FORM 2
THE PATENTS ACT 1970
[39 OF 1970]
&
THE PATENTS RULES, 2003
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
[See section 10; rule 13] TITLE: “A KEY FOB FOR ESTABLISHING COMMUNICATION WITH A VEHICLE”
Name and address of the Applicant: MINDA CORPORATION LIMITED, an Indian company, of E-5/2, Chakan Industrial Area, Phase- III M.I.D.C. Nanekarwadi, Tal: Khed, Dist. Pune, Maharashtra, 410-501, India.
[Nationality: Indian]
The following specification particularly describes the invention and the manner in which it is to be performed.

TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present disclosure relates to the field of wireless communications. Particularly, the present disclosure relates to wireless communication between a key fob and a vehicle.
BACKGROUND
[0002] Vehicle key systems allow a driver to perform various functionalities associated with a vehicle without inserting a key into a key box in the vehicle. The various functionalities may include, but not limited to, opening and closing a vehicle door, turning on an ignition, and the like. Frequently, a smart card or a key with a fob for wireless communication is used in the vehicle key system.
[0003] Vehicles are equipped with multiple types of communication devices for performing and facilitating multiple functionalities. In particular, Low Frequency and Radio Frequency (LF-RF) technology is typically used to communicate between devices. For example, a remote keyless entry (RKE) system employs LF-RF communication that allows the driver to remotely lock or unlock a vehicle door. When a button of the key fob is pressed, the key fob transmits a coded signal to the vehicle to perform the multiple functionalities.
[0004] However, an architecture of LF-RF technology requires a complex circuitry as transceivers with chip antennas require incorporating functioning of low frequency communication (such as, 125 KHz) as well as high frequency communication (such as, 315 MHz / 433 MHz) on both ends, that is, at the vehicle end as well as at the key fob end. Therefore, bandwidth and range of signals being transmitted between the key fob and the vehicle appears to be quite low, while considering LF-RF technique that relies on transceivers with chip antennas.
[0005] The information disclosed in this background of the disclosure section is only for enhancement of understanding of the general background of the invention and should not be taken as an acknowledgement or any form of suggestion that this information forms the prior art already known to a person skilled in the art.
[0006] The present disclosure is directed to overcome one or more limitations stated above or any other limitations associated with the known arts.

SUMMARY
[0007] One or more shortcomings of the existing system may be overcome, and additional advantages may be provided through the present disclosure. Additional features and advantages may be realized through the techniques of the present disclosure. Other embodiments and aspects of the disclosure are described in detail herein and are considered a part of the claimed disclosure.
[0008] In a non-limiting embodiment of the present disclosure, a key fob for establishing communication with a vehicle is disclosed. The key fob comprises a multi-layered Printed Circuit Board (PCB), which comprises a System on Chip (SoC) mounted on the PCB, a plurality of components associated with the PCB and an antenna mounted at a predefined corner position on the PCB of the key fob. The SoC is configured to receive one or more requests from a user for performing a plurality of operations related to the vehicle associated with the key fob. Further, the plurality of circuitry components is tuned for predefined values based on predefined performance parameters to obtain a frequency range for communicating with the vehicle associated with the key fob. Furthermore, the antenna is communicatively coupled with the SoC and is configured to transmit data signals generated in response to each of the one or more requests, to the vehicle at the obtained frequency range.
[0009] In an embodiment of the disclosure, the plurality of operations related to the vehicle comprises at least one of, vehicle lock, vehicle unlock, vehicle finder, seat actuator, glove box actuator, and fuel tank actuator.
[0010] In an embodiment of the disclosure, the plurality of circuitry components comprises, but not limited to, resistors, capacitors, batteries, Liquid Crystal Display (LCDs), and connectors.
[0011] In an embodiment of the disclosure, predefined performance parameters comprises reflection coefficient, antenna gain, radiation pattern and a predefined variation in electric field, associated with the antenna.
[0012] In an embodiment of the disclosure, the plurality of circuitry components are tuned using stub matching and Smith chart mapping.

[0013] In an embodiment of the disclosure, the plurality of circuitry components are tested using vector network analyser.
[0014] In an embodiment of the disclosure, the antenna is mounted on a layer of the multi-layered PCB and is isolated from the plurality of circuitry components based on layout factors associated with the PCB.
