FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The invention is related to refining of coal of by organic solvents in general, and
to a process of separation of coal from organic solvent completely for recovering
the said solvent, which is used for extraction.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION & PRIOR ART
The current process operation invokes separation of coal from the organic
solvents. Organic-refining or, solvent-refining or, solvent extraction of coal is a
well-established technology. Abundant literature is available on the subject.
However, the primary objective in most of those cases is to provide a process to
produce ultra clean coal or super clean coal with ash contains less that 4%. The
ash content of this parent coal (Run of Mine) is 25%. Exploratory study revealed
that it is possible to extract 50% of parent coal through this process of extraction
of coal under reflux conditions at atmospheric pressure. The coal contains almost
4% ash.
The yield and the ash content of super clean coal are satisfactory and it
encourages for up scaling the process to bench scale set up the main concerning
factor apart from yield is the economic viability of the process. The process
consumes significant amount of heat for extraction. Again recovery of

the of the solvent has been achieved by the consumption of large amount of
heat. Combination of the above two heat inputs drives the process towards
infeasibility. Now if the two heat consumptions are arranged in priority basis
then heat consumption for extraction has come forth as the extraction process is
solely depends upon the extraction temperature this is why it is often called as
thermal extraction. So only the heat requirement for solvent recovery has left
for minimization. Effective or optimize design of solvent recovery such a way it
minimize the heat requirement for solvent recovery and thus established the
process economy.
OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION
To overcome the drawbacks of the prior art, the following innovative remedial
measures were undertaken:-
Primary object of invention is to propose a method of recovery of organic
solvents required (for the extraction) in refining of coal.
Another object of invention is to propose an innovative approach to separate coal
from organic solvent as completely as possible with minimizing energy required.
Still another object of the invention is to introduce a techno economic chemical
coal benefication process without using any evaporation unit for producing clean
coal and to increase recovery of solvents.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
According to the innovative design, coal is separated from "coal extract" by ultra
filtration. The "coal extract" is formed by the thermal treatment of coal with
organic solvent. The hot coal "coal extract" is then cooled and passed through
the membrane having diameter 0.2 micron or may be less than that. The filtrate
coming from membrane is free from coal which is proved by the addition of
water. If the permeate contains coal then addition of water, coal happens to be
precipitated which does not happen at all. This observation strongly claims the
inexistence of coal in permeates. It proves that the "coal extract" can be well
separated by membrane operation and it produces pure solvent as permeate
from membrane and the thick clarified solution from top of the membrane, which
is then sent to the other unit for usual operation. The new process has been
developed which is very flexible to produce clean coal of desired ash level (0.1 to
10%) with satisfactory yield.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE ACCOMPANYING DRAWING
Figure 1- Schematically show operation of the process according to the
invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVNETION
The invention will now be described with help of the accompanying drawing
which depict on exemplary embodiedments of the invention. However, there can
be several other embodiedments, all of which are deemed covered by this
description.

I) Feed Preparation zone 1.
Coal, solvent and co-solvent are mixed thoroughly in coal in feed
preparation zone. The ratio of coal to solvent ratio is maintained 1:18 in
the feed preparation zone.
II) Extraction zone 2
Coal slurry is then pumped to the reactor. In reactor a temperature
around 200 °C to 250 °C is maintained by circulating hot thermic fluid.
The high pressure is maintained by inducing high pressure about 2 to 4
atm. inside the reactor. High pressure elevates the boiling point of the
solvent. Residence time in the reactor may vary form 1 h to 1.5 h and i.e.
dictated by the techno economics of the process and its specific
requirement for a given coal. Extracted coal-solvent mixture is then fed to
a high temperature filter. From filter, the residue is taken off and sent to
the product and residue washing zone and the filtrate is sent to the
solvent recovery zone.
III) Solvent recovery zone 3
The filtrate containing coal extracts which is then fed to the membrane
unit for ultra filtration. In membrane unit with the aid of a high pressure
pump filtration is done and the permeates are collected from the
membrane is free from coal which is proved by observing no further
precipitation with the addition of water in permeate. So by incorporation
of membrane 80% of solvent is further collected without applying any
heat. The thick clarified liquid from membrane is then fed to the
precipitating tank where coal is getting precipitated as water acts as an
anti solvent.

