The following specification particularly describes the invention
and
the manner in which it is to be performed

Field of the invention:
[001] The present invention relates to a portable, mobile interfaced, open access potentiostat with extended voltage application and current measurement range and equipped with battery as well as wireless operating system. The present invention HOME-STAT is capable of performing routine cyclic voltammetry (CV) and chrono amperometry analysis both. More specifically, it estimates the sensitivity of a sensor from CV graphs. The present system is equipped with User Selectable Switches in the hardware to select the voltage sweep range and the protocol instead of smart phone based control. This reduces the power consumption of Bluetooth enabled smart phone based control. The sensitivity information displayed in the smart phone can be transmitted with the WiFi facility to the users.

Background/Prior art:
[002] Rapid advances in the development of novel materials coupled with the enhanced understanding of molecular interactions are leading to interesting electrochemical biosensor technologies with potential for commercialization. Reliable handheld potentiostats are the key requirements for transformation of these technologies from laboratories to point-of-care applications. Electrochemical cells are widely used for electrochemical and biological applications. Typically, electrochemical cells have a working electrode, a non-current carrying reference electrode and a counter electrode. Controlling and measuring the electrical parameters of an electrode reaction in a cell is done by potential, current and charge control methods.
[003] A potentiostat is the electronic hardware required to control a three electrode cell and run most electroanalytical experiments. In potentiostatic mode, a potentiostat/galvanostat (PGSTAT) accurately controls the potential of the Counter Electrode (CE) against the Working Electrode (WE) so that the potential difference between the working electrode (WE) and the Reference Electrode (RE) is well defined, and correspond to the value specified by the user. In galvanostatic mode, the current flow between the WE and the CE is controlled. The potential difference between the RE and WE and the current flowing between the CE and WE are continuously monitored. By using a PGSTAT, the value specified by the user (i.e. applied potential or current) is accurately controlled, anytime during the measurement by using a negative feedback mechanism.
[003] The related prior work in this field is cited herein.The invention US20190170687A1 discloses a low-cost, portable potentiostat capable of performing several different electrochemical experiments (e.g. cyclic voltammetry and anodic stripping voltammetry) was designed. The potentiostat runs on one or more batteries and has a battery life of over two weeks. Further, the potentiostat of the present invention is capable of self-calibrating and has a linear dynamic range spanning several orders of magnitude. It is also capable of saving data onto an onboard data storage card and is able to export the data to a computer for additional analysis. The potentiostat requires no peripheral hardware and is suitable for use by those with even minimal training in electrochemistry.
[004] Another invention US8845870B2 discloses A small, portable, and inexpensive potentiostat circuit that is suitable for wide-spread electrochemical analysis is disclosed. The potentiostat may be fabricated as a stand-alone electrical component or it may be fabricated in conjunction with a Programmable System-on-Chip (SoC) to facilitate on-the-fly calibration and configuration.
[005] The invention CN101661015A discloses an universal portable detector for an electrochemical biosensor takes a microcontroller integrating functions of digital-to-analog conversion and analog-to-digital conversion together as a core, wherein, a peripheral circuit comprises a power management module, a constant potential module, an E<2>PROM memory, a clock manager, a temperature sensor, a buzzer, a keypad input module and an LCD module. The universal portable detector takes high integration level, low power consumption and practicability as a design principle; the detector has small volume and convenient power supply with a battery, thus having portability; and the detector is applicable to on-spot analysis in the fields such as medical detection, food security, environmental protection and the like, thus meeting the requirement for fast detection.
[006] The invention US10641721 discloses an apparatus and method for performing impedance spectroscopy with a handheld measuring device. Conformal analyte sensor circuits comprising a porous nanotextured substrate and a conductive material situated on the top surface of the solid substrate in a circuit design may be used alone or in combination with a handheld potentiometer. Also disclosed are methods of detecting and/or quantifying target analytes in a sample using a handheld measuring device.
[007] The invention US20180266986 discloses a device having a multi-channel potentiostat circuit and a microcontroller for controlling the multi-channel potentiostat circuit. The multi-channel potentiostat circuit includes a counter electrode, a reference electrode, and a first switch between the counter electrode and the reference electrode. The multi-channel potentiostat circuit also includes a plurality of measurement circuits coupled to respective second switches. The microcontroller can configure to provide a first signal to the multi-channel potentiostat circuit to control the first switch, wherein a state of the first switch changes an operating mode of the multi-channel potentiostat circuit. The microcontroller is also configured to provide a second signal to the multi-channel potentiostat circuit to control at least one of the second switches to couple at least one of the plurality of measurement circuits to a working electrode.