[0015] In an embodiment of the disclosure, the layout factors associated with the PCB comprises a position of the antenna, keep-out area around the antenna, ground planes in the PCB, proximity to the one or more circuitry components and design of transmission line.
[0016] In an embodiment of the disclosure, the antenna corresponds to an inverted F-design antenna.
[0017] The foregoing summary is illustrative only and is not intended to be in any way limiting. In addition to the illustrative aspects, embodiments, and features described above, further aspects, embodiments, and features will become apparent by reference to the drawings and the following detailed description.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE ACCOMPANYING DIAGRAMS
[0018] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this disclosure, illustrate exemplary embodiments and, together with the description, serve to explain the disclosed principles. In the figures, the left-most digit(s) of a reference number identifies the figure in which the reference number first appears. The same numbers are used throughout the figures to reference features and components. Some embodiments of system and/or methods in accordance with embodiments of the present subject matter are now described, by way of example only, and with reference to the accompanying figures, in which:
[0019] FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary embodiment for establishing communication between a key fob and a vehicle, in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0020] FIG. 2 illustrates a detailed block diagram of a key fob, in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0021] FIG. 3 illustrates a block diagram of a key fob showing a plurality of operations related to a vehicle, in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0022] FIG. 4a illustrates an exemplary circuitry of Printed Circuit Board (PCB) of a key fob, in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0023] FIG. 4b illustrates a schematic circuit for configuring a key fob, in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0024] FIG. 5a illustrates an exemplary graph that shows simulation result of reflection coefficient, in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0025] FIG. 5b-5c illustrate simulation result of antenna gain and radiation pattern for simulated antenna gain, in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure; and
[0026] FIG. 6 illustrates a flowchart showing a method of establishing communication between a key fob and a vehicle, in accordance with some embodiments of present disclosure.
[0027] It should be appreciated by those skilled in the art that any block diagrams herein represent conceptual views of illustrative systems embodying the principles of the present subject matter. Similarly, it will be appreciated that any flow charts, flow diagrams, state transition diagrams, pseudo code, and the like represent various processes which may be substantially represented in computer readable medium and executed by a computer or processor, whether or not such computer or processor is explicitly shown.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0028] The foregoing has broadly outlined the features and technical advantages of the present disclosure in order that the detailed description of the disclosure that follows may be better understood. Additional features and advantages of the disclosure will be described hereinafter which form the subject of the description of the disclosure. It should also be realized by those skilled in the art that such equivalent system and method do not depart from the scope of the disclosure. The novel features which are believed to be characteristics of the disclosure, as to method of operation, together with further objects and advantages maybe better understood from the following description when considered in connection with the accompanying figures.
[0029] It is to be expressly understood, however, that each of the figures is provided for the purpose of illustration and description only and is not intended as a definition of the limits of the present disclosure.

[0030] In the present document, the word “exemplary” is used herein to mean “serving as an example, instance, or illustration.” Any embodiment or implementation of the present subject matter described herein as “exemplary” is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other embodiments.
[0031] While the disclosure is susceptible to various modifications and alternative forms, specific embodiments thereof has been shown by way of example in the figures and will be described in detail below. It should be understood, however, that it is not intended to limit the disclosure to the particular forms disclosed, but on the contrary, the disclosure is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternative falling within the scope of the disclosure.
[0032] The terms “comprises”, “comprising”, or any other variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a system and a method that comprises a list of acts does not include only those acts but may include other acts not expressly listed or inherent to such method. In other words, one or more acts in a system and a method proceeded by “comprises… a” does not, without more constraints, preclude the existence of other acts or additional acts in the method.
[0033] The following paragraphs describe the present disclosure with reference to FIGs. 1 to 6. In the figures, the same element or elements which have similar functions are indicated by the same reference signs.
[0034] Disclosed herein is a key fob for establishing communication with a vehicle to perform a plurality of operations related to the vehicle. Currently, Low Frequency and Radio Frequency (LF-RF) technology is typically used to communicate between devices. However, a complex circuitry is required while using the LF-RF technology, as transceivers with chip antennas require incorporating functioning of low frequency communication as well as high frequency communication on both ends, that is, at the vehicle end as well as at the key fob end.
