Claims:We Claim:
1. A nozzle (100) for an induration furnace (200), the nozzle (100) comprising:
an elongated body (10) defined with an air injection portion (3a) with at least one air passage (3);
a fuel supply tube (7) positioned coaxially in the elongated body (10), such that an outlet the fuel supply tube (7) is proximal to the air injection portion (3a);
an atomizing portion (4) defined within the elongated body (10) and configured to receive pressurized air from the at least one air passage (3) and fuel through the fuel supply tube (7);
a divergent portion (8) extending forwardly from the atomizing portion (4) to receive atomized air and fuel;
a nozzle tip (6) defined with a plurality of apertures (5) fluidly connected to the divergent portion (8) for spraying the atomized air-fuel mixture at high velocity;
wherein, each of the plurality of apertures (5) are inclined upwardly with respect to a longitudinal axis (X-X) of the elongated tube (10) for generating an inline flame in the induration furnace (200).

2. The nozzle (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein plurality of apertures (5) range from 6 to 12 in number.

3. The nozzle (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the plurality of apertures (5) are aligned along a pitch circle of the nozzle tip (6).

4. The nozzle (100) as claimed in claim 3, wherein diameter of the pitch circle ranges from 8 mm to 20 mm.

5. The nozzle (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the nozzle tip (6) is defined by a first surface (6a) and a second surface (6b) and, the first surface (6a) is fluidly connected to the divergent portion (8) of the nozzle (100).

6. The nozzle (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of apertures (5) are defined by a first opening (5a) and a second opening (5b).
wherein the first opening (5a) is defined on the first surface (6a) and the second opening (5b) is defined on the second surface (6b).

7. The nozzle (100) as claimed in claim 6, wherein the first opening (5a) of each of the plurality of apertures (5) on the first surface (6a) is angularly offset from the second opening (5b) on the second surface (6b) of the nozzle tip (6).

8. The nozzle (100) as claimed in claim 7, wherein the second opening (5b) of each of the plurality of apertures (5) is defined above the first opening (5a) in the nozzle tip (6).

9. The nozzle (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of apertures (5) are inclined upwardly with respect to the longitudinal axis (X-X) of the nozzle (100) at an angle ranging from 5° to 30°.

10. The nozzle (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein diameter of the plurality of apertures (5) ranges from 1.5 mm to 3.5 mm.

11. The nozzle (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the at least one air passage (3) is inclined radially into the air injection portion (3a).

12. The nozzle (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the atomizing portion (4) is of a cylindrical shape and defined between the air injection portion (3a) and the divergent portion (8).

Dated 31st day of March 2021.

GOPINATH A S
IN/PA 1852
OF K&S PARTNERS
AGENT FOR THE APPLICANT
, Description:FORM 2
THE PATENTS ACT, 1970
[39 of 1970]
&
THE PATENTS RULES, 2003

COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
[See Section 10 and Rule 13]

TITLE: “A NOZZLE FOR AN INDURATION FURNACE COMBUSTION”

Name and Address of the Applicant:
1. TATA STEEL LIMITED, Jamshedpur, Jharkhand, India 831001.
2. Indian Institute of Technology Madras, The Dean, Industrial Consultancy & Sponsored Research [IC&SR] Indian Institute of Technology Madras IIT PO, Chennai – 600036 Tamil Nadu, India

Nationality: INDIAN

The following specification particularly describes the nature of the invention and the manner in which it is to be performed.

TECHNICAL FIELD

Present disclosure relates in general to a field of metallurgy. Particularly, but not exclusively, the present disclosure relates to metallurgical furnaces having an atomizing nozzle for a coal-tar air combustion in an induration furnace at a pellet plant. Further, embodiments of the disclosure discloses a nozzle configuration for generating an inline flame in the induration furnace.

