Field of Invention
The present invention generally relates to the field of telecommunications and more particularly,
to a method and a tracking system for managing database access in a continuous data flow environment.
Background of Invention
In a telecommunication network, conventionally when a new mobile device is launched in the
market, the International Mobile Equipment Identity (IMEI) number associated with the mobile
device is registered in the database associated with Global System for Mobile communications
Association (GSMA) server. The IMEI numbers of devices are checked by the GSMA server from
EIR DB, if it is black / Grey / White listing. The telecommunication network further comprises
multiple Equipment Identity Registers (EIRs) associated with various telecom service providers
(TSPs), for instance, AirtelTM, Vodafone-Idea VITM, JioTM etc. The GSMA server send triplet to
EIR while a device equipment accessing the network, triplet comprise of a combination of an IMEI
number, an International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI) number and a Mobile Station
International Subscriber Directory Number (MSISDN), which actually indicates an association of
a mobile device with a SIM ( IMSI ). These triplets are also communicated to the C-EIR
continuously, C-EIR connected to all EIR of various telecom service provider.
However, due to the large data flow inbound to the C-EIR from the GSMA server and the various
EIRs, it becomes rather difficult for the C-EIR to manage its database and therefore, the C-EIR
during the verification process only considers the IMEI but ignores the IMSI and the MSISDN
number. Hence, only the mobile device identity is authenticated in the known process, and
however SIM identity is left out. Due to this, the use of the lost/stolen phone becomes easier as
there is no authentication of the SIM identity against the handset identity.
The present invention aims at overcoming the drawbacks in the conventional process for database
management in a telecommunication network, also provide additional technical advantages that
enhances security measures if a user loses a mobile device or if the mobile device is stolen.
Objects of the Invention
An object of the present invention is to provide a method for effectively managing accessing of a
database in a continuous data flow environment.
3
Another object of the present invention is to provide a tracking system that allows efficient tracking
of a lost/stolen mobile device by enabling IMEI-IMSI-MSISDN mapping without any application
installed on user equipment (UE) and tracking will be valid even if device set up in factory default
mode post stolen.
Another object of the present invention is to provide an alert to owner of equipment’s alternative
/ native number (based on allocation) if the lost / stolen equipment is used in network. The alert
provided will have users MSISDN so that owner can get connected to same.
Another object of the present invention is to provide an alert to the user of lost /stolen equipment
that he/she is using a lost / stolen phone and this alert will have owners MSISDN.
Summary of the Invention
The present disclosure overcomes one or more shortcomings of the prior art and provides
additional advantages discussed throughout the present disclosure. Additional features and
advantages are realized through the techniques of the present disclosure. Other embodiments and
aspects of the disclosure are described in detail herein and are considered a part of the claimed
disclosure.
In one non-limiting embodiment of the present disclosure, a method of managing accessing of a
database in a continuous data flow environment. The method comprises tracking data flow
between a plurality of entities connected in a telecommunication environment. The plurality of
entities comprises equipment identity registers (EIRs) associated with corresponding telecom
service providers (TSPs), a central equipment identity registrar (C-EIR), and a global system for
mobile communications association (GSMA) server. The data flow comprises a list of IMEI
numbers being sent from the GSMA server to the C-EIR when mobile devices are ready for use
post manufacturing, and a plurality of triplets being sent from EIRs to the C-EIR. Each triplet
comprises a combination of IMEI number, IMSI number, and MSISDN indicating an association
of a mobile device with a subscriber identity module (SIM/IMSI) while being in use by a user. The
method further comprises registering the list of IMEI numbers and the triplets in the database in
such a manner that the database is continuously updated for each instance when a mobile device
dissociates with a SIM currently being used and the same mobile device associates with the same
or a new SIM, and wherein the database is updated with a new triplet to indicate a new association
4
between an IMEI number of the same mobile device with new IMSI number and new MSISDN of
the new SIM. The method further comprises configuring a crawler capable of identifying a
mismatch between the IMEI number, the IMSI number and the MSISDN for each instance when
the database is updated with the new triplet. Further, the method comprises providing an alert to
the user of the same mobile device based on the mismatch identified by the crawler.