[0035] Therefore, to overcome the problem in existing technology, the present disclosure discloses a key fob for establishing a Bluetooth low energy (BLE) based communication with a vehicle. The present disclosure includes mounting an antenna of the key fob at a predefined corner position on a multi-layered Printed Circuit Board (PCB) of the key fob. The key fob is configured by tuning a plurality of circuitry components associated with the PCB of the key fob. The plurality of circuitry components are tuned for predefined values based on predefined

performance parameters to obtain a frequency range for establishing a communication with the vehicle associated with the key fob. In this manner, the key fob communicates with the vehicle at obtained frequency range for performing a plurality of operations related to the vehicle associated with the key fob.
[0036] Therefore, the present disclosure improves efficiency of the key fob by efficiently tuning the plurality of circuitry components of the key fob to obtain an optimal frequency range in the BLE based communication. The antenna of the key fob is placed at a corner on the PCB of the key fob such that interference of the plurality of circuitry components is avoided during the transmission of signals by the antenna. Therefore, the present disclosure facilitates smooth operating of the key fob while accessing the vehicle as the antenna radiations are smoothly transmitted between the key fob and the vehicle. Hence, with the improved efficiency, the key fob smoothly communicates with the vehicle to perform the plurality of operations related to the vehicle.
[0037] In the following detailed description of the embodiments of the disclosure, reference is made to the accompanying drawings that form a part hereof, and in which are shown by way of illustration specific embodiments in which the disclosure may be practiced. These embodiments are described in sufficient detail to enable those skilled in the art to practice the disclosure, and it is to be understood that other embodiments may be utilized and that changes may be made without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. The following description is, therefore, not to be taken in a limiting sense.
[0038] FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary embodiment for establishing communication between a key fob and a vehicle, in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0039] FIG. 1 shows an environment 100 which includes a key fob 101 associated with a vehicle 103 and connected through a communication network to the vehicle 103. The vehicle 103 comprises an Electronic Control Unit (ECU) 109. In an embodiment, the vehicle 103 may include, but not limited to, autonomous vehicles, Electric vehicles, Internal combustion engine vehicles, robotic vehicles, and the like. The key fob 101 comprises a multi-layered Printed Circuit Board (PCB) 107 which further comprises a System on Chip (SoC) 111, a plurality of circuitry components 113 and an antenna 115, as shown in FIG. 1. The SoC 111 may receive one or more requests from a user of the vehicle 103 for performing a plurality of operations related to the vehicle 103. Upon receiving the one or more requests, the SoC 111 generates data
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frames for each of the one or more requests. In the present disclosure, the key fob 101 communicates with the ECU 109 of the vehicle 103 using Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) technique to transmit the data frames comprising information associated with the one or more requests. Therefore, in an embodiment, the SoC 111 of the key fob 101 may correspond to a BLE SoC and the key fob 101 may correspond to a BLE based key fob. As shown in FIG. 3, the key fob 101 communicates with the ECU 109 of the vehicle 103 through the antenna 115 which is mounted on the BLE SoC 111. As shown in FIG. 3, the BLE SoC 111 is connected to the plurality of circuitry components 113 (a component 1131, a component 1132, ……………….and a component 113N, collectively referred as plurality of circuitry components 113). In an embodiment, the plurality of circuitry components 113 may comprise, but not limited to, capacitors, inductors, resistors, batteries, Liquid Crystal Display (LCDs), and connectors. Further, as shown in FIG. 3, the plurality of operations related to the vehicle 103 may comprise of at least one of, but not limited to, vehicle lock, vehicle unlock, vehicle finder, seat actuator, glove box actuator, and fuel tank actuator. Returning to FIG.1, in an embodiment, the user may request for the operation by tapping a button (not shown in FIG. 1) of the key fob 101. In an embodiment, the key fob 101 may comprise a button for performing each operation of the plurality of operations. In an embodiment, the key fob 101 may be communicatively coupled to a personal device of the user of the vehicle 103. The personal device may include but not limited to, mobile phones (e.g., cellular phones), PDAs, tablet computers, netbooks, laptop computers, hand-held specialized readers, wearable devices (e.g., watches), and the like. The personal device may be used by the user to check the status of the vehicle 103 upon performing the plurality of operations.
