FIELD OF INVENTION
The present invention relates to a composition and a process for preparing functional fireworks with reduced emissions. In particular, the present invention relates to a coating composition to be used in conventional fireworks so as to result in functional fireworks with reduced emissions and process for the preparation thereof. The developed functional fireworks are a technically advanced version of conventional fireworks/firecrackers. They are developed by providing additional functional coating layer to the conventional fireworks for reducing environmental and chemical footprint with specific reference to particulate matter, metals, CO, SOx and NOx as compared to their original counterpart with concomitant protection of the sparklers from exposure to moisture. More particularly, the present invention relates to an improved sparkler based on the novel concept of coating of functional materials on fireworks having the potential for in-situ encapsulation/sorption of particulate matter and gaseous emissions and also providing barrier for exposure of sparklers to moisture thus improving the stability and average life of the sparklers. The developed composition finds immense application in combating the environmental pollution caused due to burning of fireworks. The invention helps in meeting the 13th sustainable developmental goal in the sector of climate action wherein we should take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts.

BACKGROUND OF INVENTION
A sparkler is a type of handheld device containing an explosive powder of chemicals coated on central rod, that burns slowly and exhibits the bright colors of spark and flames produced by both incandescence and gas excitation. Sparklers are generally prepared by dipping a non-combustible metallic thin rod of 6 to 12 inches (preferably copper or steel) in a slurry of pyrotechnic compositions followed by drying. The combusting coating slurry contains metallic fuel (aluminum or magnesium or iron or titanium or ferrotitanium singly or in combinations), additional fuel (sulfur, charcoal), oxidizer (potassium nitrate, barium nitrate, strontium nitrate, potassium perchlorate etc.) and combustible binder (dextrin etc.). Sparkler manufacturers add different elements to produce different kind of colors that react during burning to emit colors by luminescence, through excitation of gases molecules. Recently there are several types of sparklers emerging in market such as whistling sparklers, crackling sparklers, morning glory sparklers, wedding sparkler (bigger than 12 inches) etc. However, the basic concept of these sparklers is same as in conventional sparkler with minor changes in composition or addition of different component chemicals by manufacturer.
Indians have tradition to celebrate ‘Diwali’ and other festive occasions with fireworks. In terms of use, among all fireworks, sparklers are at second position after noise cracker. Sparklers are very popular especially among children of age group 3 to 15 and extensively used during Diwali and other festive celebrations. Although sparklers create aesthetic view and are popular among children, they cause high emission of particulate matter (PM), CO2, CO, SOX, NOX, which has direct and severe impact on end user’s health. As handheld device sparklers are often burnt at a distance of around 2 feet from users therefore chances of direct inhalation and subsequent consequence are more compared to the other firework items. Therefore, sparkler emissions including particulate matter, SOx, NOx, CO etc. are of growing environmental concerns and need to be tackled on priority. These pollutants may reportedly cause many health issues such as throat infection, running nose, eye irritation and can also cause congestion in throat and chest, headaches and respiration problem, chronic bronchitis, asthma, COPD, common cold, pneumonia, laryngitis, severe effect on health of individuals with heart, respiratory or nervous system disorder. With this background, ‘Supreme Court of India’ intervened and imposed restriction on the burning of high emission firecrackers while permitting only green/low emission fireworks in the country. Therefore, the reduced emission firework including sparklers have caught attention and demand from manufacturer across India. The transition to reduced emission crackers has dual benefit of reduced environmental footprint and addresses dwindling economy of fireworks industry thus saving the large-scale employment engaged in firework industry.
Emissions can be controlled by the substitution of chemicals, varying the composition, addition of new chemicals and reducing the particle size etc. Nanoparticles provide opportunity to reduce chemical consumption and subsequent lower emission. However, the lower particle size with higher surface area, magnetic and electric properties and explosivity, may cause even higher risk due to their susceptibility to self-initiation owing to the propagation from external ignition of particles and may prompt to high explosion. Thus, it is important to explore alternative options without changing or altering the basic composition structure of sparkler.
The following criteria have been taken into consideration for substitution and reduction of usage of conventional chemicals:
Safety of the end-user especially children
Affordability, ready availability and practicability
Non-toxicity
No alteration in conventional sparklers
Pollution neutral (not leading to an increase in particulate matter, SO2, NOx and CO)
Potential for absorbing pollutants
Potential for encapsulation of dust
The pyrotechnic compositions and techniques adopted by a majority of sparkler manufacturers is based on the final cost and luminous efficiency of the items without considering the emission and quality of raw materials, leading to the higher particulate and gaseous emissions.
Reference may be made to US 2063601, which focuses on ‘Waterproof coating of sparkler and pyrotechnic composition’. The materials used was mono-nitro-cellulose, amyl acetate, coal tar hydrocarbons, petroleum distillates etc. The use of nitro-cellulose was to create a greater rate of combustion. However, the cited patent does not relate to emission control in sparklers/ fireworks.
Reference may be made to US 6718882 B1, which relates to the two-way-burning sparkler and method of manufacture for use as a fireworks display. The materials claimed in this patent are phenolic resin and tri-ammonium phosphate. The cited sparkler has extended display time, burning and emitting sparks in one direction, followed by the spark progression in reverse direction and then burning while emitting sparks in the reverse direction. The inner and outer layer of this sparkler are in contact with one another at end of sheath to permit ignition of the inner flammable composition by the progressing spark. The construction of aforesaid sparkler emits spark of one color upon the initial burn and sparks of a different color upon the reverse burn. However, the drawbacks of this reference are that the patent does not mention about emission reduction and protection against moisture with consequent positive implications on shelf life and stability.
Reference may be made to US 8303740 B1, which recites a self-igniting pyrotechnical sparkler. The sparkler claimed in this reference includes a non-flammable support rod covered with pyrotechnic coating composition along one end and igniter coating covering over part of the pyrotechnic coating. The igniting coating includes a mixture of potassium chromate, antimony sulfate, powder aluminum, particulate magnesium, binder and/or glass beads. The aforesaid patent focuses on self-igniting concept and is quite different in terms of composition. Moreover, coating materials and emission reductions are not discussed therein.
Reference may be made to US 3862865 A, which discloses a sparkler composition. The pyrotechnic composition claimed in this patent includes barium nitrate, manganese dioxide, iron powder, aluminum powder, polyvinyl alcohol powder, carbon powder, sulfur powder and binders (dextrin, starch, stearic acid etc.) enwrapped in an outer paper or other combustible material covering. However, this patent focuses on typical compositions and has no relation to the present invention dealing with an additional coating step on conventional sparkler formulations for reducing emissions.
Reference may be made to RU 2171247 C2, which recites a pyrotechnic composition for sparklers, which includes barium nitrate, iron, metallic additive (aluminum, aluminum- magnesium alloy), adhesive and ammonium sodium or potassium benzoates. It also includes aerosol and potassium perchlorate 1% wt. The cited invention makes it possible to increase stability of working solution which improves the properties of the pyrotechnic compositions. However, the drawbacks of this reference are that the patent does mention about emission reduction and protection against moisture with consequent positive implications on shelf life and stability.
Reference may be made to US 1174321 A, which discloses a sparkler and process of making same. This patent claims the pyrotechnic sparkler comprising a metal base, a first coating thereupon, a non-combustible material having relatively poor heat conducting properties and a second coating thereupon second coating of “sparkler mass”. However, the drawbacks of this reference are that the patent does not mention about emission reduction and protection against moisture with consequent positive implications on shelf life and stability. Also, this patent claims only coating of sparkler with typical compositions and is in no way related to the present invention dealing with an additional coating step on conventional formulations.
Reference may be made to US 5194087 A, which discloses a fireproof, waterproof and acidproof binder. This invention is based on a hardened composition of alkali silicate, a reactive metal oxide from the group including magnesium, titanium and zinc and a calcium, potassium/sodium-aluminum silicate, sodium carbonate, expanded perlite, expanded clay, wood fibers, cement, limestone dust and sand organics binder mixture. However, the drawbacks of this reference are that it does not mention about emission reduction.
Reference may be made to Betha et al., 2014. PM2.5 Emissions from Hand-Held Sparklers: Chemical Characterization and Health Risk Assessment, Raghu Betha, Rajasekhar Balasubramanian, Aerosol and Air Quality Research, 14:1477-1486, which studied three types of sparkler for particulate bound metals and PAHs emissions. It is reported that emissions from sparklers have elevated levels of K, Ca, Fe, Zn and Ba as well as complex mixture of different trace metals and some heavy metals such as Cd, Cr, Co, Cu, Mn, Ni and Pb. This work mainly deals with the chemical characterization and health risk assessment without delivering any solution to reduce emissions.
From the above references, it may be concluded that there is no literature on the concept of application of coating techniques to reduce the emissions from sparklers. As may be observed the hitherto reported literature deals only with the composition of sparklers and not with any material or composition that is able to control or reduce the emissions from the sparklers. Thus, keeping in view the drawbacks of the hitherto reported prior art, the inventors of the present invention realized that there exists a dire need to provide coating compositions and coating techniques to reduce emissions from the sparklers, in particular, by providing a layer of adsorptive/ reactive/ encapsulant materials on the sparkler surface while also improving the shelf life and stability of the fireworks.