In one non-limiting embodiment of the present disclosure, a tracking system managing accessing
of a database in a continuous data flow environment. The tracking system comprises a tracking
unit configured to data flow between a plurality of entities connected in a telecommunication
environment. The plurality of entities comprises equipment identity registers (EIRs) associated
with corresponding telecom service providers (TSPs) a central equipment identity registrar (CEIR), and a global system for mobile communications association (GSMA) server. The data flow
comprises a list of IMEI numbers being sent from the GSMA server to the C-EIR when mobile
devices are ready for use post manufacturing, and a plurality of triplets being sent from the EIRs
to the C-EIR. Each triplet comprises a combination of IMEI number, IMSI number, and MSISDN
indicating an association of a mobile device with a subscriber identity module (SIM) while being
in use by a user. The tracking system further comprises a registration unit configured to the list of
IMEI numbers and the triplets in the database in such a manner that the database is continuously
updated for each instance when a mobile device dissociates with a SIM currently being used and
the same mobile device associates with the same or a new SIM, and wherein the database is
updated with a new triplet to indicate a new association between an IMEI number of the same
mobile device with new IMSI number and new MSISDN of the new SIM. The tracking system
further comprises a crawler configured to identify a mismatch between the IMEI number, the IMSI
number and the MSISDN for each instance when the database is updated with the new triplet.
Further, the tracking system comprises a transmission unit configured to provide an alert to the
user of the same mobile device based on the mismatch identified by the crawler.
The foregoing summary is illustrative only and is not intended to be in any way limiting. In
addition to the illustrative aspects, embodiments, and features described above, further aspects,
embodiments, and features will become apparent by reference to the drawings and the following
detailed description.
5
Brief Description of the Drawings
The embodiments of the disclosure itself, as well as a preferred mode of use, further objectives
and advantages thereof, will best be understood by reference to the following detailed description
of an illustrative embodiment when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. One or
more embodiments are now described, by way of example only, with reference to the
accompanying drawings in which:
Figure 1 shows an exemplary environment 100 of a tracking system in a continuous data flow
telecommunications environment in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure;
Figure 2 shows a block diagram 200 illustrating a tracking system in accordance with an
embodiment of the present disclosure; and
Figure 3 shows a method 300 for managing accessing of a database in a continuous data flow
environment in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
The figures depict embodiments of the disclosure for purposes of illustration only. One skilled in
the art will readily recognize from the following description that alternative embodiments of the
structures and methods illustrated herein may be employed without departing from the principles
of the disclosure described herein.
Detailed Description of the Invention
The foregoing has broadly outlined the features and technical advantages of the present disclosure
in order that the detailed description of the disclosure that follows may be better understood. It
should be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the conception and specific embodiment
disclosed may be readily utilized as a basis for modifying or designing other structures for carrying
out the same purposes of the present disclosure.
The novel features which are believed to be characteristic of the disclosure, both as to its
organization and method of operation, together with further objects and advantages will be better
understood from the following description when considered in connection with the accompanying
figures. It is to be expressly understood, however, that each of the figures is provided for the
purpose of illustration and description only and is not intended as a definition of the limits of the
present disclosure.
6
A conventional telecommunications environment comprises multiple entities such as a GSMA
server, multiple EIRs associated with various TSPs, such as AirtelTM, Vodafone-Idea VITM etc and
a C-EIR. IMEI numbers of the mobile devices launched in the market are communicated to the CEIR by the GSMA server via EIR. Further, multiple triplets are communicated by the various EIRs
to the C-EIR, each triplet being a combination of an IMEI number, an International Mobile
Subscriber Identity (IMSI) number and a Mobile Station International Subscriber Directory
Number (MSISDN) which indicates an association of a mobile device with a SIM. The database
at C-EIR is overburdened by the excessive continuous flow of IMEI numbers and triplets and
therefore, during the verification process of a SIM with a mobile device, C-EIR only considers the
IMEI number associated with the mobile device and ignores the IMSI and the MSISDN number
as EIR/C-EIR are only designed for equipment authenticity. Hence, only the mobile device
identity is authenticated in the known process, and however SIM identity is left out. Due to this,
the use of the lost/stolen phone becomes easier as there is no authentication of the SIM identity
against the handset identity.
