DESC:DETAILED DESCRIPTION
The present invention discloses pharmaceutical formulations of an anti-PD1/ anti-PDL1 antibody. In particular, the present invention discloses pharmaceutical formulations of IgG4 anti-PD1 antibodies in specific buffer compositions. In another aspect, the invention also provides a method to control particle formation (visible and sub-visible particles) in IgG4 anti-PD1 antibody formulation. IgG4 antibodies (eg., nivolumab, pembrolizumab), are prone to form particulate matter when being formulated as an aqueous composition. Inventors of the present invention surprisingly found that, in an IgG4 antibody, nivolumab, the particulate content in it’s aqueous formulation in different buffer compositions are similar when measured by Size Exclusion Chromatography (SEC), however formation of particulates and the rate at which these particle count increase, differed between varying buffer compositions. This poses a unique problem on finalizing a stable formulation for the antibody based only on SEC measurement of aggregate content since the underlying particulate content in the composition may vary (and goes undetected by SEC) resulting in increased number of particles in the final formulation or during storage, posing a hidden risk in the therapeutic composition. The present invention identified such risk, sorted and enumerated the visible and sub-visible particulate matter in the composition to present an optimal composition/formulation with particle counts well below the statutory limits.¬¬¬ In addition, the inventors also found that, methionine residues present at 34th position and 83rd position (as per Kabat numbering system) of heavy chain of nivolumab antibody is more prone for oxidation as compared to other methionine residues present in nivolumab. Similarly, another anti-PD1 antibody i.e., pembrolizumab is also prone for oxidation especially methionine residue present at 105th position in CDR3 of heavy chain of the antibody. The formulation composition of the present invention is also prepared in such a way to control methionine induced oxidation in the therapeutic composition.
In another embodiment, the invention discloses a liquid pharmaceutical formulation of an anti-PD1/anti-PDL1 antibody comprising:
(i) an anti-PD-1/anti-PDL1 antibody,
(ii) a buffer having pH of about 4.5 to about 6.5
(iii) one or more stabilizers and;
(iv) a surfactant.
In the above said embodiment, the buffer is an organic buffer and/or its salts or combinations thereof.
In the above mentioned embodiment of the invention, the said organic buffer is a succinate buffer or an acetate buffer or a citrate buffer or a histidine buffer.
In an embodiment, the invention discloses a method of imparting colloidal stability to an anti-PD1/PD L1 antibody, in an anti-PD1/PDL1 antibody composition, wherein the method involves addition of succinate buffer or citrate buffer or acetate buffer or histidine buffer or it’s derivatives or salts or combinations thereof, to the antibody composition during pre-formulation and/or formulation stage of the antibody production.
In yet another embodiment, the invention discloses a method of controlling formation of charge variants in an anti-PD1/PD-L1 antibody composition wherein the method comprises addition of succinate or acetate or citrate buffer or it’s derivatives or salts or combination thereof to the antibody composition during pre-formulation and/or formulation stage of the antibody production.
In an embodiment, the invention discloses a method of controlling aggregation and/or fragmentation of an anti-PD1/PD-L1 antibody composition wherein the method comprises addition of succinate or acetate or citrate buffer or it’s derivatives or salts or combination thereof to the antibody composition during pre-formulation and/or formulation stage of the antibody production.
In another embodiment, the invention discloses a method of controlling particle formation in an anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibody composition, wherein the method comprises addition of succinate or acetate or citrate buffer or it’s derivatives or salts or combination thereof, to the antibody composition during pre-formulation and/or formulation stage of the antibody production.
In another embodiment, the invention discloses a liquid pharmaceutical formulation of an anti-PD1 antibody/anti-PD L1 antibody comprising:
i. an anti-PD1/anti-PD L1 antibody,
ii. 10-50 mM succinate buffer or acetate buffer or citrate buffer,
iii. mannitol or trehalose or sucrose or sorbitol or sodium chloride,
iv. a chelator and
v. a surfactant.
In another embodiment, the invention discloses a liquid pharmaceutical formulation of an anti-PD1 antibody/anti-PD L1 antibody comprising:
i. an anti-PD1/anti-PD L1 antibody,
ii. 10-50 mM succinate buffer or acetate buffer or citrate buffer,
iii. mannitol or trehalose or sucrose or sorbitol or sodium chloride,
iv. an amino acid or an anti-oxidant,
v. a chelator and
vi. a surfactant.
In any of the above mentioned embodiments, the buffer includes derivatives or salts or combinations thereof, viz., the succinate buffer is a succinate buffer or a succinate-arginine buffer or a succinate-phosphate buffer and; the citrate buffer is a citrate buffer or a citrate-histidine buffer or a citrate-arginine buffer or a citrate-phosphate buffer and; the acetate buffer is an acetate buffer or an acetate-arginine buffer or an acetate-phosphate buffer.
In any of the above mentioned embodiment, the chelator is ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) or ethylene glycol-bis(ß-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid (EGTA) or diethylenetriamine pentaacetate (DTPA) or like.
In any of the above mentioned embodiments, the anti-PD1 antibody is nivolumab, pembrolizumab, cemiplimab or dosrtalimab.
In any of the above mentioned embodiment, the anti-PDL1 antibody is atezolizumab, avelumab or durvalumab.
In any of the above mentioned embodiments, the concentration of the antibody ranges from 10 mg /ml to 200 mg/ml of the liquid pharmaceutical formulation. In some embodiments, the concentration of the antibody in the formulation is 10 mg/ml, or 25 mg/ml, 30 mg/ml, or 40 mg/ml, or 50 mg/ml, or 60 mg/ml, or 70 mg/ml, or 80 mg/ml, 90 mg/ml, or 100 mg/ml, or 110 mg/ml, or 120 mg/ml, or 130 mg/ml, or 140 mg/ml, 150 mg/ml or 160 mg/ml, or 170 mg/ml or 175 mg/ml or 180 mg/ml or 190 mg/ml or 195 mg/ml or 200 mg/ml.
In any of the above mentioned embodiments, the pH of the disclosed formulation of the present invention is in the range from about 4.5 to about 6.5.
In any of the above mentioned embodiments, the pH of the disclosed formulation of the present invention is in the range from about 5.0 to about 6.0.
In any of the above mentioned embodiments, the pH of the disclosed formulation of the present invention is 6.0 ± 0.2.
In any of the above mentioned embodiments, the anti-PD1/PD-L1 antibody maintains at least 90% of monomeric content of the antibody after storage at 40 ºC for two weeks
In any of the above mentioned embodiments, the anti-PD1/PDL1 antibody formulation’s osmolality is less than 600 mOsm/kg, preferably less than 300 mOsm/kg.
In another embodiment, the invention discloses a pharmaceutical formulation of an IgG4 anti-PD1 antibody comprising:
i) an IgG4 antibody,
ii) succinate buffer or citrate buffer or acetate buffer, and/or combinations or salts thereof, having pH of about 4.5 to about 6.5
iii) sugar,
iv) a chelating agent or an anti-oxidant or an amino acid and;
v) a surfactant.
In the above embodiment, IgG4 anti-PD1 antibody concentration range from about 10 mg/ml to about 200 mg/ml.
In some embodiments, the concentration of the antibody in the formulation is 10 mg/ml, or 25 mg/ml, 30 mg/ml, or 40 mg/ml, or 50 mg/ml, or 60 mg/ml, or 70 mg/ml, or 80 mg/ml, 90 mg/ml, or 100 mg/ml, or 110 mg/ml, or 120 mg/ml, or 130 mg/ml, or 140 mg/ml, 150 mg/ml or 160 mg/ml, or 170 mg/ml or 175 mg/ml or 180 mg/ml or 190 mg/ml or 195 mg/ml or 200 mg/ml.
In the above mentioned embodiment, the IgG4 anti-PD1 antibody is nivolumab or pembrolizumab.
In another aspect, the invention discloses various methods to control particle formation and aggregation in an IgG4 anti-PD1 antibody composition.
In an embodiment, the invention discloses a method of controlling the formation of sub-visible and visible particles in an IgG4 anti-PD1 antibody composition, wherein the method comprises preparing the antibody composition in succinate buffer or citrate buffer or acetate buffer comprising sugar, an-anti-oxidant or a chelating agent, and surfactant.
In an embodiment, the invention discloses a method of controlling visible particles formation in an IgG4 anti-PD1 antibody composition, wherein the method comprises preparing the antibody composition in succinate buffer or citrate buffer or acetate buffer composition comprising sugar, a chelating agent, an anti-oxidant, and surfactant.
In an embodiment, the invention discloses a method of controlling the formation of sub-visible and visible particles in nivolumab composition, wherein the method comprises preparing the antibody composition in succinate buffer or citrate buffer or acetate buffer comprising sugar, an-anti-oxidant or a chelating agent, and surfactant.
In an embodiment, the invention discloses a method of controlling visible particles formation in a nivolumab antibody composition, wherein the method comprises preparing the antibody composition in succinate buffer or citrate buffer or acetate buffer composition comprising sugar, a chelating agent or an anti-oxidant, and surfactant.
In the above embodiment, the visible particles count is reduced to about 10 particles per ml of the antibody composition when stored at 40 ? for two months or at 25 ? for three months or at 2-8 ? for three months.
In an embodiment, the invention discloses a method of controlling sub-visible particles formation of = 5 µm in size in a nivolumab antibody composition, wherein the method comprises preparation of the antibody composition in succinate buffer or citrate buffer composition comprising sugar, an-anti-oxidant or a chelating agent, and surfactant.
In the above mentioned embodiment, the method controls sub-visible particles formation to less than 1000 particles per ml of the antibody composition, when the formulation is stored at 40 ? for two weeks; and to less than 150 particles per ml of the antibody composition when the antibody composition is stored at 25 ? for three months or at 2-8 ? for three months.
In an embodiment, the invention discloses a method of controlling sub-visible particles formation of =10 µm in size in a nivolumab antibody composition, wherein the method comprises preparation of the antibody composition in a succinate buffer composition comprising sugar, an anti-oxidant or a chelating agent, and surfactant.
In the above mentioned embodiment, the sub-visible particles are reduced to less than 200 particles per ml the antibody composition when stored at 40 ? for two weeks and less than 50 particles per ml when stored at room temperature (i.e., 25 ?) for three months.
In an embodiment, the invention discloses a method of controlling sub-visible particles formation of =10 µm in size in a nivolumab antibody composition, wherein the method comprises preparation of the antibody composition in histidine-citrate buffer composition comprising sugar, an anti-oxidant, a chelating agent and surfactant.
In the above mentioned embodiment, the sub-visible particles are reduced to less than 100 particles per ml of the antibody composition when stored at 40 ? for two weeks or at 25 ? for three months or at 2-8? for three months.
In an embodiment, the invention discloses a method of controlling sub-visible particles formation of = 25 µm in size in a nivolumab antibody composition, wherein the method comprises preparation of the antibody composition in succinate buffer composition comprising sugar, an anti-oxidant or a chelating agent, and surfactant.
In the above mentioned embodiment, the sub-visible particles are reduced to less than about 25 per ml of the antibody composition when stored at 40 ? for two weeks or at 25 ? for three months or at 2-8 ? for three months.
In an embodiment, the invention discloses a method of controlling sub-visible particles formation of = 25 µm in size in a nivolumab antibody composition, wherein the method comprises preparation of the antibody composition in succinate buffer composition comprising sugar, an anti-oxidant, a chelating agent and surfactant to the antibody composition.
In the above mentioned embodiment, the sub-visible particles are controlled to less than 10 per ml of antibody composition when stored at 25 ? for three month or at 2-8 ? for three months.
In an embodiment, the invention discloses a method of inhibiting sub-visible particles formation of = 25 µm in size in a nivolumab antibody composition, wherein the method comprises preparing the antibody composition in succinate buffer composition comprising sugar, an anti-oxidant, a chelating agent and surfactant.
In the above mentioned embodiment, the sub-visible particles count is measured to be zero when the antibody composition is stored at 25 ? for three months.
In an embodiment, the invention discloses a method of controlling sub-visible particles formation of = 50 µm in size in a nivolumab antibody composition, wherein the method comprises preparation of the antibody composition in succinate buffer composition comprising sugar, an anti-oxidant or chelating agent, and surfactant.
In the above mentioned embodiment, the sub-visible particles are reduced to less than 5 particles per ml of the antibody composition when stored at 40 ? for two weeks or at 25 ? for three months.
In an embodiment, the invention discloses a method of inhibiting sub-visible particles formation of = 50 µm in size in a nivolumab antibody composition, wherein the method comprises preparation of the antibody composition in succinate buffer composition comprising sugar, an anti-oxidant, a chelating agent and surfactant.
In the above mentioned embodiment, the sub-visible particles count is measured to be zero when the antibody composition is stored at 25 ? for three months.
In any of the above embodiments, the particles are induced by a metal or a chemical or by agitation or a freeze-thaw cycle.
In another embodiment the invention discloses, a method of controlling oxidation of Met34 and Met83 of heavy chain of nivolumab in a pharmaceutical composition of nivolumab, wherein the method comprises preparation of the antibody composition in succinate buffer comprising sugar, a chelating agent, an anti-oxidant and surfactant.
In the above mentioned embodiment, oxidation of methionine residues at 34th and 83rd positions of nivolumab in the antibody formulation prepared in succinate buffer comprising sugar, a chelating agent, an anti-oxidant and surfactant, is controlled better as compared to nivolumab antibody formulation prepared in either succinate buffer comprising sugar, surfactant and antioxidant, but without a chelating agent or succinate buffer comprising sugar, surfactant and chelating agent, but without an antioxidant.
In any of the above mentioned embodiments, the sugar is trehalose or sucrose. The formulation has trehalose in a concentration ranging from 4% to 8% (w/v) and concentration of sucrose is 6% (w/v).
In any of the above mentioned embodiments, the anti-oxidant is methionine.
In the above mentioned embodiment, the concentration of methionine is 10 mM to 20 mM.
In any of the above mentioned embodiments, the chelating agent is diethylenetriamine pentaacetate (DTPA) or ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA).
In any of the above mentioned embodiments, the surfactant is polyosrbate-80 or polysorbate-20.
In any of the above mentioned embodiments, the antibody formulations of the invention exhibit stability under at least one of the following conditions, at 40 ? for two weeks, at 25 ? for three months and 2-8 ? for at least three months.