OBJECTIVES OF THE INVENTION
The main objective of the present invention is therefore to provide a composition that reduces the emissions generated by fireworks/ firecrackers which obviates the drawbacks of the hitherto reported prior art.
Another objective of the present invention is to provide a composition for coating the sparkler surface; not restricted as layer, with materials having unique adsorptive/reactive/encapsulant properties to reduce the emission load without altering the basic composition used by firecracker-sparkler manufacturer.
Still another objective of the invention is to coat the sparkler surface with materials having unique adsorptive/reactive/encapsulant properties to provide barrier against moisture absorption.
Yet another objective is to deploy easy and simple dip immersion coating technique to functionalize the sparkler while not restricting thereto.
Still another objective is to achieve the targeted emission reduction by using the adsorptive/reactive/encapsulant functional materials in the coating slurry.
Yet another objective is to achieve the emission control by using sorptive/encapsulant materials with specific reference to particulate and gaseous emissions.
Still another objective is to improve the performance of existing sparklers without affecting the original spark, flame and color.
Yet another objective is to incorporate additive materials in the coating to enhance the sparkling effect.
Still another objective is to incorporate materials having properties of negative ion generation upon ignition.
Yet another objective is to incorporate materials which also supports the ignition along with pyrotechnic composition used.
Still another objective of the invention is to use simple and non-hazardous materials in the coating composition.
Yet another objective of the invention is to provide a composition that imparts good ignition and combustion rate to the sparklers.
Still another objective of the invention is to provide a composition that does not compromise the performance of the sparkler even after coating in terms of sparks, colors and flames (visual show) as is observed in the commercial sparklers available in the market.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention provides environmentally benign functional sparklers based on coating technique. The aim of the invention is to coat a layer of adsorptive/reactive/encapsulant materials on conventional sparklers. The coating materials have unique properties to reduce the emissions by adsorbing/reacting with the gaseous emissions and ensuring in-situ encapsulation without altering the basic composition structure of the conventional sparkler. The concept is based on using the adsorptive/reactive/encapsulant materials such as zeolite, iron oxide, calcium peroxide, PANI, wax, polysiloxanes either singly or in combinations. The invention specifically deals with the coating materials for sparkler to reduce their emission load and protect them from moisture.
In the main embodiment, the present invention provides a composition for functionalization of sparklers by incorporation of additives such as adsorptive/reactive/encapsulant materials along with a binder/solvent. The functionalization is done as an additional coating layer on the conventional sparkler; but not restricting to it as layer and can be placed anywhere thereon, for tailoring its properties for achieving targeted emission reduction and also to impart hydrophobic property to the sparkler for improving resistance of firecrackers/fireworks to moisture attack.
In another embodiment, the present invention provides the use of coated materials which upon ignition have the potential for forming encapsulant (silica, carbon) which in turn may act as an adsorptive/reactive agent to reduce emissions by trapping the PM, CO, CO2, SOx, NOx etc.
In still another embodiment of the present invention, the incorporation of organic polymer polysiloxanes is done on the sparklers which upon ignition goes through a number of steps to form silica /carbon based encapsulant which acts as reactive/adsorptive materials for reducing PM and gaseous emissions.
In yet another embodiment of the present invention, coating of the sparklers (however not restricting to them) is done by using simple dip immersion coating technique to functionalize them, wherein the basic composition of sparkler is same as that used traditionally.
In still another embodiment, the present invention provides a process for the preparation of functional sparklers with reduced emissions and improved resistance to moisture without altering the composition of conventionally produced sparkler by functionalization of fireworks (like sparklers, but not restricting to it) with a coating layer on conventional sparkler wherein the said process comprising steps of;
Preparation of conventional sparkler comprising the steps of:
weighing of ingredients under inert conditions;
mixing of ingredients by sieving a minimum of three times;
preparation of homogenous slurry by using the binder and solvent;
providing conventional sparkler comprising the ingredients selected from aluminum 222 (0.4-0.6%), aluminum 999 (6.8-7.2%), barium nitrate (49.9-51.9%), white dextrin (9.2-9.7%), gum acacia (0.4-0.6%), iron powder (31-32%), boric acid (0.09-0.11) with preferable composition comprising aluminum 222 (0.5%), aluminum 999 (7%), barium nitrate (50.9%), white dextrin (9.5%), gum acacia (0.5%), iron powder (31.5%), boric acid (0.1%).
immersing the metal rod of Copper/stainless steel in slurry to make coating and followed by drying in natural sunlight.
repeating the coating process of step (e) 2-3 times for preparing the conventional sparkler.
Coating the conventional sparkler with the coating composition developed in the present invention comprising the steps of:
weighing the additives under inert conditions;
sieving of powder for minimum three times;
preparation a slurry of additive materials along with solvent/binder;
immersing the conventional sparkler of step (f) in the slurry/mixture of step (i) to coat the composition thereon followed by drying in natural sunlight to obtain the desired functional sparklers with reduced emissions.
In still another embodiment of the present invention, the new functional sparkler is invented based on additional coating of adsorptive/reactive materials for reducing PM and gaseous emissions therefrom.
In yet another embodiment of the present invention, the conventional sparkler is used for coating without altering its original composition used by manufacturer.
In still another embodiment of the present invention, the coating materials invented are zeolite, Fe2O3, calcium peroxide, PANI, wax, polysiloxanes etc. singly or in combination but not restricted thereto.
In still another embodiment of the present invention, the inorganic materials like iron oxide upon ignition sequester oxidizers and forms stable oxides like barium ferrite, strontium ferrite and related ferrites
In yet another embodiment of the present invention, the inorganic material - Zeolite, upon ignition act as adsorbent for gases and PM emission.
In still another embodiment of the present invention, the invented inorganic materials zeolite, iron oxide acts as an additional oxidizer to support the ignition.
In yet another embodiment of the present invention, the materials like zeolite undergo fragmentation at high temperature of ignition leading to formation of sodium silicates and aluminates which act as dust suppressant.
In still another embodiment of the present invention, the materials like zeolite, iron oxide etc. undergo fragmentation at high temperature of ignition leading to formation of finer sized zeolites and iron oxides for sorption of acidic gases (CO2, SO2 & NOx) by virtue of their alkaline nature and amphoteric properties.
In yet another embodiment of the present invention, the materials like finer sized zeolite act as dust suppressant by virtue of their alkaline nature and amphoteric properties respectively leading to agglomeration with dust particles and soil fallout.
In still another embodiment of the present invention, the materials like finer sized iron oxide act as sequestrant of metals and prevents its release in the environment.
In yet another embodiment of the present invention, the inorganic material – calcium peroxide upon ignition releases oxygen and water and forms alkaline oxide reducing for gaseous emissions and functions as dust suppressant.
In still another embodiment of the present invention, the organic materials PANI, wax upon ignition form carbon which functions as encapsulant to prevent release of PM and gaseous emissions.
In yet another embodiment of the present invention, the organic materials like polysiloxanes upon ignition form silica carbon composite which functions as encapsulant to prevent release of PM and gaseous emissions.
In still another embodiment of the present invention, the invented organic materials PANI, wax act as a fuel to support the luminescence of colored flames and spark.
In yet another embodiment of the present invention, the materials like carbon (from organic materials) etc. but not restricting to it act as encapsulant for dust and gaseous emissions.
In still another embodiment of the present invention, the particulate matter emissions are reduced by minimum 30-80% compared to the commercial sparkler available in market.
In yet another embodiment of the present invention, the illumination effect of colorful sparks and flames in the sparklers coated with the composition developed in the present invention is same as in the commercial sparker available in the market.
In still another embodiment of the invention, significant reduction of PM emission almost by 30 to 80% is achieved when coating is done on the sparkler as compared to the commercial sparkler.
In yet another embodiment of the invention, incorporation of inorganic materials like iron oxide is done such that it acts as a sequestration agent for forming stable oxides like barium ferrite with consequent reduction in PM and metal emissions.
In still another embodiment of the invention, incorporation of inorganic materials like zeolite is done as an adsorptive material and encapsulant for reducing PM and gaseous emissions.
In yet another embodiment of the invention, incorporation of inorganic materials like calcium peroxide is done as oxygen and water releaser and encapsulant for reducing PM and gaseous emissions.
In still another embodiment of the invention, incorporation of organic polymer such as shellac, wax is done which upon ignition goes through number of steps to form carbon based encapsulant which acts as reactive/adsorptive materials for reducing PM and gaseous emissions.
In yet another embodiment of the invention, incorporation of organic polymer polyaniline (PANI) and the like are done which upon ignition goes through number of steps to act as carbon based encapsulant for reducing PM and gaseous emissions.
In still another embodiment of the invention, the adsorptive potential of materials like zeolite, Fe2O3 etc. are incorporated but not restricting thereto for adsorbing CO, CO2, SOx and NOx.
In yet another embodiment of the invention, the use of functional material like PANI, wax, PDMS etc. but not restricting thereto is done for dust suppression upon ignition.
In still another embodiment of the invention, materials like zeolite, Fe2O3, silica, aluminosilicates (but not restricting to it) are used in conjunction with polymers to act as dust suppressant by virtue of their amphoteric nature respectively.
In yet another embodiment of the invention, materials like Fe2O3, silica, (but not restricting to it) are used in conjunction with polymers to act as dust suppressant by virtue of their sequestration potential.
In still another embodiment of the invention, the coating composition developed in the instant invention with reduced chemicals and additives leads to reduced particulate matter emissions (minimum of 30--80%) compared to the commercial sparkler available in market.
In yet another embodiment, the coating composition developed in the present invention with reduced chemicals and additives leads to significant reduction in SOx and NOx emissions.
In still another embodiment of the invention, similar functional efficiency of sparklers coated with the composition developed in the present invention with matching performance in terms of luminescence, burning time, burning glow diameter, sparks and flames was observed as in the case of commercial sparklers available in the market.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to the modification of conventional high emission fireworks (sparklers) so as to result into sparklers with low emissions (particulate and gaseous) by providing an additional functional coating layer of adsorptive/reactive/encapsulant materials on the conventional sparklers without altering their basic components and compositions. The functionalization of sparkler with materials imparts unique properties to the sparklers so as to reduce emission by virtue of:
tailored properties of selective sorption and sequestration for targeted reduction in emissions;
provides hydrophobicity to enhance resistance to moisture attack;
in-situ generation of encapsulant function as capping agent for controlling emissions upon ignition; and
release of oxygen and water and formation of encapsulant for controlling emissions.
Specifically, the present invention focuses on coating compositions as well as coating techniques and materials to reduce the emissions by a minimum of 30 to 80% in the coated sparkler as against the conventional sparkler available in market. The invention employs additives and promoters for in-situ generation of sorbent and encapsulant with concomitant hydrophobicity for reducing environmental footprint and chemical footprint and also increasing resistance to moisture attack with consequent increase in average life of fireworks. The concept is based on incorporation of inorganic materials like Fe2O3, Zeolite, CaO2 and organic materials like wax, PANI, shellac, polysiloxanes (but not restricted to it) singly or in combination to reduce the emissions by multiple prevalent mechanisms like their adsorption /reaction /encapsulation and sequestration singly or in combination depending on the type of coating. The invention with the additional coating layer facilitates to achieve lower emissions without altering the basic compositions. The application is not limited to sparkler, it is also applicable to all types of crackers/fireworks, explosive and other types of higher emission releasing items with marginal changes in compositions using coating as per their targeted application.
The chemical reaction of these materials is very complex as it involves interaction of number of pollutants with materials. The probable reaction and function of adsoptive/reactive materials is as follows-
Metal oxide (oxidizer) + Iron oxide = Metal ferrites
Zeolite ? Adsorption reaction (acts as adsorbent for PM and gases emission)
Wax ? Carbon Encapsulation (acts as encapsulant for PM and gases emission)
PANI ? Carbon encapsulation post ignition forms carbon coating which acts as an encapsulant cum adsorbent for PM and gases emission
Shellac: Carbon encapsulation (acts as encapsulant for PM and gases emission)
Polysiloxanes: Silica/carbon composite
Aluminosilicates: dust suppressant for PM
The invention shows very encouraging results in terms of both reduced particulate matter and gaseous (SOx, NOx, etc.) emissions. The materials used in coating are zeolite, Fe2O3, PANI, wax and shellac either singly or in combination.
The concept of preparing functionally coated sparklers is presented herein below –
coating adsorptive/reactive materials layers on the conventional sparkler;
the coating materials upon ignition act as an encapsulant/adsorbent/reactant to reduce the PM and gaseous emissions;
Fe2O3 upon ignition may react with oxidisers and form stable oxides thus acting as a sequestration agent for PM and gaseous emissions and metals;
Zeolite upon ignition acts as an adsorbent for PM and gaseous emissions;
PANI, wax, shellac on ignition react with chemicals in the sparkler and form carbon which acts as encapsulant cum adsorbent to reduce the PM and gaseous emissions.

