet end 412b of the body 412.
Fluid is entrained through a central fluid flow path 420 and mixes with the heated fluid
40b at the outflow 412b.
The hubless fan 460 is mounted on a circular bearing 466 and powered by a motor 462
which, in this embodiment is housed within the primary fluid flow path 430, but could
alternatively be located within the duct 414. Power from the motor 462 is provided to
the fan using for example, a magnetic coupling or gear or belt mechanism 464. A filter
450 may be provided at the fluid inlet end 412a to protect the fan and motor from
ingress of hair and dirt.
The bearing need not be circular, and can comprise a non-continuous surface.
In this embodiment, there is line of sight through the first or central fluid flow and the
fan could be provided in a transparent form.
Referring now to Figures 33 to 35, a fan 560 is provided within the primary fluid flow
path 530. Fluid is drawn into the body 512 at an inlet end 512a by the action of the fan
560. The fluid then flows straight along the body to the heater 546 before exiting at the
fluid outlet end 512b of the body 512. In this embodiment the fan 560 has a hub 570
which fits over the tubular housing 518. The hub 570 has a central aperture 580 through
which fluid can flow in a fluid path 520. Thus, in this embodiment when the motor is
switched on the fan draws are into the primary fluid flow path 530 and fluid is entrained
or induced within the fluid flow path 520.
The fan 560 is mounted on a circular bearing 566 and powered by a motor 562 which, in
this embodiment is housed within the primary fluid flow path 530, but could
alternatively be located within a duct 514. Thus, as the motor is not concentric with the
fan which is generally the case with conventional appliances of this type, it can be
located is a position that is advantageous to handling of the appliance. Therefore, the
motor can be positioned so as to balance the weight of the appliance as the motor is not
directly attached to the fan and can be remote thereto and also to the heater which is
another weight source for the appliance.
Power from the motor 562 is provided to the fan using a magnetic coupling, gear or belt
mechanism 564. A filter may be provided at the fluid inlet end 512a to protect the fan
and motor from ingress of hair and dirt.
In the embodiments described with respect to Figures 28 to 35, where the fan blades are
of reduced length as they are mounted around the tubular housing 418, 518 that defines
the fluid flow path 430, 530, there is a reduction in the amount of fluid that can be
drawn in by the fan 460, 560 however, as most of the work is done by the outer part of
the fan blades the reduction is not significant. This reduced fan blade length has the
advantage that weight of the appliance is reduced.
Figures 36 and 37 show an alternate appliance 600 according to the invention. In this
example, there is a first body 612 which defines a fluid flow path 620 through the
appliance and a pair of ducts 614 which extend from the first body 612 to a second body
616.
The fluid flow path 620 has a fluid intake 620a at a rear end 612a of the body 612 and a
fluid outflow 620b at a front end 612b of the body 612. Thus, fluid can flow along the
whole length of the body 612. The fluid flow path 620 is a central flow path for the
body 612 and for at least a part of the length of the body 612 the fluid flow path is
surrounded and defined by a tubular housing 618. The tubular housing 618 is a duct,
pipe or conduit that the generally longer that it is wide and preferably has a substantially
circular cross section, however, it may be oval, square, rectangular or another shape.
A primary fluid flow path 630 is provided having an inlet 632 provided in body 612
spaced apart from the rear end 612a of the body. In this example, the inlet 632 is
generally annular and comprises a plurality of apertures 632a. The apertures 632a are
spaced and sized so as to act as a filter to dirt and hair ingress. The primary fluid flow
path 630 flows from the inlet 632 into the body 612 of the appliance and from there
down a duct 614a, through the second body 616 and up the other duct 614b back into
the body 612 and into a third or outlet section of the primary fluid flow path 640. The
outlet section of the primary fluid flow path 640 is generally annular to the fluid flow
path 620 and is nested between the first and primary fluid flow paths for at least a part
of the length of body 612. Thus for at least a portion of the length of the body 612,
there is a three tiered flow path 620, 630, 640.
