Technical Field of the invention:
The present invention relates to a method for the prevention and/or treatment of
phytopathogenic fungi. More particularly, the present invention relates to a method of
using fungicides for the prevention and/or treatment of Asian soybean rust in
leguminous plants.
Background of the invention:
The fungus of the genus Phakopsora is known to infect legumes. Two most prominent
strains of the genus are Phakopsora pachyrhizi and Phakopsora meibomiae. Soybean
rust caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi is the most damaging disease affecting the yield
of leguminous plants causing widespread damage to crops and depleting yield from 10
to 90% if not treated in time. Commonly known as Asian Soybean Rust (ASR),
Phakopsora pachyrhizi infections must be detected early and treated early so as to
prevent the geographic spread of the disease, which is airborne and causes severe loss of
yield. The disease spreads through spores called urediniospores which are carried
through the environs, resulting in wide spread damage. The disease earlier restricted to
Asia and Australia has spread to Africa and in the past two decades, spread to South and
North America. The first detection in the Americas was in 2001 in South America;
from there it spread to North America where it was first detected in 2004.
Phakopsora pachyrhizi is known to infect over 30 legumes including commercially
important edible beans as well as kudzu. The additional host crops serve as a reservoir
for spores which can settle over the winter on the host crops and then spread in warmer
weather. Early detection and treatment of Phakopsora is very essential to prevent the
spread of disease and the loss of yield. Fungicides typically recommended for the
treatment of this disease include Qo inhibitors (Quinone outside inhibitors), DM
inhibitors (demethylation inhibitor), SDH Inhibitors (succinate dehydrogenase
inhibitors). These fungicides when applied alone provided some control but, resistance
was quickly observed, specifically in DM inhibitors (K Schmitz etal, Pest
Management Science, Vol. 69, Issue 10 (2013)). Combination of Qo and DM
inhibitors are also known in the art for the treatment of the disease, however, the

treatment is not effective in controlling the disease and improving yields at the same
time. Also, resistance to DM inhibitors effectively renders such combination
compositions useless as the ASR strains can effectively overcome the effects of DM
inhibitors. Venancio et.al (Poster #24, 2011 Field Crops Rust Symposium) taught the
use of combination of stroilurins (Qo inhibitors) and triazoles (DM inhibitors) for the
treatment of ASR, the control of the disease was found to be favorable; however, yield
was significantly low, and some combinations showed lower disease control and
significantly poor yield. Older studies have demonstrated the use of multi-site inhibitor
fungicides such as chloronitriles and dithiocarbamate for the treatment of Soybean Rust;
however, none of the multi-site inhibitor fungicides were successful in the control of the
disease or the increase in yield.
The most important factor in Soybean Rust is the loss of foliage that results in the loss
of nutrients and decrease in the overall yield of the crop. Numerous papers have been
published that demonstrate moderate increase in yield with the application of
fungicides. However, there is a need for a method of treatment that demonstrates
improved yields along with preventive and/or curative capabilities in the treatment of
Soybean Rust.
Compositions comprising the single actives used in the treatment of ASR have
demonstrated very little control as compared to combinations, however, the cost and
concentrations of such combination fungicides used in the treatment of ASR is
significantly higher. There is therefore a need in the art for a method of treatment that
provides excellent control over Asian Soybean Rust in host plants, as well as provides
high yields, maintain nutrition and quality of the plants.
Hartman, G. L., Saadaoui, E. M., and Tschanz, A. T., Scientific eds. 1992,
Annotated bibliography of soybean rust (Phakopsora pachyrhizi Sydow), A VRDC
Library Bibliography Series 4-1, Tropical Vegetable Information Service. Taipei:
Asian Vegetable Research and Development Center, recommended the use of
triadimefon, thiabendazole, chlorothalonil and certain ethylenebis-dithiocarbamates for
the control of soybean rust. The protection offered by triadimefon was inconsistent, in
comparison to mancozeb, although it successfully prevented yield losses. However,

triadimefon required frequent applications at 10-20 day intervals, starting from the
flowering stage in order to retain its effectiveness. Thiabendazole was found to be less
effective than certain ethylenebis-dithiocarbamates, and further was found effective
only when used with oxycarboxin. Thiabendazole was also found to be phytotoxic.
Chlorothalonil offered equal or worse rust control vis-a-vis the other fungicides
recommended in this paper.
The use of ethylenebis-dithiocarbamates such as mancozeb, zineb or maneb alone has
been found effective for the control of soybean rust when applied 7 to 21 days apart,
provided the first application was made three weeks after planting and continued as late
as till the flowering stage. Moreover, not all the studied showed yield increase due to
the individual applications of ethylenebis-dithiocarbamates.
Oxycarboxin was found less effective than ethylenebis-dithiocarbamates, was found
inconsistent in rust control and yield protection varied with the particular study.
Oxycarboxin is also required to be applied when lesions first appear and then at 7-
intervals for effective control, which is expensive and inconvenient.
Azoxystrobin is another fungicide, which has been recommended for soybean rust
control. However, it is known in the art that a single late application of azoxystrobin
does not control soybean rust or protect yield losses.
A recent survey by the present applicant found that a limited number of about 8-10
fungicides were approved to be used for the control of soybean rust, which are:
(A)Conazole type fungicides such as myclobutanil, propiconazole, tetraconazole
and tebuconazole;
(B) Strobilurin type fungicides such as azoxystrobin and pyraclostrobin;
(C) Combinations of conazole and strobilurin type fungicides such as propiconazole
+ trilfoxystrobin; and
(D) Ethylenebis-dithiocarbamates such as mancozeb.

Thus, additional fungicides are needed for soybean rust control due to economic reasons
as well as for resistance management strategies. However, the choice of fungicides for
soybean is not straightforward.
Soybean is not usually treated with foliar fungicides. Therefore, the choice of a
protective foliar fungicide leaves open the question of its application methods or the
effect of the particular selected fungicide on the crop. The pathogen for soybean rust is
usually found on the lower leaves of the plant where the lesion numbers increases as the
inoculum builds up. As the plant begins to flower, this inoculum builds up increases and
the infection moves up the plant as the lower leaves die off and drop. The crop needs
protection from flowering stage to the pod fill stage, during which the plant canopy is
very dense. The dense canopy is an effective barrier to penetration of fungicides applied
over the top of the canopy. Therefore, foliar fungicides are not preferred during this
stage of fungicidal control, or even the systemic fungicides that do not move down the
plant system present a problem.
US 8044084 discloses a method for controlling harmful fungi by applying a
combination of a strobilurin fungicide with an ethylene modulator. It was found that the
host plants are damaged to a lesser extent than after the treatment with a customary
fungicide. Specifically, this patent teaches a combination of pyraclostrobin with
prohexadione-Ca in weight ratio of from 20:1 to 0.05:1.
US 2011/0312493 teaches a method for controlling Asian soybean rust. The method
comprises treating a glyphosate tolerant soybean plant propagation material with a
fungicide selected from flutriafol, triticonazole, tebuconazole, ipconazole,
epoxyconazole, orysastrobin, prothioconazole, fluoxastrobin, azoxystrobin, furametpyr,
cyproconazole and subsequently with glyphosate.
US 2008/0153824 discloses for controlling rust infections in leguminous plants by using
orysastrobin or a mixture of orysastrobin with azoles, acylalanines, amine derivatives,
anilinopyrimidines, dicarboximides, dithiocarbmates, heterocyclic compounds,
phenylpyrroles, cinnamides and analogs thereof.

