A METHOD FOR IMPROVING PAGING PERFORMANCES fN A WIRELESS
ACCESS SYSTEM
The present invention generally relates to wireless access systems.
The present inversion opplies particularly (but not exclusively! to WIMAX. A description of WIMAX can be found in particular in IEEE 802.16e and WIMAX Porum standards.
A paging mechanism is specified in IEEE a02.16e standard. This paging mechanism is briefly recalled in relation with figure 1.
A paging message shall be broadcast by all the Base Stations (BSs) of a paging area (also called Paging Group), in particular to indicate the presence of downlink traffic pending targeted to a Mobile Station (MS) in idle mode state ond located in this Paging Group. The paging message is broadcast over the air during a time interval called BS Paging Interval,
After transmitting a paging message, if a BS does not receive o response from the paged MS, the BS shall retransmit the paging message in the next BS Paging Interval until the number of retransmissions (called Paging Retry Count) reaches a predetermined value (noted max Paging Retry Count). The period of BS Paging Interval is colled Paging Cycle.
The paging related control protocol and messages between Paging Can+roHsf {?€) and Paging Agent (PA) is specified in WIMAX Forum standard. PA is a functional entity that handles the interaction between PC an6 IEEE 802.16e specified Paging related functionality implemented in the BS. Paging related messages between PC and PA in particular include a Paging Announce message (MS_Paging„Annour»ce) sent by PC to PA and corresponding to a request for the transmission of a paging message.
With the above-recalled paging mechanism as specified in IEEE 802.16e
standard, if the MS responds to the paging message on a BS, then oil other BSs of *he
Paging Group will keep on broadcasting the paging message until Paging Retry
Count reaches a predetermined value.
A mechanism allowing to request all other BSs to stop the broadcast (also
colled hereinafter paging start/stop mechanism) has been introduced in the Wimax Forum standard and is recalled in relation with figure 2.

In this mechanism, en information coiled Paging Start/Stop has been introduced in the Paging Announce message, to indicate fo the BS when it should stall and stop transmission of paging messages.
However, as recognized by the present invention, depending on when the stop information is given to the BS, the situation after the introduction of such paging start/sop mechanism may be equivalent to the situation before the introduction of such paging start/sop mechanism. One or more useless paging messages may be broadcast after the MS has responded to the first paging message; indeed, it is difficult to guarantee reliable delivery of the Poging Stop to all recipients. Therefore there is a risk that a certoin number of DSs will keep on paging, with the consequent waste of precious resources on the radio interface, and increase of the overall interference level In (he system. Moreover, two paging messages (slop and start) must be sent.
The present invention in particular enables to solve part or all of such problems, or to avoid pari or all of such drawbacks, More generally, the present invention enables to improve paging performances in such systems.
These and other objects are achieved, in one aspect of the present invention, by a method for improving paging performances in a wireless access system, said method comprising the steps of:
• retransmitting a paging message in case of no response from a paged Mobile Station,
- performing soid retransmission at a Base Station level,
- managing soid retransmission at a Paging Controller level.
These and other objects are achieved, in another aspect of the present invention, by a Paging Controller for a wireless access system, comprising:
■ means for managing retransmission of o poging message in case of no reponse from a paged Mobile Station.
These and other objects are achieved, in another aspect of the present invention, by a Base Station for a wireless access system, comprising:
- means fot retransmitting a paging message in case of no response from a
paged Mobile Station, upon request from a Paging Controller.
These and other objects are achieved, in another aspect of the present invention, by a Paging Agent comprising:

- means for receiving, from n Paging Controller, o ,equesi for retransmission
of a paging message in cose of no response from a paged Mobile Sicilian.
These and other objects of the present invention will become more apparent from the following description taken in conjunction wifh the accompanying drawings:
- figure 1 is intended to illustrate the above-recalled paging mechanism,
- figure 2 is intended lo Illustrate the above-recalled paging start/stop mechanism,
- figure 3 is intended to illustrate an example of a method according to the present invention, according tn one uspect of the present invention,
- figure 4 is intended to illustrate the structure of a Paging Announce message, according lo another aspect of the present invention
figure 5 is intended to illustrate an example of a method according to the present invention, according to another aspect of the present invention. The present invention may also be explained as follows, hi one of its different aspects, the present invention proposes, instead of managing paging message retransmission at BS (eve! (as is the case in the above recalled prior art), to manage It at PC level,
In other words, in one of its different aspects, the present invention proposes a method for improving paging performances in a wireless access system, sold method comprising the steps of:
- retransmitting a paging message in case of no response from a paged Mobile Station,
- performing said retransmission al a Base Station level,
- managing said retransmission at a Paging Controller level.
In another aspect, the present inveniion proposes that the BS shall only broadcast a paging message over the air only once the PC requests it.
In other words, according to another of its different aspects, the present invention proposes a method for improving paging performances in a wireless access system, comprising a step of;
- performing retransmission oF a paging message at Base Station level, upon
request from Paging Controller.
In the present invention, paging broadcast is centralized for all BSs in the same paging group.

If the MS respond-; to the paging message on a BS then all other BSs will automatically stop broadcasting paging message since the PC will nol send again a paging request,
The paging message repetition is fully managed by the PC, the BSs net as slaves compared to what is currently specified in IEEE 802.16e standard.
In case the MS responds immediate!/ (dashed arrow sequence in figure 3 not executed) ihen only "n" paging messages (where "n" is the number of BSs in the Paging Group) are broadcast over the air,
In current IEEE 802,16B standard, in case no mechanism to stop paging message broadcast is implemented, n f (n- l)"(max Paging Retry Count-!) paging messages are broadcast over the air.
Moreover, the PC has only one paging message to send instead of two messages (paging stop is not needed).
In another of its different aspects, the present invention proposes, in order to fit with the ahove-rcalled paging start/stop mechanism as defined by Wimax Forum standard, to introduce a new information in the Paging Announce message sent by PC to PA, to indicate that the paging message sholl be sent only one lime (or more generally N times, with N higher or equal to 1), and no stop paging request will be sent. The present invention proposes to introduce a new IE (information Element) in Ihe message MS„Paging,_Announce sent by PC to PA. This new IE (noted "number of tries"}, indicates the number of times that the PA should fry to page the MS.
for example:
- Number of tries = 0 stands for infinite tries: The PA will continue paging the MS until it receives a Paging Stop message for ihis MS.
- Number of tries >0 implies that the PA will try at most N times to page the
MS.
The corresponding structure of the M5_f agjng_Announce message is
illustrated in figure 4.
\(\ other words, in another of its different aspects, the present invention proposes a method for improving paging performances in a wireless access system, comprising a step of:

- sending, by a Paging Controller to a Paging Agenf, paging control
information enabling management ol Paging Conlmller level, of retransmission
performed of Base Station level.
Advantageously, said method comprises a step of:
- sending said paging control information in a Paging Announce message.
Advantageously, said paging control information corresponds to a number
N of tries, by which a Base Station will fry to page the Mobile Station. Advantageously;
- a positive number N of tries implies that the Paging Agent will try at most N iimes to page the Mobile Station,
- a number N of tries equal la zero implies that the Paging Agent will continue to page the Mobile Station until it receives o Paging Stop message for the Mobile Station.
A value of N such that the PA will try at most N times to page the MS may for example be configured by the network operator, for example as a function of radio and/or traffic conditions. For example, H may be increased when rodio and/or traffic conditions are degrading, or decreased otherwise, enabling in this latter case to make the paging process foster.
The present invention also has for its object different entiles of a wireless access network [in particular Paging Controller, Base Station, Poging Agent) for performing a method according to the present invention, according to the various aspects described above.
In particular, the present invention also has for its object a Paging Controller for o wireless access system, comprising:
- means for managing retransmission of a paging message in cose of no
response from a paged Mobile Station.
In particular, the present invention also has for its object a Base Station for a wireless access system, comprising:
- means for retransmitting a paging message in case of no response from a
paged Mobile Station, upon request from a Paging Controller.
In particular, the present invention also has for its object a Paging Agent comprising:

- means for receiving, from a Paging Controller, a request for retransmissior of a paging message in case ot no response from a paged Mobile Station.
The detailed implementation ot the above-mentioned means does not raise any special problem for a person skilled in the art, and therefore such means do not need to be more fully disclosed than has been made above, by their function, far a person skilled in the art.
Another aspect of the present invention is now described, in relation with figure 5. This other aspect can advantageously he used with one or more of the aspects already described above; nevertheless il is independent and could also be used without said aspects already described above.
As recalled above, the paging mechanism as specified in IEEE 802.16e standard is such thai, when the BS receives a paging request from the PC, it shall broadcast the paging message over the air during the next coming BS Paging Interval (this interval is computed accoiding to parameters shared by ihe BS and the MS, i.e. Paging Cycle, Paging Offset).
As recognized by the present invention, such a synchronisation with the BS Paging Interval may also lead the 8S to broadens* useless and supernumerary paging messages.
The present invention proposes to use ihe following mechanism, in order to avoid such drawbacks, or more generally to improve paging performances in such systems.
As recalled above, the 8S may have to retransmit ihe paging message before receiving a paging response from the MS. The present invention proposes to manage the retransmission period thanks 1o a repetition Timer whose value shall be computed as follows in order to also minimize the radio resource consumption.
The present invention proposes that Ihe ?C shall manage retransmission of paging message in case no response is received from the MS. For that purpose, the PC shall manage a Paging Timer as well as a Paging Retry Count.
For example, the Paging Timer may be triggered when a Paging Request is sent by the PC. If a response is received from ihe paged Mobile Station before the expiration of the Paging Timer, a new Paging Request is not sent by the PC. Otherwise a new Paging Request is sent by the PC.

The Paging Timer value shell be computed according to the Paging Cycle value allocated to the MS (Paging Cycled . Indeed, ii is useless to try to page an MS outside its Paging Listening Interval. The Paging Timer is advantageously computed as follows:
Paging Timer duration = Paging Cycle,^ x frame duration + Paging Retry Correction 4- Margin
where, as illustrated in figure 5:
• Paging Ratty Correction is an additional time that takes into account the duration of the BS Paging Interval, the lime needed for the MS to re-enter the network From idle mode (i.e. CDMA ranging) and the time ihe 85 needs to process the MS response (i.e. RNG-REQ message). This correction allows for not repenting unnecessarily the paging message over the aii in case the paging message, misses the current or first coming corresponding BS Paging Interval and thus is only processed info the next corresponding BS Paging interval,
• Margin is an additional duration that may be used to adjust the Paging Timer duration in order to take into account transmission time of Paging Response as well as time the PC needs to process the paging Response.
In other words, according to another of its different aspects, the present invention also proposes a method for improving paging performances in o wireless access system, comprising a slap of using a Paging Timer whose duration is set taking into account, in addition to a Paging Cycle, ot least one of the following parameters:
- duration of a Paging Interval,
time needed foi the MS to re-enter the network from idle mode state, time needed to processs the MS response,
- transmission time of paging response.
Said method may further comprise the steps of:
- triggering sotd Paging Timer upon the sending of a Paging Request (if
management of retransmission is performed at Paging Controller level) or of
a paging message (if management of retransmission is performed at Base
Station level), - sending ct new Paging Request (or new paging message! if no paging response is received before the expiration of said Paging Timer.