The second body 616 houses a fan unit 660 which includes a fan and motor for driving
the fan. Thus, fluid that flows through the primary fluid flow path 630 is drawn in by
the action of the fan unit 660. When the primary flow path 630 returns to the body 612,
it becomes a outlet section of the primary fluid flow path 640 which flows between two
inner walls 618,644 of the body 612. Housed within the two inner walls 618, 644 of the
body is an at least partially annular heater 646 which can heat the fluid that flows
through the outlet section of the primary fluid flow path 640. Thus the third or outlet
section of the primary fluid flow path 640 is, in this embodiment the directly heated
flow.
The heater 646 is preferably annular and is offset from tubular housing 618 by an inner
duct 642. The outlet section of the primary fluid flow path has a first flow path 630
through and around the heater 640 and a flow path 640a created between the heater 646
and tubular wall 618 by inner wall 642.
When the fan unit is operated, fluid is drawn into the primary fluid flow path 630 at the
inlet 632 by the direct action of the fan unit 660. This fluid then flows around a space
created between the inlet 632 and inner wall 644 i.e. around the inner wall that
surrounds the heater 646 down a first duct 614a, through the fan unit 660 and returns to
a outlet section of the primary fluid flow path 640 of the body 612 via the second duct
614b. The outlet section of the primary fluid flow 640 passes around a heater 646 and
when the heater is switched on fluid in the outlet section of the primary fluid flow path
640 is heated by the heater 646. Once the fluid in the outlet section of the primary fluid
flow path 640 has passed the heater 646 it exits from the front end 612b of the body 612
of the appliance.
When the fan unit 660 is switched on, air is drawn into the intake 632 of the primary
flow path 630, through the outlet section of the primary fluid flow path 640 and out of
the fluid outflow 612b of the body 612. The action of this air being drawn into and out
of the body causes fluid to be entrained or induced to flow along the fluid flow path
620. Thus there is one fluid flow (the primary flow path 630) which is actively drawn
in by the fan unit and another fluid flow which is created by the fluidic movement
caused by the action of the fan unit 660. This means that the fan unit 660 processes a
portion of the fluid that is output from the body 612 and the rest of the fluid that flows
through the body through the fluid flow path 620 passes through the body 612 without
being processed by the fan unit.
The entrained fluid that passes through the fluid flow path 620 exits from a downstream
end 618b of the tubular housing and combines with the fluid that exits the outlet section
of the primary fluid flow path 640a near the fluid outlet 612b of the body 612. Thus the
drawn flow is augmented or supplemented by the entrained flow. In addition, this
entrained fluid acts as a moving insulator, or a cooling flow for the tubular housing 618
which is accessible from the rear end 612a of the body.
The ducts 614 are used for conveying fluid flow around the appliance. In addition one
or both of the ducts 614a, 614b additionally comprises a handle for a user to hold whilst
using the appliance. The duct 614a, 614b may comprise a grippable portion on at least a
part of the duct that acts as a handle to assist a user holding the appliance.
The outlet section of the primary fluid flow path 640 is surrounded and defined by a
wall 644, 644a. For part of the outlet section of the primary fluid flow path the
surrounding wall is the outer wall 644a of the body, however in the region of the heater
646, this surrounding wall is an internal wall 644 and the outer wall of the body is the
inlet 632 of the primary fluid flow path 630. Thus fluid that is drawn into the primary
fluid flow path 630 provides a cooling flow for the wall 644, 644a which surrounds the
heater 646 and outlet section of the primary fluid flow path 640. In addition, this results
in fluid that flows along the primary fluid flow path 630 being pre-warmed by the heater
before it is processed by the fan unit 660 and directly heated by the heater 646 i.e. it is
fluid that is processed or drawn in by the fan unit 660 which is directly heated by the
heater. Also, fluid that flows along the primary fluid flow path 630 acts as a moving
fluid insulator for the outer wall 644, 632 of the body 612.
Figures 38 and 39 show a one handled two bodied appliance 700 having a first body 712
which defines a fluid flow path 720 through the appliance and a duct 714 which extends
from the first body 712 to a second body 716.
The fluid flow path 720 has a fluid intake 720a at a rear end 712a of the body 712 and a
fluid outflow 720b at a front end 712b of the body 712. Thus, fluid can flow along the
whole length of the body 712. The fluid flow path 720 is a central flow path for the
body 712 and for at least a part of the length of the body 712 the fluid flow path is
surrounded and defined by a tubular housing 718.