[0040] In the present disclosure, the plurality of circuitry components 113 are tuned for predefined values to obtain a frequency range for communicating with the vehicle 103. The plurality of circuitry components 113 are tuned based on predefined performance parameters associated with the antenna 115. The predefined performance parameters comprise of reflection coefficient, antenna gain, radiation pattern and a predefined variation in electric field. For example, as shown in FIG. 4a, an exemplary circuitry of the PCB of the key fob is disclosed. As shown in FIG. 4a, the plurality of circuitry components 113 and the antenna 115 are mounted on the PCB 107. Further, FIG. 4b illustrates a schematic circuit for configuring the key fob 101. As shown in FIG. 4b, the circuit comprise the antenna 115 and one or more circuitry components of the plurality of circuitry components 113. As shown in FIG. 4b, the one or more circuitry components 113 comprise of a resistor 402, capacitors 4041, 4042 and

4043, an inductor 406, amplifiers, capacitors 4081, 4082 and 4083. The one or more circuitry components 113 such as, capacitors 4041, 4042 and 4043 and inductor 406, are tuned based on the predefined performance parameters associated with the antenna 115. The one or more circuitry components 113 are tuned to maintain a predefined resistance based on predefined techniques such as stub matching and Smith chart mapping. In one instance, the predefined resistance may be 50 ohms. Upon performing the tuning, the plurality of circuitry components are tested using vector network analyser.
[0041] The one or more circuitry components 113 are tuned based on the reflection coefficient that quantifies how much of an electromagnetic wave may be reflected by an impedance discontinuity in a transmission medium. As shown in FIG. 5a, an exemplary graph that shows simulation result of reflection coefficient is disclosed. In one instance, the one or more circuitry components 113 are tuned based on the reflection coefficient such that less than 10% reflection and greater than 90% transmission of the available power for a bandwidth of more than 300 MHz is achieved. Therefore, in this manner, the achieved bandwidth may reduce de-tuning of the antenna 115, due to plastic encapsulation or other circuitry components in the vicinity of the antenna 115. Further, the antenna gain defines radiation in any direction in a free space, wherein the ratio of the antenna 115 is measured in comparison [dBi isotropic] to an ideal isotropic antenna, which radiates uniformly in all directions. As shown in FIG. 5c, radiation pattern for achieved antenna gain is disclosed. In an embodiment, the radiation pattern may be defined to be omnidirectional for providing multi-dimensional range capability. Further, the predefined variation in the electric field may be maintained in a range of 0 to 360 degrees while tuning the components. Therefore, based on the predefined performance parameters, the antenna 115 delivers optimal performance results as maximum frequency range is obtained for communicating information between the key fob 101 and the vehicle 103.
[0042] Upon obtaining the frequency range, the antenna 115 transmits the data frames on the obtained frequency range to the ECU 109 of the vehicle 103. The data frames comprise of information associated with the one or more requests for performing the plurality of operations.
[0043] The antenna 115 is mounted on a layer of the multi-layered PCB 107 and is isolated from the plurality of circuitry components 113 based on layout factors associated with the PCB 107. In an embodiment, the antenna 115 may be an inverted F-antenna, that may be operating at 2.4 GHz. The layout of the key fob 101 may include an impact on the performance of the key fob 101. Therefore, in an embodiment of the present disclosure, the key fob 101 is designed
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by considering the layout factors such as, a position of the antenna, keep-out area around the antenna, ground planes in the PCB, proximity to one or more circuitry components and design of transmission line.
[0044] In an embodiment, the antenna 115 may include different modes of operations and depending on radiation level of the antenna 115, positions for placement of the antenna 115 may be determined. For example, the placement may correspond to, along a short side of the PCB 107, long side of the PCB 107, or in any corner of the PCB 107. In the present disclosure, a predefined corner of the PCB 107 is considered as an optimal position for placing the antenna 115 to provide a wider keep-out area. When the PCB 107 with smaller keep-out areas experience a transient over-voltage event, an arcing may occur between the plurality of circuitry components 113 which are mounted on the PCB 107. Hence, in an embodiment, the predefined corner position of the PCB 107 is considered to allow the antenna 115 to obtain five spatial directions around the keep-out area and a feed to the PCB antenna 115 may lie in sixth direction.
[0045] In an embodiment, on considering the keep-out area as the layout factor, the plurality of circuitry components 113 mounted on the PCB 107 may not be placed in a near field area of the antenna 115. For example, the near field area around the antenna 115 is required to be at a distance from metallic objects, including mounting screws.