[008] Another invention WO2016154762A1 represents a portable detection device in a smart phone cover with magnetic wireless communication protocol is described. The electrochemical detection device consists of electrochemical detection unit (e.g., potentiostat), digital building block (microcontroller) and wireless communication port that can be connected with mobile devices such as smartphones. (e.g., USB, Bluetooth, NFC, or magnetic communication protocol described herein). The electrochemical detection unit can connect to a chip that contains electrodes and a port for receiving fluid for point-of-care diagnostic application, heavy metal detection, glucose monitoring, and water and food quality testing. Digital building block processes the signal received from the detection unit and sends the signal out via communication port. The electronic device is encapsulated within smartphone cover. The wireless communication port described herein allows the data to travel wirelessly from the device to a host mobile device (e.g., smartphone) within a very short distance using magnetic field as communication medium.
[009] The invention CN105891313A discloses a portable potentiostat application platform based on vitamin B detection and aims to overcome defects of low measurement precision and large control errors of an existing potentiostat. The portable potentiostat application platform is characterized in that a power module is connected with a power input end of a microcontroller module. The portable potentiostat application platform based on vitamin B detection can detect trace vitamin B and can be combined with an electrochemical impedance test system for application.
[010] A research article describes the design and characterization of an open-source “universal wireless electrochemical detector” (UWED) [A. Alar et. al., Analytical Chemistry, 2018, 90 (10), p 6240-6246]. This detector interfaces with a smartphone (or a tablet) using “Bluetooth Low Energy” protocol; the smartphone provides (i) a user interface for receiving the experimental parameters from the user and visualizing the result in real time, and (ii) a proxy for storing, processing, and transmitting the data and experimental protocols. Although the operating ranges of electrical current and voltage of the UWED (±1.5 V, ±180 µA) are more limited than most benchtop commercial potentiostats, its functional range is sufficient for most electrochemical analyses in aqueous solutions. Because the UWED is simple, small in size, assembled from inexpensive components, and completely wireless, it offers new opportunities for the development of affordable diagnostics, sensors, and wearable devices.
[011] Another research article describes a wireless, wearable, open-source potentiostat. The KAUSTat device interfaces with a smart phone to generate cyclic voltammetry curves using a Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) protocol [Ahmad R et. al., IEEE Sensors, Montreal, 27-30 Oct. 2019, p 1-4]. Experiments with buffer and hexacyanoferrate solutions were conducted to assess the efficiency of the device. The results generated by KAUSTat are in agreement with those of the commercial potentiostat “Emstat.” Considering wireless and wearable features of KAUSTat, it represents a convenient portable device for on-site sensing with low-power requirements.
[012] However, the present invention relates to a portable, battery powered, mobile interfaced, open access, wireless potentiostat with extended potential application and current measurement (voltage range: ±4V, current range: ±5mA). The proposed system is capable of performing routine cyclic voltammetry (CV) and chronoamperometry analysis. It can also estimate the sensitivity of a sensor from CV graphs. This system is equipped with User selectable switches in the hardware to select the voltage sweep range and the protocol instead of smart phone based control. This reduces the power consumption of Bluetooth enabled smart phone based control. The sensitivity information which is displayed in the smart phone can be transmitted with the WiFi facility to the stakeholders. The present system ensures data privacy protection and minimum chance of data corruption.
[013] Therefore, to the best of our knowledge, none of the above mentioned prior art attempts, individually or collectively, proposed the system and embodiments indicated and disclosed by the present invention.
Object of the invention:
[014] The objective of the present invention is to develop a portable, battery powered, mobile interfaced, open access, wireless potentiostat with extended potential application range of ±4V and current measurement range of ±5mA.
[015] Another objective of the present invention is to develop a system capable of performing routine cyclic voltametry (CV) and chronoamperometry analysis.
[016] Another objective of this invention is to develop a system that can also estimate the sensitivity of a sensor from CV graphs.
[017] Further objective of this invention is to develop a user friendly system, equipped with User selectable switches in the hardware to select the voltage sweep range and the protocol instead of smart phone based control.
[018] Yet another objective of this present invention is to develop a power saving system that reduces the power consumption of Bluetooth enabled smartphone based control.
[019] Yet another object of this present invention is to develop a smart system where the sensitivity information which is displayed in the smartphone can be transmitted with the WIFI facility to the stakeholders.
[020] Yet another object of this present invention is to ensure data protection and minimising chance of data corruption.