A primary fluid flow path 730 is provided. The primary fluid flow path 730 has a filter
covered inlet 730a in the second body portion 716. A fan assembly 760 which includes
a fan and a motor is also provided in the second body portion 716 and fluid is drawn
into the primary fluid flow path 730 by the fan assembly 760. Fluid that enters the inlet
730a is drawn in by the fan assembly 760, through the second body portion 716 into
duct 714. The inlet 730a is covered by a filter which filters fluid before it reaches the
fan assembly i.e. it is a pre-motor filter. Where duct 714 meets the body 712, the
primary fluid flow path 730 is defined by the outer wall 780 of the body 712 and the
tubular housing 718. Housed within this primary flow path between the two walls 780,
718 of the body is an at least partially annular heater 746 which can heat the fluid that
flows through the primary flow path 730. Thus fluid which is drawn into the appliance
is subsequently directly heated by the heater.
The entrained fluid that passes through the fluid flow path 720 exits from a downstream
end 718b of the tubular housing and combines with the fluid that exits the primary fluid
flow path 730 near the fluid outlet 712b of the body 712. Thus the drawn flow is
augmented or supplemented by the entrained flow.
Figures 40 and 4 1 show a one handled appliance 800 having a body 812 which defines a
fluid flow path 820 through the appliance and a duct 814 which extends from the first
body 812.
The fluid flow path 820 has a fluid intake 820a at a rear end 812a of the body 712 and a
fluid outflow 820b at a front end 812b of the body 812. Thus, fluid can flow along the
whole length of the body 812. The fluid flow path 820 is a central flow path for the
body 812 and for at least a part of the length of the body 812 the fluid flow path is
surrounded and defined by a tubular housing 818.
A primary fluid flow path 830 is provided. The primary fluid flow path 830 has a
filtered inlet 830a in the duct 814. A fan assembly 860 which includes a fan and a
motor is also provided in the duct 814 and fluid is drawn into the primary fluid flow
path 830 by the fan assembly 860. Fluid that enters the inlet 830a is drawn in by the fan
assembly 860, through the duct 814 and into the body 812. The inlet 830a is covered
by a filter which filters fluid before it reaches the fan assembly i.e. it is a pre-motor
filter. In the body 812, the primary fluid flow path 830 is defined by the outer wall 880
of the body 812 and the tubular housing 818. Housed within this primary flow path
between the two walls 880, 818 of the body is an at least partially annular heater 846
which can heat the fluid that flows through the primary flow path 830. Thus fluid
which is drawn into the appliance is subsequently directly heated by the heater.
The entrained fluid that passes through the fluid flow path 820 exits from a downstream
end 818b of the tubular housing and combines with the fluid that exits the primary fluid
flow path 830 near the fluid outlet 812b of the body 812. Thus the drawn flow is
augmented or supplemented by the entrained flow.
For all the embodiments described, the inner opening at one or other end of the
appliance can be used to store the appliance for example, by hooking the inner opening
onto a retainer such as a hook or nail for convenient storage and retrieval as required.
In all the embodiments described herein, the heater 46, 96, 296, 382, 388, 392, 446, 546,
646, 746, 846 is inaccessible from one or more of the inlet and outlet of the appliance.
Referring to Figure 12 for simplicity, at the inlet end 12a of the body 12 the tubular
housing 18 surrounds the internal surface of the heater 46, thus any foreign object that
enters the inlet will not directly contact the heater. In fact, when the fan unit is switched
on, anything loose that enters the inlet will be drawn in and through the body by the
entrained fluid.
At the outlet 12b, depending on the configuration of the internal ducting, there may be a
small indirect passage to the heater but as the downstream end 18b of the tubular
housing 18 is further downstream that the heater 46 anything inserted would not have a
direct line of sight to the heater and would have to be thinner and longer than say a
child's finger to reach the heater. In addition when the appliance is switched on
entrained fluid will be blowing the other way, accidental ingress of objects at this end
12b is unlikely. Obviously, the downstream end 18b of the tubular housing will be hot
when the heater is on but not as hot as the heater. This is useful from a safety aspect. If
something is inserted into the appliance, it cannot contact the heater directly.
