DESC:TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present invention relates generally to apparatuses and methods for jamming multiple LTE (Long Term Evolution) carriers using a wideband system.

BACKGROUND
[0002] Mobile communication has become one of the basic requirements in our lives. With the commence of third generation (3G) and fourth generation (4G) wireless technologies, mobile communication facilitates not only voice communication but also high speed data communication. The advancement in wireless technologies has also advanced the unethical usage of mobile devices. This in turn raises the requirement of jammers in certain sectors like prisons, classrooms during examination, etc. By nature, wireless communications are vulnerable to radio frequency (RF) jamming. But the current wireless technologies are flexible, adaptive and protocol oriented due to which the conventional jamming i.e. barrage jamming is inefficient method. LTE (Long Term Evolution) protocol stack decoding method has vulnerabilities, as the complete LTE frame can only be decoded after cell acquisition. After the mobile device is switched ON, it undergoes a cell acquisition process and for further decoding the mobiles are required to be in synchronization with a base station.
[0003] US 20140206279A1 titled “Method and system for intelligent jamming signal generation” describes wherein the jammer detects and synchronize to determine a time and frequency by decoding the protocol signal for transmitting the jamming signal. This jammer requires a protocol decoding inclusive of PSS (Primary Synchronization Signal), SSS (Secondary Synchronization Signal), PBCH (Physical Broadcast Channel) and SIBs (System Information Block) making the system bulky and costly. Additionally, each transmit chain targets a single LTE carrier at any given point of time.
[0004] US 20110223851A1 titled “Multi-band jammer including airborne systems” describes wherein the jammer includes a tone comb generator for providing repetitions of jamming signals. The jamming signals are generated with a dwell time substantially less than a burst period for the communications system. In case of LTE, the efficiency in this kind of jamming depends on dwell time and the number of LTE carriers targeted.
[0005] Therefore, there is a need of an apparatus and method which solves the above defined problems and provide hits in a cell acquisition process and synchronization in downlink as well.