Summary of the invention:
[021] The present invention discloses a portable, battery powered, mobile interfaced, open access, wireless potentiostat with extended potential application and current measurement range. The proposed system can be divided into two major sections: a custom designed Analog Front End and the Digital Processors.
[022] In an aspect of the invention, the analog front end generates a stable voltage for the reference electrode (RE) through first microcontroller (MC1) and measures the current output between the counter (CE) and the working electrodes (WE) through second microcontroller (MC2). The entire design arrangement is powered by 4 lithium-ion 18650 rechargeable cell 3.7V, 2200mAh batteries, two each for positive and negative supplies which get activated through on-off switch. The output of the battery is connected to two booster ICs(XL6009) for generating ±10V which are then interfaced to constant power supply ICs (LM7805, LM7905, LM7812 and LM7912) to provide supply voltages of +5V, -5V, +12 V and -12 V respectively.
A battery recharging unit, with TP4056 charging IC, is also present so that convenient charging of battery is possible using the USB port. The preferred embodiment also configures protocol selector switches (PSS) for the user to choose between cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry measurements. These switches are connected to both the micrcocontrollers (MC1, MC2) for the necessary action. Further, the present system is embedded with voltage range selection switches (VRS) for the users which are interfaced with (MC1), whereas (MC2) is connected to the smart phone through the Bluetooth module from which the data can be transmitted to the internet using WiFi.

Brief Description of the Drawing:
[023] The manner in which the above recited features of the present invention can be understood in detail, a more particular description of the invention, briefly summarized above, may have been referred by embodiments, some of which are illustrated in the appended drawings. It is to be noted, however, 5 that the appended drawings illustrate only typical embodiments of this invention and are therefore not to be considered limiting of its scope, for the invention may admit to other equally effective embodiments.

[024] Figure 100: Design of the device
[025] Figure 201: Analog Front End with its functional blocks
[026] Figure 202: The detailed diagram of the booster circuit
[027] Figure 203: The USB charging module
[028] Figure 300: The display of the HOME-Stat with cyclic voltammetry in smartphone via Bluetooth

Detailed description of the invention with reference to the accompanying drawings:
[029] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of the specification,
illustrate an embodiment of the invention, and together with the description, serve to explain the
principles of the inventions.

[030] The embodiments are in such detail as to clearly communicate the disclosure. The amount of detail offered has the intention to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling
within the scope of the present disclosure as defined by the appended claims.

[031] The terms and words used in the following description and claims are not limited to the bibliographical meanings, but, are merely used by the inventor to enable a clear and consistent
understanding of the present disclosure. Accordingly, it should be apparent to those skilled in the
art that the following description of various embodiments of the present disclosure is provided
for illustration purpose only and not for the purpose of limiting the present disclosure as defined
by the appended claims and their equivalents.
[032] The following is a detailed description of embodiments of the disclosure depicted in the accompanying drawings. The embodiments are in such detail as to clearly communicate the disclosure. The amount of detail offered has the intention to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the scope of the present disclosure as defined by the appended claims.
[033] As used in the description herein and throughout the claims that follow, the meaning of “a,” “an,” and “the” includes plural reference unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. If the specification states a feature “may” or “can” be included or have a characteristic, that particular feature is not required to be included or have the characteristic.
[034] The present system describes the voltage generator circuit which has been upgraded to accommodate a flexible voltage range upto ±4V with a maximum current measuring capability of ±5mA which is a significant improvement compared to the existing wireless potentiostats at an affordable price. This feature enhances the applicability of the device ranging from interface with a wide category of electrochemical biosensors for PoC testing to laboratory based electrochemical analysis in resource limited educational institutions. User selectable switches have been incorporated in the hardware to select the voltage sweep range and the protocol instead of smart phone based control. This reduces the power consumption of Bluetooth enabled smart phone based control. Presently HOME-Stat is capable of performing routine cyclic voltammetry (CV) and chronoamperometry analysis. It can also estimate the sensitivity of a sensor from CV graphs. Further, the sensitivity information which is displayed in the smart phone can be transmitted with the WiFi facility to the stakeholders. We also suggest design modifications required for incorporating more protocols.
[035] Figure 1 illustrates the design of the device. In the preferred embodiment, the proposed system can be divided into two major sections: a custom designed (A) Analog Front End and (B) Digital Processors.