WO 2012/110464 discloses a method for controlling Asian soybean rust by applying a
succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor fungicide.
There is a need in the art for a fungicidal method of control of soybean rust that takes
into account the economics of fungicide application, the timing and number of sprays
and lastly, the choice of the fungicide for an effective control. These issues present a
considerable challenge to an agronomist.
Moreover, the single fungicide treatment regimen for Asian Soybean Rust (ASR) has
many drawbacks. Azoxystrobin was one of the first of the Qo inhibitors to be used for
the treatment of soybean rust individually and it provided good control. However,
according to FRAC guidelines, Azoxystrobin should be used more as a preventive
fungicide rather than a curative fungicide. The risk of resistance to Qo inhibitors is also
very high. Another drawback is that even at the lowest labeled rate of use product, Qo
inhibitor fungicide still costs the highest.
Alternatively, DM Inhibitors have shown good efficacy towards ASR, however, recent
findings have suggested that Phakopsora pachyrhizi is capable of developing resistance
to DM inhibitors.
Combinations of Qo inhibitors and DM inhibitors are currently registered in the
Americas have demonstrated 40 to 60% control of ASR. However, the control efficacy
mixtures of DM inhibitors with Qo inhibitors have reduced in the past seasons. Also,
there is no great increase in yield and no decrease in the stress on the plant due to pest
pressure.
Use of SDH inhibitors is also recommended for soybean rust control. However, single
fungicides such as Boscalid offer only a moderate control of ASR.
Dithiocarbamates, and mancozeb in particular, was one of the first fungicides to be used
for the treatment of ASR. Over the years many trials have been conducted on the use of
Mancozeb alone for the treatment of ASR. However, the efficacy of mancozeb alone
towards soybean rust control requires further research.

The present invention aims to overcome the problems in the prior art, namely, the need
for a method of treatment that will not render Phakopsora resistant to actives, improve
yield substantially and at reduced concentrations of actives, as well as reduced costs.
Objects of the invention:
The present invention, described hereinafter, achieves at least one of the following
objects of the invention.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a method to prevent and/or treat
Phakopsora pachyrhizi and/or Phakopsora meibomiae infection in a host plant.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a method of treating Soybean
Rust in a host plant that boosts the nutrient level in the plants and improves the quality
of the plants.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a method of treating Soybean
Rust in a host plant such that the quantities of fungicides used in the treatment is greatly
reduced.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a method for treating soybean
rust in a host plant wherein the fungicides used provides a synergistic control of
soybean rust.
Summary of the invention:
In an aspect, the present invention provides an improved method of treating soybean
rust infection in a host leguminous plant, wherein the improvement comprises treating
the plant at the locus of the infection with a dithiocarbamate fungicide, and
concurrently, prior or subsequently to the dithiocarbamate fungicide, with at least
another fungicide selected from a demethylation inhibitor, quinone outside inhibitor,
succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor, quinone inside inhibitor or combinations thereof.

In another aspect, the present invention provides a fungicidal combination for treating
soybean rust infection in a host leguminous plant, wherein the combination comprises a
first dithiocarbamate fungicide, and at least second fungicide selected from a
demethylation inhibitor, quinone outside inhibitor, succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor,
quinone inside inhibitor or combinations thereof.
In another aspect, the present invention provides the use of a dithiocarbamate fungicide
as a synergist to improve disease control in a host plant infected by soybean rust when
applied subsequently, prior or concurrently to at least another fungicide selected from a
demethylation inhibitor, quinone outside inhibitor, succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor,
quinone inside inhibitor or combinations thereof.
Detailed Description of the invention:
It has surprisingly been found that the use of a contact protective dithiocarbamate
fungicide along with at least one systemic fungicide effectively penetrates the dense
canopy barrier of the infected leguminous plant while simultaneously not allowing the
rust pathogen to move up the plant foliage. Without wishing to be bound by theory, it is
believed that the contact protective dithiocarbmate fungicide component of the
combination effectively penetrates the dense plant foliage, while the systemic fungicide
component effectively prevents the rust pathogen from infecting the remaining portion
of the plant effectively reducing the susceptibility of the plant towards the infection.
This synergistic complementation was not seen when either the foliar protective
fungicide or the systemic fungicide were individually used in isolation, but was
observed when the two fungicides were used in conjunction. This synergistic
complementation between the contact preventive dithiocarbamate fungicide and a
systemic fungicide for the treatment and control of Phakopsora species of fungicides
was unexpected and surprising.
Thus, in an aspect, the present invention provides a method for treating soybean rust in
a host leguminous plant, wherein the method comprises treating the plant at the locus of
the infection with at least one multi-site contact fungicide; and concurrently, prior or
subsequently to the multi-site contact fungicide, with at least one systemic fungicide.

The multi-site contact fungicides of the present invention inhibit fungal growth through
multiple sites of action and have contact and preventive activity. In an embodiment, the
multi-site contact fungicide may be selected from copper fungicides, sulfur fungicides,
dithiocarbamate fungicides, phthalimide fungicides, chloronitrile fungicides, sulfamide
fungicides, guanidine fungicides, triazines fungicides and quinone fungicides.
The copper fungicides of the present invention are inorganic compounds containing
copper, typically in the copper (II) oxidation state and are preferably selected from
copper oxychloride, copper sulfate, copper hydroxide and tribasic copper sulfate
(Bordeaux mixture). The sulfur fungicides of the present invention are inorganic
chemicals containing rings or chains of sulfur atoms and is preferably elemental sulfur.
The dithiocarbamate fungicides of the present invention contain a dithiocarbamate
molecular moiety and are selected from amobam, asomate, azithiram, carbamorph,
cufraneb, cuprobam, disulfiram, ferbam, metam, nabam, tecoram, thiram, urbacide,
ziram, dazomet, etem, milneb, mancopper, mancozeb, maneb, metiram, polycarbamate,
propineb and zineb. The phthalimide fungicides of the present invention contain a
phthalimide molecular moiety and are selected from folpet, captan and captafol. The
chloronitrile fungicide of the present invention comprises an aromatic ring substituted
with chloro- and cyano-substituents and is preferably chlorothalonil. The sulfamide
fungicides of the present invention are preferably selected from dichlofluanid and
tolylfluanid. The guanidine fungicides of the present invention are preferably selected
from dodine, guazantine and iminoctaadine. The triazine fungicide of the present
invention is preferably anilazine. The quinone fungicide of the present invention is
preferably dithianon.
In an embodiment, the multi-site contact fungicide of the present invention is a
dithiocarbamate fungicide selected from amobam, asomate, azithiram, carbamorph,
cufraneb, cuprobam, disulfiram, ferbam, metam, nabam, tecoram, thiram, urbacide,
ziram, dazomet, etem, milneb, mancopper, mancozeb, maneb, metiram, polycarbamate,
propineb and zineb.
Thus, in this aspect, the present invention provides a method for treating soybean rust in
a host leguminous plant, wherein the method comprises treating the plant at the locus of