In any of the above embodiments of the invention, the antibody formulation is stable and contains less than 1 % of high molecular weight (HMW) species or fragments in the formulation, even after storage under one of the following conditions at 40 ºC for two weeks or at 40 ºC for one month, or at 40 ºC for two months or at 25 ºC for one month or at 25 ºC for two months or at 25 ºC for three months or at 2-8 ºC for three months to six months.
In some of the embodiments, nivolumab maintains 90% or more of monomeric content of the antibody after storage under one of the following conditions at 40 ºC for two weeks or at 40 ºC for one month, or at 40 ºC for two months or at 25 ºC for one month or at 25 ºC for two months or at 25 ºC for three months or at 2-8 ºC for three months to six months.
In any of the above mentioned embodiments, osmolality of the disclosed antibody formulations is less than 600 mOsm/kg, preferably less than 300 mOsm/kg.
In any of the above mentioned embodiments, the formulation of the antibody is a stable liquid (aqueous) formulation, which can be used for parenteral administration. Parenteral administration includes intravenous, subcutaneous, intra peritoneal, intramuscular administration or any other route of delivery generally considered to be falling under the scope of parenteral administration and as is well known to a skilled person.
In any of the above embodiments of the invention, the stable liquid/aqueous formulation is suitable and can be lyophilized as lyophilized powders. Further, the lyophilized formulation of anti-PD1/PDL1 antibody or an IgG4 antibody can be reconstituted with appropriate diluent to achieve the liquid formulation suitable for administration.
In any of the above mentioned embodiments, the liquid/aqueous anti-PD1/PD-L1 antibody or an IgG4 antibody are compatible with lyophilization process and the lyophilization process does not impact quality attributes of the antibody.
In an embodiment the invention discloses, a liquid pharmaceutical formulation of nivolumab comprising nivolumab, 10-30 mM of succinate buffer or citrate buffer having pH of 5.0 to 6.0, 4% to 8% (w/v) trehalose, 10-30 mM methionine, 0.008 mg/ml of DTPA, 50 to 100 mM sodium chloride and 0.2 mg/ml surfactant, wherein the antibody concentration present in the formulation is in a range of 10 mg/ml to 200 mg/ml.
In the above mentioned embodiment, the surfactant is polysorbate-80 or polysorbate-20.
In another embodiment the invention discloses, a liquid pharmaceutical formulation of pembrolizumab comprising pembrolizumab, 10-30 mM of succinate buffer or acetate buffer having pH of 5.0 to 6.0, 4% to 8% (w/v) trehalose, 0.008 mg/ml of DTPA, and 0.2 mg/ml surfactant, wherein the antibody concentration present in the formulation is in a range of 10 mg/ml to 200 mg/ml
Another aspect of the invention provides a vial, pre-filled syringe or autoinjector device, or any other suitable device comprising any of the subject formulations described herein. In certain embodiments, the aqueous formulation, stored in the vial or pre-filled syringe or an auto injector device comprise anti-PD1/anti-PDL1 antibody or an IgG4 antibody, succinate buffer or acetate buffer or citrate buffer or histidine buffer and/or derivatives or salts or combinations thereof, sugar and surfactant.
DEFINITIONS
The term "about" used herein would mean and include a variation of upto 20% from the particular value.
The term “antibody” as used herein encompasses whole antibodies or any antigen binding fragment (i.e., “antigen-binding portion”) or fusion protein thereof.
The term “buffer” used herein refers to an agent which resists to any change in pH of a solution, near a chosen value, up on addition of acid or base. The buffer herein includes buffering agents, or its’ derivative, or salts and combination thereof.
The term "stable" formulation refers to the formulation wherein the antibody therein retains its physical stability and/or chemical stability and/or biological activity.
Stability studies provides evidence of the quality of an antibody under the influence of various environmental factors during the course of time. ICH’s “Q1A: Stability Testing of New Drug Substances and Products,” states that data from accelerated stability studies can be used to evaluate the effect of short-term excursions higher or lower than label storage conditions that may occur during the shipping of the antibodies.
Various analytical methods are available for measuring the physical and chemical degradation of the antibody in the pharmaceutical formulations. An antibody "retains its physical stability" in a pharmaceutical formulation if it shows substantially no signs or minimal aggregation, precipitation and/or denaturation upon visual examination of color and/or clarity, or as measured by UV light scattering or by size exclusion chromatography. An antibody is said to “retain its chemical stability” in a pharmaceutical formulation when it shows no or minimal formation of product variants which may include variants as a result of chemical modification of antibody of interest such as deamination, oxidation etc. Analytical methods such as ion exchange chromatography and hydrophobic ion chromatography may be used to investigate the chemical product variants.
The term ‘monomer’ as used herein describes antibodies consisting of two light chains and two heavy chains. The monomer content of an antibody composition is typically analyzed by size exclusion chromatography (SEC). As per the separation principle of SEC the large molecules or molecules with high molecular weight (HMW) elute first followed by smaller or lower weight molecules. In a typical SEC profile for an antibody composition, aggregates that may include dimers, multimers, etc., elute first, followed by monomer, and the clipped antibody variants or degradants may be eluted last. In some circumstances the aggregate peak or the degradant peaks may not elute as a baseline separated peaks but instead as a shoulder or abnormal broad peaks. In order to maintain the appropriate activity of an antibody, in particular of a therapeutic antibody, it is desirable to reduce the formation of aggregate or fragmentation of products and hence control the monomer content to a target value. Ability to inhibit the formation of aggregate and degradant content as measured at various time points during stability studies may indicate the suitability of the candidate formulation for antibody of interest. TSK-GEL G3000SWXL (7.8mm x 30cm) column from TOSCH can be used on water HPLC to perform SEC.
The term ‘main peak’ as used herein refers to the peak that elutes in abundance (major peak) during a cation exchange chromatography. The peak that elutes earlier than the main peak, during a cation exchange chromatography, with a charge that is acidic relative to the main peak is termed acidic variant peak. The peak that elutes later than the main peak, during a cation exchange chromatography, with a charge that is relatively basic than the main peak is termed as basic variant peak. The main peak content can be determined by Ion exchange chromatography (IEC). There are two modes of IEC available viz., cation and anion exchange chromatography. Negatively charged molecules bind to anion exchange resins while positively charged molecules bind to cation exchange resins. In a typical cation exchange chromatographic profile of an antibody composition acidic variants elute first followed by the main peak and thereafter lastly the basic variants will be eluted. The acidic variants are a result of antibody modifications such as deamidation of asparagine residues. The basic variants are a result of incomplete removal of C-terminal lysine residue(s). In general, in an antibody a lysine residue is present at the C-terminal end of both heavy and light chain. An antibody molecule containing lysine at both heavy and light chain is referred to as K2 variant, the antibody molecule containing lysine residue at either one of heavy and light chain is referred to as K1 variant and antibody molecule having none is K0 molecule. Carboxypeptidase B (CP-B enzyme) enzyme acts on the C-terminal lysine residues present on K2 and K1 variants and thus converting them as K0 molecules. As per circumstances of the case, the IEC analysis can be carried out for samples digested with carboxypeptidase B (CP-B) enzyme. In a typical stability study it is expected that a stable formulation leads to reduction in formation of charge variants (acidic and basic variants), during the study, and hence minimize any reduction in main peak content.
Pharmaceutically acceptable excipients/stabilizers refer to the additives or carriers, which contributes to stability of the antibody in formulation. The excipients may encompass stabilizers and tonicity modifiers. Examples of stabilizers and tonicity modifiers include, but not limited to, sugars, amino acids, salts, surfactants, polymers, or it’s derivatives and/or it’s combination thereof.
The term sugar/s as used herein includes sugars and sugar alcohols / polyols. Sugars can be referred to monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides. Examples of sugars include, but are not limited to, sucrose, trehalose, glucose, dextrose, raffinose and others. Examples of sugar alcohols or polyols include, but are not limited to, mannitol, sorbitol, and others.
Surfactant refers to pharmaceutically acceptable excipients used to protect the protein formulations against various stress conditions, like agitation, shearing, exposure to high temperature etc. The suitable surfactants include but are not limited to polyoxyethylensorbitan fatty acid esters such as Tween 20™ or Tween 80™, polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene copolymer (e.g. Poloxamer, Pluronic), sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) and the like or combination thereof.
Examples of salts include, but not limited to, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, magnesium chloride, sodium thiocyanate, ammonium thiocyanate, ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride, calcium chloride, zinc chloride and/or sodium acetate.