The details of materials used in the preparation of the coating composition invented in the present invention useful for coating the conventional sparklers are as follows-
Zeolite
Zeolite possesses a three-dimensional, microporous, crystal structure build from the elements Al, O and Si with alkali and alkaline earth metals (e.g. Na, K, Mg). The framework structure of Zeolite contains linked cages, cavities or channels, that allows it to trap other small molecules and/or ions. It has very high surface area in the range of 500-700 m2/g and high ion exchange capacity. The zeolite used in this study was purchased from M/s. Credox (Gujrat Credo Mineral Industries Ltd., Ahmadabad, Gujrat, India).
Iron oxide
Iron oxide (Fe2O3) is an inorganic compound composed of iron and oxide used for the coating. It was purchased from M/s. Merk Specialities Pvt. Ltd, Mumbai, India.
Calcium peroxide:
Calcium peroxide (CaO2) is solid inorganic compound purchased from M/s. Sigma Aldrich. It is insoluble in water, stable against decomposition and hydrolyzes when comes in contact with atmospheric moisture.
CaO2 ? CaO + 1/2O2 + H2O
PANI
PANI stands for Polyaniline, which is a conductive polymer, dark green in colour having particle size of 1-100 microns. It was supplied by M/s. NOCIL Limited, Mumbai.
Wax
Wax used for the purposes of the instant invention was the paraffin wax of hard fats, of commercial grade purchased locally. It has general formula CnH2n+2. The hydrocarbon C31H64 is a typical component of paraffin wax.
Shellac
Shellac powder used in this study was supplied by the Standard Fireworks Private Limited, Sivakasi, Tamilnadu, India. It has molecular formula C30H50O11.
Shellac lacquer
Shellac lacquer used in this study was A1-Super coat polish (local brand) procured from the local market of Nagpur, India.
Polysiloxanes
Polysiloxanes are also known as Silicones. They are synthetic polymers prepared by alternating chain of silicon and oxygen atoms combined with hydrocarbon. Polysiloxanes sealant used was purchased from ‘Astral Adhesives’. The sealant is used in combination with thinners (acetone) to make 2% coating of slurry polysiloxanes.
The inventive aspects associated with the use of these materials are as follows:
functionalization of sparkler with zeolite material based polymeric coating possesses unique properties to reduce emission by virtue of tailored properties of zeolite for selective sorption and sequestration for targeted reduction in metal and gaseous emissions with concomitant hydrophobicity provided by polymer including PANI, polydimethyl siloxanes (PDMS) to enhance resistance to moisture attack prior to ignition.
functionalization of sparkler with iron oxide material based polymeric coating possesses unique properties to reduce emission by virtue of formation stable oxides like barium ferrites etc. with concomitant hydrophobicity provided by polymer including PANI, PDMS to enhance resistance to moisture attack prior to ignition
Usage of alkaline peroxides leads to release of oxygen and water and formation of encapsulant like alkaline oxides (CaO, but not restricting to it) for controlling emissions upon ignition.
Usage of polymeric materials leads to in-situ generation of encapsulant which in turn functions as capping agent for controlling emissions upon ignition.
Formation of stable oxides like ferrites, nanosized zeolites, iron oxides on ignition are sources of negative ion generation (O2-) which agglomerates dust.
The novel and inventive aspects of the invention reside in the combined synergistic usage of additives and promoters including inorganic and organic materials like calcium peroxide, aluminosilicates, zeolite, iron oxide, PANI, wax, polysiloxanes (but not restricted to these) singly or in combination for in-situ generation of sorbent and encapsulant through multiple transformation steps to form encapsulants including carbon, silica and their composites for reducing environmental footprint. They also increase resistance to moisture attack (prior to ignition) with consequent increase in average life of fireworks. These in-situ generated encapsulants like ferrites fragmented zeolites and iron oxides are source of negative ion generation by thermoionic emissions thus facilitating dust agglomeration, suppression and sorbing gaseous emissions to reduce the emission level drastically.
EXAMPLES
The following examples are given by way of illustration only and therefore should not be construed to limit the scope of the present invention in any manner.
Example-1
Preparation of conventional sparkler (as per the composition used commonly by the manufacturer):
Weighing of ingredients in inert conditions
mixing of ingredients by sieving a minimum of three times
the limited range % composition of conventional sparkler used in this invention is aluminum 222 (0.4-0.6%), aluminum 999 (6.8-7.2%), barium nitrate (49.9-51.9%), white dextrin (9.3-9.7%), gum acacia (0.4-0.6%), iron powder (31-32%), boric acid (0.09-0.11) with preferable composition aluminum 222 (0.45-0.55%), aluminum 999 (6.5-7.5%), barium nitrate (48.9-52.9%), gum acacia (0.45-0.55%), iron powder (30-33%), boric acid (0.095-0.15%).
Preparing the slurry using binder dextrin (9-10%) and water
addition of composition of (c) in dextrin slurry of (d) to make homogenous slurry mixture of sparkler.
immersing the metal rod of copper/stainless steel in slurry (e) to make coating and followed by drying in natural sunlight.
repeated the above coating process of (f) 2-3 times for the making of conventional sparkler.
Coating of conventional sparkler with zeolite powder
Weighing of zeolite powder (ZP) in inert conditions
sieving of powder for minimum three times
preparation of slurry of zeolite powder by using appropriate quantity of binder of shellac lacquer.
immersing the conventional sparkler of step (g) in the slurry of step (j) to make the coating layer of adsorptive/reactive/encapsulant materials and followed by drying in natural sunlight.
The sample so prepared is designated as SPK-1
Table 1: Composition of the sparkler SPK-1