SUMMARY
[0006] This summary is provided to introduce concepts related to an apparatus and method for jamming multiple carriers. This summary is neither intended to identify essential features of the present invention nor is it intended for use in determining or limiting the scope of the present invention.
[0007] For example, various embodiments herein may include one or more apparatuses and methods for jamming multiple carriers are provided. In one of the embodiments, a method for jamming multiple carriers includes a step of receiving, by a baseband module, data from one or more carriers, wherein each carrier includes a data set. The method includes a step of generating, by the baseband module, a plurality of waveforms based on the received data. The method includes a step of storing, in a storage unit, data for each carrier and frame timings for each carrier. The method includes a step of acquiring, by a selection module, frame timing. The method includes a step of selecting, by the selection module, one or more carriers having the acquired frame timing. The method includes a step of fetching , by a correlation module, frame timing for each carrier from the stored data . The method includes a step of targeting, by a multi-band transmitter, synchronization signals and a broadcast channel using the acquired frame timing. The method includes a step of generating, by a group generation module, a group of one or more carriers based on the broadcasted channel and the synchronization signals. The method includes a step of generating, by a waveform generation module, a single carrier waveform for the generated group. The method includes a step of synchronizing, by a timer module, the generated waveform for the generated group and retransmitting the generated waveform on the targeted synchronization signals and the broadcast channel. The method includes a step of resynchronizing, by the storage unit and the selection module, the frame timing for the data set.
[0008] In another embodiment, a system for jamming multiple carriers includes a baseband module. The baseband module is configured to receive data from one or more carriers and generate a plurality of waveforms based on the received data, wherein each carrier includes a data set. The baseband module includes a storage unit, a selection module, a correlation module, a multi-band transmitter, a group generation module, a waveform generation module, and a timer module. The storage unit is configured to store data for each carrier and frame timings for each carrier. The selection module is configured to acquire frame timing and select one or more carriers having the acquired frame timing. The correlation module is configured to fetch frame timing for each carrier from the stored data. The multi-band transmitter is configured to target synchronization signals and a broadcast channel using the acquired frame timing. The group generation module is configured to generate a group of one or more carriers based on the broadcasted channel and synchronization signals. The waveform generation module is configured to generate a single carrier waveform for the generated group. The timer module is configured to synchronize the generated waveform for the generated group and retransmit the generated waveform on the targeted synchronization signals and the broadcast channel. The storage unit and the selection module are configured to resynchronize the frame timing for the data set.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF ACCOMPANYING DRAWINGS
[0009] The detailed description is described with reference to the accompanying figures. In the figures, the left-most digit(s) of a reference number identifies the figure in which the reference number first appears. The same numbers are used throughout the drawings to reference like features and modules.
[0010] Figure 1 illustrates a block diagram depicting an apparatus for jamming multiple carriers, according to an implementation of the present invention.
[0011] Figure 2 illustrates a schematic diagram depicting a baseband module and an RFE unit of Figure 1, according to an embodiment of the present invention.
[0012] Figure 3 illustrates a schematic diagram depicting one LTE radio frame, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
[0013] Figures 4a-4b illustrate a schematic diagram depicting the position of synchronization signals (PSS, SSS) and a broadcast channel (PBCH) in the LTE radio frame for both FDD (Frequency Division Duplex) and TDD (Time Division Duplex) duplexing modes, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
[0014] Figures 5a-5b illustrate a schematic diagram depicting the duration of synchronization signals (PSS, SSS) and a broadcast channel (PBCH) in the LTE radio frame for both FDD and TDD duplexing modes, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
[0015] Figures 6a-6b illustrate a schematic diagram depicting the time duration for which a transmitter is ON in both FDD and TDD duplexing modes, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
[0016] Figure 7a illustrates a block diagram depicting a wideband transmitter for a contiguous wideband transmission, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
[0017] Figure 7b illustrates a block diagram depicting a multi-band transmitter of Figure 1, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
[0018] Figure 7c illustrates a schematic diagram depicting the multi-band transmission using a single wideband transmitter, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
[0019] Figure 8a illustrates a graphical representation depicting a case where the PSS position is decoded for ten different frequencies, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
[0020] Figure 8b illustrates a graphical representation depicting the grouping of frequencies with same PSS decoded position and time presented in Figure 8a, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 8c illustrates a graphical representation (800c) depicting the apparatus transmits generated waveform based on the grouping and transmit time achieved as in Figure 8b, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
[0022] Figures 9a-9b illustrate a flow diagram (900) depicting jamming multiple LTE carriers using a wideband system, according to an exemplary implementation of the present invention.
[0023] Figure 10 illustrates a flow diagram depicting multi-band waveform generation in the baseband, according to an exemplary implementation of the present invention.
[0024] Figure 11 illustrates a flowchart depicting a method for jamming multiple carriers, according to an exemplary implementation of the present invention.
[0025] It should be appreciated by those skilled in the art that any block diagrams herein represent conceptual views of illustrative systems embodying the principles of the present invention. Similarly, it will be appreciated that any flowcharts, flow diagrams, and the like represent various processes which may be substantially represented in computer readable medium and so executed by a computer or processor, whether or not such computer or processor is explicitly shown.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0026] In the following description, for the purpose of explanation, specific details are set forth in order to provide an understanding of the present invention. It will be apparent, however, to one skilled in the art that the present invention may be practiced without these details. One skilled in the art will recognize that embodiments of the present invention, some of which are described below, may be incorporated into a number of systems.
[0027] The various embodiments of the present invention provide an apparatus and method for jamming multiple carriers. Furthermore, connections between components and/or modules within the figures are not intended to be limited to direct connections. Rather, these components and modules may be modified, re-formatted or otherwise changed by intermediary components and modules.
[0028] References in the present invention to “one embodiment” or “an embodiment” mean that a particular feature, structure, characteristic, or function described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the invention. The appearances of the phrase “in one embodiment” in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment.
[0029] In one of the embodiments, a method for jamming multiple carriers includes a step of receiving, by a baseband module, data from one or more carriers, wherein each carrier includes a data set. The method includes a step of generating, by the baseband module, a plurality of waveforms based on the received data. The method includes a step of storing, in a storage unit, data for each carrier and frame timings for each carrier. The method includes a step of acquiring, by a selection module, frame timing. The method includes a step of selecting, by the selection module, one or more carriers having the acquired frame timing. The method includes a step of fetching for a correlation module, frame timing for each carrier from the stored data. The method includes a step of targeting, by a multi-band transmitter, synchronization signals and a broadcast channel using the acquired frame timing. The method includes a step of generating, by a group generation module, a group of one or more carriers based on the broadcasted channel and the synchronization signals. The method includes a step of generating, by a waveform generation module, a single carrier waveform for the generated group. The method includes a step of synchronizing, by a timer module, the generated waveform for the generated group and retransmitting the generated waveform on the targeted synchronization signals and the broadcast channel. The method includes a step of resynchronizing, by the storage unit and the selection module, the frame timing for the data set.
[0030] In another implementation, the method includes a step of performing, by the correlation module, correlation on the stored data for fetching the frame timing of each carrier.
[0031] In another implementation, the step of targeting the synchronization signals and the broadcast channel is performed by using a time offset from the acquired frame timing.
[0032] In another implementation, the step of generating the group further includes a step of creating a group set and enabling simultaneous transmission for the carriers within the created group set.
[0033] In another implementation, the method includes a step of computing center frequency for the group set and generating a single carrier waveform for the group set.
[0034] In another implementation, the method includes a step of determining, by the waveform generation module, a frequency offset. The method includes a step of applying the frequency offset to the plurality of waveforms based on the received data. The method includes a step of shifting the waveforms based on the frequency offset. The method includes a step of generating a single carrier waveform.
[0035] In another implementation, the method includes a step of targeting a set of multiple synchronized carriers at a time and other sets of frequency based on a set acquired frame timing with a single transmit chain.
[0036] In another implementation, the carriers are Long Term Evolution (LTE) carriers.
[0037] In another implementation, the method includes a step of amplifying, by an RFE unit, power for the generated waveforms.
[0038] In another embodiment, a system for or jamming multiple carriers includes a baseband module. The baseband module is configured to receive data from one or more carriers and generate a plurality of waveforms based on the received data, wherein each carrier includes a data set. The baseband module includes a storage unit, a selection module, a correlation module, a multi-band transmitter, a group generation module, a waveform generation module, and a timer module. The storage unit is configured to store data for each carrier and frame timings for each carrier. The selection module is configured to acquire frame timing and select one or more carriers having the acquired frame timing. The correlation module is configured to fetch frame timing for each carrier from the stored data. The multi-band transmitter is configured to target synchronization signals and a broadcast channel using the acquired frame timing. The group generation module is configured to generate a group of one or more carriers based on the broadcasted channel and synchronization signals. The waveform generation module is configured to generate a single carrier waveform for the generated group. The timer module is configured to synchronize the generated waveform for the generated group and retransmit the generated waveform on the targeted synchronization signals and the broadcast channel. The storage unit and the selection module are configured to resynchronize the frame timing for the data set.
[0039] In another implementation, the correlation module is configured to perform correlation on the stored data to f the frame timing of each carrier.
[0040] In another implementation, the multi-band transmitter is configured to target the synchronization signals and the broadcast channel using a time offset from the acquired frame timing.
[0041] In another implementation, the group generation module is configured to generate the group to create a group set and enable simultaneous transmission for the carriers within the created group set.
[0042] In another implementation, the waveform generation module is configured to compute center frequency for the group set and generate a single carrier waveform.
[0043] In another implementation, the waveform generation module is configured to target a set of multiple synchronized carriers at a time and other sets of frequency based on a set acquired timing with a single transmit chain.
[0044] In an embodiment, jamming LTE requires an apparatus to decode an LTE protocol stack for the effectiveness and efficiency in jamming. The apparatus is configured to utilize the center frequency, bandwidth, and cell ID information of the surrounding base stations to the target LTE downlink jamming. The apparatus has a method to transmit simultaneously the jamming signal on all the LTE carriers having similar frame timing, using a single local oscillator wide-band transmitter. As the transmission is not continuous, the apparatus gives an opportunity to target the LTE carriers whose frame timing are different from a former set. The apparatus hits the cell acquisition process and synchronization in downlink as well.
[0045] In an embodiment, the apparatus synchronizes to a base station without the requirement of complete LTE PHY (Physical layer) protocol decoding.
[0046] In an embodiment, the apparatus targets multiple carriers without missing the target time and frequency.

