Claims:We claim:

1. A hydraulic braking system (10) for a vehicle, the system (10) comprising:
a tandem master cylinder (1) coupled to a brake pedal of the vehicle through a vacuum booster, the tandem master cylinder (1) is configured to generate pressurized fluid based on input from the brake pedal, wherein the tandem master cylinder (1) is defined with a first port (13) and a second port (14)
a primary circuit (2) fluidly connecting one of the first port (13) and the second port (14) of the tandem master cylinder (1) and at least one wheel brake cylinder (8 and 9) associated with each of front wheels (FW) and at least one wheel brake cylinder (4 and 5) of one of rear wheels (RW) of the vehicle; and
a secondary circuit (3) fluidly connecting other of the first port (13) and the second port (14) of the tandem master cylinder (1) and remaining wheel brake cylinders (6 and 7) associated with each of the front wheels (FW) and the at least one-wheel brake cylinders (11 and 12) associated with other of the rear wheels (RW).

2. The system (10) as claimed in claim 1, comprises a brake fluid reservoir (15) is fluidly connected to the tandem master cylinder (1) and is configured to store brake fluid.

3. The system (10) as claimed in claim 2, wherein the brake fluid is a hydraulic fluid.

4. The system (10) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the front brakes are H2LS brakes.

5. The system (10) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the rear brakes are at least one of H2LS brakes and duo servo brakes.

6. The system (10) as claimed in claim 1 and 5, wherein each of the front wheels (FW) include a pair of the wheel brake cylinders (6, 7, 8 and 9).

7. The system (10) as claimed in claim 6, wherein one of the pair of the wheel brake cylinders (8 and 9) in each of the front wheel (FW) is connected to the first braking circuit (2), and other of the pair of the wheel brake cylinders (6 and 7) in each of the front wheel (FW) is connected to the second braking circuit (3).

8. The system (10) as claimed in claim 1, wherein each of the rear wheels includes a pair of the wheel brake cylinders (4, 5, 11 and 12).

9. The system (10) as claimed in claim 1, wherein one of the pair of the wheel brake cylinders (4 and 5) in each of the rear wheel (RW) is connected to the first braking circuit (2), and other of the pair of the wheel brake cylinders (11 and 12) in each of the rear wheel (RW) is connected to the second braking circuit (3).

10. The system (10) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the primary circuit (2) and the secondary circuit (3) includes a plurality of T-connectors.

11. The system (10) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the vacuum booster (P) is fluidly connected to a vacuum circuit.

12. A vehicle comprising a hydraulic braking system (10) as claimed in claim 1, the system (10) comprises:
a tandem master cylinder (1) coupled to a brake pedal of the vehicle through a vacuum booster, the tandem master cylinder (1) is configured to generate pressurized fluid based on input from the brake pedal, wherein the tandem master cylinder (1) is defined with a first port (13) and a second port (14);
a primary circuit (2) fluidly connecting one of the first port (13) and the second port (14) of the tandem master cylinder (1) and at least one wheel brake cylinder (8 and 9) associated with each of front wheels (FW) and at least one wheel brake cylinder (4 and 5) of one of rear wheels (RW) of the vehicle; and
a secondary circuit (3) fluidly connecting other of the first port (13) and the second port (14) of the tandem master cylinder (1) and remaining wheel brake cylinders (6 and 7) associated with each of the front wheels (FW) and the at least one-wheel brake cylinders (11 and 12) associated with other of the rear wheels (RW).
Dated 29th day of March 2021

GOPINATH A S
IN/PA 1852
OF K&S PARTNERS
AGENT FOR THE APPLICANT
, Description:FORM 2
THE PATENTS ACT 1970
[39 OF 1970]
&
The Patents Rules, 2003

COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
[See section 10 and rule 13]

TITLE: “A HYDRAULIC BRAKING SYSTEM FOR A VEHICLE”

Name and address of the Applicant:
TATA MOTORS LIMITED, an Indian company having its registered office at Bombay house, 24 Homi Mody Street, Hutatma Chowk, Mumbai 400 001, Maharashtra, INDIA.

Nationality: INDIAN

The following specification particularly describes the invention and the manner in which it is to be performed.

TECHNICAL FIELD

Present disclosure generally relates to the field of automobiles. Particularly, but not exclusively, the present disclosure relates to braking systems in automobiles. Further embodiments of the present disclosure relate to hydraulic braking system for the vehicle.