The amount of water needed in precipitation tank is very less as 80% of
solvent is already removed. This slurry (water + solvent + coal) becomes
filtered by another rotary drum filter and the super clean coal is then sent
to product washing unit. The filtrate contains water and organic mixture
which is fed to the distillation unit and water and 19% organic solvent is
being separated. So this methodology gives us almost 99% solvent
recovery with negligible energy consumption, thus established the process
economy.
IV) Final product and residue washing zone 4
The final operation unit is the product and residue washing unit. The
super clean coal is collected from solvent recovery zone is washed here
thoroughly and stored. Residue collected from the extraction zone is
washed properly for removing trace amount of solvent and stored for
letter use.
So in this way the whole process operation as claimed 99% solvent
recovery with minimum the energy requirement, is accomplished with
50% super clean coal having ash percentage less than 4%.
The following optical density results are supported the fact
1. NMP (n-methyle pyrollidone) OD=0
2. Recycle Solvent OD=0.23
3. COAL Extract OD=4

As the optical density of pure NMP is zero and the coal extract having 4, it proves
that "coal extract" must contain very fine particles which can be separated by
applying membrane.
The following results are the strong evidence of coal suspension in organic
solvent. Actually the coal extract is very fine coal particle distribution in liquid
organic phase. The particle size distribution has started approximately from 25
micron to nano size or may be less than that. The major portion of coal particle
can be separated by passing through membrane. The coal extract has been
passed through ceramic membrane having pore diameter of 0.2 micron. The
permeate coming from the membrane is totally free of coal and this has been
proved, as there is no further precipitation observed by adding sufficient amount
of water. If coal is there in permeate then after adding water coal will be
separated out as it was happened in our earlier process.
The important safety measures comprises:
a. As the solvent of use are organic and are flammable in nature, it
may catch fire in contact with oxygen at high temperature.
Therefore, there is provision for Nitrogen flashing in the reactor
and the Rotary drum filter unit.
The main advantages of the invention achieved
i. Recovery of solvent increases without using any thermal energy
which improves the techno-economics remarkably.

WE CLAIM
1. A method of recovery of organic solvents required in refining of coal,
comprising of following steps:-
- Feeding solvent, co-solvent and coal in the feed preparation unit
for mixing thoroughly to form slurry,
- Pumping the slurry to the reactor in the extraction unit wherein the
slurry is thermally treated under pressure and allowed to settle
therein for a total specified residence time for the treatment to
have all mineral matters settled,
- passing the coal-extract of high temperature, through the
membrane under high pressure in the ultra filtration unit, of the
solvent recovery zone, to get permeates free from coal, thereby
achieving recovery of major part of the solvent,
- feeding the thick clarified liquid from membrane, to the
precipitation tank residing in solvent recovery zone in contact with
water, to obtain precipitated coal in slurry with mixture of water
and organic solvent,
- feeding the slurry in a drum filter to get clean coal of very low ash
content as residue and a mixture of water and organic solvent as
filtrate,
- sending the filtrate to the solvent recovery unit for distillation to
separate the balance organic solvent from water,
wherein the application of membrane in process of achieving clean
coal of very low ash content as well as of complete separation and
recovery of organic solvent from the thermally treated coal,
minimize the heat requirement to establish economy

2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the coal is thermally treated
in the range of 200 Deg C - 250 Deg C.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the thermal treatment of
coal is carried out under pressure in the range of 2-4 atm.
4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the total specified time of
residence in the reactor is ranging from 1 hour -1.5 hour, as required
for a given coal.
5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein said major part is 75-80%
preferably 80% of solvent through the membrane in ultra filtration unit.
6. The method as claimed in claim 6, wherein said membrane is ceramic
membrane having pore diameter upto 0.2 micron.
7. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein said clean coal of very low
ash content which is in the range of 0.1 -10%.
8. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein said balance is 10-20%
preferably 19% recovery of the organic solvent.
9. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein said complete recovery is
97-99% preferably 99% of solvent.

A method of recovery of organic solvents required in refining of coal comprising
of following steps:- Feeding solvent, co-solvent and coal in the feed preparation
unit for mixing thoroughly to form slurry, Pumping the slurry to the reactor in the
extraction unit wherein the slurry is thermally treated under pressure and high
temperature. Feeding the heavy material, form the reactor to the filter in the
extraction unit for separating residue, and the filtrate, containing coal-extract,
passing the coal-extract of drum filter, along with coal-extract from other source
like flasher unit and its bottom part, through the membrane under high pressure
in the ultra filtration unit, of the solvent recovery zone, to get permeates free
from coal, thereby achieving recovery of major part of the solvent, feeding the
thick clarified liquid from membrane, to the precipitation tank residing in solvent
recovery zone in contact with water, to obtain precipitated coal in slurry with
mixture of water and organic solvent, feeding the slurry in a drum filter to get
clean coal of very low ash content as residue and a mixture of water and organic
solvent as filtrate, sending the filtrate to the solvent recovery unit for distillation
to separate the balance organic solvent from water, wherein the application of
membrane in filtration, in the process of achieving clean coal of very low ash
content as well as of complete separation and recovery of organic solvent from
the thermally treated coal, minimize the heat requirement to establish economy.