[0047] In an embodiment, a single wide-band transmitter is used to target multiple LTE carriers having same frame timing.
[0048] In an embodiment, the transmission done on the selected carriers is not continuous.
[0049] In an embodiment, non-continuous transmission scheme on particular carriers, gives window for targeting other LTE carriers.
[0050] In an embodiment, the apparatus can target Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS), Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS) and a Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH) without decoding the complete LTE PHY frame.

[0051] Figure 1 illustrates a block diagram depicting an apparatus (100) for jamming multiple carriers, according to an implementation of the present invention.
[0052] An apparatus for jamming multiple carriers (hereinafter referred to as “apparatus”) (100) includes a baseband module (102).
[0053] The baseband module (102) is configured to receive data from one or more carriers and is further configured to generate a plurality of waveforms based on the received data. In an embodiment, the carriers are Long Term Evolution (LTE) carriers. In one embodiment, each carrier includes a data set. The baseband module (102) includes a storage unit (116), a selection module (104), a correlation module (106), a multi-band transmitter (108), a group generation module (110), a waveform generation module (112), and a timer module (114).
[0054] The storage unit (116) is configured to store data for each carrier and frame timings for each carrier.
[0055] The selection module (104) is configured to cooperate with the storage unit (116). The selection module (104) is further configured to acquire frame time from the stored data and select one or more carriers having the acquired frame timing.
[0056] The correlation module (106) is configured to cooperate the storage unit (116) and the selection unit (104) to fetch frame timing for each carrier from the the stored data and the selected carriers, respectively. In an embodiment, the correlation module (106) is configured to perform correlation on the stored data to fetch the frame timing of each carrier.
[0057] The multi-band transmitter (108) is configured to cooperate with the selection module (104) to receive the acquired frame timing. The multi-band transmitter is further configured to target synchronization signals and a broadcast channel by using the acquired frame timing. In an embodiment, the multi-band transmitter (108) is configured to target the synchronization signals and the broadcast channel using a time offset from the acquired frame timing.
[0058] The group generation module (110) is configured to cooperate with the multi-band transmitter (108) to receive the target synchronization signals and the broadcast channel. The group generation module (110) is further configured to generate a group of one or more carriers based on the broadcasted channel and the synchronization signals. In an embodiment, the group generation module (110) is configured to generate the group to create a group set and enable simultaneous transmission for the carriers within the created group set.
[0059] The waveform generation module (112) is configured to cooperate with the group generation module (110) to receive the generated group. The waveform generation module (112) is further configured to generate a single carrier waveform for the generated group. In an embodiment, the generated waveform is a jamming waveform. In an embodiment, the waveform generation module (112) is configured to compute center frequency for the group set and generate a single carrier waveform. In another embodiment, the waveform generation module (112) is configured to target a set of multiple synchronized carriers at a time and other sets of frequency based on a set acquired timing with a single transmit chain. In yet another embodiment, the waveform generation module (112) is configured to determine a frequency offset. The waveform generation module (112) is further configured to apply the frequency offset to the plurality of waveforms based on the received data, shift the waveforms based on the frequency offset, and generate a single carrier waveform.
[0060] The timer module (114) is configured to cooperate with the waveform generation module (112) to receive the carrier waveform. The timer module (114) is configured to synchronize the generated waveform for the generated group and retransmit the generated waveform on the targeted synchronization signals and the broadcast channel.
[0061] In an embodiment, the storage unit (116) and the selection module (106), are configured to resynchronize the frame timing for the data set.
[0062] In an embodiment, the apparatus (100) includes an RFE (Radio Front End) unit (118). The RFE unit (118) is configured to amplify power for the generated waveforms.
[0063] In an exemplary embodiment, UEs (User Equipments) connected to the LTE base station synchronizes by decoding PSS, SSS and PBCH. The PSS, SSS and PBCH always present in center 6 RBs (Resource Block) (i.e. 1.08 MHz bandwidth) irrespective of the base station transmission bandwidth. Additionally, the base station transmits PSS and SSS with a periodicity of 5ms and PBCH with a periodicity of 10ms. Hence, an LTE jammer should target 1MHz transmission bandwidth at the center frequency. In this case, the jammer is required to transmit continuously if it is not synchronized to the base station. But this kind of continuous transmission reduces the efficiency of the jammer. In order to make efficient LTE jammer, the jammer requires being in synchronization with the base station continuously. As a result, the jammer has to decode the LTE protocol making the jammer complex. Additionally, if the jammer has to support multi-carrier jamming, it shall have number of transmit and receive chain same as the number of LTE carriers targeted.
[0064] In an embodiment, the apparatus (100) acts as a jammer. In one embodiment, the apparatus (100) acts as a smart LTE jammer which transmits only on PSS, SSS and PBCH, without the requirement of LTE protocol decoding. Additionally, the apparatus (100) targets multiple LTE carriers using a single transmit chain. The apparatus (100) is efficient and less complex. In an exemplary implementation, the apparatus (100) acquires PSS timing on a selected LTE carriers for jamming, target synchronization signals and a broadcast channel from the acquired PSS time without LTE PHY protocol decoding, group LTE carriers with same PSS timing, and generate and transmit a jammer waveform for each group to optimize the number of required transmit chains in the smart jammer.
[0065] In an exemplary embodiment, the selection module (104) of the baseband module (102) acquires PSS timing. The apparatus (100) configures a receiver for the targeted LTE carrier. The receiver performs correlation with the stored PSS on LTE base station data to acquire PSS timing for all the targeted LTE carriers.
[0066] In an exemplary embodiment, in targeting synchronization signals and the broadcast channel, the PSS, SSS and PBCH are targeted with a time offset from the acquired PSS time.
[0067] In an exemplary embodiment, in transmission of the generated waveform, the acquired PSS timing is maintained for retransmission of the generated waveform.
[0068] In an exemplary embodiment, in optimizing the number of required transmit chains, the apparatus (100) targets a set of multiple synchronized carriers at a time and other sets of frequency based on the data set’s acquired PSS timing with a single transmit chain. In case any frequency set transmission time is clashing with other set, the apparatus (100) initiates an additional transmit chain.
[0069] In an exemplary embodiment, the next synchronization cycle by acquiring PSS timing is optimized by capturing and correlating only on a single frequency within the data set.