(A) Analog Front End (AFE):

[036] The analog front end generates a stable voltage for the reference electrode (RE) through ARDUINO UNO first microcontroller 1 (MC1) and measures the current output between the counter (CE) and the working electrodes (WE) through second ARDUINO UNO microcontroller 2 (MC2).
[037] The AFE can be divided primarily into 6 functional blocks: digital to analog converter circuit (DAC), voltage scaling circuit (VSC), two buffer circuits (B1 and B2), current to voltage converter or current follower circuit (CF) and analog to digital converter (ADC). These 6 blocks have been illustrated in the diagram shown in Figure 2a.
The ramp signal from the first microcontroller (MC1) goes to 12-bit DAC board, MCP4725 by Microchip Technology. It is controlled via I²C pin by sending the value to be generated and the output voltage is extracted from the VOUT pin. The output voltage is rail-to-rail and proportional to the supply, because 5V is provided at supply pin, the output voltage ranges from 0V to 5V. The signal generated by DAC board is to be scaled to a range -4V to +4V from 0V to +5V; this is achieved by the VSC. The VSC comprises of LM358 low-power dual-operational amplifier IC and a set of resistors.
[038] The ramp signal from VSC goes to a RE through a buffer circuit (B1). B1 is realized by LM358 from Texas Instruments, the main purpose of this arrangement is to match the low impedance of VSC with the high impedance of RE in the electrolyte solution so that, no back flow of current occurs. The RE is connected to another op-amp based buffer circuit (B2) designed by LM358. The current from WE are extracted by CF. In CF circuit, output voltage is proportional to input current and it is designed using LM358 dual op-amp and resistors. The resistor which corresponds to a particular current range is selected automatically using signal from second microcontroller (MC2). 4 sets of resistors are used for 0-100µA, 100-500 µA, 500µA-2mA, 2-5mA. The resistor for a particular range of current is selected in such a way that the corresponding output voltage spans the entire range of ADC to avoid reduction in resolution. The output voltage from CF is an analog voltage which cannot be directly processed by the microcontroller. Hence a 16-bit ADC module, ADS1115 from Texas Instruments is used. It is an ultra-small, low-power, I2C-compatible 16-Bit ADC with internal reference, oscillator, and programmable comparator. It has a large operating temperature range from –40°C to +125°C. These features, along with a wide operating supply range from 2.0 V to 5.5 V and low current consumption of 150 µA in continuous-conversion mode, make the ADS1115 well suited for power and space-constrained, sensor measurement applications.
[039] The ADC is operated at 5V supply voltage, and the signal generated by it, is fed to the second microcontroller (MC2) for data storage, processing and transmission.
The detailed diagram of the booster circuit and the USB charging module has been depicted in Figure 2b(i) and Figure 2b(ii) respectively.

(B) Digital Processors:

[040] The present invention is designed with a pair of ARDUINO UNO microcontrollers (MC1, MC2). The ARDUINO UNO is a microcontroller board based on the ATMEGA 328. It has 14 digital input/output pins (of which 6 can be used as PWM outputs), 6 analog inputs, a 16 MHz ceramic resonator, a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP header, and a reset button. It can be directly connected to a computer with a USB cable. The UNO boards in the present system is operated in 5V. The DC current per analog input/output pin is 40 mA. The ATMEGA 328, main processor in the UNO board has a flash memory of 32 KB of which 0.5 KB is used by boot loader, SRAM of 2KB and inbuilt EEPROM of 1KB which can function at a clock speed 16 MHz. The ATMEGA 328 is programmed with the ARDUINO software by connecting it directly with the USB port of the UNO board and that of the PC. The first microcontroller (MC1) when initiated generates a voltage at output ports SDA (A4) and SCL (A5) which is fed to the DAC.
Analog voltage ranging from 0V to +5V from the ADC is fed through ports SDA (A4) and SCL (A5) to the second microcontroller (MC2). The said controller is programmed to read these data and store in a 2D array. The highest values and the corresponding voltages are stored as separate variables in the internal memory.
[041] The (MC2) is connected to Bluetooth module, HC05 via UART port and digital port pins 0 and 1. In order to prevent the module from damages, a potential divider circuit between Arduino TX pin and module RX pin is used. HC05 is a serial Bluetooth module for Arduino and other microcontrollers with an operating voltage of 4V to 6V (here, it has been connected to +5V power supply) and operating current of 30mA. It has a short range of communication, where the devices should be at a distance of less than 100m. The default data mode baud rate is 9600bps and default command mode baud rate is 38400bps. It works with Serial communication (USART), is TTL compatible, and follows IEEE 802.15.1 standardized protocol and hence can be easily interfaced with laptop or mobile phones.
[042] Three tactile push button switches (Analyte Switch, PSS, VRS) are connected to both the said microcontrollers (MC1, MC2). These switches have operating temperature range of -20? to +70? with a power rating of maximum 50mA, 24V(DC) and has a very low contact resistance of less than 100 m?.
[043] One of these switches is the Analyte Switch interfaced with the second microcontroller (MC2) at port A0 analog input pin. Activating this switch enables the said controller to capture reading in presence of an analyte.
[044] In the preferred embodiment, Apart from these functional blocks, the system is also configured with protocol selector switches (PSS) for the user to choose between cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry measurements. These switches are connected to both the micrcocontrollers (MC1, MC2) at ports A1 and A2 analog input pins for the necessary action .
[045] Cyclic voltammetry (CV) is a broadly used method of biochemical electroanalysis. The cycle of increasing and decreasing potential during forward and reverse scan is repeated at least 5 consecutive cycles to obtain a graph of current versus potential known as cyclic voltammogram. This graph is then used to study a variety of redox processes, for the qualitative and quantitative determination of numerous dissolved inorganic and organic substances in the solution.
[046] Another electrochemical measurement technique is chronoamperometry. In this analysis, the potentiostat is programmed to maintain a constant voltage at RE with respect to WE. The current at CE is measured after fixed interval of time. This results in a graph of current versus time where the transient current response can be seen. For study of electrolyte noise, diffusion processes, electrode processes of coupled chemical reactions and complex reaction mechanisms, the transient current recorded in chronoamperometry is useful.
[047] In a preferred embodiment, wherein CV protocol is selected, then it generates triangular wave at a sweep rate of 50mV/sec and sends the generated voltages between 0 to 5V to the ADC of the MC2 where they have been scaled depending on the preset selection by voltage range selection switches VRS and CV graph is generated. After one complete run, the device still remains switched on and Analyte switch is not pressed, then steps from storing data to plotting CV graph are repeated. When the Analyte switch is pressed while the CV button has been activated, then the device enters the sensing mode. In the sensing mode, a new CV plot is generated and plotted in the smart phone. The previous CV graph is displayed (left of the screen) along with the new analyte graph (right of the screen) with new CV values. Next, the currents for the forward and the reverse scans corresponding to the voltages is extracted in the MC2 and sensitivity is calculated by the fractional change in the current values before and after the Analyte switch is pressed. This sensitivity value is transmitted and displayed in the smart phone. The android interface is incorporated with a special “send button” in sensing mode. When this send button is clicked, then sensitivity value is sent to particular email (email has been already programmed in the app) by activating the WiFi of the smartphone.

[048] In the preferred embodiment, when the chronoamperometry switch is activated, then a constant voltage or step signal is generated by the MC1. Current reading from WE are recorded by the MC2 but data is stored in a 2D array of current and time. After a time of 2 minutes, a protocol signal corresponding to chronoamperometry is sent by MC2 to APP and a graph of current versus time is activated.

[049] The (VRS) are configured for the users which are interfaced with (MC1), whereas (MC2) is connected to the smart phone through the Bluetooth module from which the data can be transmitted to the internet using WiFi.

[050] In another preferred embodiment, the 3-way selector push button switch of VRS is used for selecting any one of the 3 ranges (±4V, ±2V, ±1V). These switches have a very low on resistance, a maximum voltage capacity of 12V and maximum current of 50mA. When the user selects the voltage range by pressing one of the three push button switches, then the preset corresponding to the selected voltage range is connected to the arrangement. If one of the buttons is pressed then the other two loses contact immediately, hence assuring that two simultaneous parallel connections of resistors are impossible.