the infection with at least one dithiocarbamate fungicide selected from aniobam,
asomate, azithiram, carbamorph, cufraneb, cuprobam, disulfiram, ferbam, metam,
nabam, tecoram, thiram, urbacide, ziram, dazomet, etem, milneb, mancopper,
mancozeb, maneb, metiram, polycarbamate, propineb and zineb; and concurrently, prior
or subsequently to the dithiocarbamate fungicide, with at least one systemic fungicide.
In an embodiment, the dithiocarbamate fungicide is mancozeb.
In an embodiment, the multi-site contact fungicide is a combination of mancozeb and
chlorothalonil.
Thus, in this embodiment, the present invention provides a method for treating soybean
rust in a host leguminous plant, wherein the method comprises treating the plant at the
locus of the infection with mancozeb; and concurrently, prior or subsequently to
mancozeb, with at least one systemic fungicide.
The term contact fungicide as used herein for the dithiocarbamate fungicides denotes a
fungicide that remains at the site where it is applied but does not travel within the plant.
Typically, these fungicides do not show any post-infection activity.
In an embodiment, the contact dithiocarbamate fungicide may be applied repeatedly at
the site of the infection at pre-determined time intervals.
The term "systemic fungicide" as used herein shall denote a fungicide that is absorbed
into the plant tissue and possesses at least some amount of an after-infection activity.
Preferably, the systemic fungicide of the present invention is capable of moving freely
throughout the plant. However, the term "systemic fungicide" is intended herein to
include the upwardly systemic fungicide as well as the locally systemic fungicide.
In an embodiment, the systemic fungicide is preferably a quinone outside inhibitor
(Qol). In this embodiment, the quinone outside inhibitor is selected from an
imidazolinone fungicide, an oxazolidinedione fungicide or a strobilurin fungicide.

Thus, in this embodiment, the present invention provides a method for treating soybean
rust in a host leguminous plant, wherein the method comprises treating the plant at the
locus of the infection with at least one dithiocarbamate fungicide selected from
amobam, asomate, azithiram, carbamorph, cufraneb, cuprobam, disulfiram, ferbam,
metam, nabam, tecoram, thiram, urbacide, ziram, dazomet, etem, milneb, mancopper,
mancozeb, maneb, metiram, polycarbamate, propineb and zineb, or combinations
thereof with chlorothalonil; and concurrently, prior or subsequently to the
dithiocarbamate fungicide, with at least one quinone outside inhibitor.
The Qol inhibitors useful in this embodiment of the present invention effect the
inhibition of complex III: cytochrome bcl (ubiquinol oxidase) at Qo site i.e. cyt b gene.
In one embodiment, the imidazolinone fungicide is fenamidone.
In another embodiment, the oxazolidinedione fungicide is famoxadone.
In another embodiment, the strobilurin fungicide is selected from the group consisting
of azoxystrobin, mandestrobin, coumoxystrobin, enoxastrobin, flufenoxystrobin,
pyraoxystrobin, dimoxystrobin, enestrobin, fluoxastrobin, kresoxim-methyl,
metominostrobin, orysastrobin, picoxystrobin, pyrametostrobin, triclopyricarb,
fenaminstrobin, pyraclostrobin and trifloxystrobin.
In another embodiment, the systemic fungicide of the present invention is preferably a
demethylation inhibitor (DMI).
Thus, in this embodiment, the present invention provides a method for treating soybean
rust in a host leguminous plant, wherein the method comprises treating the plant at the
locus of the infection with at least one dithiocarbamate fungicide selected from
amobam, asomate, azithiram, carbamorph, cufraneb, cuprobam, disulfiram, ferbam,
metam, nabam, tecoram, thiram, urbacide, ziram, dazomet, etem, milneb, mancopper,
mancozeb, maneb, metiram, polycarbamate, propineb and zineb or combinations thereof
with chlorothalonil; and concurrently, prior or subsequently to the dithiocarbamate
fungicide, with at least one demethylation inhibitor.

In this embodiment, the preferred DMI inhibitor is preferably a conazole fungicide
selected from the group consisting of climbazole, clotrimazole, imazalil, oxpoconazole,
prochloraz, prochloraz-manganese, triflumizole, azaconazole, bitertanol,
bromuconazole, cyproconazole, diclobutrazol, difenoconazole, diniconazole,
diniconazole-M, epoxiconazole, etaconazole, fenbuconazole, fluotrimazole,
fluquinconazole, flusilazole, flutriafol, furconazole, furconazole-cis, hexaconazole,
imibenconazole, ipconazole, metconazole, myclobutanil, pencoconazole, propiconazole,
prothioconazole, quinconazole, simeconazole, tebuconazple, tetraconazole, triadimefon,
triadimenol, triticonazole, uniconazole, perfurazoate and uniconazole-P.
In another embodiment, the preferred DMI inhibitor is preferably selected from
triflumizole, triforine, pyridinitrile, pyrifenox, fenarimol, nuarimol and triarimol.
In another embodiment, the systemic fungicide of the present invention is a combination
of at least one quinone outside inhibitor and at least demethylation inhibitor.
Thus, in this embodiment, the present invention provides a method for treating soybean
rust in a host leguminous plant, wherein the method comprises treating the plant at the
locus of the infection with at least one dithiocarbamate fungicide selected from
amobam, asomate, azithiram, carbamorph, cufraneb, cuprobam, disulfiram, ferbam,
metam, nabam, tecoram, thiram, urbacide, ziram, dazomet, etem, milneb, mancopper,
mancozeb, maneb, metiram, polycarbamate, propineb and zineb; and concurrently, prior
or subsequently to the dithiocarbamate fungicide, with at least one quinone outside
inhibitor and at least one demethylation inhibitor.
In an embodiment, the preferred quinone outside inhibitor is a strobilurin fungicide and
the preferred demethylation inhibitor is a conazole fungicide. In this embodiment, the
preferred dithiocarbamate is selected from the group consisting of thiram, ziram,
mancozeb, maneb, metiram, propineb and zineb.
Therefore, in this embodiment, the present invention provides a method for treating
soybean rust in a host leguminous plant, wherein the method comprises treating the
plant at the locus of the infection with at least one dithiocarbamate fungicide selected