Disclosed herein is a method and a tracking system managing accessing of a database in a
continuous data flow telecommunications environment. The tracking system taps the interface
between the GSMA server and the C-EIR along the interface between the various EIRs and the CEIR to track the flow of IMEI numbers from the GSMA server to the C-EIR and to track the flow
of various triplets from the EIRs to the C-EIR. The tracking system registers the IMEI numbers
and the triplets in its database. The database is continuously updated when a mobile device
dissociates with a SIM. The dissociation of a mobile device can occur in various scenarios such as
but not limited to, a user loses his/her mobile device and uses the same SIM in a new mobile
device, or the mobile device associated with the user gets stolen and a new SIM is inserted in the
stolen mobile device or the user willingly changes his/her subscriber or the phone number.
Any of the above-mentioned scenarios would result in a change in the registered triplet
combination. The tracking system configures a crawler to identify the mismatch in the registered
triplet i.e., it identifies whether there is a change in any of three quantities of a triplet viz the IMEI
number, IMSI number or the MSISDN and provides an alert to the user by means such as a text
message, or an email or a multimedia message to authenticate the change in the triplet. If the user
willingly changes his/her SIM or changes his/her mobile device, the tracking system updates its
7
database with the new triplet. However, if the change in the registered triplet is caused by the user’s
mobile device being lost/stolen, the tracking system would provide the user the MSISDN number
of the person currently using his/her mobile device and would also notify the person that he/she is
using a stolen mobile device. The intervention by the tracking system in a conventional
telecommunication environment not only improves database management technique for efficiently
handling huge amount of data but also provides an efficient technique for tracking of a lost/stolen
mobile device by enabling IMEI-IMSI-MSISDN mapping.
Figure 1 shows an exemplary environment 100 of a tracking system in a continuous data flow
telecommunications environment in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. It
must be understood to a person skilled in art that the present invention may also be implemented
in various environments, other than as shown in Fig. 1.
The environment 100 comprises a tracking system 102, a C-EIR 104, a GSMA server 106, multiple
EIRs 108 and mobile devices 114, 116, 118. Whenever a new mobile device is launched in the
market post manufacturing, it is associated with a unique IMEI number. The IMEI numbers 112
of all such mobile devices are communicated by the GSMA server 106 to the EIR 108. EIR (108)
passes this information to C-EIR (104) online and also SYNC DB on regular intervals. The CEIR checks the received IMEI numbers 112 from equipment database 104-a, if it is white/gray/lack
listed. Similarly, whenever a mobile device associates with a SIM corresponding to a telecom
service provider (TSP), for example, AirtelTM, Vodafone-Idea VITM etc, a unique triplet
comprising the IMEI number of the mobile device and the IMSI number and the MSISDN
associated with the SIM is sent to the EIR 108 of the telecom service provider.
Each telecom service provider maintains an EIR. Such triplets 110 are also continuously
communicated to the C-EIR 104 to check IMEI from database 104-a. However, due to the large
data flow inbound to the C-EIR from the GSMA server and the various EIRs, it becomes rather
difficult for the C-EIR to manage its database and therefore, the C-EIR during the verification
process only considers the IMEI but ignores the IMSI and the MSISDN number. Hence, only the
mobile device identity is authenticated in the known process, and however SIM identity is left out.
To address this, the present disclosure discloses a tracking system 102 that taps an interface
between the GSMA server 106 and the C-EIR 104 and between EIRs 108 and the C-EIR 104. The
tracking system 102 is communicatively coupled to various mobile devices 114, 116 and 118.
8
The detailed functioning of the tracking system 102 is elaborated in conjunction with Figure 2.
The tracking system 102 as illustrated in figure 2 comprises an I/O interface 202, a processor 204,
a memory 206, a database 102-a to store registered triplets 208 or a new updated triplet 208 and a
registration of units 216. The tracking system 102 comprises a tracking unit 214 that tracks the
flow of IMEI numbers 112 from the GSMA server 106 to the C-EIR 104. The tracking unit 214
also tracks the flow of the triplets 110 from the EIRs 108 to the C-EIR 104. The tracking system
102 further comprises a registration unit 216 that registers the IMEI numbers 112 and the triplets
110 in the database 102-a in such a manner that the database 102-a is continuously updated with
a new triplet if a mobile device dissociates with a SIM, thereby altering at least one of the IMEI
number, IMSI number and MSISDN of the triplet. The tracking system 102 further comprises a
crawler 218 that is configured to identify a mismatch between the IMEI number, the IMSI number
and the MSISDN for each instance when the database (102-a) is updated with the new triplet 208.