The term "opalescence" or "opalescent appearance" refers to the degree of turbidity detected in a solution, e.g., a protein preparation, as a function of the concentration of one or more of the components in the solution, e.g., protein and/or salt concentration. The degree of turbidity can be calculated by reference to a standard curve generated using suspensions of known turbidity. Reference standards for determining the degree of turbidity for pharmaceutical compositions can be based on the United States Pharmacopeia or European Pharmacopeia criteria. Here, in this invention to measure opalescence, first Formazine solution has been prepared by mixing equal volumes of a hydrazine sulfate solution and hexamethylenetetramine solution and then diluted to prepare various reference opalescence standards. The opalescence standards includes ROS-I, ROS-II, ROS-III and ROS-IV.
Nephelometry is a turbidometric method used to detect the presence of soluble aggregates or to indicate opalescence. The output is listed in terms of nephelometric turbidity units (NTUs).
“Pre-formulation steps” refers to any or multiple steps performed before formulating the protein into a therapeutic product. Examples of such steps include, chromatography, filtration, (ultrafiltration, sterile filtration, nano filtration, diafiltration, tangential flow filtration, depth filtration), or any other steps performed to concentrate the protein or to exchange the buffer to a different/suitable buffer. The filtration steps mentioned herein may be performed in a tangential flow filtration mode.
“Formulation steps” refers to steps which are followed after the downstream chromatographic and filtration steps to prepare a drug product from drug substance, the latter obtained from the pre-formulation steps.
The term “chelators/chelating agents” refers to a compound which can form at least one bond with a metal atom. A chelating agent is typically a multidentate ligand that can be used in compositions as a stabilizer to complex with species, which might otherwise promote instability. Exemplary chelating agents include aminopolycarboxylic acids, hydroxyaminocarboxylic acids, N- substituted glycines, 2- (2-am ino-2-oxocthyl) aminoethane sulfonic acid (BES), deferoxamine (DEF), niacinamide, desoxycholates, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA), nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), N-2-acetamido-2- iminodiacetic acid (ADA), bis(am inoethyl)glycolether, N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid (EGTA), trans- diaminocyclohexane tetraacetic acid (DCTA), N- hydroxyethyliminodiacetic acid (HIMDA), N,N-bis-hydroxyethylglycine (bicine), N- (trishydroxymethylmethyl) glycine (tricine), glycylglycine, sodium desoxycholate, ethylenediamine; propylenediamine; diethylenetriamine; triethylenetetraamine (trien), ethylenediaminetetraaceto EDTA; disodium EDTA, EDTA, calcium EDTA oxalic acid and malate.
The term “antioxidant” mentioned herein refers to an agent that inhibits the oxidation of other molecules and is not part of buffer component. Examples of antioxidants herein include citrate, methionine, lipoic acid, uric acid, glutathione, tocopherol, carotene, lycopene, cysteine, phosphonate compounds, e.g., etidronic acid, desferoxamine and malate.
The term “visible particles” mentioned herein refers to insoluble particulates in a liquid composition, of size measuring greater than or equal to 100 µm (=100 µm). Formation of these insoluble particulates formation may be caused by degradation of excipients present in the formulation and/or due to protein aggregation or degradation or from any leachates from the container holding the composition. Visible particles are typically measured by visual inspection against proper lighting by an analyst.
The term “sub-visible particles” mentioned herein refers to insoluble particulates in a liquid composition, of size measuring less than (= 100 µm), specifically the sizes ranging from 1 µm to less than 100 µm. United States Pharmacopeia, USP 788 particularly provides limitations/allowable particle count for sub visible particles sizes.
In the present invention, the sub-visible particles are measured by Micro Flow Imaging technique. Micro Flow Imaging (MFI) is an integration of microscopy, fluidics, and imaging techniques to quantify sub-visible particles and characterization of the same. Bright field images (dark image against bright background as result of reflection of the particle in the sample) are captured in successive frames as sample streams through flow cell of depth 100 µm centered in the field of view of camera of fixed magnification 5X being continuously illuminated by LED of wavelength 470 nm. The detection can be limited by particle contrast and pixels available. The measurement outcome for MFI is particle concentration (counts/mL) and shape/morphology.
Certain specific aspects and embodiments of the invention are more fully described by reference to the following examples. However, these examples should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention in any manner.
EXAMPLES
An anti-PD1 antibody, nivolumab, suitable for storage in the present pharmaceutical composition is produced by standard methods known in the art. For example, nivolumab is prepared by recombinant expression of immunoglobulin light and heavy chain genes in a mammalian host cell such as Chinese Hamster Ovary cells. Further, the expressed nivolumab is harvested and the crude harvest is subjected to standard downstream process steps that include purification, filtration and optionally dilution or concentration steps. For example, the crude harvest of nivolumab may be purified using standard chromatography techniques such as affinity chromatography, ion-exchange chromatography and combinations thereof. The purified nivolumab solution can additionally be subjected to one or more filtration steps, and the solution obtained is subjected to further formulation studies.
Example 1: Assessment of effect of various buffers and stabilizers on stability of nivolumab formulations.
Purified nivolumab antibody approximately 25 mg/ml in various buffer backgrounds such as in histidine/succinate/citrate/acetate buffer background was obtained from downstream chromatographic steps. To know the effect of various buffers and/or stabilizers such as sugar/polyol/amino acid/chelators on the stability of nivolumab, buffer exchange step was performed and the concentration was adjusted to 10 mg/ml. Post which, surfactant polysorbate-80 was added to all the formulation. Nivolumab is approved under the trade name Opdivo® and the currently approved formulation contains 10 mg/ml nivolumab in 20 mM citrate buffer, 3% mannitol, 2.92 mg/mL NaCl, 0.2 mg/mL polysorbate-80 and 0.008 mM DTPA citric acid. Opdivo® formulation has been included in this experiment and denoted as N1 formulation. The final composition of all nivolumab formulations are given in Table 1.
All the samples were measured for their particle formation, opalescence, high molecular weight species using size exclusion chromatography. To measure opalescence, various USP reference opalescence standards were prepared by diluting primary opalescence solution comprising formazin suspension having 4000 NTU ((Nephelometric Turbidity Units). All nivolumab formulations were subjected to accelerated stability studies at 40 ºC for four weeks. Post which, the samples were analyzed for low molecular weight (LMW) species and monomer content using size exclusion chromatography (SEC) [results are given in Table 2], charge variants using ion-exchange chromatography (IEX) [results are given in Table 3], particle formation [results are given in Table 4], and opalescence [Table 5]
Table 1: Compositions of nivolumab formulations prepared as per example-1
Sample Name Composition
N1 10 mg/ml nivolumab , 20 mM citrate buffer, 3% mannitol, 2.92 mg/mL NaCl, 0.2 mg/mL polysorbate 80 and 0.008 mM DTPA citric acid, pH 6.0.
N2 10 mg/ml nivolumab, 20 mM succinate phosphate buffer, 3% Mannitol, 2.92 mg/mL NaCl, 0.2 mg/mL polysorbate 80, pH 5.8
N3 10 mg/ml nivolumab, 20 mM arginine-succinate buffer,3% mannitol, 2.92 mg/mL NaCl, 0.2 mg/mL polysorbate 80, pH 5.8
N4 10 mg/ml nivolumab, 20 mM acetate- phosphate, 3% mannitol, 2.92 mg/mL NaCl, 0.2 mg/mL polysorbate-80, pH 6.1
N5 10 mg/ml nivolumab, 20 mM succinate buffer, 3% mannitol, 2.92 mg/mL NaCl, 0.2 mg/mL polysorbate 80, pH 5.9
N6 10 mg/ml nivolumab, 20 mM succinate buffer, 6% trehalose, 2.92 mg/mL NaCl, 0.2 mg/mL polysorbate 80, pH 5.9
N7 10 mg/ml nivolumab, 20 mM succinate buffer, 3% sorbitol, 2.92 mg/mL NaCl, 0.2 mg/mL polysorbate 80, pH 5.9
N8 10 mg/ml nivolumab, 20 mM succinate buffer, 6% sucrose, 2.92 mg/mL NaC,l 0.2 mg/mL polysorbate 80, pH 5.9
N9 10 mg/ml nivolumab, 20 mM succinate buffer, 3% mannitol, 0.2 mg/mL polysorbate 80, pH 6.0
N10 10 mg/ml nivolumab, 20 mM histidine-citrate buffer, 3% mannitol, 2.92 mg/mL NaCl, 0.2 mg/mL polysorbate 80, pH 5.9
N11 10 mg/ml nivolumab, 20 mM arginine-citrate buffer, 3% mannitol, 2.92 mg/mL NaCl, 0.2 mg/mL polysorbate 80, pH 6.0
N12 10 mg/ml nivolumab, 20 mM citrate-phosphate buffer, 3% mannitol, 2.92 mg/mL NaCl, 0.2 mg/mL polysorbate 80, pH 6.0
N13 10 mg/ml nivolumab, 20 mM citrate-phosphate buffer, 3% mannitol, 2.92 mg/mL NaCl, 0.2 mg/mL polysorbate 80, pH 6.0
N14 10 mg/ml nivolumab, 20 mM succinate buffer, 3% mannitol, 2.92 mg/mL NaCl, 0.05 mg/ml EDTA, 0.2 mg/mL polysorbate 80, pH 5.9
N15 10 mg/ml nivolumab, 20 mM succinate buffer, 3% mannitol, 2.92 mg/mL NaCl, 0.1 mg/ml EDTA, 0.2 mg/mL polysorbate 80, pH 5.9
N16 10 mg/ml nivolumab, 20 mM histidine buffer, 3% mannitol, 2.92 mg/mL NaCl, 0.2 mg/mL polysorbate 80, pH 6.0
N17 10 mg/ml nivolumab, 20 mM succinate buffer, methionine, 3% mannitol, 2.92 mg/mL NaCl, 0.2 mg/mL polysorbate 80, pH 6.0
Table 2: SEC data of nivolumab formulations prepared as per example-1
Sample name SEC data at 40 ?
% Monomer at 40 ? % HMW at 40 ? % LMW at 40 ?
T0 T1W T2W T4W T0 T1W T2W T4W T0 T2W T4W
N1 99.3 99.2 99.2 98.9 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.9 0.09 0.1 0.2
N2 99.6 99.3 99.2 98.9 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 ND 0.1 0.1
N3 99.6 99.5 99.3 98.7 0.4 0.5 0.7 1.2 ND 0.1 0.2
N4 99.5 99.2 99.1 98.8 0.5 0.8 0.9 1.1 ND 0.1 0.1
N5 99.6 99.3 99.1 98.9 0.4 0.7 0.9 1 ND 0.1 0.1
N6 99.6 99.3 99.1 98.9 0.4 0.7 0.8 1 ND 0.04 0.1
N7 99.6 99.3 99.1 98.7 0.4 0.7 0.9 1.1 ND 0.1 0.1
N8 99.6 99.3 99.2 98.9 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 ND 0.04 0.1
N9 99.6 99.3 99.1 98.8 0.5 0.7 0.8 1.1 ND 0.1 0.1
N10 99.7 99.5 99.4 99.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 ND 0.1 0.2
N11 99.6 99.4 99.7 99.1 0.4 0.5 0.7 0.8 ND 0.1 0.1
N12 99.5 99.3 99.2 98.9 0.5 0.6 0.8 1 ND 0.1 0.1
N13 99.6 99.3 99.2 98.9 0.4 0.7 0.8 1 ND 0.1 0.1
N14 99.6 99.4 99.2 99.1 0.4 0.6 0.7 0.8 ND 0.1 0.1
N15 99.6 99.4 99.3 99.1 0.4 0.6 0.7 0.8 ND 0.1 0.1
N16 97.4 98.8 98.1 96.6 2.6 1.2 1.8 3.2 ND 0.1 0.2
N17 99.6 99.4 99.3 98.9 0.4 0.5 0.6 1 ND 0.1 0.2
W-indicates weeks; ND-not detected