[0070] Figure 2 illustrates a schematic diagram (200) depicting a baseband module (102) and an RFE unit (118) of Figure 1, according to an embodiment of the present invention.
[0071] In Figure 2, the apparatus (100)includes the baseband module (102) with a core functionality of generating the jamming waveform. The apparatus (100) also includes the RFE unit (118) with the core functionality of power amplifying the jamming waveform. The apparatus (100) requires site data (202) comprising of operating LTE bands to jam, the operating carrier frequencies per band, the bandwidth of respective LTE carrier and a Cell identification number (ID). These all parameters form the storage unit (116) (as shown in Figure 1). The cell ID in the storage unit (116) is a desirable parameter. The storage unit (116) is updated whenever there is any change in the above listed parameters. The storage unit (116) is fetched using a spectrum measuring instrument. The site data (202) is provided to the baseband module (102) via a 1G Media interface (204). This site data (202) is stored in a flash (206), with which the baseband module (102) has all the information required to configure itself. The FPGA (208) in the baseband module (102) fetches the site data (202) from the flash (206) and configure N- channel RF transceivers (210) enabling transmission and reception from the RFE unit (118). All the sub-modules on the baseband module (102) get clock and power (214). A DDR4 memory (212) is used for executing software functionality of an FPGA (208). The RFE unit (118) comprises of power amplifiers (Transmitter-1, Transmitter-2, Transmitter-3, … Transmitter-N) (216) which receives the transmitted data from the RF transceiver (210). The RFE unit (118) also has a wide-band receiver (218). The wide-band receiver (218) receives the base station signal via a wide-band antenna (222) and forwards the received signal to the RF transceiver (210). The FPGA (208) configures the RX frequency and bandwidth parameter in the RF transceiver (210) as per the site data (202), on the captured data performs PSS correlation to find the PSS timing for every targeted LTE carrier. Once the PSS timing is obtained for all the LTE carriers, the FPGA (208) shuts down the receiver path (222), (218), (210) to configure and enable the transmit path (210), (216), (220). The baseband module (102) uses a high stable clock (214) for maintaining the achieved PSS timing for all the carriers. The apparatus (100) enables the receiver path (222), (218), (210) when the storage unit (116) is updated and the hold over time of the clock (214) is achieved.

[0072] Figure 3 illustrates a schematic diagram depicting one LTE radio frame (300), according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
[0073] In Figure 3, one LTE radio frame is of 10ms duration, comprising of 10 SF (subframes) (302, 304, 306, 308, 310, 312, 314, 316, 318, 320) each of 1 ms. Each subframe has 14 OFDM symbols for normal CP (Cyclic Prefix) and 12 OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) symbols for the extended CP. Each OFDM symbol time is approximately 71.4 us for normal CP.

[0074] Figures 4a-4b illustrate a schematic diagram (400) depicting the position of synchronization signals (PSS, SSS) and a broadcast channel (PBCH) in the LTE radio frame for both FDD (Frequency Division Duplex) and TDD (Time Division Duplex) duplexing mode, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
[0075] Figure 4a illustrates the position of PSS, SSS and PBCH in an LTE FDD frame. These signals and the channel are used for cell acquisition and transmitted over center 6 resource blocks i.e. 1.08MHz bandwidth. These signals help the user devices being in synchronization with the connected base station. Hence for the apparatus (100) to be effective, knowledge of the position of these signals is vital. PSS and SSS are synchronization signals, carrying the information of the Cell ID and transmitted with aperiodicity of 5 ms. PBCH is a broadcast channel carrying the information of the downlink bandwidth, a system frame number and physical channel Hybrid ARQ Indicator Channel (PHICH) configuration. The 7th OFDM symbol of SF0 (402) and SF5 (404) has PSS (408) and PSS (414) respectively for a normal CP frame. The 6th OFDM symbol of SF0 (402) and SF5 (414) has SSS (406) and SSS (412) respectively for a normal CP frame. The PBCH (410) is transmitted over 8th – 11th OFDM symbol of SF0 (402).

[0076] Figure 4b illustrates the position of PSS, SSS and PBCH in the LTE TDD frame. The functionality of these signals remains same as that in the FDD frame. The positions of these signals vary in both the TDD and FDD frame. The 3rd OFDM symbol of SF1 (418) and SF6 (422) has PSS (428) and PSS (432) respectively for a normal CP frame. The 14th OFDM symbol of SF0 (416) and SF5 (420) has SSS (426) and SSS (430) respectively for a normal CP frame. The PBCH (424) is transmitted over 8th – 11th OFDM symbol of SF0 (416).