The dissociation of the mobile device and the SIM can occur in various ways. In one exemplary
embodiment, an existing SIM may associate with a new mobile device. This may happen if the
user of the existing SIM has lost his/her old mobile device or the old mobile device gets stolen or
the user purchases a new mobile device and uses the existing SIM in the new mobile device. In
each of the scenario, the triplet corresponding to the existing SIM and the old mobile device would
get changed. In other words, the IMSI number and the MSISDN associated with the existing SIM
will now be associated with a new IMEI number for the new mobile device.
The crawler 218 identifies this mismatch and a transmission unit 220 sends an alert to the user to
provide an intimation of the mismatch. The alert can be provided by means of a text message, an
e-mail, a multimedia message and a combination thereof. In cases where the mobile device is
lost/stolen, a text message alert might not prove to be useful as conventionally the mobile device
is accompanied by the SIM card. Therefore, a combination of one or more ways of providing an
alert to the user would prove to be beneficial.
Further, the tracking system 102 comprises a receiving unit 212 configured to receive a response
from the user authenticating the identified mismatch. If the user authenticates the mismatch, that
is if the user has willingly changed the mobile device, the updation unit 222 would update the
database 102-a with the new triplet 208. Further, if the user has purchased the new mobile device
from a grey market, the user would be notified of the previous owner of the mobile device by
9
providing the MSISDN number of the SIM associated with the previous owner. User can check
from previous owner if his / her phone is lost/stolen/sold. However, if the user authenticates the
identified mismatch and register to track his/her last IMEI being lost / stolen, tracking system now
track the device and if it observes that the lost/stolen mobile device is now being used with a new
SIM, the transmission unit 220 shall provide the MSISDN associated with the new SIM to the
original user/owner of the that stolen mobile device. In one of the exemplary embodiments, the
transmission unit 220 may also notify the C-EIR 104 of the IMEI number of the lost/stolen mobile
device and may request blocking of the said IMEI number to prevent unauthorized use, if owner
of stolen equipment submitted such request for his /her lost / stolen phone device.
In another exemplary embodiment, the same mobile device may associate with a new SIM. This
may happen if the user of the same mobile device switches his/her subscriber identity number
willingly or the same mobile device was lost/stolen and is now being used by an unauthorized user.
In both the scenarios, the MSISDN would be altered while the IMEI number would remain the
same. The crawler 218 identifies the mismatch and the transmission unit 220 sends an alert to the
user to provide an intimation of the mismatch.
The receiving unit 212 receives a response from the user authenticating the identified mismatch.
If the user authenticates the mismatch, that is if the user has willingly changed the SIM, the
updation unit 222 would update the database 102-a with the new triplet 208 comprising old IMEI
number and new IMSI number and MSISDN. However, if the user wants to track the last used
IMEI, tracking system start tracking the IMEI and alert owner if it observes that the lost/stolen
mobile device is now being used with a new SIM, the transmission unit 220 shall provide the
MSISDN number associated with the new SIM to the user.
Accordingly, the user would thereby be in a position to check for the duplicacy of the IMEI number
of the mobile device originally registered with the user. In one of the exemplary embodiments, the
transmission unit 220 may send an alert to an alternate mobile device 114, 116 registered with the
user. In one of the exemplary embodiments, the unauthorized user may also be notified that he/she
is using a lost/stolen mobile device.
Figure 3 shows a method 300 for managing accessing of a database in a continuous data flow
environment in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
10
As illustrated in Figure 3, the method 300 includes one or more blocks illustrating a method for
managing accessing of a database (102-a) in a continuous data flow environment. The method 300
may be described in the general context of computer executable instructions. Generally, computer
executable instructions can include routines, programs, objects, components, data structures,
procedures, modules, and functions, which perform specific functions or implement specific
abstract data types.
The order in which the method 300 is described is not intended to be construed as a limitation, and
any number of the described method blocks can be combined in any order to implement the
method. Additionally, individual blocks may be deleted from the methods without departing from
the spirit and scope of the subject matter described herein.