Materials
Conventional sparkler compositions Coating component and binders/solvent**
Al 222
(%)
Al 999
(%) Ba (NO3)2
Oxidizer
(%) White Dextrin
(%)
Gum acacia
(%) Iron Powder
(%)
Boric Acid
(%) Zeolite powder
(% wt.) Shellac lacquer
(% volume)
Quantity (%) 0.5 7.0 50.9
9.5 0.5 31.5 0.1
20 100
** prepared by addition of 2 gm (range 1.8 to 2.2 gm) zeolite powder in 10 ml (9-11 ml) shellac lacquer
The sparkler prepared using above composition of SPK-1 was subjected to emissions monitoring. The result claimed with evidence from emission testing are as follows:
Table 2: Emission testing result of SPK-1 using shellac lacquer with zeolite powder
Sparkler type weight of sparkler (g) PM10 (mg/m³) Emission load
PM10
(mg/m³/g) PM2.5 (mg/m³) Emission load
PM2.5
(mg/m³/g) SO2 (ppm) NOX (ppm)
Commercial Sparkler – Amar 5.89 9.77 1.66 9.20 1.56 0.5 7.1
Sparkler – SPK-1 (SLZ)
# Coating 5.44 7.17 1.32 6.97 1.28 0.2 3.9
% Reduction in PM 20.5 % in PM10
18.02 % in PM2.5
*above values are by dilution method
* burned weight of sparkler is considered for normalization
# Coating containing slurry of 2 gm (range 1.8 to 2.2 gm) zeolite powder and 10 ml (9 to 11 ml) of shellac lacquer layered on commercial Amar Sparkler