from thiram, ziram, mancozeb, maneb, metiram, propineb and zineb or combinations
thereof with chlorothalonil; and concurrently, prior or subsequently to the
dithiocarbamate fungicide, with at least one strobilurin fungicide and at least one
conazole fungicide.
In an embodiment, the preferred dithiocarbamate is mancozeb. In this embodiment, the
preferred strobilurin fungicide is selected from trifloxystrobin, picoxystrobin,
azoxystrobin or pyraclostrobin, while the preferred conazole fungicide is selected from
prothioconazole, tebuconazole, cyproconazole, epoxiconazole, metconazole and
tebuconazole.
Thus, in this embodiment, the present invention provides a method for treating soybean
rust in a host leguminous plant, wherein the method comprises treating the plant at the
locus of the infection with mancozeb or combinations thereof with chlorothalonil; and
concurrently, prior or subsequently to mancozeb, with at least one strobilurin fungicide
selected from trifloxystrobin, picoxystrobin, azoxystrobin or pyraclostrobin and at least
one conazole fungicide selected from prothioconazole, tebuconazole, cyproconazole,
epoxiconazole, metconazole and tebuconazole.
In one embodiment, the preferred strobilurin is trifloxystrobin and the preferred
conazole is prothioconazole. Thus, in this embodiment, the present invention provides a
method for treating soybean rust in a host leguminous plant, wherein the method
comprises treating the plant at the locus of the infection with mancozeb; and
concurrently, prior or subsequently to mancozeb, with trifloxystrobin and with
prothioconazole.
In one embodiment, the preferred strobilurin is picoxystrobin and the preferred conazole
is tebuconazole. Thus, in this embodiment, the present invention provides a method for
treating soybean rust in a host leguminous plant, wherein the method comprises treating
the plant at the locus of the infection with mancozeb; and concurrently, prior or
subsequently to mancozeb, with picoxystrobin and with tebuconazole.

In one embodiment, the preferred strobilurin is picoxystrobin and the preferred conazole
is cyproconazole. Thus, in this embodiment, the present invention provides a method for
treating soybean rust in a host leguminous plant, wherein the method comprises treating
the plant at the locus of the infection with mancozeb; and concurrently, prior or
subsequently to mancozeb, with picoxystrobin and with cyproconazole.
In one embodiment, the preferred strobilurin is azoxystrobin and the preferred conazole
is cyproconazole. Thus, in this embodiment, the present invention provides a method for
treating soybean rust in a host leguminous plant, wherein the method comprises treating
the plant at the locus of the infection with mancozeb; and concurrently, prior or
subsequently to mancozeb, with azoxystrobin and with cyproconazole.
In one embodiment, the preferred strobilurin is pyraclostrobin and the preferred
conazole is epoxiconazole. Thus, in this embodiment, the present invention provides a
method for treating soybean rust in a host leguminous plant, wherein the method
comprises treating the plant at the locus of the infection with mancozeb; and
concurrently, prior or subsequently to mancozeb, with pyraclostrobin and with
epoxiconazole.
In one embodiment, the preferred strobilurin is pyraclostrobin and the preferred
conazole is tebuconazole. Thus, in this embodiment, the present invention provides a
method for treating soybean rust in a host leguminous plant, wherein the method
comprises treating the plant at the locus of the infection with mancozeb; and
concurrently, prior or subsequently to mancozeb, with pyraclostrobin and with
tebuconazole.
In one embodiment, the preferred strobilurin is pyraclostrobin and the preferred
conazole is metconazole. Thus, in this embodiment, the present invention provides a
method for treating soybean rust in a host leguminous plant, wherein the method
comprises treating the plant at the locus of the infection with mancozeb; and
concurrently, prior or subsequently to mancozeb, with pyraclostrobin and with
metconazole.

In another embodiment, the preferred strobilurin is trifloxystrobin and the preferred
conazole is selected from cyproconazole, propiconazole or tebuconazole. Thus, in this
embodiment, the present invention provides a method for treating soybean rust in a host
leguminous plant, wherein the method comprises treating the plant at the locus of the
infection with mancozeb; and concurrently, prior or subsequently to mancozeb, with
trifloxystrobin and with at least one compound selected from cyproconazole,
propiconazole or tebuconazole.
In another embodiment, the systemic fungicide of the present invention is a quinone
inside inhibitor. Preferably, the quinone inside inhibitor includes cyanoimidazole
fungicides and sulfamoyltriazole fungicides.
In an embodiment, the quinone inside inhibitor is selected from cyazofamid and
amisulbrom.
Thus, in this embodiment, the present invention provides a method for treating soybean
rust in a host leguminous plant, wherein the method comprises treating the plant at the
locus of the infection with at least one dithiocarbamate fungicide selected from
amobam, asomate, azithiram, carbamorph, cufraneb, cuprobam, disulfiram, ferbam,
metam, nabam, tecoram, thiram, urbacide, ziram, dazomet, etem, milneb, mancopper,
mancozeb, maneb, metiram, polycarbamate, propineb and zineb or combinations thereof
with chlorothalonil; and concurrently, prior or subsequently to the dithiocarbamate
fungicide, with at least one quinone inside inhibitor.
In another embodiment, the systemic fungicide of the present invention is a succinate
dehydrogenase inhibitor fungicide (SDHI). Preferably, the succinate dehydrogenase
inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of benodanil, flutolanil, mepronil,
fluopyram, fenfuram, carboxin, oxycarboxin, thifluzamide, bixafen, fluxapyroxad,
furametpyr, isopyrazam, penflufen, penthiopyrad, sedaxane and boscalid.
Thus, in this embodiment, the present invention provides a method for treating soybean
rust in a host leguminous plant, wherein the method comprises treating the plant at the
locus of the infection with at least one dithiocarbamate fungicide selected from