BACKGROUND

Commonly known techniques for improving the performance of a vehicle braking system include power assisted braking mechanism that often uses a fluid pressure actuator, such as a vacuum booster, to assist/boost a driver-exerted force on a brake pedal of the vehicle. Vehicles such as commercial vehicles, passenger vehicles are commonly employed with hydraulic brake systems. These systems vary in complexity, but a base brake system typically includes a brake pedal, a tandem master cylinder, vacuum chamber, fluid conduits arranged in two similar but separate brake circuits, and wheel brakes in each circuit. The driver of the vehicle operates a brake pedal which is connected to the master cylinder. When the brake pedal is depressed, the master cylinder generates hydraulic forces in both brake circuits by pressurizing brake fluid. The pressurized fluid travels through the fluid conduits in both circuits to actuate brake cylinders at the wheels to slow down/decelerate the vehicle.

Hydraulic braking systems generally includes brake boosters such as vacuum booster which amplifies force applied by the pedal to pressurize the fluid in the to the master cylinder. A typical vacuum booster senses the movement of the brake pedal and generates force amplification to pressurize fluid which in the master cylinder.

The booster output assists the pedal force acting on the pistons of the master cylinder which generate pressurized fluid in the conduit in fluid communication with the wheel brakes. Thus, the pressures generated by the master cylinder can be increased. Such boosters are commonly located adjacent the master cylinder piston and use a boost valve to control the force applied to the tandem master cylinder piston. Using the above principal vehicles are developed with split braking systems which are elucidated hence forth.

The split braking systems for brakes generally refer to a system in which the hydraulic brake fluid is supplied independently to separate hydraulic circuits each servicing either the front or rear wheels of the vehicle. As a general rule, in conventional split hydraulic brake systems, the front wheel cylinders are pressurized directly from the master cylinder and the braking force determined in direct response to the force exerted on the brake pedal. However, the pressure communicated from the master cylinder to the circuit containing the rear wheels is processed through a control valve assembly which adjusts the fluid pressure to a lower level. In such a brake system, if a failure occurs in the circuit servicing the front wheels, it is necessary to apply a greater force on the brake pedal for the purpose of developing a sufficient braking force in the rear wheel cylinders. Also, the vehicles may lose significant braking power due to failure any one circuit.

The present disclosure is directed to overcome one or more limitation stated above or any other limitations associated with the prior arts.

It is to be understood that the aspects and embodiments of the disclosure described above may be used in any combination with each other. Several of the aspects and embodiments may be combined together to form a further embodiment of the disclosure.

SUMMARY OF THE DISCLOSURE

One or more shortcomings of the conventional system are overcome by system as claimed and additional advantages are provided through the provision of processes as claimed in the present disclosure.

Additional features and advantages are realized through the techniques of the present disclosure. Other embodiments and aspects of the disclosure are described in detail herein and are considered a part of the claimed disclosure.

In one non-limiting embodiment of the disclosure, a hydraulic braking system for a vehicle is disclosed. The braking system includes a tandem master cylinder coupled to a brake pedal of the vehicle through a vacuum booster. The tandem master cylinder is configured to generate pressurised fluid based on input from the brake pedal. The tandem master cylinder is defined with a first port and a second port. A primary circuit is fluidly connected to one of the first port and the second port of the tandem master cylinder and at least one wheel brake cylinder associated with each of front wheels and at least one wheel brake cylinder of one of rear wheels of the vehicle. Further, the system includes a secondary circuit fluidly connected to other of the first port and the second port of the tandem master cylinder and remaining wheel brake cylinders associated with each of the front wheels and the at least one-wheel brake cylinder associated with other of the rear wheels.

In an embodiment of the disclosure, the system includes a brake fluid reservoir fluidly connected to the tandem master cylinder. Further, the brake fluid is a hydraulic fluid.

In an embodiment of the disclosure, the front brakes are H2LS brakes, and the rear brakes are at least one of H2LS brakes and duo servo brakes.

In an embodiment of the disclosure, each of the front wheels include a pair of the wheel brake cylinders. One of the pair of the wheel brake cylinders in each of the front wheel is connected to the first braking circuit. The other of the pair of the wheel brake cylinders in each of the front wheel is connected to the second braking circuit.