The present invention also has for its object different entiles of a wireless access network (in particular Paging Controllei, Bos* Station) for performing such o method.
The present invention therefore also has for iis object a Paging Controller for a wireless access system, comprising means for using a Poging Timer wiiose duration is set taking into account at ieast one of the following parameters: duration of a Paging Interval,
time needed for the MS fo re-enter the network from idle mode state, time needed to processs the MS response, transmission time of paging response. Said paging Controller may further comprise;
means for triggering said Paging Timer upon the sending ot a Paging Request, - means for sending a new Paging Request if no paging response is received before the expiration of said Paging Timer.
The detailed implementation of the above-mentioned means does not raise any special problem for a person skilled in the art, and therefore such means do not need to be more fully disclosed than has been made above, by their function, for a person skilWi in the art.

CLAIMS
1 . A method for improving paging performances in a wireless access system, said method comprising the steps of:
- retransmitting a paging message in case of no response from a paged Mobile Station,
- performing said retransmission af a Base Stalion level,
- managing said retransmission at a Paging Controller level.
2. A method according to claim !, comprising o step of:
- performing retransmission at Base Station level, upon request from Paging
Controller.
3. A method according fo any of claims 1 or 2, comprising a step of:
- sending, by a Paging Controller to a Paging Agent, paging control
information enabling said retransmission management.
4. A method according to claim 3, comprising a step of:
- sending said paging control information in a Paging Announce message.
5. A method according fo any of claims 3 or 4, wherein said paging control information corresponds to a number N of tries, by which a Base Station will try to page the Mobile Station.
6. A method according fo claim 5, wherein:

- a positive number N of tries implies that the Paging Agent will try at most H times to page the Mobile Station,
- a number N of tries equal to ?ero implies that the Paging Agent will continue to page the Mobile Stalion until it recives a Paging Slop message for the Mobile Station.
7. A Paging Controller for a wireSess access system, comprising-.
- means for managing retransmission of a paging message in case of no
response from a paged Mobile Station,
8. A Paging Controller according to claim 7, comprising:
- means tor sending a request for retransmission of a paging message.
9. A Paging Controller according to any of claims 7 or 8, comprising:
- means for sending paging control information to a Paging Ageni, enabling
said retransmission management.
10. A Paging Controller according to claim 9, comprising:

- means for sending said paging control information in a Paging Announce
message,
11 - A Paging Controller according to any of claims 9 or 10, wherein said paging control information includes a number N of tries, by which a Boss 5tation will icy to page the Mobile Station,
1 2. A Paging Controller according to claim 11, wherein:
- a positive number N of tries implies that the Paging Agent -will try oi most N times to page the Mobile Station,
- a number N of tries equal to zero implies that the Paging Agent will continue lo page the Mobile Station until it recives a Paging Stop message for the Mobile SfaSion.
1 3. A Base Station for a wireless access system, comprising;
- means for retransmitting a paging message in case of no response from a
paged Mobile Station, upon request from a Paging Controller.
14. A Paging Agent for a wireless access system, comprising:
- means for receiving, from a Paging Controller, paging control information
enabling management, at Paging Controller level, of retransmission of a paging
message in case of no response from a page-el Mobile Station.
15. A Paging Agent according to claim 1 4, comprising;
- means for receiving, from a Paging Controller, a request for retrnnsmlssion
of o paging message.
16. A Paging Agent according to claim 14 or 15, comprising;
- means for receiving said paging control information in a Paging Announce
message.
1 7. A Paging Agent according to any of claims 14 to 5 6, wherein said paging conlrol information includes a number N of tries, by which a Seise Station will try to page ihe Mobile Station.
1 8. A Paging Agent according to claim 1 7, wherein:
- a positive number hi of 1ries implies that the Paging Agent will try at most N times to page the Mobile Station,
- a numher t-i of tries equal to zero implies that the Paging Agenf will continue to page the Mobile Station until it recives a Paging Stop message for the Mobile Station.