amobam, asomate, azithiram, carbamorph, cufraneb, cuprobam, disulfiram, ferbam,
metam, nabam, tecoram, thiram, urbacide, ziram, dazomet, etem, milneb, mancopper,
mancozeb, maneb, metiram, polycarbamate, propineb and zineb or combinations thereof
with chlorothalonil; and concurrently, prior or subsequently to the dithiocarbamate
fungicide, with at least one succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor.
It has been found that a combination of a multi-site contact fungicide, preferably a
dithiocarbamate fungicide, along with a systemic fungicide selected from at least one
Qo inhibitor (Quinone outside inhibitors), at least one Qi (quinone inside) inhibitor, at
least one DM inhibitor (demethylation inhibitor) or at least one SDH Inhibitor
(succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors) leads to an unexpected and surprisingly good
control of Soybean Rust as compared to other fungicides reported in the art.
Surprisingly, it has been found that dithiocarbamates, preferably mancozeb or
combinations thereof with chlorothalonil, acts as a synergist to improve disease control
and plant health of a host legume plant infected with soybean rust when applied
concurrently or subsequently to at least two fungicides selected from Qo inhibitors
(Quinone outside inhibitors), DM inhibitors (demethylation inhibitor), SDH Inhibitors
(succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors), Qi inhibitors (Quinone inside inhibitors) or
combinations thereof. The present inventors believe that these combinations have never
been hitherto reported in the art and many of their surprising properties never been
envisaged. These combinations were found to possess surprisingly improved efficacy of
enhanced disease control of Asian Soybean Rust caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi
and/or Phakopsora meibomiae infections. These combinations were also found to
improve the quality of the plant by decreasing stress and improving nutrition levels,
thereby increasing the yield of the plant that was infected with a fungicidal infection,
especially with the soybean rust infection.
In an embodiment, these combinations were also found especially effective against
corynespora, anthracnose, cercospora, leaf spot, rhizoctonia and sclerotinia families of
fungi apart from their superior efficacy against phakopsora family of fungi.

Thus, in this aspect, the present invention provides a fungicidal combination comprising
at least one multi-site contact fungicide, a first systemic fungicide and a second
systemic fungicide.
In this aspect, the multi-site contact fungicide may be selected from copper fungicides,
sulfur fungicides, dithiocarbamate fungicides, phthalimide fungicides, chloronitrile
fungicides, sulfamide fungicides, guanidine fungicides, triazines fungicides and quinone
fungicides.
The copper fungicides of this aspect are inorganic compounds containing copper,
typically in the copper (II) oxidation state and are preferably selected from copper
oxychloride, copper sulfate, copper hydroxide and tribasic copper sulfate (Bordeaux
mixture).
The sulfur fungicides of this aspect are inorganic chemicals containing rings or chains
of sulfur atoms and is preferably elemental sulfur.
The dithiocarbamate fungicides of this aspect contain a dithiocarbamate molecular
moiety and are selected from amobam, asomate, azithiram, carbamorph, cufraneb,
cuprobam, disulfiram, ferbam, metam, nabam, tecoram, thiram, urbacide, ziram,
dazomet, etem, milneb, mancopper, mancozeb, maneb, metiram, polycarbamate,
propineb and zineb.
The phthalimide fungicides of this aspect contain a phthalimide molecular moiety and
are selected from folpet, captan and captafol.
The chloronitrile fungicide of this aspect comprises an aromatic ring substituted with
chloro- and cyano-substituents and is preferably chlorothalonil.
The sulfamide fungicides of this aspect are preferably selected from dichlofluanid and
tolylfluanid.
The guanidine fungicides of this aspect are preferably selected from dodine, guazantine
and iminoctaadine.

The triazine fungicide of this aspect is preferably anilazine.
The quinone fungicide of this aspect is preferably dithianon.
In an embodiment, the multi-site contact fungicide of this aspect is preferably selected
from (a) a dithiocarbamate fungicide selected from amobam, asomate, azithiram,
carbamorph, cufraneb, cuprobam, disulfiram, ferbam, metam, nabam, tecoram, thiram,
urbacide, ziram, dazomet, etem, milneb, mancopper, mancozeb, maneb, metiram,
polycarbamate, propineb and zineb; and (b) a chloronitrile fungicide, which is
chlorothalonil.
Thus, in this aspect, the present invention provides a fungicidal combination
comprising:
(i) a multi-site contact fungicide selected from (a) a dithiocarbamate fungicide
selected from amobam, asomate, azithiram, carbamorph, cufraneb,
cuprobam, disulfiram, ferbam, metam, nabam, tecoram, thiram, urbacide,
ziram, dazomet, etem, milneb, mancopper, mancozeb, maneb, metiram,
polycarbamate, propineb and zineb; or (b) a chloronitrile fungicide, which is
chlorothalonil and combinations thereof;
(ii) a first systemic fungicide selected from a quinone outside inhibitor, a quinone
inside inhibitor, demethylation inhibitor and succinate dehydrogenase
inhibitor; and
(iii)a second systemic fungicide selected from a quinone outside inhibitor, a quinone
inside inhibitor, demethylation inhibitor and succinate dehydrogenase
inhibitor.
In an embodiment, the first and second systemic fungicides are preferably different
from each other.
In an embodiment, when the multi-site contact fungicide is a combination of mancozeb
and chlorothalonil, the preferred systemic fungicide is at least one systemic fungicide

selected from quinone outside inhibitor, quinone inside inhibitor, demethylation
inhibitor or a succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor.
In a preferred embodiment, the first and second systemic fungicides are selected from
different classes of systemic fungicides. For example:
(i) when the first systemic fungicide is a demethylation inhibitor, the second
systemic fungicide is selected from a quinone outside inhibitor, a quinone
inside inhibitor and succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor; or when
(ii) the first systemic fungicide is a quinone outside inhibitor, the second systemic
fungicide is selected from a quinone inside inhibitor, demethylation inhibitor
and succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor; or when
(iii)the first systemic fungicide is a quinone inside inhibitor, the second systemic
fungicide is selected from a quinone outside inhibitor, a demethylation
inhibitor and a succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor; or when
(iv)the first systemic fungicide is a succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor, the second
systemic fungicide is selected from a quinone outside inhibitor, a quinone
inside inhibitor and a demethylation inhibitor.
Thus, in this aspect, the present invention provides a fungicidal combination
comprising:
(iv)a multi-site contact fungicide selected from (a) a dithiocarbamate fungicide
selected from amobam, asomate, azithiram, carbamorph, cufraneb,
cuprobam, disulfiram, ferbam, metam, nabam, tecoram, thiram, urbacide,
ziram, dazomet, etem, milneb, mancopper, mancozeb, maneb, metiram,
polycarbamate, propineb and zineb; or (b) a chloronitrile fungicide, which is
chlorothalonil or combination thereof;
(v) a first systemic fungicide selected from a quinone outside inhibitor, a quinone
inside inhibitor, demethylation inhibitor and succinate dehydrogenase
inhibitor; and