In an embodiment of the disclosure, each of the rear wheels includes a pair of the wheel brake cylinders. One of the pair of the wheel brake cylinders in each of the rear wheel is connected to the first braking circuit. Other of the pair of the wheel brake cylinders in each of the rear wheel is connected to the second braking circuit.

In an embodiment of the disclosure, the primary circuit and the secondary circuit includes a plurality of T-connectors.

In an embodiment of the disclosure, the tandem master cylinder is fluidly coupled to a vacuum booster and the vacuum booster is connected to a vacuum source.

It is to be understood that the aspects and embodiments of the disclosure described above may be used in any combination with each other. Several of the aspects and embodiments may be combined to form a further embodiment of the disclosure.

The foregoing summary is illustrative only and is not intended to be in any way limiting. In addition to the illustrative aspects, embodiments, and features described above, further aspects, embodiments, and features will become apparent by reference to the drawings and the following detailed description.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE ACCOMPANYING FIGURES

The novel features and characteristics of the disclosure are set forth in the appended claims. The disclosure itself, however, as well as a preferred mode of use, further objectives, and advantages thereof, will best be understood by reference to the following detailed description of an illustrative embodiment when read in conjunction with the accompanying figures. One or more embodiments are now described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying figures wherein like reference numerals represent like elements and in which:

FIG.1 illustrates a schematic representation of a hydraulic brake system for a vehicle, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG.2 illustrates a schematic representation of a hydraulic brake system for a vehicle, in accordance with another embodiment of the present disclosure.

The figures depict embodiments of the disclosure for purposes of illustration only. One skilled in the art will readily recognize from the following description that alternative embodiments of the system illustrated herein may be employed without departing from the principles of the disclosure described herein.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The foregoing has broadly outlined the features and technical advantages of the present disclosure in order that the detailed description of the disclosure that follows may be better understood. Additional features and advantages of the disclosure will be described hereinafter which form the subject of the claims of the disclosure.

It should be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the conception and specific embodiments disclosed may be readily utilized as a basis for modifying or designing other system for carrying out the same purposes of the present disclosure. It should also be realized by those skilled in the art that such equivalent processes do not depart from the scope of the disclosure as set forth in the appended claims. The novel features which are believed to be characteristic of the disclosure, both as to its organization and method of operation, together with further objects and advantages will be better understood from the following description when considered in connection with the accompanying figures. It is to be expressly understood, however, that each of the figures is provided for the purpose of illustration and description only and is not intended as a definition of the limits of the present disclosure. It will be readily understood that the aspects of the present disclosure, as generally described herein, and illustrated in the figures, can be arranged, substituted, combined, and designed in a wide variety of different configurations, all of which are explicitly contemplated and make part of this disclosure.

Embodiments of the present disclosure discloses a hydraulic braking system for a vehicle. The braking system of the present disclosure ensures better tire adhesion coefficient in turn leading to improved braking of the vehicle. The hydraulic braking system includes a tandem master cylinder coupled to a brake pedal of the vehicle through a vacuum booster. In an embodiment, the tandem master cylinder is configured to generate pressurized fluid based on input received from the brake pedal. The tandem master cylinder may be defined with a first port and a second port. The system further includes a primary circuit fluidly connecting one of the first port and the second port of the tandem master cylinder and at least one wheel brake cylinder associated with each of front wheels and at least one wheel brake cylinder of one of rear wheels of the vehicle. Further, the braking system includes a secondary circuit that may be fluidly connecting other port of the first port and the second port of the tandem master cylinder. The secondary circuit may be further connected to remaining wheel brake cylinders associated with each of the front wheels and at least one wheel brake cylinder associated with remaining wheel of the rear wheel.

The terms “comprises…a”, “comprising”, or any other variations thereof used in the specification, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that an assembly that comprises a list of components or steps does not include only those components or steps but may include other components or steps not expressly listed or inherent to such setup or method. In other words, one or more elements in an assembly proceeded by “comprises… a” does not, without more constraints, preclude the existence of other elements or additional elements in the assembly.

Henceforth, the present disclosure is explained with the help of one or more figures of exemplary embodiments. However, such exemplary embodiments should not be construed as limitation of the present disclosure. In the figures neither the vehicle nor the complete braking system is depicted for the purpose of simplicity. One skilled in the art would appreciate that the braking system may be employed in any vehicle including but not limiting to passenger vehicles, commercial vehicles, and the like.