Table 3: IEX data of nivolumab formulations prepared as per example-1
Sample name IEX data at 40 ?
% main peak content % acidic variants % basic variants
T0 T1W T2W T4W T0 T1W T2W T4W T0 T1W T2W T4W
N1 62.8 60.1 56.0 47.4 24.3 26.7 32.0 37.7 12.8 13.1 11.9 14.8
N2 57.3 59.1 55.2 46.8 19.4 22.2 27.6 34.2 23.2 18.6 17.1 19
N3 57.6 57.1 53.9 47.3 18.9 20.4 25.6 32 23.5 22.4 20.4 20.8
N4 57.3 59.8 55.7 48.1 19.5 22.3 27.8 33.8 23.1 17.8 16.6 18.2
N5 57.2 57.3 54.4 47.4 19.0 21.9 27.0 33.3 23.8 20.8 18.5 19.3
N6 57.4 57.5 54.3 47.3 19.0 21.6 26.8 33.3 23.6 20.9 18.8 19.4
N7 57.5 56.8 53.9 46.9 19.0 21.8 27.5 34.4 23.5 21.4 18.5 18.7
N8 57.5 57.3 54.7 47.2 18.8 21.1 26.3 32.7 23.7 21.6 19.0 20.1
N9 57.3 57.5 54.8 47.1 19.0 21.6 27.3 33.8 23.8 20.8 17.9 19.1
N10 57.2 56.7 53.8 47.1 19.2 21.5 26.8 32.9 23.6 21.8 21.8 20
N11 57.4 57.5 54.3 48.2 18.9 20.3 25.4 31.4 23.7 22.2 20.3 20.4
N12 57.9 59.8 56.1 48.4 19.1 22.7 27.6 33.4 23.0 17.5 16.3 18.2
N13 58.1 57.7 54.9 48.3 18.6 22.1 27.1 33 23.2 20.2 18.0 18.7
N14 57.1 57.2 55.0 47.4 19.3 21.3 26.6 32.8 23.6 21.5 18.4 19.8
N15 57.6 57.4 54.3 47.5 19.0 21.2 26.7 32.9 23.4 21.3 18.9 19.6
N16 58.8 57.1 53.7 45.8 18.8 21.5 26,9 33.3 22.4 21.4 19.4 21
N17 57.3 59.0 54.9 48 19.1 21.2 26.5 32.4 23.6 19.8 18.5 14.8