[0077] Figures 5a-5b illustrate a schematic diagram (500) depicting the duration of synchronization signals (PSS, SSS) and a broadcast channel (PBCH) in the LTE radio frame for both FDD and TDD duplexing mode, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
[0078] Figure 5a illustrates the time duration for which PSS, SSS and PBCH are transmitted on the LTE FDD frame. T1 (502) and T2 (504) is the start of PSS in SF0 and SF5, respectively. PSS (508) and PSS (514) in SF0 and SF5 respectively have duration of approximately 72us from T1(502) and T2 (504). Even SSS (506) and SSS (512) in SF0 and SF5 respectively have duration of approximately 72us. But SSS start position is at an offset of -72 us from T1 (502) and T2 (504). PBCH (510) has duration of approximately 288 us at an offset of 72 us from T1 (502). The time difference between T1 (502) and T2 (504) is always 5ms.
[0079] Figure 5b illustrates the time duration for which PSS, SSS and PBCH are transmitted on the LTE TDD frame. T3 (516) and T4 (518) is the start of PSS in SF1 and SF6, respectively. PSS (524) and PSS (528) in SF1 and SF6 respectively have duration of approximately 72us from T3 (516) and T4 (518). Even SSS (522) and SSS (526) in SF0 and SF5 respectively have duration of approximately 72us. But SSS start position is at an offset of -216us from T3 (516) and T4 (518). PBCH (520) has duration of approximately 288us at an offset of -648us from T3(516). The time difference between T3 (516) and T4 (518) is always 5ms.

[0080] Figures 6a-6b illustrate a schematic diagram (600) depicting the time duration for which a transmitter is ON in both FDD and TDD duplexing mode, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
[0081] Figure 6a illustrates the apparatus (100) ON and OFF time for LTE FDD bands. The position and time duration of PSS, SSS and PBCH is fixed and has been explained in the description of Figure 5a previously. This allows the apparatus (100) to transmit on required time and duration without decoding the complete LTE PHY. The only requirement for the apparatus (100) is to find the start of PSS T1 or T2 (602). Based on the requirement, the apparatus (100) can target PSS, SSS and PBCH or any combination of these three signals. In the Figure 6a, ON and OFF timing is explained considering all the three signals are targeted. Once the PSS correlation is done on the captured signal, the apparatus (100) has the knowledge of T1 or T2 (602). Based on T1 or T2 (602), the apparatus (100) takes an offset of - 72us, to find the start of transmission (604) and from (604) the apparatus (100) transmits for 432us, depicted as transmit ON time (606). The apparatus (100) finds the next transmission time (608), 5ms away from (604) and transmits (610) for 432us. This cycle continues until the apparatus (100) is physically stopped.
[0082] Figure 6b illustrates the apparatus (100) has ON and OFF time for LTE TDD bands. The apparatus (100) finds time T3 or T4 (612) as start of PSS in a TDD frame after correlation and calculates the start of transmission (614) at an offset of 648 us and transmits (616) for 720 us from (614). The next start of transmission (618) is 5 ms away from time (614) and the apparatus (100) transmits (620) for 720 us. Again, the transmission time (616) and (620) is considered for jamming all PSS, SSS and PBCH. The transmission time can be configured for any change in the targeted LTE signals or channels.

[0083] Figure 7a illustrates a block diagram depicting a wideband transmitter (700a) for a contiguous wideband transmission, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
[0084] Figure 7a illustrates the block diagram of a wideband transmitter (700a) for a contiguous wideband transmission. Conventionally, a wideband transmitter system (702, 704, 706, 708) is capable of transmitting a baseband signal (714) which is centred over the operating frequency (f0) and the information is packed in the transmission bandwidth (712). The operating frequency (f0) is controlled using a single local oscillator (708) and essentially the transmission bandwidth (712) is less than the system bandwidth (710). The baseband signal (702) is up converted to f0 using a mixer (704) and a local oscillator (708).
[0085] Figure 7b illustrates a block diagram (700b) depicting a multi-band transmitter, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
[0086] Figure 7b illustrates a block diagram (700b) of the multi-band transmitter (108) of Figure 1, where the baseband signal (716)is up converted to ‘n’ different frequencies using ‘n’ chains of the mixer (704) and the local oscillator (708). The transmission chain (718), (720) and (722) up converts the baseband signal (716) to (726), (728) and (730) respectively. The combined waveform (724) is a multiband waveform. This architecture can be used for targeting multiple LTE carriers at the same time where all the LTE carriers have same PSS timing. With addition of every new LTE carrier the architecture keeps on expanding.
[0087] Figure 7c illustrates a schematic diagram (700c) depicting the multi-band transmission using a single wideband transmitter, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
[0088] Figure 7c illustrates the architecture of the apparatus (100), where a wideband transmitter (700a) of Figure 7a is used to generate multiple non-contiguous narrow band waveforms (742), (744) and (746) by changing the baseband signal (732). The baseband signal (732) is programmed in such a way that an output of the apparatus (100) can be similar as an output of a multi-band system. The baseband signal (732) is up converted to f0 using a mixer (734) and a local oscillator (738). The up converted signal is power amplified before transmission using (736). The baseband not only generates a multi-band non-contiguous waveform, but it also calculates the offset of every LTE carrier w.r.t. f0 before generating the baseband signal. So that the individual narrow band waveform (742), (744) and (746) maps exactly on the targeted LTE carrier. The number of multiple carriers accommodated using single transmit chain depends on the system bandwidth (740) of the transmission chain. In an embodiment, the wideband transmitter (700a) of Figure 1 can be used in the apparatus (100) of Figure 1 in a different manner. By changing the baseband signal, the wideband transmitter (700a) can be configured to make the apparatus (100).

