Description: Field of Invention
The vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs) meet huge open challenges during channel allocation to Vehicle to vehicle (V2V) on road traffic. The existing VANET has deficiencies like dependability, extensibility, and stability of the routing system on road traffic. The VANET structure meets pragmatic implications and exploitation of vehicular communication is a big challenge. To overcome those challenges we required an impressive routing protocol for V2V and vehicle to infrastructure (V2I) communication. Cluster-based connectivity link architecture is proposed to improve routing efficiency and control vehicle traffic on road move.
The objectives of this invention
The objective of this invention is to improve the routing efficiency and control vehicle traffic on road move. The main goal of this invention is to identify the energetic VANETs’ construction with the help of an optimal amount of clusters.
Background of the invention
The communication between V2V/V2I depends on the routing protocol in VANET. The primary task of the steering procedure is to present secure information to continuing transports on the highway. A reliable VANET meets numerous challenges due to its extremely complex and unreliable structure. To resolve the routing protocols issues and make effective communication between V2V ongoing highways required secure and effective routing protocols. Numerous routing protocols are presented based on highly dynamic and dense vehicular networks which are not included connectivity-based cluster routing protocols. The existing routing protocol with potential limitations leads to network congestion.
The transmission-based routing protocols meet enormous communication and upward computational performance due to huge beacon messages being generated for broadcast (Lin, D.; Kang, 2016). Likewise, route-discovery-based protocols are also not desirable for enormous developing networks because of the static path lifetime, static time of maintenance, and massive end-to-end delay (Sathiamoorthy, J., Ramakrishnan, B., 2017). They presented a triple cluster-based protocol (TCRP), to diminish the overhead of communication by restraining the transmission domain. TCRP algorithm significantly decreases cluster head (CH) probability. TCRP system supports the stability and scalability of CH selection. This method is vastly congested traffic leads to computational overhead and it does not suitable for more vehicles traffic on road (Zahid, 2016).
The EG-AODV was a linear routing scheme based on a VANET-oriented Evolving Graph (VoEG). It does not suitable for continuous arrival vehicles on highways traffic (Eiza, M.H, 2013). The reliable cluster-based routing protocol decreases the computational rate but also has an extensibility feature acceptable in any energetic topological VANETs structure. The loyalty-based clustering protocol enhanced the performance significantly (Cooper, C, 2016). The cluster-based routing (CBR) protocol has the normal overhead of routing and slight normal end-to-end delay jitter with the modification of vehicles numeral (Yuyi Luo, 2010).
Description of Prior Art
The research finding on resource allocation in cognitive radio network using internet of things is essential for vehicles while travelling on road. The vehicles require an information of road conditions, traffic jams and traffic congestion. We require to improve the resource allocation system using IoT parameters. The vehicle communication systems are improved with optical communication system which include electronic circuit to exchange information (PCT/US2018/043947).
While driving the vehicle, they introduced shockwave prediction system to provide safe driving mechanism to prevent from communication congestion among the vehicle (US20210049900 A1). This studies focused on message exchange among the vehicles (US20160203712, WO2019/091645, US 20210058752 A1). This study focused on how to measure signal on roadside and transmission of road status reports to the vehicles on the road (WO2017/133769). This study focused on traffic Management systems(US 20190340922 A1)
Summary of the invention
The primary motive of the invention is to improve reliability, scalability, and stability of communication between vehicles on road even vehicle density in the network is high. The ultimate aim is to improve the VANET structure with ITS architecture to control different types of communication between vehicles and other devices. The onboard units (OBUs) are embedded in VANET to make effective communication between V2V and with the roadside unit (RSU) to improve scalability, safety transport mechanism on highways road move. The connectivity-based clustering routing protocol technique is adopted with VANET architecture, to improve the route discovering between vehicles and control traffic on highways.
Detailed description of the invention
The current technology is to increase the communication between V2V during high-density vehicle traffic on road. In VANET, the route discovering schemes between vehicles has vital challenges such as reliability, scalability, and stability.
The innovative system contains VANET architecture and connectivity-based routing protocol that provides better route discovering systems among vehicles on road. The connectivity-based clustering routing architecture performs the cluster head (CH) selection in the cluster-based VANETs. The function of link connectivity includes vehicle density and transmission range which discover routes among vehicles on highways.
The innovation protocol includes quality-of-service (QoS) and generalized speed factor (GSF). The two vehicles are connected when the vehicles are within their transmission range on the highway. The QoS is required to determine the network connectivity in a real-time environment. The vehicle connectivity depends on GSF. The vehicle’s density on a precise part of the road is reflected by GSR with unit h/km or s/m. The GFS factor depends on the ratio between the regular delivery of comparative speed and the exponential distribution of inter-vehicle spacing.