Table 4: Measurements of particle formation in nivolumab formulations
Sample name Visible particle count per 1.5 ml at 40 ºC
T0 T2W T4W
N1 15 38 30
N2 10 15 20
N3 10 25 25
N4 10 13 25
N5 10 20 25
N6 10 20 20
N7 25 15 25
N8 45 21 25
N9 45 16 25
N10 10 20 35
N11 13 15 20
N12 45 >50 35
N13 45 20 30
N14 15 13 20
N15 10 25 30
N16 45 25 >50
N17 45 25 25

Table 5: Opalescence of nivolumab formulations prepared as per example 1
Sample Name Opalescence at 40 ?
0 W 1W 2W 4W
N1 ROS II ROS II ROS II ROS II
N2 ROS II ROS II ROS II ROS II
N3 ROS II ROS II ROS II ROS II
N4 ROS II ROS II ROS II ROS II
N5 ROS II ROS II ROS II ROS II
N6 ROS II-ROS III ROS II ROS II ROS II
N7 ROS II ROS II ROS II ROS II
N8 ROS II ROS II ROS II ROS II
N9 ROS II ROS II ROS II ROS II
N10 ROS II ROS II ROS II ROS II
N11 ROS II ROS II ROS II ROS II
N12 ROS II-ROS III ROS II ROS II ROS II
N13 ROS II ROS II ROS II ROS II
N14 ROS II ROS II ROS II ROS II
N15 ROS II ROS II ROS II ROS II
N16 ROS II ROS II ROS II ROS II
N17 ROS II ROS II ROS II ROS II

All the above formulations were also checked for change in pH. It was observed that there is no change in pH of the formulations even after storage for four weeks at 40 ?. And all the samples were colorless even after storage at 40 ? for four weeks. Osmolality of all the formulations were found to be less than 350 mOsm/kg.
An IgG4 anti-PD1 antibody, nivolumab, suitable for storage in the present pharmaceutical composition is produced by standard methods known in the art. For example, nivolumab is prepared by recombinant expression of immunoglobulin light and heavy chain genes in a mammalian host cell such as Chinese Hamster Ovary cells. Further, the expressed nivolumab is harvested and the crude harvest is subjected to standard downstream process steps that include purification, filtration and optionally dilution or concentration steps. For example, the crude harvest of nivolumab may be purified using standard chromatography techniques such as affinity chromatography, ion-exchange chromatography and combinations thereof. The purified nivolumab solution can additionally be subjected to one or more filtration steps, and the solution obtained is subjected to further formulation studies.
Example 2: Effect of various buffers and stabilizers
Purified nivolumab antibody approximately 25 mg/ml in various buffer backgrounds such as in histidine-citrate/succinate/arginine citrate buffer background was obtained from downstream chromatographic steps. Concentration of the antibody was adjusted to 10 mg/ml and subjected to conditions assessing the effect of various buffers and/or stabilizers on the stability of the antibody. Alternatively, nivolumab 10 mg/ml in 20 mM citrate buffer was formulated with nivolumab, 3% mannitol, 2.92 mg/mL NaCl, 0.2 mg/mL polysorbate-80 and 0.008 mM DTPA. The final composition of all nivolumab formulations are given in Table 6.
All the compositions were measured for their visible and sub-visible particles formation, high molecular weight species using size exclusion chromatography before subjecting the samples for accelerated/stress stability conditions. All the formulations were subjected to accelerated stability studies at 40 ºC for two weeks to 2 months, and also at room temperature at 25 ºC for three months and at 2-8 ºC for six months. The samples were then analyzed for high molecular weight (HMW) species, monomer content and low molecular weight (LMW) species using size exclusion chromatography (SEC) [results are given in Table 7 (a) to 7 (c)]. Visible particles [results are given in Table 8] and sub-visible particles were measured by microflow imaging (MFI) technique [results are given in Table 9(a) to 9 (d)].
Table 6: Compositions of formulations prepared as per example-2.
Sample Name Composition
F1 10 mg/ml nivolumab , 20 mM citrate buffer, 3% mannitol, 2.92 mg/mL NaCl, 0.2 mg/mL polysorbate 80 and 0.008 mM DTPA citric acid, pH 6.0.
F2 10 mg/ml nivolumab, 20 mM arginine-citrate buffer, 6% trehalose, 10 mM methionine, 0.2 mg/mL polysorbate 80, pH 5.8
F3 10 mg/ml nivolumab, 20 mM succinate buffer,3% mannitol, 10 mM methionine, 2.92 mg/ml NaCl 0.2 mg/mL polysorbate 80, pH 5.8
F4 10 mg/ml nivolumab, 20 mM succinate buffer,6% trehalose, 10 mM methionine, 2.92 mg/ml NaCl 0.2 mg/mL polysorbate 80, pH 5.8
F5 10 mg/ml nivolumab, 20 mM succinate buffer,6% trehalose, 10 mM methionine, 0.05 mg/ml EDTA, 2.92 mg/ml NaCl 0.2 mg/mL polysorbate 80, pH 5.8
F6 10 mg/ml nivolumab, 20 mM succinate,6% trehalose, 10 mM methionine, 0.05 mg/ml EDTA, 2.92 mg/ml NaCl, 0.2 mg/mL polysorbate 80, pH 5.8
F7 10 mg/ml nivolumab, 20 mM succinate buffer,4% trehalose, 10 mM methionine, 2.92 mg/ml NaCl 0.2 mg/mL polysorbate 80, pH 5.8
F8 10 mg/ml nivolumab, 20 mM succinate buffer,8% trehalose, 10 mM methionine, 2.92 mg/ml NaCl 0.2 mg/mL polysorbate 80, pH 5.8
F9 10 mg/ml nivolumab, 20 mM succinate buffer,6% trehalose, 0.008 mg/ml DTPA, 2.92 mg/ml NaCl, 0.2 mg/mL polysorbate 80, pH 5.8
F10 10 mg/ml nivolumab, 20 mM succinate buffer,6% trehalose, methionine, 0.008 mg/ml, DTPA, 2.92 mg/ml NaCl, 0.2 mg/mL polysorbate 80, pH 5.8
F11 10 mg/ml nivolumab, 20 mM histidine-citrate buffer,8% trehalose, 10 mM methionine, 2.92 mg/ml NaCl 0.2 mg/mL polysorbate 80, pH 5.8
F12 10 mg/ml nivolumab, 20 mM histidine-citrate buffer,6% trehalose, 0.008 mg/ml DTPA, 2.92 mg/ml NaCl, 0.2 mg/mL polysorbate 80, pH 5.8
F13 10 mg/ml nivolumab, 20 mM histidine-citrate buffer,6% trehalose, 10 mM methionine, 2.92 mg/ml NaCl, 0.2 mg/mL polysorbate 80, pH 5.8
F14 10 mg/ml nivolumab, 20 mM histidine-citrate buffer,6% trehalose, 0.05 mg/ml EDTA, 2.92 mg/ml NaCl, 0.2 mg/mL polysorbate 80, pH 5.8
F15 10 mg/ml nivolumab, 20 mM histidine-citrate buffer,4% trehalose, 10 mM methionine, 2.92 mg/ml NaCl, 0.2 mg/mL polysorbate 80, pH 5.8
F16 10 mg/ml nivolumab, 20 mM histidine-citrate buffer,6% trehalose, 10 mM methionine, 0.008 mg/ml DTPA, 2.92 mg/ml NaCl, 0.2 mg/mL polysorbate 80, pH 5.8

Table 7(a): High molecular weight content (i.e., aggregate content) of formulations prepared as per example-2, measured by SEC.

Sample name Aggregate content
at 40 ? at 25 ? at 2-8 ?
T0 T1M T2M T0 T2M T3M T3M T6M
F1 0.2 0.8 1.2 0.2 0.4 0.5 0.3 0.3
F2 0.3 0.8 0.8 0.3 0.5 0.6 0.4 0.5
F3 0.3 0.8 0.8 0.3 0.5 0.6 0.4 0.4
F4 0.3 0.8 0.8 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.5
F5 0.4 1.0 1.1 0.4 0.6 1.0 0.5 0.6
F6 0.3 0.8 0.9 0.3 0.5 0.6 0.3 0.4
F7 0.2 0.7 1.2 0.2 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.3
F8 0.2 0.6 1.0 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.2 0.2
F9 0.2 0.6 1.1 0.2 0.5 0.4 0.2 0.3
F10 0.2 0.5 0.9 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2
F11 0.3 0.5 1.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3
F12 0.3 0.5 1.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3
F13 0.2 0.6 0.6 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.3
F14 0.3 0.6 0.7 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.4
F15 0.3 0.5 1.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3
F16 0.3 0.5 1.1 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3
W-indicates weeks, M-indicates months; T0-represents data at zero time point

Table 7(b): Percentage monomer content of formulations prepared as per example-2, measured by SEC.

Sample name % monomer content
at 40 ? at 25 ? at 2-8 ?
T0 T1M T2M T0 T2M T3M T3M T6M
F1 99.8 99.1 98.4 99.8 99.5 99.5 99.6 99.7
F2 99.7 99.2 99.0 99.7 99.5 99.3 99.5 99.5
F3 99.7 99.2 99.0 99.7 99.4 99.3 99.5 99.6
F4 99.7 99.2 99.0 99.7 99.5 99.3 99.6 99.5
F5 99.7 98.9 98.7 99.7 99.3 98.9 99.4 99.4
F6 99.7 99.2 99.0 99.7 99.5 99.3 99.6 99.6
F7 99.8 99.2 98.5 99.8 99.6 99.5 99.7 99.7
F8 99.8 99.3 98.8 99.8 99.6 99.5 99.7 99.7
F9 99.8 99.2 98.6 99.8 99.5 99.5 99.6 99.7
F10 99.8 99.4 98.9 99.8 99.7 99.6 99.7 99.8
F11 99.7 99.4 99.0 99.7 99.6 99.6 99.6 99.7
F12 99.7 99.3 98.5 99.7 99.6 99.6 99.6 99.7
F13 99.8 99.4 99.2 99.8 99.6 99.5 99.7 99.6
F14 99.8 99.3 99.1 99.8 99.6 99.3 99.6 99.6
F15 99.7 99.3 98.4 99.7 99.6 99.6 99.6 99.7
F16 99.7 99.4 98.7 99.7 99.6 99.6 99.6 99.7
M-indicates months; T0-represents data at zero time point
Table 7(c): Low molecular weight content (i.e., LMW content) of formulations prepared as per example-2, measured by SEC.