(v) a second systemic fungicide selected from a quinone outside inhibitor, a quinone
inside inhibitor, demethylation inhibitor and succinate dehydrogenase
inhibitor;
such that (a) when the first systemic fungicide is a demethylation inhibitor,
the second systemic fungicide is selected from a quinone outside inhibitor, a
quinone inside inhibitor and succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor; or when (b)
the first systemic fungicide is a quinone outside inhibitor, the second
systemic fungicide is selected from a quinone inside inhibitor, demethylation
inhibitor and succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor; or when (c) the first
systemic fungicide is a quinone inside inhibitor, the second systemic
fungicide is selected from a quinone outside inhibitor, a demethylation
v inhibitor and a succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor; or when (d) the first
systemic fungicide is a succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor, the second
systemic fungicide is selected from a quinone outside inhibitor, a quinone
inside inhibitor and a demethylation inhibitor; or (e) when the multi-site
contact fungicide is a combination of mancozeb and chlorothalonil, the
systemic fungicide is at least one of a quinone outside inhibitor, a quinone
inside inhibitor, a succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor and a demethylation
inhibitor
In a preferred embodiment, the preferred quinone outside inhibitor is a strobilurin
fungicide and the preferred demethylation inhibitor is a conazole fungicide. In this
embodiment, the preferred dithiocarbamate is selected from the group consisting of
thiram, ziram, mancozeb, maneb, metiram, propineb and zineb.
Therefore, in this embodiment, the present invention provides a fungicidal combination
comprising at least one multi-site contact fungicide selected from thiram, ziram,
mancozeb, maneb, metiram, propineb, zineb and chlorothalonil or combinations thereof;
at least one strobilurin fungicide and at least one conazole fungicide.

In an embodiment, the preferred dithiocarbamate is mancozeb. In this embodiment, the
preferred strobilurin fungicide is selected from trifloxystrobin, picoxystrobin,
azoxystrobin or pyraclostrobin, while the preferred conazole fungicide is selected from
prothioconazole, tebuconazole, cyproconazole, epoxiconazole, metconazole and
tebuconazole.
Thus, in this embodiment, the present invention provides a fungicidal combination
comprising mancozeb or chlorothalonil or combinations thereof; at least one strobilurin
fungicide selected from trifloxystrobin, picoxystrobin, azoxystrobin or pyraclostrobin
and at least one conazole fungicide selected from prothioconazole, tebuconazole,
cyproconazole, epoxiconazole, metconazole and tebuconazole.
In one embodiment, the preferred strobilurin is trifloxystrobin and the preferred
conazole is prothioconazole. Thus, in this embodiment, the present invention provides a
fungicidal combination comprising mancozeb or chlorothalonil; trifloxystrobin and
prothioconazole.
In one embodiment, the preferred strobilurin is picoxystrobin and the preferred conazole
is tebuconazole. Thus, in this embodiment, the present invention provides a fungicidal
combination comprising mancozeb or chlorothalonil; picoxystrobin and tebuconazole.
In one embodiment, the preferred strobilurin is picoxystrobin and the preferred conazole
is cyproconazole. Thus, in this embodiment, the present invention provides a fungicidal
combination comprising mancozeb or chlorothalonil; picoxystrobin and cyproconazole.
In one embodiment, the preferred strobilurin is azoxystrobin and the preferred conazole
is cyproconazole. Thus, in this embodiment, the present invention provides a fungicidal
combination comprising mancozeb or chlorothalonil; azoxystrobin and cyproconazole.
In one embodiment, the preferred strobilurin is pyraclostrobin and the preferred
conazole is epoxiconazole. Thus, in this embodiment, the present invention provides a
fungicidal combination comprising mancozeb or chlorothalonil; pyraclostrobin and
epoxiconazole.

In one embodiment, the preferred strobilurin is pyraclostrobin and the preferred
conazole is tebuconazole. Thus, in this embodiment, the present invention provides a
fungicidal combination comprising mancozeb or chlorothalonil; pyraclostrobin and
tebuconazole.
In one embodiment, the preferred strobilurin is pyraclostrobin and the preferred
conazole is metconazole. Thus, in this embodiment, the present invention provides a
fungicidal combination comprising mancozeb or chlorothalonil; pyraclostrobin and
metconazole.
In another embodiment, the preferred strobilurin is trifloxystrobin and the preferred
conazole is selected from cyproconazole, propiconazole or tebuconazole. Thus, in this
embodiment, the present invention provides a fungicidal combination comprising
mancozeb or chlorothalonil; trifloxystrobin and at least one compound selected from
cyproconazole, propiconazole or tebuconazole.
It was thus found that the addition of a dithiocarbamate fungicide to at least a
demethylation inhibitor or a quinone outside inhibitor or a quinone inside inhibitor or a
succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor or combinations thereof greatly increased the activity
of the systemic fungicides over the expected disease control and expected yield.
In an embodiment, the application of the dithiocarbamate fungicide may be prior,
subsequent or concurrent to the application of the systemic fungicide. When the
systemic fungicide is applied subsequently to the dithiocarbamate fungicide, such
sequential application of the systemic fungicide may be within 24 hours to 4 weeks of
the application of the dithiocarbamate fungicide. In the case of concurrent application,
the dithiocarbamate may be tank mixed with other actives or per-formulated mixtures
may be conveniently used. The addition of mancozeb to existing combination products
greatly increased the efficacy of the known combinations, thereby acting as a synergist,
improving the rate of disease control and improving the overall health of the plant.
The amount of dithiocarbamate to be applied may range from 1 kg/ha to 2.5kg/ha ,
preferred being 1.5 kg/ha to 2.0 kg/ha.

In an embodiment, the dithiocarbamate may be applied in an effective amount so as to
act as a synergist to the systemic fungicides of the present invention. However, the
appropriate amounts of the fungicides used in the present invention, whether multi-site
contact fungicides or systemic fungicides, is not particularly limiting and may be
conveniently chosen by a skilled artisan.
The method of control of the present invention may be carried out by spraying the
suggested tank mixes, or the individual fungicides may be formulated as a kit-of-parts
containing various components that may be mixed as instructed prior to spraying.
In an embodiment, the fungicides or the combinations thereof contemplated according
to the present invention may be pre-formulated and may be in the form of Water
Dispersible Granules (WDG), Wettable Powders, Suspension Concentrates,
Emulsifiable Concentrate, Suspoemulsions, Capsule Suspensions etc. However, the
choice of any preferred formulation type is not particularly limiting.
Adjuvants and ancillary ingredients may be used to formulate such pre formulated
compositions and may employ wetters, adhesives, dispersants or surfactants and, if
appropriate solvent or oil and other agriculturally acceptable additives.
In an embodiment, the present invention thus provides a composition comprising any of
the fungicidal combinations such as herein described along with agriculturally
acceptable excipients.
It is readily understood that the method of treatment of the present invention may be
used on all host plants that are infected by both Phakopsora pachyrhizi and/or
Phakopsora meibomiae. Such exemplary host plants may include soybean, Fenugreek,
Kidney beans, Pinto beans, Fava or Broadbeans, Lima beans, Mung beans, Winged or
Goa beans, Black-eyed Pea, Cowpea or Yard-long Bean, Green peas, Pigeon Pea,
Swordbean, Urd or Black-gram etc.
As will be demonstrated in the examples, the addition of a multi-site contact fungicide
to a systemic fungicide(s) for the treatment of ASR, greatly improved the disease