VANET includes a connectivity-based routing structure is to select a strongly connected route (SCR) for data broadcast between vehicles on the highway. SCR is a group of transitional associations that have a great probability of connectivity. Suppose the network has many routes the data pass from source to destination. If Z routes are existing, then information is a transfer from source(S) to the destination (d) where S transmits data first to the cluster head (CH) and then CH communicates the data to the destination over N hops. The cluster-based routing structure is designed using the metric as vehicular connectivity. This technique divides the network into suitable groups optimally and established efficient connections between vehicles.
The invention protocol was designed based on a clustering scheme which was based on a V2I communication system. The RSU units in this protocol make manageable grouping and discover a route to a specific destination depending on the situation of the target vehicle. The route discovery process depends on the destination node environment either within the cluster or outside the cluster.
The cluster-based evolving graphs (CEG)–reliable route discovery protocol (CEG-RAODV) is adopted with VANET architecture to discover routes in intra-cluster to destination. The CEG-RAODV protocol includes Dijkstra’s algorithm that discovers routes between source and destination. The source node sends the route request to CH, in the future, foremost nodes, and then CH computes every probable route to the destination.
The Frontier Access Protocol (FAP) is adopted with VANET architecture to discover a specific route from source to destination. Each cluster is connected to a unique RSU which makes an Autonomous System (AS). The FAP permits inter-AS and intra-AS communications. The FAP permits all CH to attain cluster attainability information from RSU. The available connected nodes in networks are listed in a table and the reachability information from RSU is listed in the table. The reachability information states to the list of associated nodes to a specific RSU and/or CH. It is like the routing table that is used to stores information of all reachable nodes and then RSU broadcasts the attainable information to all CHs.
The objective of this invention is to implement effective communication technologies using a connectivity cluster-based routing system to improve traffic efficiency and traffic safety effectively. This system incorporate intelligence transportation systems (ITS) with VANET to improve effective communication between vehicles and other devices. This invention diminish traffic congestions in extremely crowded zones, evade traffic accidents, and spread jamming information with adjacent vehicles. This invention to attain minimum communication overhead, high reliability, and transfer of secure messages in a real-time environment.
The proposed invention objective is to attain efficient channel utilization and integrity guarantees among the vehicles, also improved the reliability in VANET and secure messages delivery between vehicles in highway environments. So it will improve stability, data transfer rate and minimize packet transmission delay.
4 Claims & 1 Figure
Brief description of Drawing
In the figures which are illustrate about the invention.
Figure 1 Connectivity-based clustering scheme
Detailed description of the drawing
Figure 1 shows the cluster-based architecture with a connectivity system. This architecture consists of N number of vehicles, which are randomly distributed on unidirectional multi-lane highways. The VANET architecture includes onboard units (OBUs) that are used for communication among vehicles on highways. All vehicles are well equipped with a global position system (GPS), radio equipment, and IEEE 802.11p. The OBU mechanisms are used for communication among the vehicles and tracking of the vehicle position on the highway. The RSU is well equipped with an identical distance to cover the entire highway. The RSU controls the vehicle’s connectivity and V2X communication. If all the vehicles are in their transmission range then any two vehicles are to be connected to control traffic on road.
The generalized speed factor (GSF) is used to determine the connectivity of vehicles that indicates the vehicle density on a specific part of the road which is measured by the units like h/km or s/m. The invention of the routing mechanism is to select a strongly connected route for data broadcast between vehicles in the network. If multiple routes exist in VANET, the data spread to CH, and CH transmits data to the destination over k hops. , Claims: The scope of the invention is defined by the following claims:

Claim:
1. Our invention “A novel approach for cluster-based Internet of Vehicle Ad-Hoc Networks for cooperating driving scheme” is based on route discovery systems between vehicles on the highway to control traffic.
a. The proposed invention will improve the reliability, scalability, and stability of the routing system in VANET.
b. The proposed invention comprises intelligent transportation systems (ITS), enables efficient communication among vehicles, and transfer secure information to each V2V and V2I.
2. According to claim 1, the invention includes QoS which provides a stable and strongly connected network for effective communication among vehicles in a real-time environment.
3. According to claim 1, the invention includes connectivity-based clustering routing systems that select a strongly associated route for data broadcast between vehicles on the highway and control road traffic and accident.
4. According to claim 1, the invention includes cluster selection mechanisms that select the strongly connected path between vehicles and transmit secure information among vehicles to control traffic on the highway.