[0046] In an embodiment, the ground planes on the PCB 107 may be configured with a predefined size that may enable the connectors and the batteries to have less effect on the antenna 115.
[0047] In an embodiment, transmission lines of the antenna 115 may correspond to a Radio Frequency (RF) trace that carries a radiofrequency energy in the antenna 115 for transmitting signals to the vehicle 103. In one example, the transmission lines in the PCB 107 may be designed at 50 Ω characteristic impedance to avoid the signals from getting reflected to the key fob 101 and cause a degraded signal-to-noise ratio (SNR).
[0048] Therefore, on considering the aforementioned layout factors, the present disclosure provides improved efficiency of the key fob by efficiently tuning the plurality of circuitry components 113. The present disclosure further facilitates smooth operating of the key fob 101 by establishing a BLE based communication for accessing the vehicle 103. Further, the antenna

115 of the key fob 101 delivers optimal performance results as maximum frequency range is obtained for communicating information between the key fob 101 and the vehicle 103. Hence, with the improved efficiency, the key fob 101 smoothly communicates with the vehicle 103 to perform the plurality of operations related to the vehicle 103.
[0049] In an embodiment, the key fob 101 may operate in at least one of Remote Keyless Entry (RKE) mode and Passive Entry Passive Start (PEPS) mode to perform the plurality of operations. In an embodiment, the presence of the key fob 101 may be detected by the vehicle 103 when a secured wireless communication is established between the ECU 109 associated with the vehicle 103 and the key fob 101. Thereafter, an authentication between the ECU 109 and the key fob 101 is performed based on known authentication techniques. In one embodiment, in the PEPS mode, two concentric circles with different radius may be plotted for enabling the plurality of operation of the key fob 101. For instance, an inner circle, with smaller radius, may correspond to the unlocking operation and the outer circle, with a bigger radius, may correspond to the locking operation. The PEPS mode may be implemented by tracking motion of the user with the key fob 101. For example, when the user is within the periphery of the inner circle, the vehicle 103 may be unlocked and when the user is moving out of the periphery of the inner circle and towards the outer circle, the vehicle 103 may be locked, on requesting the respective operations.
[0050] In an embodiment, when the plurality of operations are requested by the user, a handshake process between the ECU 109 and the key fob 101 is established, wherein the key fob 101 may send an authentication request in terms of an encrypted message to the ECU 109. During the handshake process, the ECU 109 may decrypt the received message. Thereafter, the ECU 109 may process the message to determine whether the request is from an authenticated key fob 101. The ECU 109 may allow connection with the key fob 101 on confirming whether the request belongs to an authenticated key fob 101. Based on the authentication, the ECU 109 allows the key fob 101 to perform the requested plurality of operations on the vehicle 103.
[0051] Once the ECU 109 is auto connected with the key fob 101, the plurality of operations of the vehicle 103 may be controlled with the key fob 101. Therefore, when a button of the key fob 101 is pressed by the user for requesting one of the operations of the plurality of operations, the key fob 101 may transmit an encrypted BLE frame to the ECU 109 for a two-way authentication using predefined techniques such as, but not limited to, AES 128 algorithm.

Thereafter, the ECU 109 may decrypt the encrypted BLE frame to activate the requested operation as a response to the request.
[0052] In an embodiment, the ECU 109 may function in a Bluetooth advertising mode and when the key fob 101 is in a predefined BLE range, the ECU 109 may identify the key fob 101. For identification at first instance, the ECU 109 and the key fob 101 may be paired for establishing a connection based on a BLE technique with predefined conditions. In an embodiment, the predefined condition to be paired may include, but not limited to, both devices (101, 109) must operate on a same BLE version. Therefore, when the pairing is successful, the key fob 101 and the ECU 109 may recognize or identify each other. Hence, in the next instance for initiating connection between the devices (101, 109), an autoconnection, such as the aforementioned handshake process may take place. Hence, the pairing process need not be initiated again, and the devices (101, 109) may be paired when the key fob 101 enters the BLE range.