BACKGROUND OF THE DISCLOSURE

Induration furnaces are circular shaped furnaces like a Rotary Kiln and form a key part of one of the process routes for preparing iron ore fines for use in blast furnaces and are specifically used to produce iron ore pellets. Induration furnace is used to heat green pellets to a certain temperature for use in an iron ore plant. A predefined amount of fuel is used in a firing zone of an induration furnace to heat the green pellets to a certain temperature range. In the induration furnace, a combustion chamber is designed in circular shape and is protected by a refractory lining. Exhaust gases or secondary down comer air coming out of the combustion chamber heats the pellets moving on a travelling grate car through a downward draft and is recirculated back into the combustion chamber through down-coming ducts. However, the exhaust gases of combustion, passing through the pellet bed and grate bars, collect the fine particles of iron ore which travel through the down-coming ducts and are again recirculated back into the combustion chamber. The fine particles follow the streamlines of the high-volume flow rate down-coming air and get sintered when they come in contact with the turbulent oscillating coal-tar flame. After sintering, fused particles get settled/deposited on the bottom wall of a refractory port of the combustion chamber. The deposited particles then get solidified as a slag layer and this is a major operational and maintenance issue of the induration furnace at the pellet plant.

Further, flame oscillations caused by a high-volume flow rate and momentum of secondary down-coming air, causes the flame to frequently anchor to a bottom refractory wall. With reference to Fig. 1 which shows infrared images of flames from burners in conventional nozzles. The flames deflect or deviate from a straight line due to the secondary down-coming air and are often directed downwardly towards the refectory lining of the induration furnace. This oscillating nature of the flame causes the iron dust particles to be sintered and the same settles down as the slag. The flame oscillations anchoring to the refractory also causes higher thermal stresses and failure of the refractory bricks due to cracks during long term operation of the burner. To avoid this, the furnace has to be shut down regularly for the cleaning and maintenance of the refractory or for the complete relining of the burner port which significantly affects the operational performance and productivity of the induration furnace and pellet plant.

The present disclosure is directed to overcome one or more limitations stated above or other such limitations associated with the conventional systems.

SUMMARY OF THE DISCLOSURE

One or more shortcomings of the prior art are overcome by an assembly and a method as disclosed and additional advantages are provided through the assembly and the method as described in the present disclosure.

Additional features and advantages are realized through the techniques of the present disclosure. Other embodiments and aspects of the disclosure are described in detail herein and are considered a part of the claimed disclosure.

In a non-limiting embodiment of the disclosure, a nozzle for an induration furnace is disclosed. The nozzle includes an elongated body defined with an air injection portion with at least one air passage. A fuel supply tube is positioned coaxially in the elongated body, such that an outlet of the fuel supply tube is proximal to the air injection portion. Further, an atomizing portion is defined within the elongated body and is configured to receive pressurized air from the at least one air passages and fuel through the fuel supply tube. A divergent portion extending forwardly from the atomizing portion to receive atomized air and fuel is provided. Further, a nozzle tip is defined with a plurality of apertures and is fluidly connected to the divergent portion for spraying the atomized air-fuel mixture at high velocity. Each of the plurality of apertures are inclined upwardly with respect to a longitudinal axis of the elongated tube for generating an inline flame in the induration furnace.

In an embodiment of the disclosure, the plurality of apertures range from 6 to 12 in number and the plurality of apertures are aligned along a pitch circle of the nozzle tip.

In an embodiment of the disclosure, a diameter of the pitch circle ranges from 8 mm to 20 mm.

In an embodiment of the disclosure, the nozzle tip is defined by a first surface and a second surface. The first surface is fluidly connected to the divergent portion of the nozzle

In an embodiment of the disclosure, each of the plurality of apertures are defined by a first opening and a second opening where, the first opening is defined on the first surface and the second opening is defined on the second surface.

In an embodiment of the disclosure, the first opening of each of the plurality of apertures on the first surface is angularly offset from the second opening on the second surface of the nozzle tip.

In an embodiment of the disclosure, the second opening of each of the plurality of apertures is defined above the first opening in the nozzle tip.

In an embodiment of the disclosure, each of the plurality of apertures are inclined upwardly with respect to the longitudinal axis of the nozzle at an angle ranging from 5° to 30°.

In an embodiment of the disclosure, the diameter of the plurality of apertures ranges from 1.5 mm to 3.5 mm.