Example-2
Another sparkler SPK-2 was done by using zeolite powder with poly vinyl alcohol (PVA). All the steps followed in preparing the sparkler SPK-2 were the same as mentioned in example 1 except for using 4% PVA solution instead of shellac lacquer with Zeolite powder coating. The detailed composition with zeolite powder and PVA used is as follows -
Table 3: Composition of the sparkler SPK-2

Materials
Conventional sparkler compositions Coating component and binders/solvent**
Al 222
(%)
Al 999
(%) Ba (NO3)2
Oxidizer
(%) White Dextrin
(%)
Gum acacia
(%) Iron Powder
(%)
Boric Acid
(%) Zeolite powder
(% wt.) 4%
PVA solution
(% volume)
Quantity (%) 0.5 7.0 50.9
9.5 0.5 31.5 0.1 20 100
** prepared by addition of 2 gm (range 1.8 to 2.2 gm) zeolite powder in 10 ml (9 to 11 ml) 4% PVA solution
The sparkler prepared using above composition of SPK-2 was subjected to emissions monitoring. The result claimed with evidence from emission testing are as follows:
Table 4: Emission testing result of SPK-2 using PVA with zeolite powder
Sparkler type weight of sparkler (g) PM10 (mg/m³) Emission load
PM10
(mg/m³/g) PM2.5 (mg/m³) Emission load
PM2.5
(mg/m³/g) SO2 (ppm) NOX (ppm)
Commercial Sparkler - Amar 5.89 9.77 1.66 9.20 1.56 0.5 7.1
Sparkler SPK-2 (PVA-ZP) coating# 5.23 2.07 0.40 1.70 0.33 0.2 4.9
% Reduction in PM 76 % in PM10
79 % in PM2.5
*above values are by dilution method
* burned weight of sparkler is considered for normalization
# Coating containing slurry of 10 ml (range-9 to 11 ml) of 4% PVA solution and 2 g (1.8 to 2.2 gm) of Zeolite powder layered on commercial Amar Sparkler
Example-3
Another development of sparkler SPK-3 is using zeolite powder with wax. All the steps followed in preparing the sparkler SPK-3 was the same as mentioned in example 1 except for using 1 gm of zeolite powder in 10 gm of wax instead of using zeolite powder with shellac lacquer. The detailed composition with zeolite powder and wax used is as follows-
Table 5: Composition of the sparkler SPK-3