Sample name %LMW content
at 40 ? at 25 ? at 2-8 ?
T0 T1M T2M T0 T2M T3M T3M T6M
F1 ND 0.13 0.3 ND 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0
F2 ND 0.1 0.17 ND 0.07 0.1 0.2 0.0
F3 ND 0.1 0.16 ND 0.07 0.1 0.1 0.0
F4 ND 0.1 0.18 ND 0.07 0.2 0.1 0.0
F5 ND 0.1 0.17 ND 0.06 0.1 0.1 0.0
F6 ND 0.1 0.16 ND 0.05 0.1 0.1 0.0
F7 ND 0.12 0.3 ND 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0
F8 ND 0.11 0.3 ND 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0
F9 ND 0.13 0.2 ND 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0
F10 ND 0.13 0.3 ND 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0
F11 ND 0.14 0.3 ND 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0
F12 ND 0.13 0.2 ND 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0
F13 ND 0.1 0.18 ND 0.05 0.1 0.1 0.0
F14 ND 0.1 0.18 ND 0.06 0.3 0.1 0.0
F15 ND 0.14 0.2 ND 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0
F16 ND 0.15 0.3 ND 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0
W-indicates weeks, M-indicates months; T0-represents data at zero time point; ND-Not detected.

Table 8: Visible particles count of formulations, prepared as per example-2.
Sample name Particles count (= 100 µm)
at 40 ? at 25 ? At 2-8 ?
T0 T1M T2M T0 T2M T3M T0 T3M
F1 8 10 9 8 11 13 8 9
F2 8 11 9 8 25 11 8 8
F3 8 11 8 8 3 5 8 8
F4 8 12 9 8 7 4 8 6
F5 8 11 9 8 3 8 8 6
F6 8 11 13 8 10 11 8 8
F7 18 18 13 18 14 14 18 7
F8 16 18 13 16 12 9 16 8
F9 18 5 9 18 7 9 18 5
F10 16 5 6 16 7 5 16 4
F11 6 4 5 6 5 5 6 4
F12 6 3 4 6 8 4 6 4
F13 8 10 9 8 5 10 8 10
F14 8 10 11 8 9 11 8 10
F15 8 2 2 8 6 5 8 4
F16 6 3 4 6 6 4 6 6
M-indicates months; T0-represents data at zero time point

Table 9 (a): Sub visible particles count with size = 5 µm of formulations, prepared as per example-2 and measured by MFI.
Sample name Sub visible particles count
at 40 ? at 25 ? at 2-8 ?
T0 T2W T0 T2M T3M T0 T3M
F1 1124 1324 1124 291 281 1124 437
F2 173 1445 173 300766 117 173 173
F3 54 869 54 328 166 54 54
F4 24 1136 24 222 93 24 24
F5 44 533 44 209 4197 44 44
F6 111 646 111 226903 102 111 111
F7 145 1447 145 1223 379 145 248
F8 230 1127 230 372 81 230 146
F9 82 577 82 157 365 82 109
F10 90 774 90 85 52 90 118
F11 92 1187 92 29 60 92 406
F12 436 2194 436 38 86 436 210
F13 144 1136 144 291 156 144 144
F14 170 1162 170 662 14080 170 170
F15 56 774 56 29 26 56 29
F16 143 1309 143 230 104 143 201
W-indicates weeks, M-indicates months; T0-represents data at zero time point
Table 9(b): Sub visible particles size of = 10 µm of formulations, prepared as per example-2 and measured by MFI.
Sample name Sub visible particles count
at 40 ? at 25 ? at 2-8 ?
T0 T2W T0 T2M T3M T0 T3M
F1 228 224 228 94 80 228 170
F2 35 353 35 30196 29 35 35
F3 24 232 24 106 67 24 24
F4 15 198 15 119 83 15 15
F5 9 172 9 61 2196 9 9
F6 27 155 27 28821 35 27 27
F7 41 276 41 343 146 41 87
F8 97 181 97 168 26 97 78
F9 20 34 20 44 78 20 37
F10 39 112 39 29 12 39 49
F11 18 413 18 6 17 18 127
F12 67 645 67 9 23 67 63
F13 54 293 54 95 36 54 54
F14 63 327 63 117 7089 63 63
F15 15 250 15 6 11 15 12
F16 47 86 47 35 29 47 66
W-indicates weeks, M-indicates months; T0-represents data at zero time point

Table 9(c): Sub visible particles size of = 25 µm of formulations, prepared as per example-2, and measured by MFI.
Sample name Sub visible particles count
at 40 ? at 25 ? at 2-8 ?
T0 T2W T0 T2M T3M T0 T3M
F1 29 26 29 6 26 29
F2 3 52 3 34 3 3 3
F3 12 52 12 30 12 12 12
F4 0 9 0 25 14 0 0
F5 6 0 6 16 22 6 6
F6 6 9 6 1905 9 6 6
F7 9 9 9 51 37 9 29
F8 30 26 30 30 12 30 14
F9 3 0 3 6 14 3 12
F10 9 17 9 9 0 9 9
F11 0 34 0 3 0 0 9
F12 9 52 9 0 9 9 9
F13 9 26 9 18 6 9 9
F14 13 17 13 22 1421 13 13
F15 0 9 0 3 3 0 3
F16 6 0 6 6 6 6 6
W-indicates weeks, M-indicates months; T0-represents data at zero time point
Table 9(d): Sub visible particles size of = 50 µm of formulations, prepared as per example-2, and measured by MFI.
Sample name Sub visible particles count
at 40 ? at 25 ? at 2-8 ?
T0 T2W T0 T2M T3M T0 T3M
F1 9 17 9 9 3 9 6
F2 0 9 0 3 3 0 0
F3 6 0 6 3 3 6 6
F4 0 0 0 3 3 0 0
F5 0 0 0 3 6 0 0
F6 3 0 3 265 3 3 3
F7 3 0 3 3 3 3 3
F8 3 9 3 3 3 3 0
F9 0 0 0 0 6 0 0
F10 3 0 3 0 0 3 0
F11 0 0 0 0 0 0 3
F12 0 0 0 0 0 0 3
F13 6 0 6 3 3 6 6
F14 3 0 3 6 173 3 3
F15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
F16 3 0 3 3 3 3 0
W-indicates weeks, M-indicates months; T0-represents data at zero time point

Example-3: Stability of nivolumab antibody formulations under various stress conditions

Based on the above data, some of the formulations of example-1, viz., F1 control, F9, F10, F12 and F16 were further subjected for agitation, freeze/thaw, chemical oxidation and metal induced oxidation stress to know the impact of these conditions on the stability of the formulations.

a) Agitation Study:

As mentioned above, all five samples of example-3 were subjected for agitation under 300 RPM for four days at 25 ?. The samples were then measured for visible particles and sub-visible particles by MFI, Results are given in Table 10, and Table 11.
Table 10: Visible particles data of agitation induced stress study formulations
Sample name T0 T1D T2D T3D T4D
F1 15 25 25 35 35
F9 15 25 25 35 35
F10 15 25 25 35 35
F12 15 25 25 35 35
F16 15 15 25 35 35
D-indicates Days; T0-represents data at zero time point

Table 11: Sub-visible particles data of induced stress study samples, measured by MFI.
Sample name = 5 µm = 10 µm = 25 µm = 50 µm
T0 T2D T4D T0 T2D T4D T0 T2D T4D T0 T2D T4D
F1 84 552 1373 21 69 132 6 3 12 0 3 0
F9 115 1029 971 15 58 127 3 3 6 0 0 0
F10 101 624 1183 17 59 166 0 0 9 0 0 0
F12 116 1025 830 24 94 63 9 3 0 0 0 0
F16 139 543 648 9 44 58 0 0 3 0 0 0
D-indicates Days; T0-represents data at zero time point
b) Freeze-thaw study
All five samples of Example-3 were also further subjected for five free-thaw cycles and in each freeze-thaw cycle samples were frozen at 80 ? for 24 hours and thawed at room temperature. Post five freeze-thaw cycles, samples were measured for visible particles, sub-visible particles by MFI, and High molecular weight species and monomer content by Size exclusion chromatography. Results are given in below Table 12, Table 13 and Table 14. It has been observed that, F1-control sample precipitated after four freeze-thaw cycles.
Table 12: Visible particles data of samples after multiple freeze-thaw cycles.
Sample name T0 T1FT T2FT T3FT T4FT T5FT
F1 15 25 25 35 35 -
F9 15 25 25 35 35 45
F10 15 25 25 35 35 45
F12 15 25 25 35 35 45
F16 15 25 25 35 35 45
FT-indicates Freeze-thaw cycle; T0-represents data at zero time point

Table 13: Sub-visible particles data of samples after multiple freeze-thaw cycles, measured by MFI.
Sample name = 5 µm = 10 µm = 25 µm = 50 µm
T0 T1FT T5FT T0 T1FT T5FT T0 T1FT T5FT T0 T1FT T5FT
F1 84 95 398 21 24 85 6 9 0 0 0 0
F9 115 45 126 15 18 21 3 3 3 0 3 0
F10 101 12 137 17 0 32 0 0 3 0 0 0
F12 116 148 609 24 41 84 9 9 0 0 0 0
F16 139 87 46 9 9 6 0 0 3 0 0 0
FT-indicates Freeze-thaw cycle; T0-represents data at zero time point

