Claims:I/We claim:
1) An insects and pests repellent composition comprising of a herbal larvicidal agent, at least one or more herbal neurotoxic agent affecting the octopaminergic system of pest or insect, a herbal fungicide and a base, mixed in substantial proportions so as to detrimentally impact all stages of life cycle of insects and pests.

2) The composition as claimed in claim 1, comprising of neem oil in the range of 40% to 80% of the whole volume and eucalyptus oil in the range of 20% to 60% of the whole volume.

3) The composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the composition comprises of oil of wintergreen or methyl salicylate in the range of 10- 20% of the total volume of the composition

4) The composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the composition comprises of oil of wintergreen or methyl salicylate in the range of 20% of the total volume of the composition.

5) The composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the composition comprises of thyme oil or thymol in the range of 10-20% of the total volume of the composition.

6) The composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the composition comprises of thyme oil or thymol in the range of 10% of the total volume of the composition.

7) The composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the composition comprises of olive oil in the range of 10 % of the total volume of the composition.

8) The composition as claimed in claim 1 wherein the same is used for controlling, repelling or detrimentally affecting all stages of life cycle of an insect or pest.
, Description:A HERBAL INSECT PEST CONTROLLING AND REPELLENT FORMULATION

Field of Invention
This invention relates to an insects and pests repellent composition which has a neurotoxic mode of action.

Background of Invention
Whiteflies and Hemiptera are major vectors of many plant viruses. They transmit different plant viruses. These viruses do not replicate in their vectors but are moved eagerly from plant to plant by these vectors. Besides transferring the viruses, both whiteflies and Hemiptera also damage plants directly by feeding on leaves and also by sucking sap from leaves, and inducing different infection and physiological disorders.

Chemical pesticides have been in use since decades for prevention and killing of these vectors. They provide sufficient pesticidal activity but also have toxic effect on mammals, fish, fowl or other species which consume the crops or its residues. These chemical pesticides have high residual toxicity.

Most popular chemical pesticides which are also faster in action have neurotoxin pestsicidal effect and are preferentially used to achieve a timely reduction of pests. These neurotoxic compounds can be categorized into two broad categories based on their mode of action. The compounds of one group alter the activity of voltage gated and/or ligand-gated ion channels in the central nervous system. The compounds falling in another group affect the activity of neuronal enzymes such as acetylcholinesterase or manipulate the overall metabolic status of the parasite. For Example Organophosphates inhibit the enzymatic activity of acetylcholinesterase an enzyme controlling the concentration of the excitatory neurotransmitter acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft. The second example is formamidine pesticides such as amitraz which manipulate cellular signal transduction processes by targeting Metabotropic octopamine receptors. However In spite of their specific advantages they also have many disadvantages like
a) Insects and pests easily develop resistance against these compounds
b) Cross reactivity with other non targeted organisms
c) Having toxic and allergic effect in humans etc.
Considering all these facts there is a huge need for herbal pesticide compositions containing no pyrethrum, synthetic pyrethroids, chlorinated hydrocarbons, organo phosphates, carbamates etc. In addition, there is a need for a method which gives same effective results but without any harmful effect or without any residual toxicity.

Summary of Invention:
The present invention relates to a method of controlling whiteflies and Hemiptera and more particularly to a method of preparing and applying a herbal pesticide which affects octopamine receptor sites in insects.

In an embodiment of present invention the composition comprises of a herbal larvicidal agent, at least one or more herbal neurotoxic agent affecting the octopaminergic system of pest or insect, a herbal fungicide and a base, mixed in substantial proportions so as to detrimentally impact all stages of life cycle of insects and pests.
In yet another embodiment of present invention the composition comprises of neem oil in the range of 40% to 80% of the whole volume and eucalyptus oil in the range of 20% to 60% of the whole volume.
In yet another embodiment of present invention the composition comprises of oil of wintergreen or methyl salicylate in the range of 10- 20% of the total volume of the composition
In yet another embodiment of present invention the composition comprises of oil of wintergreen or methyl salicylate in the range of 20% of the total volume of the composition.
In yet another embodiment of present invention the composition comprises of of thyme oil or thymol in the range of 10-20% of the total volume of the composition.
In yet another embodiment of present invention the composition comprises of thyme oil or thymol in the range of 10% of the total volume of the composition.
In yet another embodiment of present invention the composition comprises of olive oil in the range of 10 % of the total volume of the composition.
In yet another preferred embodiment of present invention the composition comprises of 40% neem oil , 20% eucalyptus oil ,10% oil of wintergreen or methylsalicylate ,10% thyme oil or thymol and 10% olive oil.
In yet another embodiment of present invention the composition is used for controlling, repelling or detrimentally affecting all stages of life cycle of an insect or pest.