In the embodiments shown in Figures 18,19, 27, 28 to 35 as the tubular housing 218,
394, 418, 518 extends for the whole length of the body 12, there is only a small annular
opening for access to the heater.
Figures 42 and 43 show a an appliance 910, the appliance has a body 912 having a fluid
inlet end 912a and a fluid outlet end 912b and a duct or handle 914 which is disposed
substantially perpendicular to the body 912.
The body 912 has an outer wall 912 and an inner wall 918. The inner wall 918 contains
a space or region 920 which is central to the body 912. The annular region 930 between
the inner 918 and outer 912 walls defines a fluid flow path through the appliance 910
and has a filter 970 covering the inlet to annular region 930. The tubular housing 918
is a duct, pipe or conduit that the generally longer that it is wide and preferably has a
substantially circular cross section, however, it may be oval, square, rectangular or
another shape.
Referring now to Figures 44 and 45, within annular region 930 are located a heater 946
and fan unit 950, 960. The fan 950 is mounted on a circular bearing 956 and powered
by a motor 960. Power from the motor 960 is provided to the fan using a magnetic
coupling, gear or belt mechanism 954. Power is provided to the motor 960 using an
electric cable 962, which has a standard plug attached to its' distal end (not shown). In
this example the cable 962 enters the appliance at the bottom of the handle 914 however
the entry point can be anywhere that would not cause excessive tugging on the cable
during use. The bearing 956 need not be circular and can be a discontinuous bearing
surface.
As the motor is not concentric with the fan which is often the case with conventional
appliances of this type, it can be located is a position that is advantageous to handling of
the appliance. Therefore, the motor can be positioned so as to balance the weight of the
appliance as the motor is not directly attached to the fan and can be remote thereto and
also to the heater which is another weight source for the appliance i.e. the motor can be
housed within the fluid flow path 920 or alternatively the motor is located within a duct
or handle 914.
In this example the fan 950 has a hub 952 which seals the inlet to the inner wall 918,
thus the space 920 defined by the inner wall 920 does not have any significant fluid
flow through it. The fan blades are of reduced length as they are mounted around the
tubular housing 918 rather than centrally to the body of the appliance. This results in a
reduction in the amount of fluid that can be drawn in by the fan 950 however as most of
the work is done by the outer part of the fan blades the reduction is not significant. This
reduced fan blade length has the advantage that weight of the appliance is reduced.
The hub 952 is preferably transparent and made from a durable plastic material such as
polycarbonate. The hub 952 can be shaped to provide a magnifying effect on an object
that enters the line of sight at the other end of the body 912b.
When the appliance is switched on, the motor 960 provides power to the fan 950 and
this draws fluid into the fluid flow path 930. If the heater 940 is activated, the fluid that
is drawn in is heated prior to exiting the body at the outflow end 912b.
The invention has been described in detail with respect to a hairdryer however, it is
applicable to any appliance that draws in a fluid and directs the outflow of that fluid
from the appliance.
The appliance can be used with or without a heater; the action of the outflow of fluid at
high velocity has a drying effect.
The fluid that flows through the appliance is generally air, but may be a different
combination of gases or gas and can include additives to improve performance of the
appliance or the impact the appliance has on an object the output is directed at for
example, hair and the styling of that hair.
The invention is not limited to the detailed description given above. Variations will be
apparent to the person skilled in the art.
CLAIMS
1. A hairdryer comprising a body, a duct, a fluid flow path extending through the
duct from a first fluid inlet through which a first fluid flow enters the hairdryer to a first
fluid outlet for emitting the first fluid flow from the hairdryer, a primary fluid flow path
extending from a second fluid inlet through which a primary fluid flow enters the
hairdryer to a second fluid outlet, a fan unit located in the primary fluid flow path for
drawing fluid through the second fluid inlet, a filter located in the primary fluid flow
path, wherein fluid is drawn through the fluid flow path by fluid emitted from the
second fluid outlet and wherein a heater is provided in the body and the heater extends
at least partially along and around the duct.