[051] The entire system is powered by plurality of lithium-ion 18650 rechargeable cell 3.7V, 2200mAh batteries (B), a pair each for positive and negative supplies which get activated through an on-off switch (S). The output of the battery has been connected to a pair of booster ICs (XL6009) for generating ±10V which are then interfaced to constant power supply (PS) ICs (LM7805, LM7905, LM7812 and LM7912) to provide supply voltages of +5V, -5V, +12 V and -12 V respectively. A battery recharging circuit (R), with TP4056 charging IC, is also configured so that convenient charging of battery is possible using the USB port.
The display of the HOME-Stat with cyclic voltammetry in smartphone via Bluetooth is shown in Figure 3.
[052] In the preferred embodiment, the method for generation of stable voltage in Potentiostat executes and ramp signal is being sent from (MC1) to DAC and the generated signal is scaled at DAC board to a range -4V to +4V from 0V to +5V through VSC wherein Sending ramp signal from VSC to a RE through (B1) restrict back flow of current, op-amp based buffer circuit (B2) is connected to RE wherein current between WE and CE was extracted by CF and feeding to ADC and resistors corresponding to a particular current range (0-100µA, 100-500 µA, 500µA-2mA, 2-5mA) is selected using signal from (MC2), wherein corresponding output voltage spans the entire range of ADC to avoid reduction in resolution.
[053] In another preferred embodiment, the method for transmission of stored data in Potentiostat executes by ADC module configured which operates in temperature range from –40°C to +125°C and a wide operating supply range from 2.0 V to 5.5 V and low current consumption of 150 µA in continuous-conversion mode, to process output voltage from CF to MC2 for data storage in 2D array wherein one for the forward scan and other for the backward scan and the same process is repeated for 5 consecutive cycles of forward and reverse scans in 2D arrays and averaging such for reducing the various noises from the electrochemical system,MC2 is controlled to search through both the 2D arrays for the highest value of current and storing separate variables in the internal memory and connected to Bluetooth module configured with a potential divider to prevent the said module from damages wherein protocol signal by MC2 using PSS switch and sending to Bluetooth module via UART port serially, triangular wave at a sweep rate of 50mV/sec has been generated and sending the generated voltages between 0 to 5V to the ADC of the MC2 by scaling depending on the preset selection by VRS switch for protocol CV and CV graph of averaged current versus voltage for protocol CV was plotted. storing data in 2D array to plotting CV graph is repeated wherein after one complete run the device still remains switched on and Analyte Switch not pressed. Entering in sensing mode with pressing the Analyte Switch and activating the CV button and plotting new CV graph in the smart device attached. Current corresponding to voltage data from MC2 extracted and calculating sensitivity by the fractional change in the current values before and after pressing the Analyte Switch the same were transmitting and displaying the said sensitivity value in the smart device wherein “send button” is clicked for sending sensitivity value to particular email by activating the WiFi of the smart device, wherein a constant voltage or step signal by MC1 in the protocol chronoamperometry, and current reading from WE by MC2 were recorded and generated

Advantage of the invention:
[054] The advantage of the present invention is that it develops a portable, mobile interfaced, open access potentiostat that accommodates a flexible voltage range upto ±4V with a maximum current measuring capability of ±5mA.
[055] Another advantage of the present invention is that it develops a system capable of performing routine cyclic voltametry (CV) and chronoamperometry analysis.
[056] Further advantage of this invention is that it develops a system that can also estimate the sensitivity of a sensor from CV graphs.
[057] Another advantage of this invention is that it develops a user friendly system, equipped with User selectable switches in the hardware to select the voltage sweep range and the protocol instead of smart phone based control.
[058] Another advantage of this invention is that it is battery powered that can be operated in wireless mode.
[059] Another advantage of this invention is that for having direct selection buttons on device HOME-stat it operates even if smart phone connected to it via bluetooth stops functioning.
[060] Another advantage of this present invention is that it develops a power saving system that reduces the power consumption of Bluetooth enabled smart phone based control.
[061] Yet another advantage of this present invention is that the HOME-Stat stores data temporarily on Arduino board if it cannot transfer data via Bluetooth and starts sending data once connection is re-established, assuring no loss of data even in cases of connection disruption or smart phone malfunction.
[062] Further advantage of this present invention is that it develops a smart system where the data collected by HOME-Stat can be transferred directly as email through internet so both data privacy protection is present and chance of data corruption is minimized.
[063] It will be understood that the invention may be carried out into practice by skilled persons with many modifications, variations and adaptations without departing from its spirit or exceeding the scope of the claims in describing the invention for the purpose of illustration.
[064] Any inclusion to or deletion from the embodiment occurred, the specification is herein deemed as modified thus fulfilling the written description of all elements used in the claims so appended.