[0053] FIG. 2 illustrates a detailed block diagram of a key fob, in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0054] In some implementations, the SoC 111 of the key fob 101 may include a memory 200. The memory 200 may store data 202 and modules 214. In some embodiments, the data 202 may include request data 204, tuning data 206, frequency data 208, signal data 210, and other data 212. In some embodiments, the data 202 may be stored in the memory 200 in form of various data types.
[0055] The request data 204 may include one or more requests received from the user of the vehicle 103. The one or more requests may be associated with the plurality of operations related to the vehicle 103.
[0056] The tuning data 206 may include the predefined values for the one or more circuitry component of a plurality of circuitry components 113. The tuning data 206 may further include predefined performance parameters based on which the tuning is performed.
[0057] The frequency data 208 may include the frequency range obtained upon tuning the one or more circuitry components 113.

[0058] The signal data 210 may include data signals and data frames which are generated as a response to the one or more requests.
[0059] The other data 212 may be stored data, including temporary data, generated by the modules 214 for performing the various functions of the key fob 101.
[0060] In an embodiment, the data 202 in the memory 200 are processed by the one or more modules 214 present within the memory 200 of the SoC 111.
[0061] One or more modules 214 along with the data 202 functions to establish communication between the key fob 101 and the vehicle 103. In one implementation, the one or more modules 214 may include, but are not limited to, a receiving module 216, a data generation module 217, a tuning module 218, a data transmission module 220, and one or more other modules 222.
[0062] In an embodiment, the one or more modules 214 may be implemented as dedicated
units. As used herein, the term module refers to an application specific integrated circuit
(ASIC), an electronic circuit, a field-programmable gate arrays (FPGA),
Programmable System-on-Chip (PSoC), a combinational logic circuit, and/or other suitable components that provide the described functionality. In some implementations, the one or more modules 214 may be communicatively coupled to a processor for performing one or more functions of the key fob 101. The said modules 214 when configured with the functionality defined in the present disclosure will result in a novel hardware.
[0063] The receiving module 216 may receive the one or more requests from the user for performing the plurality of operations related to the vehicle 103 associated with the key fob 101. In an embodiment, the plurality of operations related to the vehicle comprises at least one of, vehicle lock, vehicle unlock, vehicle finder, seat actuator, glove box actuator, and fuel tank actuator.
[0064] The data generation module 217, generates data frames for each of the one or more requests in response to the one or more requests. Wherein the data frames are generated based on predefined Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) techniques such as, Remote keyless entry (RKE) and passive entry passive start (PEPS).
[0065] The tuning module 218 may tune the one or more circuitry components from the plurality of the circuitry components 113 based on tuning data 206 to obtain a frequency range.

The tuning module 218 performs the tuning for communicating the received one or more requests to the vehicle 103 associated with the key fob 101. The tuning module 218 performs tuning to maintain a predefined resistance based on predefined techniques such as, stub matching and Smith chart mapping. In one instance, the tuning module 218 tunes the one or more circuitry components 113 to obtain a predefined resistance of 50 ohms. The tuning module 218 further quantifies how much of an electromagnetic wave may be reflected by an impedance discontinuity in a transmission medium to obtain an optimal frequency range. The tuning module 218 tunes the one or more circuitry components 113 in such a manner that less than 10% reflection and greater than 90% transmission of available power for a bandwidth of more than 300 MHz is achieved. Furthermore, to obtain the optimal frequency range, the tuning module 218 measures the ratio of the antenna 115 in comparison [dBi isotropic] to an ideal isotropic antenna, which radiates uniformly in all directions.
[0066] The data transmission module 220 may receive the generated data frames from the data generation module 217 and transmit it to antenna 115 of the key fob 101, such that the antenna 115 further transmits the data frames as signals at the obtained frequency range, to the ECU 109 of the vehicle 103 for performing the one or more operations of the vehicle 103. The data frames are transmitted to the ECU 109 for a predefined number of times for executing the one or more requests. Therefore, in this manner, a BLE based communication between the key fob 101 and the vehicle 103 is established for performing the plurality of operations related to the vehicle.
[0067] FIG. 6 illustrates a flowchart showing a method of establishing communication between a key fob and a vehicle, in accordance with some embodiments of present disclosure.
[0068] As illustrated in FIG. 6, the method 600 comprises one or more blocks illustrating a method of establishing communication between a key fob 101 and a vehicle 103 in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. The method 600 may be described in the general context of computer-executable instructions. Generally, computer-executable instructions can include routines, programs, objects, components, data structures, procedures, modules, and functions, which perform functions or implement abstract data types.