[0089] Figure 8a illustrates a graphical representation (800a) depicting a case where the PSS position is decoded for ten different frequencies, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
[0090] Figure 8a illustrates a case of PSS decoded position for 10 different frequencies. 801-820 are the decoded PSS positions for carrier f1 to f10. In an embodiment, Figure 8a illustrates an example considering a possible case to depict how grouping of carriers can be done to make a set with same frame timing.
[0091] Figure 8b illustrates a graphical representation (800b) depicting the grouping of frequencies with same PSS decoded position and time presented in Figure 8a, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
[0092] Figure 8b illustrates the grouping of frequencies with same PSS timing to form a group set. Decoded PSS position (801), (805), (809) and (813) are at same time t1 (821), hence carrier f1, f3, f5 and f7 will be combined as a group set. Similarly, based on the decoded PSS position carrier (f4, f8, f10) and (f2, f6, f9) at time t3 (822) and t4 (823) will be combined respectively making 2 more sets. The frequency set at time t1 (821) will have a retransmission in every 5 ms interval at time t6 (824), t11 (827), t16 (830) and so on. Similarly, the frequency set at time t2 (822) and t3 (823) will be retransmitted at time (t7 (825), t12 (828), t17 (831) and so on) and (t8 (826), t13 (829), t18 (832) and so on) respectively. The grouping of frequencies explained is based on the case taken in Figure8a.
[0093] Figure 8c illustrates a graphical representation (800c) depicting the apparatus (100) transmits generated waveform based on the grouping and transmit time achieved as in Figure 8b, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
[0094] Figure 8c illustrates the apparatus (100) transmits the generated waveform based on the grouping and transmit time achieved as in Figure 8b. The waveform (833), (835) and (837) are generated for the three generated frequency set before as a case. All these generated waveforms are up converted to the frequency f0 (834), (836) and (838). In an embodiment, the waveform generation is indigenous. The centre frequency of the apparatus (100), (834), (836) and (838) can be same or different based on the system bandwidth and the LTE carriers. For ease of explanation (834), (836) and (838) are considered same. The waveform (833) targets frequencies f1, f3, f5 and f7 are transmitted over time t1, t6, t11, t16 and so on. The transmission time of this waveform depends on the duplexing mode explained earlier in Figure 6. The apparatus (100) transmits bandwidth on individual carrier is 1MHz irrespective of any LTE downlink bandwidth. The waveform (835) targeting frequencies f2, f6 and f9 are transmitted over time t3, t8, t13, t18 and so on. Similarly, the waveform (837) targeted for frequency f4, f8 and f10 are transmitted over time t2, t7, t12, t17 and so on. This case explained how a single wideband transmitter can be used in the apparatus (100) for targeting multiple LTE carriers. For any exceptional and corner cases additional wideband transmitter can be utilized to meet the requirement of jamming all the targeted LTE carriers.

[0095] Figures 9a-9b illustrate a flow diagram (900) depicting jamming multiple LTE carriers using a wideband system, according to an exemplary implementation of the present invention.
[0096] In Figure 9a, the flow diagram (900) starts at a step (902), load site data. In an embodiment, the site data (902) is loaded to the apparatus (100) comprising of operating LTE bands to jam, the operating carrier frequencies per band, the bandwidth of respective LTE carrier and the Cell ID of each carrier. The desirable cell ID in the site data (902) would be from the base station closer to the apparatus (100). The apparatus (100) configures itself in a receive mode. At a step (904), capture data on the specified frequency (LTE carrier) and bandwidth. In an embodiment, the apparatus (100) captures the data (904) on one of the specified carriers and bandwidth, then on the captured data PSS correlation is to be performed. At a step (906), correlation of the captured data with PSS obtained from the site data (902). In an embodiment, the possible PSS values are 0, 1 and 2. The surrounding base station having all combination of PSS for the same carrier and the base stations with same carrier will have same PSS timing. Therefore, achieving PSS timing from any one base station in a particular carrier will suffice. At a step (908), find and store PSS timing with respect to the start of data captured. In an embodiment, the PSS timing is obtained for a single carrier will be stored. This process of achieving PSS timing will be continued till the jammer has all the targeted carriers PSS timings. In an embodiment, the apparatus (100) checks whether the PSS timing is obtained for all carriers or not. If it is not obtained, the process will repeat from the step (904), else go to a step (912). At the step (912), sort carriers with same PSS timing and duplex mode. In an embodiment, the carriers are sorted based on the duplex mode and same decoded PSS timing. At a step (914), make set of carriers with same PSS timing and the duplex mode. In an embodiment, the carriers with same decoded PSS timing and duplex mode are made a set. At a step (916), find centre frequency and bandwidth for each set. In an embodiment, for each set required transmission bandwidth and centre frequency are calculated. At a step (920), the apparatus (100) checks whether the transmission bandwidth is greater than the bandwidth of each set or not. If the calculated transmission bandwidth of any set is greater than system bandwidth, then the set is divided into multiple sets such that transmission bandwidth of each new set formed is less than the system bandwidth ((922), (918)). Now the apparatus (100) has a set of carriers with same decoded PSS timing and set bandwidth less than the system bandwidth (A) (924).
[0097] At a step (926), the apparatus (100) checks whether the duplex mode is equal to FDD. If it is not equal to the FDD, it goes to a step (928) which is explained in Figure 9b. If the duplex mode is equal to the FDD, the apparatus (100) sorts all the FDD sets as per PSS timing, as shown at a step (930). In an embodiment, as the apparatus (100) has different transmission window for FDD and TDD, it is required to segregate the whole set in two domains, one set for FDD and other for TDD ((926), (928)). In an embodiment, in the step (930), all the FDD sets are sorted in an ascending form of decoded PSS timing and between two consecutive set the decoded PSS timing difference is calculated in a step (932). In an embodiment, at the step (932), the apparatus (100) finds the PSS timing difference between the consecutive sorted sets. At a step (934), the apparatus (100) checks whether the PSS timing difference is greater than the 450us. If it is not greater than the 450 us, the apparatus (100) goes to a step (936) and starts a process. If it is greater than 450 us, the apparatus (100), initializes one transmit chain. In an embodiment, likewise, for a TDD set, also the difference in decoded PSS timing is calculated ((968), (970), (972)) as shown in the Figure 9b. If the difference in decoded PSS timing among sets for FDD and TDD is less than 450us and 750us respectively, the apparatus (100) considers the jamming of all three LTE signals (PSS, SSS and PBCH), then the apparatus (100) initializes one more transmit chain ((934), (936), (962), (966), (944), (974), (976), (978),(964)). The apparatus (100) also checks for availability of transmission slot for a particular set on already initialized transmitter chain ((942), (940)). At the end of this process, the apparatus (100) have the number of transmitter chains required for targeted LTE carriers, the sequence of frequency set to be transmitted on each transmit chain. In an embodiment, at a step (946), the apparatus (100) updates the set, sequence of transmission per transmit chain. At a step (948), the apparatus (100) configures the transmit chains with calculated centre frequency and bandwidth. At a step (950), the apparatus (100) generates and transmits the multi-band transform per transmission chain. At a step (952), the apparatus (100) targets the next of frequencies. At a step (954), the apparatus (100) maintains the PSS timing using a high stable clock or 1PPS (Parts Per Second). In an embodiment, the apparatus (100) configures the centre frequency for each set, transmit the generated waveform for that set, then frequency hop for other frequency set in the same transmit chain ((948), (950), (952)). This process can done for all the initialized transmit chain. The waveform generated for each set is stored for the next transmission and the apparatus (100) also maintain the PSS timing (954) for the next transmission using a high stable clock or any 1PPS (Parts Per Second) reference signal. The apparatus (100) is in the transmit mode until a new LTE targeted carrier is added.
[0098] In Figure 9b, if the bandwidth of each set is greater than the transmitter bandwidth, the apparatus performs a step (B) (922). At a step (956), where the apparatus (100) splits the frequency set based on the bandwidth of the transmitter. At a step (958), the apparatus (100) updates the carrier set. After updation, the apparatus (100) performs the step (918) (C), as shown in the Figure 9a.
[0099] If the PSS timing difference is not greater than the 450 us, the apparatus (100) performs the step (936). At a step (960), the apparatus (100) sorts out the sets whose PSS timing difference is not meeting. At a step (962), the apparatus (100) checks if any transmission chain has 400us OFF time at the PSS timing of the set. If the transmission chain has 400us OFF time, then the apparatus (100) goes to a step (F) (942). If the transmission chain has not 400us OFF time, the apparatus (100) initializes one or more transmit chain, as shown at a step (966). Further, the apparatus (100) goes to a step (I) (964).
[00100] From the step (E) (928), the apparatus (100) further performs steps. At a step (968), these frequency sets are of the TDD band. At a step (970), the apparatus (100) sorts all the TDD sets as per PSS timing. At a step (972), the apparatus (100) finds the PSS timing difference the consecutive sorted sets. At a step (974), the apparatus (100) checks whether the PSS timing difference is greater than 750 us. If it is not greater, the apparatus (100) sorts out the sets whose PSS timing difference is not meeting, as shown at a step (976). If it is greater, the apparatus (100) again checks if any transmission chain has 750 us OFF time at the PSS timing of the set. If the transmission chain has not OFF time, the apparatus goes to the step (I) (964), else to the step (H) (940).