I claim,
1. A System of Handheld Mobile-Interface Potentiostat comprises of;
? Analog Front End (AFE) configured with three electrodes, Counter electrode (CE), Working Electrode (WE) and Reference Electrode (RE) for controlling the potential difference and measuring current
? First microcontroller (MC1) for generation of stable voltage for RE ,
? Second microcontroller (MC2) for measurement of current output between CE and WE,
? An Analyte Switch connected to (MC2) for enabling the said controller to capture reading in presence of an analyte,
? A Protocol Selector switches (PSS) connected to MC1 and MC2, for choosing measurements between cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry,
? A Voltage Range Selection switches (VRS) attached to MC1, for selection of voltage range,
? A power supply (PS) for operating the said system,
? A plurality of Lithium ion Batteries (B) attached to (PS) for generation of electric power,
? An on-off switch (S) for activation of (B),
? A pair of booster ICs ( ) for generation of ±10V interfacing to (PS),
? A battery recharging unit (R) for convenient charging of battery using USB port,
? A smart device connected to MC2 for transmission of data using Wi-fi.
2. A system of Potentiostat as claimed in claim 1, wherein Analog Front End (AFE) further comprises of;
? DAC (Digital to analogue converter ) to convert digital to analog
? A voltage scaling unit (VSC) for changing voltage scale
? A pair of buffer unit (B1 and B2) to match low impedance DAC to high impedance of RE
? A current to voltage converter or current follower (CF) and
? An analog to digital converter (ADC).
3. A system of Potentiostat as claimed in claim 1, wherein Analog Front End (AFE) generates a stable voltage for the (RE) through (MC1) and measures the current output between (CE) and (WE) through (MC2)
4. A system of Potentiostat as claimed in claim 1, wherein it performs the dual protocols cyclic voltammetry (CV) and chronoamperometry analysis.
5. A method for generation of stable voltage in Potentiostat, comprises the steps of;
? Sending ramp signal from (MC1) to DAC,
? Scaling the generated signal at DAC board to a range -4V to +4V from 0V to +5V through VSC,
? Sending ramp signal from VSC to a RE through (B1) to restrict back flow of current,
? Connecting RE to op-amp based buffer circuit (B2),
? Extracting current between WE and CE by CF and feeding to ADC,
? Selecting resistors corresponding to a particular current range (0-100µA, 100-500 µA, 500µA-2mA, 2-5mA) using signal from (MC2), wherein corresponding output voltage spans the entire range of ADC to avoid reduction in resolution,
6. A system of Potentiostat as claimed in claim 5 , wherein the voltage generator circuit accommodates a flexible voltage range upto ±4V with a maximum current measuring capability of ±5mA.

7. A method for transmission of stored data in Potentiostat, comprises the steps of;
? Using ADC module configured with operating temperature range from –40°C to +125°C and a wide operating supply range from 2.0 V to 5.5 V and low current consumption of 150 µA in continuous-conversion mode, to process output voltage from CF to MC2 for data storage in 2D array wherein one for the forward scan and other for the backward scan,
? Repeating for 5 consecutive cycles of forward and reverse scans in 2D arrays and averaging such for reducing the various noises from the electrochemical system,
? Controlling MC2 to search through both the 2D arrays for the highest value of current and storing separate variables in the internal memory,
? Connecting (MC2) to Bluetooth module configured with a potential divider,
to prevent the said module from damages,
? Generating protocol signal by MC2 using PSS switch and sending to Bluetooth module via UART port serially,
? Generating triangular wave at a sweep rate of 50mV/sec and sending the generated voltages between 0 to 5V to the ADC of the MC2 by scaling depending on the preset selection by VRS switch for protocol CV,
? Plotting CV graph of averaged current versus voltage for protocol CV,
? Repeating steps from storing data in 2D array to plotting CV graph wherein after one complete run the device still remains switched on and Analyte Switch not pressed,
? Entering in sensing mode with pressing the Analyte Switch and activating the CV button and plotting new CV graph in the smart device attached,
? Extracting current corresponding to voltage data from MC2 and calculating sensitivity by the fractional change in the current values before and after pressing the Analyte Switch,
? Transmitting and displaying the said sensitivity value in the smart device,
? Clicking “send button” in sensing mode for sending sensitivity value to particular email by activating the WiFi of the smart device,
? Generating a constant voltage or step signal by MC1 in the protocol chronoamperometry,
? Recording Current reading from WE by MC2,
? Sending protocol signal corresponding to chronoamperometry by MC2 to APP after 2 minutes and activating a graph of current versus time.
8. The method as claimed in claim 7, wherein three tactile push button switches (Analyte Switch, PSS, VRS) connected to two microcontrollers (MC1, MC2) operates in temperature range of -20? to +70? with a power rating of maximum 50mA, 24V(DC) and contact resistance of less than 100 m?.
9. The method as claimed in claim 7, wherein the 3-way selector push button switch of VRS selects the ranges as ±4V or ±2V or ±1V and whereas by selecting voltages preset to the selected voltage range and pressing one of the buttons deactivates the other two ensuring non-working of two simultaneous parallel connections of resistors.
10. The method as claimed in claim 7 wherein data can be stored temporarily on Arduino board in case of unavailability of Bluetooth and starts sending data when connection re-establishes and assuring no loss of data at the time of connection disruption and smart device malfunctioning.