The following paragraphs describe the present disclosure with reference to FIG(s) 1 and 2. In the figures, the same element or elements which have similar functions are indicated by the same reference signs. For the purposes of promoting an understanding of the principles of the disclosure, reference will now be made to specific embodiments illustrated in the drawings and specific language will be used to describe the same. It will nevertheless be understood that no limitation of the scope of the disclosure is thereby intended, such alterations and further modifications in the illustrated methods, and such further applications of the principles of the disclosure as illustrated therein being contemplated as would normally occur to one skilled in the art to which the invention pertains.

The following detailed description is merely exemplary in nature and is not intended to limit application and uses. Furthermore, there is no intention to be bound by any theory presented in the preceding background or summary or the following detailed description. It is to be understood that the disclosure may assume various alternative orientations and step sequences, except where expressly specified to the contrary. It is also to be understood that the specific devices or components illustrated in the attached drawings and described in the following specification are simply exemplary embodiments of the inventive concepts defined in the appended claims. Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present disclosure will be described referring to the accompanying drawings. While some specific terms directed to a specific direction will be used, the purpose of usage of these terms or words is merely to facilitate understanding of the present invention referring to the drawings. Accordingly, it should be noted that the meanings of these terms or words should not improperly limit the technical scope of the present invention.

Embodiments of the disclosure discloses a layout of hydraulic braking system for a vehicle and indicated in the corresponding drawings by referral numeral 10. It should be noted that neither the entire hydraulic braking system (10) nor the vehicle is depicted in the figures of the present disclosure to simplify and enable better understanding of the present disclosure.

FIG.1 and FIG.2 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure which illustrates the layout of hydraulic braking system (10) for the vehicle. The hydraulic braking system (10) comprises a pedal, also referred to as pedal arm [hereinafter used alternatively] mounted on firewall of the vehicle. The pedal arm [not shown] includes a pedal pad mounted on its lower end for actuating the pedal arm by a driver. In an embodiment, a vacuum booster (16) may be connected to an upper end of the pedal arm through a booster rod (17) and said vacuum booster (16) may be coupled to a tandem master cylinder (1). The vacuum booster may be configured to amplify the braking force from a minimum pedal effort, based on difference between atmospheric pressure and engine manifolds vacuum. In an embodiment, the vacuum booster (16) may be fluidly connected to a vacuum source (P). In an embodiment, the tandem master cylinder (1) may be fluidly coupled with a plurality of valves using at least one of hoses or tubes for supplying hydraulic fluid to the valves when pressure of the hydraulic fluid in the tandem master cylinder (1) may be above predetermined limit to apply the brakes. In an embodiment, the tandem master cylinder (1) may be defined with one or more ports including a first port (13) and a second port (14). In an embodiment, the system includes a brake fluid reservoir (15) fluidly connected to the tandem master cylinder (1). The brake fluid reservoir (15) stores the braking fluid such as hydraulic fluid for supplying to the tandem master cylinder (1). In an embodiment, an emergency braking circuit (E) may be coupled to the vacuum source (P).

The hydraulic braking system (10) [also referred to as braking system (10)] may be usable not only in conventional vehicles. Instead, the braking system (10) may be used in electric or hybrid vehicles. Further, the braking system (10) may also be used in the vehicle, for example, to ensure a preferred brake force distribution on the wheels of the vehicle when braking of the vehicle. The braking system (10) may include at least two circuits for engaging brakes of wheels in front side and rear side of the vehicle. It should be noted that the illustrated braking system (10) and the corresponding brake circuits may not be limited to the fixed number of four wheels (FW and RW). Instead, the braking system (10) may be expanded in a way that a greater number of wheels are engageable to brake the vehicle.

In an embodiment, each wheel of the vehicle may include at least one brake associated with it. In some embodiments, the brakes used in the present disclosure may be at least one of H2LS brakes or duo-servo brakes but not limiting to the same. Each brake associated with the wheel may include one or more wheel brake cylinders (4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11 and 12). The one or more-wheel brake cylinders (4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11 and 12) may be fluidly coupled to the at least two circuits. The at least two circuits include a primary circuit (2) and a secondary circuit (3) coupled to the one or more-wheel brake cylinders (4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11 and 12). According to the present disclosure, each of the primary circuit (2) and the secondary circuit (3) may be configured to exert combined braking on the wheels in the vehicle.