[00101] Figure 10 illustrates a flow diagram (1000) depicting multi-band waveform generation in the baseband, according to an exemplary implementation of the present invention.
[00102] Figure 10 illustrates a flow diagram (1000) for generation of the generated/jamming waveform for a set having LTE carriers same decoded PSS timing. At a step (1002), the apparatus (100) sorts the frequencies in the set with same PSS timing. At a step (1004), the apparatus (100) calculates the bandwidth bw=fcmax - fcmin. At a step (1006), the apparatus (100) oversamples and filters the single carrier jammer waveform (seed sample). At a step (1008), the apparatus (100) calculates the centre frequency: f0= (fcmin+ fcmax)/2. At a step (1010), the apparatus (100) calculates the offset of all the frequencies in the set with respect to f0. At a step (1012), the apparatus (100) applies frequency shifting to the oversampled and filtered waveform as per the offset obtained. At a step (1014), the apparatus (100) stores the frequency offset waveform (1014). At a step (1016), the apparatus (100) checks whether all the offset is applied or not. If all the offset is not applied, the apparatus (100) again repeat the process from the step (1012). If all the offset is applied, the apparatus (100) combines all the frequency offset waveform, as shown at a step (1018) and the process ends.
[00103] In an exemplary embodiment, once the set is finalized as in the step (946) of Figure 9, all the carriers within the set are sorted (1002). For the intended set bandwidth is calculated (1004). The apparatus (100) has stored samples for bandwidth 1MHz, sampled at 1.92 MHz and sample duration of 1 OFDM symbol i.e. 71.4us. This stored sample is referred as seed sample. The seed sample is oversampled and filtered (1006). The oversampling factor depends on the bandwidth calculated in (1004). The oversampled and filtered signal is stored temporarily. Then the apparatus (100) calculates the centre frequency for the set (1008). The frequency offset of each carrier within the set is calculated with respect to the centre frequency (1010). The calculated offset as frequency shift is applied to the temporarily stored samples (1012) and is stored (1014). Likewise, the frequency shift is applied to the temporarily stored samples for the remaining calculated offset (1016). All the frequency shifted samples are combined to form the waveform for the set (1018).

[00104] Figure 11 illustrates a flowchart (1100) depicting a method for jamming multiple carriers, according to an exemplary implementation of the present invention.
[00105] The flowchart (1100) starts at a step (1102), receiving, by a baseband module, data from one or more carriers, wherein each carrier includes a data set. In an embodiment, a baseband module (102) is configured to receive data from one or more carriers. At a step (1104), generating, by the baseband module, a plurality of waveforms based on the received data. In an embodiment, a baseband module (102) is configured to generate a plurality of waveforms based on the received data. At a step (1106), storing, in a storage unit, data for each carrier and frame timings for each carrier. In an embodiment, a storage unit(116) is configured to store data for each carrier and frame timings for each carrier. At a step (1108), acquiring, by a selection module, frame timing. In an embodiment, a selection module (104) is configured to acquire frame timing. At a step (1110), selecting, by the selection module, one or more carriers having the acquired frame timing. In an embodiment, the selection module (104) is configured to select one or more carriers having the acquired frame timing. At a step (1112), fetching, for a correlation module (106), frame timing for each carrier from the stored data. In an embodiment, a correlation module (106) is configured to fetch frame timing for each carrier from the stored data. At a step (1114), targeting, by a multi-band transmitter, synchronization signals and a broadcast channel using the acquired frame timing. In an embodiment, a multi-band transmitter (108) is configured to target synchronization signals and a broadcast channel using the acquired frame timing. At a step (1116), generating, by a group generation module (110), a group of one or more carriers based on the broadcasted channel and the synchronization signals. In an embodiment, a group generation module (110) is configured to generate a group of one or more carriers based on the broadcasted channel and the synchronization signals. At a step (1118), generating, by a waveform generation module, a single carrier waveform for the generated group. In an embodiment, a waveform generation module (112) is configured to a single carrier waveform for the generated group. At a step (1120), synchronizing, by a timer module, the generated waveform for the generated group and retransmitting the generated waveform on the targeted synchronization signals and the broadcast channel. In an embodiment, a timer module (114) is configured to synchronize the generated waveform for the generated group and retransmitting the generated waveform on the targeted synchronization signals and the broadcast channel. At a step (1122), resynchronizing, by the storage unit (116) and the selection module (104), the frame timing for the data set. In an embodiment, the storage unit (116) and the selection module (104) are configured to synchronize the frame timing for the data set.