Abstract
HOME-Stat: A Handheld Open-Access Mobile-Interface
[065] The present invention relates to a handheld, open source, battery powered, smartphone integrated potentiostat with extended voltage application (upto ±4V) and current measurement range (upto ±5mA). The present invention configured with a pair of microcontrollers (MC1, MC2), three tactile push button switches (Analyte Switch, PSS, VRS). User selectable switches selects the voltage sweep range and the protocol instead of smartphone based control. This reduces the power consumption of Bluetooth enabled smartphone based control. Presently HOME-Stat is capable of performing routine cyclic voltammetry (CV) and chronoamperometry analysis. It can also estimate the sensitivity of a sensor from CV graphs. The sensitivity information which is displayed in the smartphone can be transmitted with the WiFi facility to the stakeholders.

Claims:WE CLAIM:
1. A portable movable apparatus for generating non-hazardous and nitrogen rich organic fertilizer through recycling of slaughterhouse wastes comprising of:
? A vessel (8) for loading the waste,
? A mobile cart (7) attached to the said vessel (8) for easy relocation of the said vessel (8),
? A plurality of castor wheels (10) attached to mobile cart (7) for easy movement atop a rail track (9),
? A supporting arrangement (5) for giving support of the whole apparatus,
? A mixing spindle (4) attached with helical mixing blade (11) for mixing the waste,
? A motor (1) connected to spindle (4) through coupling (3) for running the apparatus,
? A screw jack lever (6) and a hand wheel (12) attached to motor (1) and blade (11) for making up-down motion of waste during mixing,
? A gearbox (2) for holding the assembly of (4) and (11),
? A burner for heating up the waste.

2. An apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the main frame of the equipment is 80-90 inches in height and 50-55 inches in breadth constructed of hollow pipes having a diameter in the range of 1-1.5 inches wherein the length of the screw jack is in the range of 30-35 inches having a screw pitch of 0.5-1.0 inches and a diameter of 1-2 inches. The length of the spindle ranges from 25-30 inches. The blade disc is of 20-25 inches in breadth having a distance of 10-15 inches between the turns. External diameter of the vessel ranges from 20-25 inches with a height of 25-30 inches.
3. An apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein design of mixing spindle (4) attached with helical mixing blade (11) with multiple turn helps to cut, mix and shred the waste materials, chops off the load at desired particle size and distributes heat uniformly throughout the vessel (8) and accelerates the drying rate of waste wherein the helical blade (11) configured with forward and reverse rotation and speed maintained between 50 to 250 rpm.
4. An apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein movable cart (7) attached to the said drying unit vessel (8) frame for easy relocation of the vessel and for collection of rural slaughterhouse wastes and its processing.
5. An apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein it achieves removal of moisture till the desired dryness (15%-16%) as well as removal of pathogens from such waste by direct heating using a burner to the movable drying vessel (8) raising material temperature up to 90-110°C for 2-3 hours.
6. An apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the said load carrying cart (7) configures a sliding plate with locking arrangement for ensuring easy and stable movement.
7.A method for generation organic fertilizer from slaughterhouse waste, comprising the steps of:
? Mixing slaughterhouse waste, 3 parts of bovine blood and 1 part of rumen digesta (3:1 ratio),
? Loading the said mixture in drying vessel (8) for further processing,
? Igniting burner under drying vessel (8) for heating the loaded waste,
? Running the helical shaped mixing blade (11) fitted with the spindle (4) connected to a motor (1) via coupling (3), for mixing the waste material uniformly,
? Rotating the waste in forward and reverse direction with the helical blade (11),
? Operating the gear screw jack (6) and a hand wheel (12) manually for lifting up and down the assembly of spindle (4) and helical blade (11) inside the SS drum vessel (8),
? Mixing, Cutting, Shredding the said waste,
? Distributing heat throughout the vessel (8) uniformly accelerating the drying rate of waste material
? Chopping off the load into desired particle size using the unique helical disc arrangement of the spindle (4) disclosed herein,
? Removing moisture from the waste material till the desired dryness and pathogens from the waste by heating the waste,
? Generating non-hazardous and nitrogen rich organic fertilizer with high nutrition profile recycling the slaughter house waste materials.
8. A method as claimed in claim 7, wherein single vessel used (8) for loading, mixing and drying of said waste and generating organic fertilizer thereafter and the burner is ignited under the movable drying vessel (8) wherein direct heating for raising material temperature up to 90-110°C over a period of 2-3 hrs, and wherein the helical shaped mixing blade (11) fitted with the spindle (4) connected to a 2 HP motor (1) via coupling (3) assembled in gear box (2) run for effective mixing of the waste material.
9. A method as claimed in claim 7, wherein generation of organic fertilizer without using any additional chemical.
10. A method as claimed in claim 7, wherein the manual operation of the gear screw jack (6) and a hand wheel (12), the assembly of geared motor (1) and helical blade (11) lifted up and down inside the SS drum vessel (8).