Materials
Conventional sparkler compositions Coating component and binders**
Al 222
(%)
Al 999
(%) Ba (NO3)2
Oxidizer
(%) White Dextrin
(%)
Gum acacia
(%) Iron Powder
(%)
Boric Acid
(%) Zeolite powder
(% wt.) Wax
(% wt.)
Quantity (%) 0.5 7.0 50.9
9.5 0.5 31.5 0.1 10 100
** prepared by mixing of 1 gm (range 0.9 to 1.1gm) of zeolite powder and 10 gm (range 9.6 to 10.4 gm) wax
The sparkler prepared using above composition of SPK-3 was subjected to emissions monitoring. The result claimed with evidence from emission testing are as follows:
Table 6: Emission testing result of SPK-3 using wax with zeolite powder
Sparkler type weight of sparkler (g) PM10 (mg/m³) Emission load
PM10
(mg/m³/g) PM2.5 (mg/m³) Emission load
PM2.5
(mg/m³/g) SO2 (ppm) NOX (ppm)
Commercial Sparkler - Amar 5.89 9.77 1.66 9.20 1.56 0.5 7.1
Sparkler SPK 3 (Zp +
WAX) Coating 5.58 5.33 0.96 5.03 0.90 NA NA
% Reduction in PM 42 % in PM10
42 % in PM2.5
*above values are by dilution method
* burned weight of sparkler is considered for normalization
# Coating containing slurry/mixture of 1 gm (range 0.9 to 1.1 gm) of zeolite powder and 10 gm (range 9.6 to 10.4 gm) wax in layered on commercial Amar Sparkler
Example 4
All the steps followed in preparing the sparkler SPK-4 was the same as mentioned in example 1 except for using shellac lacquer with Fe2O3 coating instead of shellac lacquer with Zeolite powder coating.
Table 7: Composition of the sparkler SPK-4

Materials
Conventional sparkler compositions Coating component and binders/solvent**
Al 222
(%)
Al 999
(%) Ba (NO3)2
Oxidizer
(%) White Dextrin
(%)
Gum acacia
(%) Iron Powder
(%)
Boric Acid
(%) Fe2O3
(% wt.) Shellac lacquer
(% volume)
Quantity (%) 0.5 7.0 50.9
9.5 0.5 31.5 0.1 50 100
** prepared by 5 gm (4.8 to 5.2 gm) of Fe2O3 in 10 ml (9 to 11 ml) shellac lacquer
The sparkler prepared using above composition of SPK-4 was subjected to emissions monitoring. The result claimed with evidence from emission testing are as follows:
Table 8: Emission testing result of SPK-4 using shellac lacquer with Fe2O3
Sparkler type weight of sparkler (g) PM10 (mg/m³) Emission load
PM10
(mg/m³/g) PM2.5 (mg/m³) Emission load
PM2.5
(mg/m³/g) SO2 (ppm) NOX (ppm)
Commercial Sparkler – Amar 5.89 9.77 1.66 9.20 1.56 0.5 7.1
Sparkler – SPK 4 Coating# 2.49 2.10 0.85 1.83 0.73 0.6 5.3
% Reduction in PM 49 % in PM10
53 % in PM2.5
*above values are by dilution method
# Coating containing slurry of 5 gm (range 4.8 to 5.2gm) Fe2O3 and 10 ml (9 to 11 ml) of Shellac Lacquer layered on commercial Amar Sparkler
* burned weight of sparkler is considered for normalization
Example 5
Another development of the sparkler is shellac ethanol with Fe2O3 (SPK-5). All the steps followed in preparing the sparkler SPK-5 was the same as mentioned in example 1 except for using shellac ethanol with Fe2O3 coating instead of shellac lacquer with Zeolite powder coating. The details of the composition are as follows-
Table 9: Composition of sparkler SPK-5

Materials
Conventional sparkler compositions Coating component and binders/solvent**
Al 222
(%)
Al 999
(%) Ba (NO3)2
Oxidizer
(%) White Dextrin
(%)
Gum acacia
(%) Iron Powder
(%)
Boric Acid
(%) Fe2O3
(% wt.) Shellac ethanol
## (% volume)
Quantity (%) 0.5 7.0 50.9
9.5 0.5 31.5 0.1 50 100
## prepared by addition of 5 gm (4.8 to 5.2 gm) shellac in 10 ml (9 to 11 ml) ethanol
**prepared by addition of 5 gm Fe2O3 in 10 ml above mixture of ##.
The sparkler prepared using above composition of SPK-5 was subjected to emissions monitoring. The result claimed with evidence from emission testing are as follows:
Table 10: Emission testing result of SPK-5 using shellac ethanol with Fe2O3
Sparkler type weight of sparkler (g) PM10 (mg/m³) Emission load
PM10
(mg/m³/g) PM2.5 (mg/m³) Emission load
PM2.5
(mg/m³/g) SO2 (ppm) NOX (ppm)
Commercial Sparkler - Amar 5.89 9.77 1.66 9.20 1.56 0.5 7.1
Sparkler – SPK-5 Coating # 5.07 4.37 0.86 4.17 0.82 0.2 4.5
% Reduction in PM 48% in PM10
47% in PM2.5
*above values are by dilution method
# Coating containing slurry of 5 gm (range 4.8 to 5.2 gm) of Shellac, 10 ml (range 9 to 11 ml) ethanol and in 5 g (range 4.8 to 5.2 gm) of Ferric Oxide layered on commercial Amar Sparkler
*Burned wt. of the sparkler is considered for normalization
Example 6
Another development of the sparkler is Fe2O3 coating with boric acid (BA) in shellac ethanol (SPK- 6). All the steps followed in preparing the sparkler SPK-6 was the same as mentioned in example 1 except for using boric acid with Fe2O3 coating instead of shellac lacquer with Zeolite powder coating. The details of the composition is as follows-
Table 11: Composition of the sparkler SPK-6

Materials
Conventional sparkler compositions Coating component and binders/solvent**
Al 222
(%)
Al 999
(%) Ba (NO3)2
Oxidizer
(%) White Dextrin
(%)
Gum acacia
(%) Iron Powder
(%)
Boric Acid
(%) Fe2O3
(% wt.) Boric acid Shellac ethanol
## (% volume)
Quantity (%) 0.5 7.0 50.9
9.5 0.5 31.5 0.1 50 100
## prepared by addition of 5 gm (range 4.8 to 5.2 gm) shellac, 2 gm (range 1.8 to 2.2 gm) boric acid in 10 ml (range 9 to 11 ml) ethanol
** prepared by addition of 5 gm (4.8 to 5.2 gm) of Fe2O3 in 10 ml (9 to 11 ml) above mixture of ##.
** Coating slurry prepared by addition of 5 gm (4.8 to 5.2 gm) of shellac in 10 ml (9 to 11 ml) ethanol followed by 2 gm (1.8 to 2.2 gm) boric acid addition.
The sparkler prepared using above composition of SPK-6 was subjected to emissions monitoring. The result claimed with evidence from emission testing are as follows:
Table 12: Emission testing result of SPK-6 using shellac ethanol with Fe2O3 and boric acid
Sparkler type weight of sparkler (g) PM10 (mg/m³) Emission load
PM10
(mg/m³/g) PM2.5 (mg/m³) Emission load
PM2.5
(mg/m³/g) SO2 (ppm) NOX (ppm)
Commercial Sparkler - Amar 5.89 9.77 1.66 9.20 1.56 0.5 7.1
Sparkler – SPK 6 coating # 5.38 4.67 0.87 4.33 0.81 NA NA
% Reduction in PM 48% in PM10
48% in PM2.5
*above values are by dilution method
# Coating containing slurry of 5 gm of shellac, 2 gm (1.8 to 2.2 gm) of boric acid, 10 ml (9 to 11 ml) ethanol and 5 g (4.8 to 5.2 gm) of Ferric oxide layered on commercial Amar Sparkler
*Wt. of the sparkler is considered for normalization
Example 7
All the steps followed in preparing the sparkler SPK-7 was the same as mentioned in example 1 except for using PANI instead of zeolite
Table 13: Composition of the sparkler SPK-7