[00106] It should be noted that the description merely illustrates the principles of the present invention. It will thus be appreciated that those skilled in the art will be able to devise various arrangements that, although not explicitly described herein, embody the principles of the present invention. Furthermore, all examples recited herein are principally intended expressly to be only for explanatory purposes to help the reader in understanding the principles of the invention and the concepts contributed by the inventor(s) to furthering the art and are to be construed as being without limitation to such specifically recited examples and conditions. Moreover, all statements herein reciting principles, aspects, and embodiments of the invention, as well as specific examples thereof, are intended to encompass equivalents thereof.

,CLAIMS:
1. A method for jamming multiple carriers, said method comprising:
receiving, by a baseband module (102), data from one or more carriers, wherein each carrier includes a data set;
generating, by said baseband module (102), a plurality of waveforms based on said received data;
storing, in a storage unit (116), data for each carrier and frame timings for each carrier;
acquiring, by a selection module (104), frame timing;
selecting, by said selection module (104), one or more carriers having said acquired frame timing;
fetching, by a correlation module (106), frame timing for each carrier from said stored data ;
targeting, by a multi-band transmitter (108), synchronization signals and a broadcast channel using said acquired frame timing;
generating, by a group generation module (110), a group of one or more carriers based on said broadcasted channel and said synchronization signals;
generating, by a waveform generation module (112), a single carrier waveform for said generated group;
synchronizing, by a timer module (114), said generated waveform for said generated group and retransmitting said generated waveform on said targeted synchronization signals and said broadcast channel; and
resynchronizing, by said storage unit (116) and said selection module (104), said frame timing for said data set.

2. The method as claimed in claim 1, comprising: performing, by said correlation module (106), correlation on said stored data for fetching said frame timing of each carrier.

3. The method as claimed in claim 1,wherein targeting said synchronization signals and said broadcast channel is performed by using a time offset from said acquired frame timing.

4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein generating said group including creating a group set and enabling simultaneous transmission for said carriers within said created group set.

5. The method as claimed in claims 1 and 4, comprising: computing center frequency for said group set and generating a single carrier waveform for said group set.

6. The method as claimed in claim 5, comprising:
determining, by said waveform generation module (112), a frequency offset;
applying said frequency offset to said plurality of waveforms based on said received data;
shifting said waveforms based on said frequency offset; and
generating a single carrier waveform.

7. The method as claimed in claim 1, comprising: targeting a set of multiple synchronized carriers at a time and other sets of frequency based on a set acquired frame timing with a single transmit chain.

8. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein said carriers are Long Term Evolution (LTE) carriers.

9. The method as claimed in claim 1, comprising: amplifying, by a Radio Front End (RFE) unit (118), power for said generated waveforms.

10. An apparatus (100) for jamming multiple carriers, said apparatus(100) comprising:
a baseband module (102) configured to receive data from one or more carriers and generate a plurality of waveforms based on said received data, wherein each carrier includes a data set, said baseband module (102) comprising:
a storage unit (116) configured to store data for each carrier and frame timings for each carrier;
a selection module (104) configured to cooperate with said storage unit (116), said selection module (104) configured to acquire frame timing and select one or more carriers having said acquired frame timing;
a correlation module (106) configured to cooperate said storage unit (116) and said selection unit (104), said correlation module (106) configured to fetch frame timing for each carrier from said stored data;
a multi-band transmitter (108) configured to cooperate with the selection module (104), said multi-band transmitter (108) configured to target synchronization signals and a broadcast channel using said acquired frame timing;
a group generation module (110) configured to cooperate with said multi-band transmitter (108), said group generation module (110) configured to generate a group of one or more carriers based on said broadcasted channel and the synchronization signals;
a waveform generation module (112) configured to cooperate with said group generation module (110), said waveform generation module (112) configured to generate a single carrier waveform for said generated group; and
a timer module (114) configured to cooperate with said waveform generation module (112), said timer module (114) configured to synchronize said generated waveform for said generated group and retransmit said generated waveform on said targeted synchronization signals and said broadcast channel;
wherein, said storage unit (116) and said selection module (104) are configured to resynchronize said frame timing for said data set.

11. The apparatus (100) as claimed in claim 9, wherein said correlation module (106) is configured to perform correlation on said stored data to fetch said frame timing of each carrier.

12. The apparatus (100) as claimed in claim 9, wherein said multi-band transmitter (108) is configured to target said synchronization signals and said broadcast channel using a time offset from said acquired frame timing.

13. The apparatus (100) as claimed in claim 9, wherein said group generation module (110) is configured to generate said group to create a group set and enable simultaneous transmission for said carriers within said created group set.

14. The apparatus (100) as claimed in claims 9 and 12, wherein said waveform generation module (112) is configured to compute center frequency for said group set and generate a single carrier waveform.

15. The apparatus (100) as claimed in claim 9, said waveform generation module (112) configured to target a set of multiple synchronized carriers at a time and other sets of frequency based on a set acquired timing with a single transmit chain.