Detailed Description of the Preferred Embodiment

As used herein, the term “pest” refers to organisms and microorganisms, including pathogens that negatively affect plants. In addition, plant pests are organisms known to associate with plants and which, as a result of that association, causes a detrimental effect on the plant's health and vigor. Plant pests include but are not limited to fungi, bacteria, insects and pests, and nematodes. In particular plant pests specifically targeted in present inventions are white fly.
The term “herbal” refers to being of plant origin including an extract or distillate or residue or an extract obtained by any known method from any plant part
The term “pesticide” as used herein refers to a substance that can be used in the control of agricultural, natural environmental, and domestic/household pests, such as insects and pests, fungi, bacteria, and viruses. The term “pesticide” is understood to encompass naturally occurring or synthetic chemical insects and pestsicides (larvicides, and adulticides), insects and pests growth regulators, acaricides (miticides), nematicides, ectoparasiticides, bactericides, fungicides, and herbicides (substance which can be used in agriculture to control or modify plant growth).
The term “plant” as used herein encompasses whole plants and parts of plants such as roots, stems, leaves and seed, as well as cells and tissues within the plants or plant parts.

The terms “control” or “controlling” used throughout the specification and claims, are meant to include any pesticidal (killing) or pestistatic (inhibiting, maiming or generally interfering) activities of a pesticidal composition against a given pest. Thus, these terms not only include killing, but also include such activities as those of chemisterilants which produce sterility in insects and pestss by preventing the production of ova or sperm, by causing death of sperm or ova, or by producing severe injury to the genetic material of sperm or ova, so that the larvae that are produced do not develop into mature progeny. The terms also include repellant activity that protect animals, plants or products from insects and pests attack by making food or living conditions unattractive or offensive to pests. These repellant activities may be the result of repellents that are poisonous, mildly toxic, or non-poisonous to pests.
As used herein, the term “wintergreen oil” (Oil of Gaultheria procumbens) denotes both extracted (by distillation of the leaves of Gaultheria fragrantissima Wall) and synthetic versions (e.g., methyl salicylate) and derivatives thereof, including, without limitation, O-hydroxybenzoic acid methyl ester; Betula oil; salicylic acid, methyl ester; benzoic acid, 2-hydroxy-, methyl ester (2-HOC6H4COOCH3) (CAS Nos. 119-36-8 and 68917-75-9); sweet birch oil; Gaultheria oil; methyl hydroxybenzoate; O-hydroxybenzoate; 2-(methoxycarbonyl)phenol; 2-carbomethoxyphenol; Linsal; methylester kyseliny salicylove (Czech); o-anisic acid; panalgesic; methyl o-hydroxybenzoate; teaberry oil; analgit; exagien; flucarmit; anthrapole nd; Metsal liniment, and the like.

As used herein, the term “Euclayptus oil” denotes both extracted by distillation of the leaves or other plat part from the tree or plants of Eucalyptus genus also known as Blue Gum, Blue Mallee, Blue Mallee Oil, Eucalipto, Eucalypti Folium, Eucalyptol, Eucalyptol Oil, Eucalyptus blatter, Eucalyptus bicostata, Eucalyptus Essential Oil, Eucalyptus Oil, Eucalyptus fructicetorum, Eucalyptus globulus, Eucalyptus Leaf, Eucalyptus odorata, Eucalyptus Oil, Eucalyptus polybractea, Eucalyptus smithii, Fever Tree, Fieberbaumblatter, Gully Gum, Gully Gum Oil, Gum Tree, Huile Essentielle d'Eucalyptus, Huile d'Eucalyptol, Huile d'Eucalyptus, Red Gum, Stringy Bark Tree, Sugandhapatra, Tailapatra, Tasmanian Blue Gum.

As used herein, the term “Neem oil” denotes both extracted by distillation or cold pressing or any other known methods from the leaves and/ or fruit or other plant parts of Azadirachta Indica or Neem , Margosa or Azadirac de 1'Inde, margosier, margousier,Grossblaettiger zedrach, Indischer zedrach,Nim, Nimb, Bal-nimb, neem, nind, Azad-darakhul-hind,Baypay, dawoon-nambu,Tamaka, thin, thinboro tamakha,bowtamaka, tama, tamabin,Azad Darakth e hind, neeb, nib, Amargoseira, Margosa, Nimbo, Arishta, nimba, minbaka,Kohumba, nimbi. Also known as Neem seed oil.

As used herein “Thyme oil” denotes Oil of thyme, the essential oil of common thyme (Thymus vulgaris), or synthesized or extracted Thymol , 2-isopropyl-5-methylphenol, monoterpene phenol derivative of cymene, C10H14O.

Essential oils have been known to have strong odours and are known to interfere with basic metabolic, behavioral, biochemical, and physiological functions of insects and pests.
Little is known about the physiological action of essential oils on insects and pests, however studies on treatments with various essential oils or their constituents suggest neurotoxic mode of action. Octopamine has a broad spectrum of biological roles in insects and pests, acting as a neurotransmitter, neurohormone and circulating neurohormone-neuromodulator. Octopamine exerts its effect through interaction with at least two classes of receptors which, on the basis of pharmacologoical criteria have been designated octopamine 1 and 2. Interrupting the functioning of octopamine results in total breakdown of nervous system in insects and pestss. Therefore octopaminergic system of insects and pests represents a biorational target for insects and pests control.