control as well as improved yield. The lower the mixture performance in the rust
control, the greater the additional benefit of the multi-site contact fungicide was seen.
The method of the present invention improves the existing disease control to an
unexpectedly high degree and surprisingly improves the yield obtained. The method of
the present invention also allows for greater resistance control and decreases the amount
of the actives used.
These and other advantages of the invention may become more apparent from the
examples set forth herein below. These examples are provided merely as illustrations of
the invention and are not intended to be construed as a limitation thereof.
Examples:
A study was conducted to determine the fungitoxicity of the multi-site contact
fungicide, a dithiocarbamate fungicide mancozeb to Phakopsora pachyrhizi causal
agent of Asian soybean rust (ASR) and the contribution of its incorporation to mixtures
of strobilurin and triazole fungicides [demethylation inhibitor (DMI) + quinone outside
inhibitor (Qol)]. Experiments were conducted in the field in nine locations where
fungitoxicity of mancozeb to soybean rust was determined. Two doses were tested (1.5
and 2.0 kg / ha in various application numbers for mancozeb. The effect of mancozeb
(1.5 kg / ha) incorporated to commercial mixtures was also tested. The tests were
conducted on soybean cultivar Monsoy 9144 RR. A commercially available mancozeb
750 WDG (wettable granules) formulation was used for applying mancozeb. The
combination mixtures were used as follows:



The percentage control of these experimental trials were noted and tabulated as
hereunder:



It was thus found that the incorporation of mancozeb increased the rust control of the
conventional strobilurin + conazole fungicide treatment standard. It was further found
that the lower the mixture performance in the rust control, the greater the additional
benefit of mancozeb. It was thus concluded that the addition of a multi-site contact
fungicide such as mancozeb acted as a synergist to the combination products registered
for the treatment of Asian soybean rust. The addition of a dithiocarbamate increased
disease control and improved yield of plants.
The instant invention is more specifically explained by above examples. However, it
should be understood that the scope of the present invention is not limited by the
examples in any manner. It will be appreciated by any person skilled in this art that the
present invention includes aforesaid examples and further can be modified and altered
within the technical scope of the present invention.

WE CLAIM:
1. A method for treating soybean rust in a host leguminous plant, wherein the
method comprises treating the plant at the locus of the infection with at least
one multi-site contact fungicide; and concurrently, prior or subsequently to
the multi-site contact fungicide, with at least one systemic fungicide.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the multi-site contact fungicide is
selected from the group consisting of:
(i) copper fungicides selected from copper oxychloride, copper sulfate,
copper hydroxide and tribasic copper sulfate (Bordeaux mixture);
(ii) elemental sulfur;
{iii)dithiocarbamate fungicides selected from amobam, asomate, azithiram,
carbamorph, cufraneb, cuprobam, disulfiram, ferbam, metam, nabam,
tecoram, thiram, urbacide, ziram, dazomet, etem, milneb, mancopper,
mancozeb, maneb, metiram, polycarbamate, propineb and zineb;
(iv)phthalimide fungicides selected from folpet, captan and captafol;
(v) chlorothalonil;
(vi)sulfamide fungicides selected from dichlofluanid and tolylfluanid;
(vii) guanidine fungicides selected from dodine, guazantine and
iminoctaadine;
(viii) anilazine;
(ix)dithianon; and
(x) combinations thereof.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the multi-site contact
fungicide is selected from mancozeb, chlorothalonil and combinations
thereof.
4. The method as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the
systemic fungicide is selected from a quinone outside inhibitor, quinone

inside inhibitor, demthylation inhibitor, succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor
and combinations thereof.
5. The method as claimed in claim 4, wherein the systemic fungicide is selected
from:
(i) a quinone outside inhibitor selected from fenamidone, famoxadone, and
a strobilurin fungicide selected from the group consisting of
azoxystrobin, mandestrobin, coumoxystrobin, enoxastrobin,
flufenoxystrobin, pyraoxystrobin, dimoxystrobin, enestrobin,
fluoxastrobin, kresoxim-methyl, metominostrobin, orysastrobin,
picoxystrobin, pyrametostrobin, triclopyricarb, fenaminstrobin,
pyraclostrobin and trifioxystrobin;
(ii) a demethylation inhibitor selected from trifiumizole, triforine,
pyridinitrile, pyrifenox, fenarimol, nuarimol, triarimol and a conazole
fungicide selected from the group consisting of climbazole,
clotrimazole, imazalil, oxpoconazole, prochloraz, prochloraz-
manganese, trifiumizole, azaconazole, bitertanol, bromuconazole,
cyproconazole, diclobutrazol, difenoconazole, diniconazole,
diniconazole-M, epoxiconazole, etaconazole, fenbuconazole,
fiuotrimazole, fluquinconazole, flusilazole, flutriafol, furconazole,
furconazole-cis, hexaconazole, imibenconazole, ipconazole,
metconazole, myclobutanil, pencoconazole, propiconazole,
prothioconazole, quinconazole, simeconazole, tebuconazole,
tetraconazole, triadimefon, triadimenol, triticonazole, uniconazole,
perfurazoate and uniconazole-P;
(iii)a quinone inside inhibitor selected from cyazofamid and amisulbrom;
(iv)a succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor selected from the group consisting
of benodanil, flutolanil, mepronil, fluopyram, fenfuram, carboxin,
oxycarboxin, thifluzamide, bixafen, fluxapyroxad, furametpyr,
isopyrazam, penflufen, penthiopyrad, sedaxane and boscalid; and
(v) combinations thereof.

6. The method as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the
systemic fungicide is a combination of a quinone outside inhibitor and a
demethylation inhibitor.
7. The method as claimed in claim 6, wherein the systemic fungicide is a
combination of (i) a strobilurin fungicide selected from trifloxystrobin,
picoxystrobin, azoxystrobin or pyraclostrobin; and (ii) a conazole fungicide
selected from prothioconazole, tebuconazole, cyproconazole, epoxiconazole,
metconazole and tebuconazole.
8. The method as claimed in claim 7, wherein:
(i) the strobilurin fungicide is trifloxystrobin and the conazole fungicide is
prothioconazole; or
(ii) the strobilurin fungicide is picoxystrobin and the conazole fungicide is
tebuconazole; or
(iii)the strobilurin fungicide is picoxystrobin and the conazole fungicide is
cyproconazole; or
(iv)the strobilurin fungicide is azoxystrobin and the conazole fungicide is
cyproconazole; or
(v) the strobilurin fungicide is pyraclostrobin and the conazole fungicide is
epoxiconazole; or
(vi)the strobilurin fungicide is pyraclostrobin and the conazole fungicide is
tebuconazole; or
(vii) the strobilurin fungicide is pyraclostrobin and the conazole fungicide
is metconazole; or
(viii) the strobilurin fungicide is trifloxystrobin and the conazole fungicide
is cyproconazole, propiconazole or tebuconazole.
9. A fungicidal combination comprising at least one multi-site contact
fungicide and a first systemic fungicide.