19, A method for improving paging performances in a wireless access
system, comprising a step of using a Paging Timer whose value is set taking inio
accounf, in addition fo a Paging Cycle, at least one erf the following foctors:
duration of a Paging Interval,
- time needed for the MS to re-enter the network from idle made state,
- lime needed to processs the MS response, transmission time of paging response,
20. A method according to claim 19, comprising the steps of :
- triggering said Paging Timer upon the ssnding of a Paging Request or a
paging message ,
sending a new Paging Request or new paging message if no paging response
is received before the expiration of said Paging Timer. 21. A Paging Controller for a wireless access system, comprising means for using a Poging Timor whose value is set taking info account, in addition to a Paging Cycle, at least one of the following factors:
duration of a Paging Interval,
time needed for the MS to re-enter the network from idle mode state,
- time needed to processs the MS response,
transmission time of paging response.
'22. A Paging Controller according to claim 21, comprising : means far triggering said Paging Timer upon the sending of a Paging Request,
means for sending a new Paging Request if no paging response is received before the expiration of said Paging Timer.
23, A method for improving paging performances in a wireless access system, said method comprising a step of sending by a Paging Controller to a Paging Agent a Paging Announce message including information indicating that a Poging message shall be sent N times, with N higher o< equal to 1, by ihe Paging Agent.
24, A method according to claim 23, wherein said information indicates that a Paging message shall be sent N times, with N higher or equal io 1, by the Paging Agent, and no Slop Paging request will be sent by the Paging Controller.
25, A method according to claim 23 or 24, wherein said information has a value equal to zero standing for infinite tries to indicate that Ihe Paging Agent will

continue pacing a Mobile Station until it receives a Stop Poging message for this Mobile Station, Of a positive value otherwise.
26. A Paging Controller for o wireless access system, said Poging Controller comprising means for sending to a Paging Agent a Paging Announce message including information indicating that a Paging messagi-J shali be sent N times, with N higher or equal to 1, by the Paging Agent.
27. A Paging Controller according fcv claim 16, wherein said information indicates that a Paging message shall be sent N times, with N higher or equal to 1, by the Paging Agent, and no Stop Paging request will be sent by the Paging Controller.
28. A Paging Controller according to claim 26 or 27, wherein soid information has a value equal to zero standing for infinite tries to indicate that the Paging Agent will continue paging a Mobile Station until it receives ci Stop Paging message for this Mobile Stotton, or a positive value otherwise. 29. A Paging Agent for a wireless access system, said Paging Agent comprising means for receiving from a Paging Controller a Paging Announce message including information indicating thai a Paging massage shall be sent M times, with H higher or equal to 1, by ihe
Paging Agent.
30. A Paging Agent according to claim 29, wherein said information
indicates that a Paging message shall be sent N times, with N higher or equal to 1,
by the Paging Agent, and no Stop Paging request will be sent by the Paging
Controller.
31. A Paging Agent according to claim 29 or 30, wherein sold information lias o value equal to zero standing for infinite tries to indicate that the Paging Agent will continue paging a Mobile Station until h receives a Slop Paging message for this Mobile Station, or a positive value otherwise.
32. A method far improving paging performances in a wireless access system, said method comprising a step of sending by o Paging Controller to o Paging Agent a Paging Announce message including information having a value equal to zero standing for infinite tries to indicate that (he Paging Agent will continue paging a Mobile Station until if receives a Stop Paging message for this Mobile Station.
33. A Poging Controller for a wireless access system, soici Paging Controller comprising means for sanding to a Paging Agent a Paging Announce message

equal to zero standing for infinite tries to indicate that the Paging Agent will continue paging a Mobile Station until it receives a Stop Paging message for this Mobile Station.
34. A Paging Agent for o wireless access system, said Paging Agent comprising means tor receiving o Paging Announce message sent by a Paging Controller, and means far, upon reception of a Paging Announce message including information having a value equal to zero standing for infinite tries, continuing paging a Mobile Station until if receives a Stop Paging message for this Mobile Station.