Materials
Conventional sparkler compositions Coating component and binders/solvent**
Al 222
(%)
Al 999
(%) Ba (NO3)2
Oxidizer
(%) White Dextrin
(%)
Gum acacia
(%) Iron Powder
(%)
Boric Acid
(%) PANI
(% wt.) Shellac Lacquer
(% volume)

Quantity (%) 0.5 7.0 50.9
9.5 0.5 31.5 0.1 20 100
** prepared by addition of 2 gm (1.8 to 2.2 gm) of PANI in 10 ml (9 to 11 ml) shellac lacquer.
The sparkler prepared using above composition of SPK-7 was subjected to emissions monitoring. The result claimed with evidence from emission testing are as follows:

Table 14: Emission testing result of SPK-7 using shellac lacquer and PANI
Sparkler type weight of sparkler (g) PM10 (mg/m³) Emission load
PM10
(mg/m³/g) PM2.5 (mg/m³) Emission load
PM2.5
(mg/m³/g) SO2 (ppm) NOX (ppm)
Commercial Sparkler - Amar 5.89 9.77 1.66 9.20 1.56 0.5 7.1
Sparkler – SPK 7 Coating# 4.02 0.77 0.19 0.33 0.08 0.4 4.8
% Reduction in PM 89 % in PM10
94 % in PM2.5
* burned weight of sparkler is considered for normalization
*above values are by dilution method
# Coating containing slurry of 10 ml (9 to 11 ml) of shellac lacquer and 2 g (1.8 to 2.2 gm) PANI layered on commercial Amar sparkler
Example 8
Another development is the use of shellac ethanol with PANI instead of lacquer. All the steps followed in preparing the sparkler SPK-8 was the same as mentioned in example 1 except for using PANI shellac ethanol instead of zeolite shellac lacquer. The detailed composition of SPK-8 are as follows
Table 15: Composition of the sparkler SPK-8

Materials
Conventional sparkler compositions Coating component and binders/solvent**
Al 222
(%)
Al 999
(%) Ba (NO3)2
Oxidizer
(%) White Dextrin
(%)
Gum acacia
(%) Iron Powder
(%)
Boric Acid
(%) PANI
(% wt.) Shellac ethanol##
(% volume)

Quantity (%) 0.5 7.0 50.9
9.5 0.5 31.5 0.1 20 100
## prepared by the addition of 2 gm (1.8 to 2.2 gm) shellac in 10 ml (9 to 11 ml) ethanol
** prepared by the addition of 2 gm (1.8 to 2.2 gm) PANI in 10 ml (range 9 to 11 ml) above mixture of ##.
The sparkler prepared using above composition of SPK-8 was subjected to emissions monitoring. The result claimed with evidence from emission testing are as follows:
Table 16: Emission testing result of SPK-8 using shellac ethanol with PANI
Sparkler type weight of sparkler (g) PM10 (mg/m³) Emission load
PM10
(mg/m³/g) PM2.5 (mg/m³) Emission load
PM2.5
(mg/m³/g) SO2 (ppm) NOX (ppm)
Commercial Sparkler - Amar 5.89 9.77 1.66 9.20 1.56 0.5 7.1
Sparkler – SPK 8 # Coating 5.36 4.03 0.75 3.87 0.72 0.5 4.7
% Reduction in PM 55 % in PM10
54 % in PM2.5
* burned weight of sparkler is considered for normalization
*above values are by dilution method
# Coating containing slurry of 2 gm (1.8 to 2.2 gm) shellac, 10 ml (9 to 11 ml) ethanol and 2 gm (1.8 to 2.2 gm) of PANI layered on commercial sparkler
Example 9
Another development is the use of wax with PANI. All the steps followed in preparing the sparkler SPK-9 was the same as mentioned in example 1 & 2 except for using PANI wax instead of zeolite shellac lacquer/zeolite wax. The detailed compositions of SPK-9 are as follows
Table 17: Composition of the sparkler SPK-9

Materials
Conventional sparkler compositions Coating component and binders/solvent**
Al 222
(%)
Al 999
(%) Ba (NO3)2
Oxidizer
(%) White Dextrin
(%)
Gum acacia
(%) Iron Powder
(%)
Boric Acid
(%) PANI
(% wt.)
Wax
(% wt.)

Quantity (%) 0.5 7.0 50.9
9.5 0.5 31.5 0.1 20
100
** prepared mixing of 2 gm (range 1.8 to 2.2 gm) PANI with 10 gm (range 9.6 to 10.4 gm) wax
The sparkler prepared using above composition of SPK-9 was subjected to emissions monitoring. The result claimed with evidence from emission testing are as follows:
Table 18: Emission testing result of SPK-9 using wax with PANI
Sparkler type weight of sparkler (g) PM10 (mg/m³) Emission load
PM10
(mg/m³/g) PM2.5 (mg/m³) Emission load
PM2.5
(mg/m³/g) SO2 (ppm) NOX (ppm)
Commercial Sparkler - Amar 5.89 9.77 1.66 9.20 1.56 0.5 7.1
Sparkler – SPK 9 # Coating 4.15 4.50 1.08 4.50 1.08 0 1.4
% Reduction in PM 35 % in PM10
31 % in PM2.5
*burned weight of sparkler is considered for normalization
*above values are by dilution method
# Coating containing mixture of 2 gm (range 1.8 to 2.2 gm) of PANI and 10 gm (range 9.6 to 10.4 gm) of wax layered on commercial amar sparkler

Example 10
All the steps followed in preparing the sparkler SPK-10 was the same as mentioned in example 1 except for using wax instead of zeolite shellac lacquer as a coating agent
Table 19: Composition of the sparkler SPK-10