At block 302, the method 300 may include tracking data flow between a plurality of entities
connected in a telecommunication environment. The plurality of entities comprises equipment
identity registers (EIRs) 108 associated with corresponding telecom service providers (TSPs), a
central equipment identity registrar (C-EIR) 104, and a global system for mobile communications
association (GSMA) server 106. Further, the data flow comprises a list of IMEI numbers 112 being
sent from the GSMA server 106 to the C-EIR 104 when mobile devices are ready for use post
manufacturing, and a plurality of triplets 110 being sent from the EIRs 108 to the C-EIR 104.
Each triplet comprises a combination of IMEI number, MSISDN indicating an association of a
mobile device with a subscriber identity module (SIM) while being in use by a user.
At block 304, the method 300 may include registering the list of IMEI numbers 112 and the triplets
110 in the database 102-a of the tracking system 102 in such a manner that the database 102-a is
continuously updated for each instance when a mobile device dissociates with a SIM currently
being used and the same mobile device associates with the same or a new SIM. Further, database
102-a is updated with a new triplet 208 to indicate a new association between an IMEI number of
the same mobile device with new IMSI number and new MSISDN of the new SIM.
At block 306, the method 300 may include configuring a crawler 218 capable of identifying a
mismatch between the IMEI number, the IMSI number and the MSISDN for each instance when
the database 102-a is updated with the new triplet.
11
At block 308, the method 300 may include providing an alert to the user of the same mobile device
based on the mismatch identified by the crawler.
At block 310, the method 300 may include receiving a response, based on the alert, from the user
of the same mobile device to authenticate the identified mismatch.
Based on the response received from the user, the method 300 may either proceed to block 312 or
block 314.
At block 312, the method 300 may include updating the database 102-a with the new triplet when
the user of the same mobile device authenticates association with the new SIM.
At block 314, the method 300 may include providing the IMSI number and the MSISDN of the
new SIM to the user of the same mobile device.
The terms "including", "comprising", “having” and variations thereof mean "including but not
limited to", unless expressly specified otherwise.
The enumerated listing of items does not imply that any or all the items are mutually exclusive,
unless expressly specified otherwise.
The terms "a", "an" and "the" mean "one or more", unless expressly specified otherwise.
A description of an embodiment with several components in communication with each other does
not imply that all such components are required. On the contrary, a variety of optional components
are described to illustrate the wide variety of possible embodiments of the invention.
When a single device or article is described herein, it will be readily apparent that more than one
device/article (whether or not they cooperate) may be used in place of a single device/article.
Similarly, where more than one device or article is described herein (whether or not they
cooperate), it will be readily apparent that a single device/article may be used in place of the more
than one device or article or a different number of devices/articles may be used instead of the
shown number of devices or programs. The functionality and/or the features of a device may be
alternatively embodied by one or more other devices which are not explicitly described as having
such functionality/features. Thus, other embodiments of the invention need not include the device
itself.
12
Finally, the language used in the specification has been principally selected for readability and
instructional purposes, and it may not have been selected to delineate or circumscribe the inventive
subject matter. It is therefore intended that the scope of the invention be limited not by this detailed
description, but rather by any claims that issue on an application based here on. Accordingly, the
embodiments of the present invention are intended to be illustrative, but not limiting, of the scope
of the invention, which is set forth in the following claims.
While various aspects and embodiments have been disclosed herein, other aspects and
embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art. The various aspects and embodiments
disclosed herein are for purposes of illustration and are not intended to be limiting, with the true
scope and spirit being indicated by the following claims.