Table 14: Aggregate content and monomer content of samples after multiple freeze-thaw cycles, measured by SEC.
Sample name % HMW % monomer
T0 T1FT T2FT T3FT T4FT T5FT T0 T1FT T2FT T3FT T4FT T5FT
F1 0.3 0.5 0.8 1.0 1.3 1.4 99.7 99.5 99.2 99.0 98.7 98.7
F9 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 99.7 99.8 99.7 99.8 99.8 99.7
F10 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 99.8 99.7 99.7 99.7 99.8 99.7
F12 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 99.8 99.8 99.8 99.8 99.8 99.8
F16 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 99.8 99.8 99.8 99.8 99.8 99.8
FT-indicates Freeze-thaw cycle; T0-represents data at zero time point

c) Chemical oxidation study:
All five samples of Example-3 were further subjected for chemical oxidation with 0.1% hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and 1% H2O2 and samples were kept at 25 ? for three days. Samples were then measured for visible particles, sub-visible particles by MFI, monomer and aggregate content by SEC. Results of the study are given in Table 15, Table 16, and Table 17.
Table 15: Visible particles data of samples prepared as per Example-3, after chemical induced oxidation stress study.
Sample name 0.1% H2O2 1% H2O2
T0 T1D T3D T0 T1D T3D
F1 25 25 25 70 45 73
F9 25 25 25 45 45 80
F10 25 25 25 45 45 55
F12 25 25 15 45 45 55
F16 25 25 25 45 45 55
D-indicates Days; T0-represents data at zero time point

Table 16 (a): Sub-visible particles data of samples prepared as per Example-2, after 0.1% H2O2 chemical induced oxidation
Sample name = 5 µm = 10 µm = 25 µm = 50 µm
T0 T3D T0 T3D T0 T3D T0 T3D
F1 123 100 29 37 0 9 0 0
F9 320 282 101 57 3 9 0 0
F10 82 116 32 13 6 3 3 0
F12 46 127 9 26 0 3 0 3
F16 45 54 3 12 3 0 0 0
D-indicates Days; T0-represents data at zero time point

Table 16 (b): Sub-visible particles data of samples prepared as per Example-3, after 1% H2O2 chemical induced oxidation
Sample name = 5 µm = 10 µm = 25 µm = 50 µm
T0 T3D T0 T3D T0 T3D T0 T3D
F1 161 99 13 48 3 24 0 0
F9 149 97 10 25 0 0 0 0
F10 104 254 6 41 0 0 0 0
F12 58 112 12 14 0 9 0 9
F16 186 35 15 12 0 6 0 0
D-indicates Days; T0-represents data at zero time point

Table 17: HMW and monomer content of samples prepared as per Example-3, after chemical induced oxidation stress with 0.1% H2O2 and 1% H2O2, measured by SEC.
Sample name % HMW % monomer
0.1% H2O2 1% H2O2 0.1% H2O2 1% H2O2
T0 T1D T3D T0 T1D T3D T0 T1D T3D T0 T1D T3D
F1 0.7 1.0 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.7 99.3 99.0 98.6 97.9 98.5 98.1
F9 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 4.3 0.6 99.8 99.8 99.6 99.6 99.5 99.2
F10 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 1.8 0.5 99.8 99.8 99.6 99.7 99.5 99.3
F12 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4 99.8 99.8 99.7 99.6 99.5 99.4
F16 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.5 99.8 99.9 99.8 99.7 99.6 99.3
D-indicates Days; T0-represents data at zero time point

Metal induced oxidation study:
All five samples of Example-3 were further subjected for metal induced oxidation with 0.0007 mg/ml of Cobalt and samples were kept at 25 ? for three days. Post which, samples were measured for visible particles, sub-visible particles by MFI, monomer and aggregate content by SEC. Results of the study are given in Table 13, Table 14, and Table 15.
Table 18: Visible particles data of metal induced oxidation stress study samples prepared as per Example-3.
Sample name
T0 T1D T3D
F1 25 25 25
F9 25 25 25
F10 25 25 25
F12 25 25 25
F16 25 25 25
D-indicates Days; T0-represents data at zero time point

Table 19: Sub-visible particles data metal induced oxidation study of samples prepared as per Exmaple-3, measured by MFI.
Sample name = 5 µm = 10 µm = 25 µm = 50 µm
T0 T3D T0 T3D T0 T3D T0 T3D
F1 269 193 50 26 3 0 0 0
F9 149 220 20 57 0 3 0 0
F10 41 256 3 39 0 3 0 0
F12 133 130 19 35 3 6 0 0
F16 109 515 15 111 0 3 0 0
D-indicates Days; T0-represents data at zero time point
Table 20: HMW and monomer content of metal induced oxidation stress study samples prepared as per Example-3, measured by SEC.
Sample name % HMW % monomer
T0 T1D T3D T0 T1D T3D
F1 0.4 0.7 0.7 99.6 99.2 99.3
F9 0.2 0.3 0.3 99.8 99.8 99.8
F10 0.2 0.3 0.3 99.8 99.8 99.7
F12 0.2 0.2 0.2 99.9 99.8 99.8
F16 0.2 0.2 0.2 99.9 99.8 99.8
D-indicates Days; T0-represents data at zero time point