Materials
Conventional sparkler compositions Coating component and binders/solvent**
Al 222
(%)
Al 999
(%) Ba (NO3)2
Oxidizer
(%) White Dextrin
(%)
Gum acacia
(%) Iron Powder
(%)
Boric Acid
(%) Wax
(% wt.)
Quantity (%) 0.5 7.0 50.9
9.5 0.5 31.5 0.1 100

** commercially purchased wax used directly without any treatment or preparation.
The sparkler prepared using above composition of SPK-5 was subjected to emissions monitoring. The result claimed with evidence from emission testing are as follows:
Table 20: Emission testing result of SPK-10 using wax
Sparkler type weight of sparkler (g) PM10 (mg/m³) Emission load
PM10
(mg/m³/g) PM2.5 (mg/m³) Emission load
PM2.5
(mg/m³/g) SO2 (ppm) NOX (ppm)
Commercial Sparkler - Amar 5.89 9.77 1.66 9.20 1.56 0.5 7.1
Sparkler – SPK 10# Coating 5.93 5.77 0.97 5.40 0.91 1.1 2.5
% Reduction in PM 42 % in PM10
42 % in PM2.5
*burned weight of sparkler is considered for normalization
*above values are by dilution method
# commercially purchased wax used directly for the coating layer on commercial Amar sparkler.
Example 11
The next experiment was done with the aim to reduce emission from cracker using the developed coating composition for cracker/sutali bomb by wrapping same in Comet shell coated with Fe2O3.
Preparation of conventional cracker (as per the composition used by the firecracker manufacturer):
Weighing of ingredients in inert conditions
mixing of ingredients by sieving a minimum of three times
the limited range % composition of conventional sparkler used in this invention is aluminum 999 and potassium nitrate is shown in Table 21 below.
the prepared composition placed in paper shell and wrapped in sutali to make the sutali bomb same as available in market.
Coating the comet and sealing the sutali bomb
Weighing of iron oxide powder in inert conditions
sieving of powder for minimum three times
Preparation of slurry of iron oxide by using appropriate quantity of binder shellac lacquer.
Coating the comet shell with slurry of (g) from inside
Placing the sutali bomb of (d) in comet shell of (h) and sealing the comet shell with adhesive/fevicol.
The detailed composition used for the coating of comet shell and cracker is as follows-
Table 21: Composition of reduced emission cracker

Materials
Cracker compositions Coating component **
binders/solvent
for coating**
Al powder 999
(%) KMnO4
Oxidizer
(%) Fe2O3
(% wt.)
Shellac lacquer
(% volume)
Quantity (%) 13.0
(range 11 to 15) 87
(range 84 to 90) 10
100

** sutali bomb of above composition is kept in comet shell coated with iron oxide
The cracker prepared using above composition in comet shell was subjected to emissions monitoring. The result claimed with evidence from emission testing are as follows:
Table 22: Emission testing results of cracker
Cracker type weight of cracker (g) PM10 (mg/m³) Emission load
PM10
(mg/m³/g) PM2.5 (mg/m³) Emission load
PM2.5
(mg/m³/g) SO2
(ppm) NOx
(ppm)
Sutali Bomb 4.84 10.80 2.23 9.60 1.98 NA NA
Sutali Bomb in Comet Cracker with Fe2O3 Coating 8.68 9.97 1.15 9.53 1.10 NA NA
% Reduction in PM 48 % PM10
44 % PM2.5
*weight of cracker is considered for normalization
*above values are averaged & by dilution method
ADVANTAGES OF THE INVENTION
Functionalization of fireworks by easy and simple coating technique without altering the basic composition/ structure of conventional sparkler.
Functional material on sparklers provides barrier for absorption of moisture with consequent resistance to moisture attack.
Coated materials have unique properties of forming encapsulant to prevent release of PM and gaseous emissions upon ignition.
Coated materials have unique properties of adsorbing/reacting with metals and gaseous emissions upon ignition.
Overcomes issues of particulate and gaseous emissions with PM reduction by 30-80% due to the adsorbent/reactive layer on sparkler and significant SOx and NOx reduction.
No alteration in chemicals or composition used by conventional sparkler manufacturer.
Easy, simple and environment-friendly inorganic materials identified for coating like zeolite, iron oxide, aluminosilicates, calcium peroxide, silica etc. to reduce PM and gaseous emission post sparkler ignition.
Organic materials used for coating are low cost and commonly available like shellac, polysiloxanes, PANI, wax etc. which on ignition lead to formation of carbon when subjected to high temperature ignition.
Organic materials like polysiloxanes on ignition generate silica carbon composite as encapsulant for reducing emissions.
Fragmentation of zeolite at high temperature produces active ingredients such as sodium silicates and sodium aluminates and finer sized zeolites to function as dust suppressant and sorbent respectively.
Functional zeolite materials act as a dust suppressant by virtue of alkaline nature and hygroscopicity.
Zeolite and iron oxide used in sparkler act as an adsorbent for gases emission viz. CO, CO2, SO2 and NO2
Functional sparkler shows matching performance in terms of luminescence, burning time, glowing diameters and visual colourful show of sparks and flames as compared to commercial sparklers available in market.

CLAIMS:We claim:
1. A coating composition for preparing functional fireworks with reduced emissions wherein the said composition comprising:
[a] additives in the range of 1 to 5 wt %; and
[b] solvent/ binder in the range of 2 to 10 vol%.
2. The coating composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the solvent or binder used is selected from the group consisting of shellac, PVA solution, shellac lacquer, ethanol, wax, boric acid either singly or in any combination.
3. The coating composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the additives are selected from the group consisting of zeolite powder, iron oxide, calcium peroxide, PANI, polysiloxanes and wax either singly or in any combination.
4. The coating composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ratio of additives to solvent/binder is 2 (wt.) :10 (vol.).
5. The coating composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein it exhibits good results in terms of stability and emission reduction with the coating of PANI and Shellac lacquer in the ratio of 2 (wt.):10 (vol.) showing emissions reduction of 85-95%.
6. The coating composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the said composition comprises PANI and Shellac lacquer.
7. A process for the preparation of the composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the steps comprising mixing 1 to 5 wt. % of the additives along with 2 to 10 vol % of the solvent/binder at room temperature and stirring at 150 to 200 rpm.
8. A process for the preparation of functional fireworks with reduced emissions using the composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the steps comprising:
[a] providing a conventional sparkler;
[b] weighing the additives under inert conditions followed by sieving the powder for minimum three times;
[c] adding solvent/ binder to the powder as obtained in step [b] either singly or in combination to prepare a slurry;
[d] immersing the conventional sparkler of step [a] in the slurry obtained in step [c] followed by drying in natural sunlight to obtain the desired functional fireworks.