We Claim:
1. A method of managing accessing of a database (102-a) in a continuous data flow
environment, wherein the method comprising:
tracking (302) data flow between a plurality of entities connected in a
telecommunication environment, wherein the plurality of entities comprises:
equipment identity registers (EIRs) (108) associated with corresponding
telecom service providers (TSPs),
a central equipment identity registrar (C-EIR) (104), and
a global system for mobile communications association (GSMA) server
(106);
wherein the data flow comprises:
a list of IMEI numbers (112) being sent from the GSMA server (106) to the
C-EIR (104) when mobile devices are ready for use post manufacturing, and
a plurality of triplets (110) being sent from the EIRs (108) to the C-EIR
(104), wherein each triplet comprises a combination of IMEI number, IMSI
number, and MSISDN indicating an association of a mobile device with a
subscriber identity module (SIM) while being in use by a user;
registering (304) the list of IMEI numbers (112) and the triplets (110) in the
database (102-a) in such a manner that the database (102-a) is continuously updated for
each instance when a mobile device dissociates with a SIM currently being used and the
same mobile device associates with the same or a new SIM, and wherein the database (102-
a) is updated with a new triplet to indicate a new association between an IMEI number of
the same mobile device with new IMSI number and new MSISDN of the new SIM;
configuring (306) a crawler capable of identifying a mismatch between the IMEI
number, the IMSI number and the MSISDN for each instance when the database (102-a)
is updated with the new triplet; and
providing (308) an alert to the user of the same mobile device based on the
mismatch identified by the crawler.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, further comprising:
receiving (310) a response, based on the alert, from the user of the same mobile
device to authenticate the identified mismatch; and
based on the response received from the user, performing at least one of:
updating (312) the database (102-a) with the new triplet when the user of
the same mobile device authenticates association with the new SIM; or
providing (314) the IMSI number and the MSISDN of the new SIM to the
user of the same mobile device.
15
3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the alert is generated in a form of at least one
of text message, a multimedia message, an email, and wherein the alert comprises
information pertaining to the new MSISDN and new IMSI associated with the new SIM.
4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the alert is provided to at least one of the same
mobile device or to an alternate mobile device in the case where the mobile device
associated with the user is lost/stolen.
5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the database (102-a) is updated with a new
triplet to indicate a new association between a new IMEI number of a new mobile device
and an IMSI number and MSISDN of an old SIM.
6. A tracking system (102) for managing accessing of a database (102-a) in a continuous data
flow environment, wherein the tracking system (102) comprises:
a tracking unit (214) configured to track data flow between a plurality of entities
connected in a telecommunication environment, wherein the plurality of entities
comprises:
equipment identity registers (EIRs) (108) associated with corresponding
telecom service providers (TSPs),
a central equipment identity registrar (C-EIR) (104), and
a global system for mobile communications association (GSMA) server
(106);
wherein the data flow comprises:
a list of IMEI numbers (112) being sent from the GSMA server (106) to the
C-EIR (104) when mobile devices are ready for use post manufacturing, and
a plurality of triplets (110) being sent from the EIRs to the C-EIR, wherein
each triplet comprises a combination of IMEI number, IMSI number, and MSISDN
indicating an association of a mobile device with a subscriber identity module
(SIM) while being in use by a user,
a registration unit (216) configured to register the list of IMEI numbers (112) and
the triplets (110) in the database (102-a) in such a manner that the database (102-a) is
continuously updated for each instance when a mobile device dissociates with a SIM
currently being used and the same mobile device associates with the same or a new SIM,
and wherein the database (102-a) is updated with a new triplet to indicate a new association
between an IMEI number of the same mobile device with new IMSI number and new
MSISDN of the new SIM;
a crawler (218) configured to identify a mismatch between the IMEI number, the
IMSI number and the MSISDN for each instance when the database (102-a) is updated
with the new triplet; and
16
a transmission unit (220) configured to provide an alert to the user of the same
mobile device based on the mismatch identified by the crawler.
7. The tracking system as claimed in claim 6, further comprising:
a receiving unit (212) configured to receive a response, based on the alert, from the
user of the same mobile device to authenticate the identified mismatch; and
based on the response received from the user, the tracking system (102) is
configured to perform at least one of:
update, by an updation unit (222), the database (102-a) with the new triplet
when the user of the same mobile device authenticates association with the new
SIM, or
provide, by the transmission unit (220), the IMSI number and the MSISDN
of the new SIM to the user of the same mobile device.
8. The tracking system as claimed in claim 6, wherein the alert is generated in a form of at
least one of text message, a multimedia message, an email, and wherein the alert comprises
information pertaining to the new MSISDN and new IMSI associated with the new SIM.
9. The tracking system as claimed in claim 6, wherein the alert is provided to at least one of
the same mobile device or to an alternate mobile device in the case where the mobile device
associated with the user is lost/stolen.
10. The tracking system as claimed in claim 6, wherein the database (102-a) is updated, by the
updation unit (222), with a new triplet to indicate a new association between a new IMEI
number of a new mobile device and an IMSI number and MSISDN of an old SIM