In an embodiment of the disclosure, the at least one air passage is inclined radially into the air injection portion.

In an embodiment of the disclosure, the atomizing portion is of a cylindrical shape and is defined between the air injection portion and the divergent portion.

The foregoing summary is illustrative only and is not intended to be in any way limiting. In addition to the illustrative aspects, embodiments, and features described above, further aspects, embodiments, and features will become apparent by reference to the drawings and the following detailed description.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE ACCOMPANYING FIGURES

The novel features and characteristics of the disclosure are set forth in the appended claims. The disclosure itself, however, as well as a preferred mode of use, further objectives, and advantages thereof, will best be understood by reference to the following detailed description of an illustrative embodiment when read in conjunction with the accompanying figures. One or more embodiments are now described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying figures wherein like reference numerals represent like elements and in which:

Fig. 1 shows infrared images of flames from burners in conventional nozzles.

Fig. 2 illustrates a schematic perspective view of an induration furnace with the burner employed with nozzle, in accordance with some embodiments of present disclosure.

Fig. 3 illustrates a perspective view of the nozzle, in accordance with some embodiments of present disclosure.

Fig. 4 illustrates a side transparent view of the nozzle, in accordance with some embodiments of present disclosure.

Fig. 5 illustrates a front view of a nozzle tip, in accordance with some embodiments of present disclosure.

Fig. 6 shows infrared images of flames from burners in the nozzles, in accordance with some embodiments of present disclosure.

The figures depict embodiments of the disclosure for purposes of illustration only. One skilled in the art will readily recognize from the following description that alternative embodiments of the nozzle for the induration furnace illustrated herein may be employed without departing from the principles of the disclosure described herein.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The foregoing has broadly outlined the features and technical advantages of the present disclosure in order that the description of the disclosure that follows may be better understood. Additional features and advantages of the disclosure will be described hereinafter which form the subject of the disclosure. It should be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the conception and specific embodiments disclosed may be readily utilized as a basis for modifying or designing other devices for carrying out the same purposes of the present disclosure. It should also be realized by those skilled in the art that such equivalent constructions do not depart from the scope of the disclosure. The novel features which are believed to be characteristic of the disclosure, as to its organization, together with further objects and advantages will be better understood from the following description when considered in connection with the accompanying figures. It is to be expressly understood, however, that each of the figures is provided for the purpose of illustration and description only and is not intended as a definition of the limits of the present disclosure.

In the present document, the word "exemplary" is used herein to mean "serving as an example, instance, or illustration." Any embodiment or implementation of the present subject matter described herein as "exemplary" is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other embodiments.

While the disclosure is susceptible to various modifications and alternative forms, specific embodiments thereof have been shown by way of example in the drawings and will be described below. It should be understood, however that it is not intended to limit the disclosure to the particular forms disclosed, but on the contrary, the disclosure is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternative falling within the scope of the disclosure.

The terms “comprises”, “comprising”, or any other variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a system that comprises a list of components does not include only those components but may include other components not expressly listed or inherent to such mechanism. In other words, one or more elements in the device or mechanism proceeded by “comprises… a” does not, without more constraints, preclude the existence of other elements or additional elements in the mechanism.

Embodiments of the present disclosure discloses a nozzle for an induration furnace. The flames from conventional nozzles often oscillate due to high-volume flow rate and momentum of secondary down-coming air. Consequently, the flame tends to anchor to a bottom refractory wall. The flames deflect or deviate from a straight line due to the secondary down-coming air and are often directed downwardly towards the refectory lining of the induration furnace. This oscillating nature of the flame causes the iron dust particles to be sintered and the same settles down as the slag. The coal-tar flame oscillations anchoring to the refractory also causes higher thermal stresses and failure of the refractory bricks due to cracks during long term operation of the burner. To avoid this, the furnace has to be shut down regularly for the cleaning and maintenance of the refractory or for the complete relining of the burner port which significantly affects the operational performance and productivity of the induration furnace and pellet plant.