Example-4: Oxidation study of nivolumab antibody formulations
Nivolumab samples of example-1 viz., F4, F9, F10, F12, F13 and F16 were stored at 40 ? for two months. The samples were then subjected to liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and measured the oxidation levels at various point. Oxidation data of control sample is measured at zero time point (T0) without being subjected to storage at specific temperature condition. Results of the oxidation are given in Table 21.
Table 21: Percentage methionine oxidation of samples of Example-4.
Sample name % Met oxidation
AA (24-38) AA (77-87) AA (242-248) AA (338-353) AA (410-432)
F1 3.93 2.89 5.75 4.71 2.39
F4 7.49 5.83 5.31 5.45 4.17
F8 5.89 4.56 5.43 4.43 4.03
F9 4.01 3.09 4.72 4.41 2.97
F13 3.7 2.81 4.24 3.58 2.56
F12 3.7 2.81 6.56 4.85 3.54
F16 3.78 2.87 6.22 3.85 2.65
All the above formulations were also checked for change in pH. It was observed that there is no change in pH of the formulations even after storage under accelerated conditions. And all the samples were colorless and osmolality of all the formulations were found to be less than 350 mOsm/kg under agitation induced stress study, freeze-thaw stress study and metal induced stress study.
Example 5: High concentration anti-PD1 antibody formulations
Nivolumab 10 mg/ml in succinate buffer, comprising 60 mg/ml trehalose, methionine, 2.92 mg/ml sodium chloride, 0.008 mg/ml DTPA and 0.2 mg/ml polysorbate-80 were further concentrated up to 150 mg/ml by ultrafiltration. Alternatively, this high concentration nivolumab sample buffer was buffer exchanged into acetate buffer. Post which, these two high concentration nivolumab samples in succinate buffer and in acetate buffer were subjected for stress stability condition at 40 ? for one week and for 5 days respectively and measured for high molecular weight species, monomer content and low molecular weight species using SEC. Further, acidic variants and main peak contents of the samples were measured using IEX chromatography and viscosity of the samples were measured using viscometer. Results of the study are given below in Table 22.
Table 22: Composition of high concentration nivolumab formulation prepared as per Example-5, and quality attributes of the formulations
Sample composition % HMW content at 40 ? % of monomer content at 40 ? Viscosity
(cP) % of acidic variants at 40 ? % of main peak content at 40 ?
T0 T1W T0 T1W T0 T0 T5D T0 T5D
155 mg/ml nivolumab, 20 mM succinate buffer, 60 mg/ml trehalose, 10 mMmethionine, 0.008 mg/ml DTPA 0.2 mg/ml polysorbate 0.8 1.4 99.2 99.5 3.3 13.8 18.0 53.1 52.6
133 mg/ml nivolumab, 20 mM acetate buffer, 60 mg/ml trehalose, 10 mMmethionine, 0.008 mg/ml DTPA and 0.2 mg/ml polysorbate 0.9 1.4 99.1 98.6 NM 12.6 11.6 60.2 58.6
D-indicates Days; T0-represents data at zero time point; W-indicates week
Example 6: Stability of other anti-PD1 antibody formulations
Another anti-PD1 antibody, pembrolizumab expressed in CHO cells and the expressed antibody has been purified by techniques already known in the art. 35 mg/ml of purified pembrolizumab obtained from downstream chromatographic step, was subjected for buffer exchange step with succinate or histidine acetate buffer. In addition, pembrolizumab in acetate buffer obtained from downstream chromatographic technique maintained as it as. To all the pembrolizumab antibody samples in various buffers, combination of various excipients such as sugars, amino acid, chelating agents and surfactant were added. Composition of all pembrolizumab samples are given in Table 23.
Post which, these samples were subjected for accelerated stability studies at 40 ? for one month and various quality attributes of the samples such as change in pH, osmolality, high molecular weight content, monomer content and low molecular weight content using SEC and charge variants using IEX were measured. Further, opalescence of the samples were measured. Results of the study are given in Table 24-26.
Table 23: Compositions of pembrolizumab formulations prepared as per example-6
Sample Name Composition
P1 25 mg/ml pembrolizumab, 20 mM acetate buffer, 7% sucrose and polysorbate-80
P2 25 mg/ml pembrolizumab, 10 mM acetate buffer, 4.5% trehalose glycine, and polysorbate-80
P3 25 mg/ml pembrolizumab, 10 mM acetate buffer, 4.5% trehalose proline, and polysorbate-80
P4 25 mg/ml pembrolizumab, 10 mM acetate buffer, 10% trehalose and polysorbate-80
P5 25 mg/ml pembrolizumab, 10 mM acetate buffer, 10% trehalose, DTPA and polysorbate-80
P6 25 mg/ml pembrolizumab, 10 mM acetate buffer, 10% trehalose, DTPA, 60 mM arginine and polysorbate-80
P7 25 mg/ml pembrolizumab, 10 mM acetate buffer, 10% sorbitol and polysorbate-80
P8 25 mg/ml pembrolizumab, 10 mM acetate buffer, 12% sucrose and polysorbate-80
P9 25 mg/ml pembrolizumab, 10 mM histidine-acetate buffer, 10% trehalose and polysorbate-80
P10 25 mg/ml pembrolizumab, 10 mM succinate buffer, 4.5% trehalose glycine, and polysorbate-80
P11 25 mg/ml pembrolizumab, 10 mM succinate buffer, 4.5% trehalose proline, and polysorbate-80
P12 25 mg/ml pembrolizumab, 10 mM succinate buffer, 10% trehalose and polysorbate-80
P13 25 mg/ml pembrolizumab, 10 mM succinate buffer, 10% trehalose, DTPA and polysorbate-80
P14 25 mg/ml pembrolizumab, 10 mM succonate buffer, 10% trehalose, DTPA, 60 mM arginine and polysorbate-80
P15 25 mg/ml pembrolizumab, 10 mM succinate buffer, 10% sorbitol, and polysorbate-80
P16 25 mg/ml pembrolizumab, 10 mM succinate buffer, 12% sucrose, and polysorbate-80
Table 24: Various quality attributes of pembrolizumab formulations prepared as per Example-6.
Sample name pH at 40 ? Osmolality (mOsm/Kg) at 40 ?
T0 T2W T0 T1M
P1 6.0 5.7 254 265
P2 6.0 5.8 291 304
P3 6.0 5.9 261 266
P4 6.0 5.9 326 337
P5 5.9 5.8 320 337
P6 5.9 5.8 409 429
P7 5.9 5.7 608 633
P8 5.9 5.8 461 485
P9 6.0 5.8 357 371
P10 5.8 5.6 281 286
P11 5.8 5.6 267 271
P12 6.5 5.6 306 315
P13 5.8 5.6 305 317
P14 5.7 5.5 396 414
P15 5.8 5.6 641 663
P16 5.8 5.6 402 418
T0-represents data at zero time point; M-indicates months
Table 25: SEC data of pembrolizumab formulations prepared as per Example-6, when stored at 40 ? for one month.
Sample name % HMW content % Monomer content % LMW content
T0 T1M T0 T1M T0 T1M
P1 0.5 0.7 99.4 99.1 0.1 0.1
P2 0.6 0.8 99.4 99.1 0.0 0.1
P3 0.6 1.0 99.4 99.1 0.0 0.1
P4 0.6 0.8 99.4 98.9 0.0 0.1
P5 0.6 0.6 99.4 99.1 0.0 0.1
P6 0.6 1.3 99.4 99.3 0.0 0.1
P7 0.6 0.9 99.4 98.7 0.0 0.1
P8 0.6 0.8 99.4 99.0 0.0 0.1
P9 0.6 0.8 99.4 99.2 0.0 0.1
P10 0.6 1.0 99.4 99.1 0.0 0.1
P11 0.6 0.9 99.4 98.9 0.0 0.2
P12 0.6 0.8 99.4 99.0 0.0 0.1
P13 0.6 0.6 99.4 99.1 0.0 0.1
P14 0.6 1.1 99.4 99.3 0.0 0.1
P15 0.6 0.9 99.4 98.8 0.0 0.1
P16 0.6 0.8 99.3 99.1 0.0 0.1
T0-represents data at zero time point; M-indicates months
Table 26: IEX data of pembrolizumab formulations prepared as per Example-6, when stored at 40 ? for one month.
Sample name % Acidic variants % Main peak content % Basic variants content
T0 T1M T0 T1M T0 T1M
P1 11.7 22.0 67.0 60.1 21.4 28.2
P2 10.2 18.5 66.6 61.3 23.2 31.5
P3 10.5 19.9 66.5 61.3 23.0 31.1
P4 10.8 19.6 67.1 61.3 22.1 30.5
P5 11.0 20.2 67.3 61.8 21.7 30.2
P6 10.9 19.1 67.0 61.2 22.1 30.6
P7 10.9 18.5 66.7 60.8 22.4 30.9
P8 10.9 22.9 66.2 61.6 23.0 29.0
P9 11.0 20.8 66.8 62.8 22.3 29.1
P10 11.1 21.9 66.6 61 22.2 31.1
P11 11.0 27.5 67.1 60.8 21.9 28.7
P12 11.2 21.8 67.2 61.4 21.6 25.7
P13 11.2 23.0 66.8 61.1 22.0 28.1
P14 11.3 19.9 66.9 60.8 21.7 26.0
P15 11.5 24.1 67.1 59.7 21.4 29.4
P16 11.6 21.9 66.6 60.7 23.2 27.8
T0-represents data at zero time point; M-indicates months
Table 27: Opalescence of pembrolizumab samples prepared as per example-6.
Sample Name Opalescence at 40 ?
0 W 1W 2W 4W
P1 ROS-II-III and no visible particles ROS-III-IV and no visible particles
P2 ROS-II-III and no visible particles ROS-III-IV and no visible particles
P3 ROS-II-III and no visible particles ROS-III-IV and small fibrous particles
P4 ROS-II-III and no visible particles ROS-III-IV and small fibrous particles
P5 ROS-II-III and no visible particles ROS-III-IV and no visible particles
P6 ROS-II-III and no visible particles ROS-III-IV and small fibrous particles
P7 ROS-II-III and no visible particles ROS-III-IV and small fibrous particles
P8 ROS-II-III and no visible particles ROS-III-IV and no visible particles
P9 ROS-II-III and no visible particles ROS-III-IV and no visible particles
P10 ROS-II-III and no visible particles ROS-III-IV and small fibrous particles observed
P11 ROS-II-III and no visible particles ROS-IV and no visible particles
P12 ROS-II-III and no visible particles ROS-III-IV and small fibrous particles
P13 ROS-II-III and no visible particles ROS-III-IV and small fibrous particles
P14 ROS-II-III and no visible particles ROS-III-IV and no visible particles
P15 ROS-II-III and no visible particles ROS-III-IV and no visible particles
P16 ROS-II-III and no visible particles ROS-III-IV and no visible particles
Example 7: High concentration pembrolizumab formulations
Pembrolizumab in acetate buffer at a concentration of 35 mg/ml was buffer exchanged with succinate buffer followed by concentrating upto 250 mg/ml using centrifugation filters/ultrafiltration. Post which, concentration of the antibody was adjusted to 142 mg/ml using formulation buffer and various excipients such as sugar, amino acids and surfactant were added to prepare high concentration pembrolizumab formulation. Further, the formulation is subjected for accelerated stability conditions at 40 ? for one week. Details of the formulation along with quality attributes are given in below Table 27.
Table 27: Composition of high concentration pembrolizumab formulation prepared as per Example-6, and quality attributes of the formulations
Sample name pH at 40 ? % HMW
at 40 ? % Monomer at 40 ? % Acidic variant at 40 ? % Main peak content at 40 ? % Basic variants at 40 ?
T0 T1W T0 T1W T0 T1W T0 T1W T0 T1W T0 T1W
142 g/ml pembrolizumab, 10 mM succinate buffer, 4.5% trehalose, 0.8% glycine and 0.02% polysorbate-80 5.61 5.52 0.8 0.9 99.2 99.1 6.2 8.0 65 65.4 28.8 28.6
,CLAIMS:We claim:
1. A liquid pharmaceutical formulation of an anti-PD1 antibody comprising, an anti-PD1 antibody, succinate or acetate or citrate buffer having a pH of 5.0 to 6.0, sugar, amino acid, chelating agent and surfactant.
2. The formulation as claimed in claim 1, wherein the anti-PD1 antibody concentration ranges from 10 mg/ml to 200 mg/ml.
3. A method of controlling sub-visible particle formation in an IgG4 anti-PD1 antibody, the method comprising, formulating the IgG4 anti-PD1 antibody in a composition comprising succinate or acetate or citrate buffer, sugar, chelating agent and surfactant.
4. The method as claimed in claim 3, wherein the composition further comprises methionine.
5. The method as claimed in claim 3, wherein the sub-visible particle size is =5 µm, or =10 µm, or =25 µm, or =50 µm and less than 80 µm.
6. The formulation or method as claimed in claim 1 or 3, wherein the anti-PD1 antibody is nivolumab or pembrolizumab.
7. The formulation or method as claimed in claim 1 or 3, wherein the sugar is trehalose or sucrose.
8. The formulation or method as claimed in claim 1 or 3, wherein the chelating agent is is ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) or diethylenetriamine pentaacetate (DTPA).
9. The formulation or method as claimed in claim 1 or 3, wherein the surfactant is polysorbate 80 or polysorbate 20.
10. A liquid pharmaceutical formulation of nivolumab antibody comprising nivolumab, succinate or acetate buffer, trehalose, methionine, sodium chloride, DTPA and surfactant, wherein the antibody concentration is in a range of 10 mg/ml to 200 mg/ml.