FIG.1 shows a circuit diagram of an exemplary first embodiment of the braking system (10) of the present disclosure. The braking system (10) according to the present disclosure may include the primary circuit (2) and the secondary circuit (3). The primary circuit (2) may be configured to engage brakes along the two wheels located at the front i.e., front wheels (FW) of the vehicle and at least one brake in one of rear wheels (RW) of the vehicle. The configuration of the first embodiment is henceforth elucidated for understanding. According to the first embodiment, the primary circuit (2) may be fluidly connected to at least one of the first port (13) or the second port (14). For ease of understanding, the explanation provided below may interpret that the primary circuit (2) may be fluidly connected to the first port (13). However, the primary circuit (2) may also be fluidly coupled to the second port (14) and vice-vera. In an embodiment, free end of the primary circuit (2) may be connected to the brakes associated with each of the front wheels (FW) and at least one rear wheel (RW). The primary circuit (2) may define a branch using a T-connector to fluidly connect each of the front wheels (FW) and the at least one rear wheel (RW). The primary circuit (2) may be structured to branch into a first branch and a second branch. The first branch of the primary circuit (2) may be fluidly coupled to the wheel brake cylinder (8 and 9) associate with right front wheel and the left front wheel, respectively. Further, the second branch of the primary circuit (2) may be fluidly coupled to the wheel brake cylinders (5 and 11) on either one wheel at the rear i.e., either right rear wheel or left rear wheel. In this case, the second branch of the primary circuit (2) is fluidly coupled to the wheel brake cylinders (5) associated with the right rear wheel.

Further, the secondary circuit (3) may be fluidly coupled to the second port (14) [as shown in FIG.1]. In an embodiment, free end of the secondary circuit (3) may be connected to the brakes associated with each of the front wheels (FW) and the at least one rear wheel (RW). Similar to the primary circuit (2), the secondary circuit (3) may also have a first branch and a second branch. The first branch of the secondary circuit (3) may be fluidly coupled to the wheel brake cylinders (6 and 7) associated with the right front wheel and the left front wheel, respectively. Further, the second branch of the secondary circuit (3) may be fluidly coupled to the wheel brake cylinders (5 and 11) associated with either of the right rear wheel or left rear wheel. In this case, the second branch of the secondary circuit (3) is coupled fluidly to the wheel brake cylinder (11) associated with the left rear wheel. Using the brake system described hereinabove makes it possible to compensate for a failure of one of the brake circuits. That is even one of the primary circuit (2) and the secondary circuit (3) fails to operate, the other circuit will aid in achieving necessary adhesion coefficient from each wheel and the vice-versa. Thereby, improving braking efficiency of the vehicle.

Referring now to FIG.2, which illustrates a circuit diagram of another embodiment of the braking system (10). Like the first embodiment, the braking system (10) may include the primary circuit (2) and the secondary circuit (3). The primary circuit (2) may be configured to engage brakes along the two front wheels (FW) of the vehicle and engage brakes along the two-rear wheel (RW) of the vehicle. According to this embodiment, the primary circuit (2) may be fluidly connected to the first port (13). In an embodiment, free end of the primary circuit (2) may be connected to the wheel brake cylinders ((8, 9) and (6, 7)) associated with each of the front wheels (FW) and each of the rear wheels (RW). That is the first branch of the primary circuit (2) may be fluidly coupled to the wheel brake cylinder (6 and 7) associate with the right front wheel and the left front wheel, respectively. Further, the second branch of the primary circuit (2) may be fluidly coupled to the wheel brake cylinder (4 and 5) associated with the right rear wheel and the left rear wheel, respectively.

Further, the secondary circuit (3) may be fluidly coupled to the second port (14). Free end of the secondary circuit (3) may be connected to the brakes associated with each of the front wheels (FW) and the rear wheel (RW). That is the first branch of the secondary circuit (3) may be fluidly coupled to the wheel brake cylinders (6 and 7) associated with the right front wheel and the left front wheel, respectively. Further, the second branch of the secondary circuit (3) may be fluidly coupled to the wheel brake cylinders (11 and 12) associated with the right rear wheel and the left rear wheel. Using the braking system (10) of the above-described configuration makes it possible to compensate for a failure of one of the brake circuits. That is even if secondary circuit (3) fails to operate primary circuit will aid in achieving necessary adhesion coefficient from each wheel and the vice-versa. Thereby, improving braking efficiency of the vehicle.