Accordingly, the present disclosure discloses a nozzle for an induration furnace. The nozzle includes an elongated body defined with an air injection portion with at least one air passage and the at least one air passage is inclined radially into the air injection portion. A fuel supply tube is positioned coaxially in the elongated body, such that an outlet of the fuel supply tube is proximal to the air injection portion. Further, an atomizing portion is defined within the elongated body and is configured to receive pressurized air from the at least one air passages and fuel through the fuel supply tube. A divergent portion extending forwardly from the atomizing portion to receive atomized air and fuel is provided. The atomizing portion is of a cylindrical shape and is defined between the air injection portion and the divergent portion. Further, nozzle tip defined by a first surface and a second surface is fluidly connected to the divergent portion of the nozzle. The nozzle tip is defined with a plurality of apertures for spraying the atomized air-fuel mixture at high velocity. Each of the plurality of apertures are inclined upwardly with respect to a longitudinal axis of the nozzle at an angle ranging from 5° to 30° for generating an inline flame in the induration furnace.

The following paragraphs describe the present disclosure with reference to Figs. 2 to 6.

Fig. 2 illustrates a schematic perspective view of an induration furnace (200) with a burner (13) and a nozzle (100). The induration furnace (200) may be constructed of refractory bricks that can sustain high temperatures. The induration furnace (200) may be defined by a horizontal section (10h) and a vertical section (10v). The horizontal section (10h) and the vertical section (10v) of the induration furnace (200) may be of a refractory bricks. The horizontal section (10h) of the induration furnace (200) defines a duct for the flow of secondary air. The secondary air may be the exhaust gases that are generated during a combustion process in the induration furnace (200). The secondary air may be re-circulated to the horizontal section (10h) of the induration furnace (200) and may be used to further bolster the combustion process. One end of the horizontal section (10h) may be fluidly connected to channel that re-circulates the secondary air or the exhaust gases and the other end of the horizontal section (10h) may be connected to the vertical section (10v) of the induration furnace (200). The vertical section (10v) of the induration furnace (200) may also define a duct for flow of secondary air and the duct may function as a combustion chamber (11). One end of the vertical section (10v) is fluidly connected to the horizontal section (10h) whereas the other end of the vertical section (10v) is connected to a heating zone (9). The heating zone (9) may include a conveyer with a grate car [not shown] which transports pellets. Further, the induration furnace (200) also includes a burner (13) that is configured in the horizontal section (10h). The burner (13) may be configured along a lower region of the horizontal section (10h). The burner (13) may be positioned proximal to the region where the horizontal section (10h) connects with the vertical section (10v). The burner (13) may be oriented to extend along the vertical direction or along a longitudinal axis (X-X) as seen from Fig. 2. The burner (13) may extend into the duct defined by the vertical section (10v). The burner (13) may be configured to the horizontal section (10h) to extend along the center of the duct defined by the vertical section (10v) of the induration furnace (200). One end of the burner (13) may be fixedly mounted to the horizontal section (10h) whereas the other end of the burner (13) may include a nozzle (100). The region extending from tip of the nozzle (100) in the duct defined by the vertical section (10v) may be the combustion chamber (11).

The burner (13) may be supplied with fuel and air and the nozzle (100) at the tip of the burner (13) may atomize the air fuel mixture. The atomized air fuel mixture is emitted into the combustion chamber (11) at a pre-determined angle and flames may be generated in the combustion chamber. The flames so generated may extend through the combustion chamber (11) into the heating zone (9) and the flames may heat the pellets moving along with the grate car through the heating zone (9). The flames generated at the tip of the nozzle (100) may extend along a straight line with no deflections towards a bottom refractory wall (10a). Further, this configuration of the nozzle (100) enables generation of the flame along the straight line that is explained with greater detain below.

Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 illustrates a perspective view and a side view, of the nozzle (100) respectively. The nozzle (100) may be defined by an elongated body (10) and the nozzle may extend along the longitudinal axis (X-X) or in the vertical direction. The nozzle (100) may be defined with multiple channels for facilitating the flow of air and fuel from the burner (13). The nozzle may also include multiple sections for directing the air-fuel mixture into the combustion chamber (11). The nozzle may be defined with an air injection portion (3a) with at least one air passage (3) (further referred to as “the air passage”). One end of the air passage (3) may be fluidly connected with an air supply tube (1) and the other end of the air passage (3) may be fluidly connected with the air injection portion (3a). The air supply tube (1) may supply pressurized or atomized air from an external source to the air passage (3). The air passage (3) may further supply air to the air injection portion (3a). The air injection portion (3a) may be defined by a semi-conical shape. The semi-conical shape of the air injection portion (3a) may be defined such that a smaller diameter of the semi-conical shape is proximal to the air supply tube (1) and the larger diameter of the semi-conical shape is defined away from the air supply tube (1). Further, the air passage (3a) is inclined radially into the air injection portion (3a) and may be defined through-out a curved region defined by the semi-conical shape. Further, a fuel supply tube (7) may be provided in the nozzle (100) such that it extends coaxially in the elongated body (10). The fuel supply tube (7) may be defined such that an outlet of the fuel supply tube (7) is proximal to the air injection portion (3a). Fuel may be supplied from an external source and may be supplied to the air injection portion (3a) through the fuel supply tube (7).

Mixture of air and fuel may initially be received in the air injection portion (3a) of the elongated tube (1) and may further be received by an atomizing portion (4). The atomizing portion (4) may be defined within the elongated body (10) and may be configured to receive the pressurized air and fuel from the air passages (3) and the fuel supply tube (7) respectively. The atomizing portion (4) may be of a cylindrical shape and may defined after the air injection portion (3a). The atomizing portion (4) may be defined with a diameter that is equal to the larger diameter of the semi-conical shaped air injection portion (3a). The atomizing portion (4) may also be defined as the primary break up zone. In the primary break-up zone, the fuel from the fuel supply tube (7) may be atomized or may be subjected to primary break up into droplets by the high velocity atomizing air injected from the air passages (3). In an embodiment, the number of the air passages (3) and the diameter of each of the air passage (3) may be varied to increase the velocity of air for the breakup of the fuel into smaller droplets. Further, the atomized air fuel mixture from the atomizing portion may further be received by a divergent portion (8). The divergent portion (8) may also be defined as a secondary break up zone for further atomization of the air fuel mixture. The divergent portion (8) may be defined with a conical shape and may extend forwardly from the atomizing portion (4) to receive the atomized air and fuel mixture. The divergent portion (8) may further atomize the air fuel mixture and the same may be further conveyed to a nozzle tip (6) for injection into the combustion chamber (11) at a pre-determined angle. The configuration of the nozzle tip (6) is explained with greater detail below.

Fig. 5 illustrates a front view of a nozzle tip (6). The nozzle tip (6) may also be of semi-conical shape with the larger diameter of the semi-conical shape being abutted against the divergent portion (8) whereas the smaller diameter of the semi-conical shaped nozzle tip (6) is exposed to the combustion chamber (11). The nozzle tip (6) may be a metallic piece defined with a diameter that is equal to an outlet diameter of the divergent portion (8). The nozzle tip (6) may be defined by a first surface (6a) and a second surface (6b). The first surface (6a) may be fluidly connected to the divergent portion (8) of the nozzle (100) and the second surface (6b) may be exposed to the combustion chamber (11) of the induration furnace (100). The nozzle tip (6) may be defined with a plurality of apertures (5) and the diameter of the plurality of apertures (5) may range from 1.5 mm to 3.5 mm. The plurality of apertures (5) are structured for spraying the atomized air-fuel mixture at high velocity. The plurality of apertures (5) may herein range from 6 to 12 in number. Further, the plurality of apertures (5) are be aligned along a pitch circle of the nozzle tip (6) and the diameter of the pitch circle may range from 8 mm to 20 mm. The apertures (5) on the nozzle tip (6) may be defined to be concentric to the diameter of the nozzle tip (6). An additional aperture (5) may be defined at the center of the pitch circle diameter.