[0069] The order in which the method 600 is described is not intended to be construed as a limitation, and any number of the described method blocks can be combined in any order to implement the method 600. Additionally, individual blocks may be deleted from the methods
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without departing from scope of the subject matter described herein. Furthermore, the method 600 can be implemented in any suitable hardware, software, firmware, or combination thereof.
[0070] At block 601, the method 600 may include receiving one or more requests from a user for performing a plurality of operations related to the vehicle 103 associated with the key fob 101. In an embodiment, the plurality of operations related to the vehicle 103 comprises at least one of, vehicle lock, vehicle unlock, vehicle finder, seat actuator, glove box actuator, and fuel tank actuator.
[0071] At block 603, the method 600 may include tuning a plurality of circuitry components 113 for predefined values based on predefined performance parameters to obtain a frequency range for communicating the received one or more requests to the vehicle 103 associated with the key fob 101. In an embodiment, the plurality of circuitry components 113 comprise resistors, capacitors, batteries, Liquid Crystal Display (LCDs), and connectors. In an embodiment, the predefined performance parameters comprise reflection coefficient, antenna gain, radiation pattern, and a predefined variation in electric field, associated with an antenna 115.
[0072] At block 605, the method 600 may include transmitting, by the antenna 115, data signals generated in response to each of the one or more requests, to the vehicle 103 at the obtained frequency range. In an embodiment, the antenna is mounted on a layer of a multi-layered PCB 107 and is isolated from the plurality of circuitry components 113 based on layout factors associated with the PCB 107. In an embodiment, the layout factors associated with the PCB 107 comprises a position of the antenna 115, keep-out area around the antenna 115, ground planes in the PCB 107, proximity to one or more circuitry components 113 and design of transmission line associated with the antenna 115.
[0073] Therefore, the present disclosure provides improved efficiency of the key fob 101 by efficiently tuning the plurality of circuitry components 113. The present disclosure further facilitates smooth operating of the key fob 101 while accessing the vehicle 103. Hence, with the improved efficiency, the key fob 101 smoothly communicates with the vehicle 103 to perform the plurality of operations related to the vehicle 103.
[0074] It should be appreciated that all combinations of the foregoing concepts and additional concepts discussed in greater detail below (provided such concepts are not mutually
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inconsistent) are contemplated as being part of the inventive subject matter disclosed herein. In particular, all combinations of claimed subject matter appearing at the end of this disclosure are contemplated as being part of the inventive subject matter disclosed herein.
[0075] These and other aspects of the invention will be apparent from and elucidated with reference to the embodiment(s) described hereinafter.
[0076] While several inventive embodiments have been described and illustrated herein, those of ordinary skill in the art will readily envision a variety of other means and/or structures for performing the function and/or obtaining the results and/or one or more of the advantages described herein, and each of such variations and/or modifications is deemed to be within the scope of the inventive embodiments described herein. More generally, those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that all parameters, dimensions, materials, and configurations described herein are meant to be exemplary and that the actual parameters, dimensions, materials, and/or configurations will depend upon the specific application or applications for which the inventive teachings is/are used. Those skilled in the art will recognize or be able to ascertain using no more than routine experimentation, many equivalents to the specific inventive embodiments described herein. It is, therefore, to be understood that the foregoing embodiments are presented by way of example only and that, within the scope of the appended claims and equivalents thereto, inventive embodiments may be practiced otherwise than as specifically described and claimed. Inventive embodiments of the present disclosure are directed to each individual feature, system, article, material, kit, and/or method described herein. In addition, any combination of two or more such features, systems, articles, materials, kits, and/or methods, if such features, systems, articles, materials, kits, and/or methods are not mutually inconsistent, is included within the inventive scope of the present disclosure.
[0077] Therefore, the present disclosure provides improved efficiency of the key fob by efficiently tuning the plurality of circuitry components. The present disclosure further facilitates smooth operating of the key fob while accessing the vehicle. Hence, with the improved efficiency, the key fob smoothly communicates with the vehicle to perform the plurality of operations related to the vehicle.