The lack of octopamine receptors in vertebrates likely accounts for the profound mammalian selectivity of essential oils as insects and pestsicides. A number of essential oil compounds have been demonstrated to act on octopminogenic system of insects and pests.

The synergistic rationale for using combination products looks to producing a dynamic product that has multiple modes of action, respecting the principle that the action of the combined product is greater than the sum total of known and unknown chemical components. Both positive and negative synergism can occur between the essential oil or their components and the other ingredients present in the total formulation. This is an important factor to take into account as one can create a synergy between essential oils than can subsequently be negated by the base product o another essential oil adjuvant. The pH and salinity of the base may also significantly impact the activity of the essential oil.

The composition of present invention takes into account all these factors and provides for a composition which is purely herbal therefore has least ecological impact. It is stable, effective on all stages of life cycle of an insects and pests and acts against fungual infestations.
In an aspect of present invention the composition comprises of a herbal larvicidal agent, at least one or more herbal neurotoxic agent, a herbal fungicide and a base.
In yet another preferred embodiment of present invention the composition comprises of neem oil, eucalyptus oil, wintergreen oil , thyme oil and olive oil.
In yet another embodiment of present invention all the above components are mixed in substantial proportions so as to detrimentally impact all stages of life cycle of an insects and pests.
Neem oil is a known larvicidal agent. The most prominent insects and pestsicidal constituent of Neem seed kernels is the tetranortriterpenoid azadirachtin and related structures. It is known to have following activities (i) partial reduction or complete inhibition of fecundity and/or sometimes egg hatchability; (ii) reduction of the life span of adults; (iii) oviposition repellence against females; (iv) direct ovicidal effects; (v) antifeedant effects against larvae (and nymphs) and adults; (vi) formation of permanent larvae; (vii) insects and pests growth regulator effects at molting between larval (or nymphal) instars and especially in the prepupal stage; and (viii) analogous lesions during the emergence of adults. Phenomena (vii) and (viii) give rise to characteristic larval-pupal, nymphal-pupal, nymphal-adult and pupal-adult intermediates, and to crippled adults.

Thymol is a fungicide. Thymol readily penetrates the cuticle and interferes with flight muscle and central nervous function in insects and pests. Chemical composition of Eucalyptus oil revealed high contents of oxygenated monoterpenes which results in considerable activity of Eucalyptus oil against larvae and pupae of insects and pests.

The target insects and pest may be of any arthropod genus, the composition have maximum impact against the Hemipterans preferably white flies.
In a preferred embodiment of present invention the composition comprises of neem oil in the range of 40 to 80% of the whole volume and eucalyptus oil in the range of 20% to 60% of the whole volume.
In a preferred embodiment of present invention the composition comprises of oil of wintergreen or methylsalicylate in the range of 20% of the total volume of the composition.
In yet another preferred embodiment of present invention the composition comprises of oil of wintergreen or methylsalicylate in the range of 10- 20% of the total volume of the composition.
In yet another preferred embodiment the composition comprises of thymol or oil of thyme in the range of 10-20%.
In yet another preferred embodiment of present invention the composition comprises of 40% neem oil ,20% eucalyptus oil ,10% oil of wintergreen or methylsalicylate ,10% thyme oil or thymol and 10% olive oil.

The composition of present invention works as a contact and repellent pesticide against various stages of the lifecycle of pests including egg, nymphs and adult. It also provides solution against Black Sooty Molds through Herbal Eco-Win. It gives immediate control of pest by obstruction with the neuromodulator octopamine through essential oils. It is best suited for agriculture applications as safe, pesticidal composition and method that will not harm mammals or the environment. The invention is exemplified in non-limiting examples as follows:

Examples:
Example 1
A formulation was made with 80 % neem oil and 20 % eucalyptus oil and tested in field conditions. It was found to provide 100% repellent results on whitefly.
Example 2

A formulation was made with 60% neem oil , 20% eucalyptus oil and 20% methylsalicylate or oil of wintergreen and tested in field conditions. It was found to provide 100% repellent results on whitefly and had detrimental effects on nymph
Example 3
A formulation was made with 40 % neem oil, 20% eucalyptus oil, 20% oil of wintergreen or methylsalicylate and 20% thymol or thyme oil. It was found to provide 100% repellent results on whitefly and it shows very good results on various fungus.
Example 4
A formulation made of 40% neem oil , 20% eucalyptus oil , 10% methylsalicylate or oil of wintergreen , 10% thymol or thyme oil and 10% olive oil. It was found to provide 100% repellent results on whitefly. It has antifungal activity and it also enhances the growth of plants.