10. The fungicidal combination as claimed in claim 9 comprising an additional
second systemic fungicide.
11. The fungicidal combination as claimed in claim 9 or claim 10, wherein the
multi-site contact fungicide is selected from:
(i) copper fungicides selected from copper oxychloride, copper
sulfate, copper hydroxide and tribasic copper sulfate
(Bordeaux mixture);
(ii) elemental sulfur;
(iii)dithiocarbamate fungicides selected from amobam, asomate,
azithiram, carbamorph, cufraneb, cuprobam, disulfiram,
ferbam, metam, nabam, tecoram, thiram, urbacide, ziram,
dazomet, etem, milneb, mancopper, mancozeb, maneb,
metiram, polycarbamate, propineb and zineb;
(iv)phthalimide fungicides selected from folpet, captan and captafol;
(v) chlorothalonil;
(vi)sulfamide fungicides selected from dichlofluanid and
tolylfluanid;
(vii) guanidine fungicides selected from dodine, guazantine and
iminoctaadine;
(viii) anilazine;
(ix)dithianon; and
(x) combinations thereof.
12. The fungicidal combination as claimed in claims 9-11, wherein the multi-site
contact fungicide is selected from mancozeb, chlorothalonil and
combinations thereof.
13. The fungicidal combination as claimed in claims 9-12, wherein the systemic
fungicide is selected from a quinone outside inhibitor, quinone inside

inhibitor, demthylation inhibitor, succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor and
combinations thereof.
14. The fungicidal combination as claimed in claim 13, wherein the systemic
fungicide is selected from:
(i) a quinone outside inhibitor selected from fenamidone,
famoxadone, and a strobilurin fungicide selected from the
group consisting of azoxystrobin, mandestrobin,
coumoxystrobin, enoxastrobin, flufenoxystrobin,
pyraoxystrobin, dimoxystrobin, enestrobin, fluoxastrobin,
kresoxim-methyl, metominostrobin, orysastrobin,
picoxystrobin, pyrametostrobin, triclopyricarb,
fenaminstrobin, pyraclostrobin and trifloxystrobin;
(ii) a demethylation inhibitor selected from triflumizole, triforine,
pyridinitrile, pyrifenox, fenarimol, nuarimol, triarimol and a
conazole fungicide selected from the group consisting of
climbazole, clotrimazole, imazalil, oxpoconazole, prochloraz,
prochloraz-manganese, triflumizole, azaconazole, bitertanol,
bromuconazole, cyproconazole, diclobutrazol,
difenoconazole, diniconazole, diniconazole-M,
epoxiconazole, etaconazole, fenbuconazole, fluotrimazole,
fluquinconazole, flusilazole, flutriafol, furconazole,
furconazole-cis, hexaconazole, imibenconazole, ipconazole,
metconazole, myclobutanil, pencoconazole, propiconazole,
prothioconazole, quinconazole, simeconazole, tebuconazole,
tetraconazole, triadimefon, triadimenol, triticonazole,
uniconazole, perfurazoate and uniconazole-P;
(iii)a quinone inside inhibitor selected from cyazofamid and
amisulbrom;
(iv)a succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor selected from the group
consisting of benodanil, flutolanil, mepronil, fiuopyram,

fenfuram, carboxin, oxycarboxin, thifluzamide, bixafen,
fluxapyroxad, furametpyr, isopyrazam, penflufen,
penthiopyrad, sedaxane and boscalid; and
(v) combinations thereof.
15. The fungicidal combination comprising a multi-site contact fungicide
comprising mancozeb or chlorothalonil or combinations thereof; and at least
one strobilurin fungicide selected from the group consisting of azoxystrobin,
mandestrobin, coumoxystrobin, enoxastrobin, flufenoxystrobin,
pyraoxystrobin, dimoxystrobin, enestrobin, fluoxastrobin, kresoxim-methyl,
metominostrobin, orysastrobin, picoxystrobin, pyrametostrobin,
triclopyricarb, fenaminstrobin, pyraclostrobin and trifloxystrobin.
16. The fungicidal combination as claimed in claims 9-15, wherein the systemic
fungicide is a combination of a quinone outside inhibitor and a
demethylation inhibitor.
17. The fungicidal combination as claimed in claims 9-16, wherein the systemic
fungicide is a combination of (i) a strobilurin fungicide selected from
trifloxystrobin, picoxystrobin, azoxystrobin or pyraclostrobin; and (ii) a
conazole fungicide selected from prothioconazole, tebuconazole,
cyproconazole, epoxiconazole, metconazole and tebuconazole.
18. The fungicidal combination as claimed in claims 9-17, wherein:
(ix)the strobilurin fungicide is trifloxystrobin and the conazole fungicide is
prothioconazole; or
(x) the strobilurin fungicide is picoxystrobin and the conazole fungicide is
tebuconazole; or
(xi)the strobilurin fungicide is picoxystrobin and the conazole fungicide is
cyproconazole; or
(xii) the strobilurin fungicide is azoxystrobin and the conazole fungicide is
cyproconazole; or

(xiii) the strobilurin fungicide is pyraclostrobin and the conazole fungicide
is epoxiconazole; or
(xiv) the strobilurin fungicide is pyraclostrobin and the conazole fungicide
is tebuconazole; or
(xv) the strobilurin fungicide is pyraclostrobin and the conazole fungicide
is metconazole; or
(xvi) the strobilurin fungicide is trifloxystrobin and the conazole fungicide
is cyproconazole, propiconazole or tebuconazole.
19. A fungicidal combination comprising mancozeb, chlorothalonil and a
strobilurin fungicide selected from the group consisting of azoxystrobin,
mandestrobin, coumoxystrobin, enoxastrobin, flufenoxystrobin,
pyraoxystrobin, dimoxystrobin, enestrobin, fluoxastrobin, kresoxim-methyl,
metominostrobin, orysastrobin, picoxystrobin, pyrametostrobin,
triclopyricarb, fenaminstrobin, pyraclostrobin and trifloxystrobin.
20. The fungicidal combination as claimed in claim 19, wherein the strobilurin
fungicide is azoxystrobin or kresoxim-methyl.

ABSTRACT

A combination comprising a multi-site contact fungicide, a first systemic
fungicide and optionally a second systemic fungicide and a method using the
same.