Equivalents:

[0078] A description of an embodiment with several components in communication with each other does not imply that all such components are required. On the contrary a variety of optional components are described to illustrate the wide variety of possible embodiments of the invention. When a single device or article is described herein, it will be apparent that more than one device/article (whether or not they cooperate) may be used in place of a single device/article. Similarly, where more than one device or article is described herein (whether or not they cooperate), it will be apparent that a single device/article may be used in place of the more than one device or article, or a different number of devices/articles may be used instead of the shown number of devices or programs. The functionality and/or the features of a device may be alternatively embodied by one or more other devices which are not explicitly described as having such functionality/features. Thus, other embodiments of the invention need not include the device itself.
[0079] The specification has described a system and a method for determining an optimal proportion of ores for blending. The illustrated steps are set out to explain the exemplary embodiments shown, and it should be anticipated that on-going technological development will change the manner in which particular functions are performed. These examples are presented herein for purposes of illustration, and not limitation. Further, the boundaries of the functional building blocks have been arbitrarily defined herein for the convenience of the description. Alternative boundaries can be defined so long as the specified functions and relationships thereof are appropriately performed. Alternatives (including equivalents, extensions, variations, deviations, etc., of those described herein) will be apparent to persons skilled in the relevant art(s) based on the teachings contained herein. Such alternatives fall within the scope and spirit of the disclosed embodiments. Also, the words "comprising," "having," "containing," and "including," and other similar forms are intended to be equivalent in meaning and be open-ended in that an item or items following any one of these words is not meant to be an exhaustive listing of such item or items or meant to be limited to only the listed item or items. It must also be noted that as used herein and in the appended claims, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” include plural references unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.
[0080] Finally, the language used in the specification has been principally selected for readability and instructional purposes, and it may not have been selected to delineate or circumscribe the inventive subject matter. It is therefore intended that the scope of the invention be limited not by this detailed description, but rather by any claims that issue on an application
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based here on. Accordingly, the embodiments of the present invention are intended to be illustrative, but not limiting, of the scope of the invention, which is set forth in the following claims.

Reference Number Description
100 Environment
101 Key fob
103 Vehicle
105 Communication network
107 PCB
109 ECU
111 SoC
200 Memory
202 Data
204 Request data
206 Tuning data
208 Frequency data
210 Signal data
212 Other data
214 Modules
216 Receiving module
218 Tuning module
220 Data transmission module
222 Other modules

We claim:
1. A key fob for a vehicle, comprising:
a multi-layered Printed Circuit Board (PCB) comprising:
a System on Chip (SoC) mounted on the PCB, configured to receive one or more requests from a user for performing a plurality of operations related to a vehicle associated with the key fob;
a plurality of circuitry components associated with the PCB, wherein one or more circuitry components of the plurality of circuitry components are tuned for predefined values based on predefined performance parameters to obtain a frequency range for communicating with the vehicle associated with the key fob; and
an antenna mounted at a predefined corner position of the PCB, wherein the antenna is communicatively coupled with the SoC and is configured to transmit data signals generated in response to each of the one or more requests, to the vehicle at the obtained frequency range.
2. The key fob as claimed in claim 1, wherein the plurality of operations related to the vehicle comprises at least one of, vehicle lock, vehicle unlock, vehicle finder, seat actuator, glove box actuator, and fuel tank actuator.
3. The key fob as claimed in claim 1, wherein the plurality of circuitry components comprise capacitors, inductors, resistors, batteries, Liquid Crystal Display (LCDs), and connectors.
4. The key fob as claimed in claim 1, wherein the predefined performance parameters comprise reflection coefficient, antenna gain, radiation pattern, and a predefined variation in electric field, associated with the antenna.
5. The key fob as claimed in claim 1, wherein the plurality of circuitry components are tuned using stub matching and Smith chart mapping.
6. The key fob as claimed in claim 1, wherein the plurality of circuitry components are tested using vector network analyser.
7. The key fob as claimed in claim 1, wherein the antenna is mounted on a layer of the multi-layered PCB and is isolated from the plurality of circuitry components based on layout factors associated with the PCB.

8. The key fob as claimed in claim 6, wherein the layout factors associated with the PCB comprises a position of the antenna, keep-out area around the antenna, ground planes in the PCB, proximity to one or more circuitry components and design of transmission line.
9. The key fob as claimed in claim 1, wherein the antenna corresponds to an inverted F-design antenna.