The braking system (10) of the present disclosure is designed in such a way that it is able to cater to the rear wheel braking or deceleration of the vehicle. The configuration of the braking system (10) provides a combined braking effect, thereby employing adhesion of all the wheels during braking, significantly improving the braking efficiency.

In the event of failure of one brake circuit, the vehicle provided with the braking system (10) may still be decelerated by means of another brake circuit and at least an adequate emergency braking action is ensured.

Table-1

The Table-1 above illustrates braking performance of the vehicle employing braking system (10) of the present disclosure. For stopping the heavy vehicles, for example, a vehicle bearing gross vehicle weight more than 7.5 ton with a desired braking rate of 2.2m/s^2, the present disclosure provides an improved hydraulic braking system (10) that may provide significantly higher brake performance, unlike the conventional hydraulic brake systems. As can be seen from table-1, the I-L split braking system (10) [i.e., the first embodiment] provides braking rate of 5.33 m/s2 for unladen condition and 4.75 m/s2 for laden condition. Form the above table it can be inferred that the system (10) of the present disclosure ensures better braking performance for the vehicle.

Equivalents

With respect to the use of substantially any plural and/or singular terms herein, those having skill in the art can translate from the plural to the singular and/or from the singular to the plural as is appropriate to the context and/or application. The various singular/plural permutations may be expressly set forth herein for sake of clarity.

It will be understood by those within the art that, in general, terms used herein, are generally intended as "open" terms (e.g., the term "including" should be interpreted as "including but not limited to," the term "having" should be interpreted as "having at least," the term "includes" should be interpreted as "includes but is not limited to," etc.). It will be further understood by those within the art that if a specific number of an introduced claim recitation is intended, such an intent will be explicitly recited in the claim, and in the absence of such recitation no such intent is present. For example, as an aid to understanding the description may contain usage of the introductory phrases "at least one" and "one or more" to introduce claim recitations. However, the use of such phrases should not be construed to imply that the introduction of a claim recitation by the indefinite articles "a" or "an" limits any particular claim containing such introduced claim recitation to inventions containing only one such recitation, even when the same claim includes the introductory phrases "one or more" or "at least one" and indefinite articles such as "a" or "an" (e.g., "a" and/or "an" should typically be interpreted to mean "at least one" or "one or more"); the same holds true for the use of definite articles used to introduce claim recitations. In addition, even if a specific number of an introduced claim recitation is explicitly recited, those skilled in the art will recognize that such recitation should typically be interpreted to mean at least the recited number (e.g., the bare recitation of "two recitations," without other modifiers, typically means at least two recitations, or two or more recitations). Furthermore, in those instances where a convention analogous to "at least one of A, B, and C, etc." is used, in general such a construction is intended in the sense one having skill in the art would understand the convention (e.g., "a system having at least one of A, B, and C" would include but not be limited to systems that have A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B together, A and C together, B and C together, and/or A, B, and C together, etc.). In those instances where a convention analogous to "at least one of A, B, or C, etc." is used, in general such a construction is intended in the sense one having skill in the art would understand the convention (e.g., "a system having at least one of A, B, or C" would include but not be limited to systems that have A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B together, A and C together, B and C together, and/or A, B, and C together, etc.). It will be further understood by those within the art that virtually any disjunctive word and/or phrase presenting two or more alternative terms, whether in the description, or drawings, should be understood to contemplate the possibilities of including one of the terms, either of the terms, or both terms. For example, the phrase "A or B" will be understood to include the possibilities of "A" or "B" or "A and B."

While various aspects and embodiments have been disclosed herein, other aspects and embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art. The various aspects and embodiments disclosed herein are for purposes of illustration and are not intended to be limiting, with the true scope being indicated in the description.

Referral Numerals:
Description Reference Number
Brake system 10
Master cylinder 1
Primary circuit 2
Secondary circuit 3
Brake cylinders 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11 and 12
First port 13
Second port 14
Fluid reservoir 15
Vacuum booster 16
Booster rod 17
Front wheel FW
Rear wheel RW
Vacuum source P
Emergency brake E