2 . A hairdryer according to claim 1, wherein the filter is located upstream of the
fan unit.
3 . A hairdryer according to claim 2, wherein the fan unit comprises a motor, and
the filter is located upstream of the motor.
4 . A hairdryer according to any preceding claim, wherein the filter is located
upstream of the heater.
5 . A hairdryer according to any preceding claim, wherein the filter is located at, or
adjacent, the second fluid inlet.
6 . A hairdryer according to any preceding claim, wherein the wherein the fluid
flow path is linear.
7 . A hairdryer according to claim 6, wherein the body has an axial direction
defined by the fluid flow path.
8 . A hairdryer according to claim 7, wherein the heater has a length extending in
the axial direction of the body.
9 . A hairdryer according to any preceding claim, wherein the second fluid inlet and
the filter are annular in shape.
10. A hairdryer according to any preceding claim, wherein the fluid flow path is
accessible to a user.
11. A hairdryer according to any preceding claim, wherein the primary fluid flow
path is non-linear.
12. A hairdryer according to any preceding claim, comprising a duct connected to
the body, and wherein the primary fluid flow path extends through the duct.
13. A hairdryer according to claim 12, wherein the duct comprises a handle of the
hairdryer.
14. A hairdryer according to claim 12 or claim 13, wherein the fan unit is located
inside the duct.
15. A hairdryer according to any preceding claim, wherein the second fluid outlet
extends about the fluid flow path.
16. A hairdryer according to any preceding claim, wherein the second fluid outlet is
annular.
17. A hairdryer according to any preceding claim, wherein the second fluid outlet is
arranged to emit fluid into the fluid flow path.
18. A hairdryer according to any of claims 1 to 16, wherein the second fluid outlet
extends about the first fluid outlet.
19. A hand held appliance a body, a duct, a fluid flow path extending through the
duct from a first fluid inlet through which a first fluid flow enters the hairdryer to a first
fluid outlet for emitting the first fluid flow from the hairdryer, a primary fluid flow path
extending from a second fluid inlet through which a primary fluid flow enters the
hairdryer to a second fluid outlet, a fan unit located in the primary fluid flow path for
drawing fluid through the second fluid inlet, a filter located in the primary fluid flow
path, wherein fluid is drawn through the fluid flow path by fluid emitted from the
second fluid outlet and wherein a heater is provided in the body and the heater extends
at least partially along and around the duct.
20. An appliance according to claim 19, wherein the filter is located upstream of the
fan unit.
21. An appliance according to claim 20, wherein the fan unit comprises a motor, and
the filter is located upstream of the motor.
22. An appliance according to any of claims 19 to 21, wherein the filter is located
upstream of the heater.
23. An appliance according to any of claims 19 to 22, wherein the filter is located at,
or adjacent, the second fluid inlet.
24. An appliance according to any of claims 19 to 23, wherein the wherein the fluid
flow path is linear
25. An appliance according to claim 24, wherein the body has an axial direction
defined by the fluid flow path.
26. An appliance according to claim 26, wherein the heater has a length extending in
the axial direction of the body.
27. An appliance according to any of claims 19 to 26, wherein the second fluid inlet
and the filter are annular in shape.
28. An appliance according to any of claims 19 to 27, wherein the fluid flow path is
accessible to a user.
29. An appliance according to any of claims 19 to 28, wherein the primary fluid
flow path is non-linear.
30. An appliance according to any of claims 19 to 29, comprising a duct connected
to the body, and wherein the primary fluid flow path extends through the duct.
31. An appliance according to claim 30, wherein the duct comprises a handle of the
appliance.
32. An appliance according to claim 30 or claim 31, wherein the fan unit is located
inside the duct.
33. An appliance according to any of claims 19 to 32, wherein the second fluid
outlet extends about the fluid flow path.
34. An appliance according to any of claims 19 to 33, wherein the second fluid
outlet is annular.
35. An appliance according to any of claims 19 to 34, wherein the second fluid
outlet is arranged to emit fluid into the fluid flow path.
36. An appliance according to any of claims 19 to 34, wherein the second fluid
outlet extends about the first fluid outlet.
37. A hairdryer as substantially herein described with reference to the Figures.