Further, each of the plurality of apertures (5) may be defined by a first opening (5a) and a second opening (5b). The first opening (5a) may be defined on the first surface (6a) and the second opening (5b) may be defined on the second surface (6b) of the nozzle tip (6). The second opening (5b) of each of the plurality of apertures (5) may be defined above the first opening (5a) in the nozzle tip (6). The first opening (5a) of each of the plurality of apertures (5) on the first surface (6a) may be angularly offset from the second opening (5b) on the second surface (6b) of the nozzle tip (6). Further, each of the plurality of apertures (5) may be inclined upwardly with respect to a longitudinal axis (X-X) of the elongated tube (10) for generating an inline flame in the induration furnace (200). The upward inclination of each of the plurality of apertures (5) ranges from an angle (θ) of 5° to 30°with respect to the longitudinal axis (X-X) of the nozzle (100)..

The upwardly inclined orientation of the apertures (5) causes the atomized air fuel mixture to be injected along an upward angle into the combustion chamber (11). Consequently, the flame being pushed downwards by the high momentum of the secondary down-coming air will become straight as the inclined jet at higher velocity from the nozzle tip (6) will counter-act against the high momentum of the secondary air. Therefore, a straight and improved flame is generated as shown in Fig. 6. Further, when the flame is straight with no deflection towards the bottom refractory wall (10a), the deposition of sintered iron dust slag on the bottom refractory wall (10a) may be considerably reduced. Also, since the flame extends along the straight line without any deflections towards the bottom refractory wall (10a), the stresses on the bottom refractory wall (10a) is also drastically reduced. Therefore, premature failure of the refractory wall (10) and frequent repair or maintenance of induration furnace (200) at extremely short intervals is significantly reduced.

In an embodiment, the nozzle tip (6) of the above-mentioned configuration with the upwardly inclined apertures (5) generate a flame that is inclined upwards in the combustion chamber (11). Consequently, the secondary down comer air which tends to push the flame downwards is compensated by the upwardly inclined flame, thereby generating a straight flame. In an embodiment, the nozzle (100) of the above configuration improves the operational life of the refractory wall (10) by reducing the deposition of sintered iron dust slag on the bottom refractory wall (10a).

Equivalents

With respect to the use of substantially any plural and/or singular terms herein, those having skill in the art can translate from the plural to the singular and/or from the singular to the plural as is appropriate to the context and/or application. The various singular/plural permutations may be expressly set forth herein for sake of clarity.

It will be understood by those within the art that, in general, terms used herein, are generally intended as "open" terms (e.g., the term "including" should be interpreted as "including but not limited to," the term "having" should be interpreted as "having at least," the term "includes" should be interpreted as "includes but is not limited to," etc.). It will be further understood by those within the art that if a specific number of an introduced claim recitation is intended, such an intent will be explicitly recited in the claim, and in the absence of such recitation no such intent is present. For example, as an aid to understanding the description may contain usage of the introductory phrases "at least one" and "one or more" to introduce claim recitations. However, the use of such phrases should not be construed to imply that the introduction of a claim recitation by the indefinite articles "a" or "an" limits any particular claim containing such introduced claim recitation to inventions containing only one such recitation, even when the same claim includes the introductory phrases "one or more" or "at least one" and indefinite articles such as "a" or "an" (e.g., "a" and/or "an" should typically be interpreted to mean "at least one" or "one or more"); the same holds true for the use of definite articles used to introduce claim recitations. In addition, even if a specific number of an introduced claim recitation is explicitly recited, those skilled in the art will recognize that such recitation should typically be interpreted to mean at least the recited number (e.g., the bare recitation of "two recitations," without other modifiers, typically means at least two recitations, or two or more recitations). Furthermore, in those instances where a convention analogous to "at least one of A, B, and C, etc." is used, in general such a construction is intended in the sense one having skill in the art would understand the convention (e.g., "a system having at least one of A, B, and C" would include but not be limited to systems that have A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B together, A and C together, B and C together, and/or A, B, and C together, etc.). In those instances where a convention analogous to "at least one of A, B, or C, etc." is used, in general such a construction is intended in the sense one having skill in the art would understand the convention (e.g., "a system having at least one of A, B, or C" would include but not be limited to systems that have A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B together, A and C together, B and C together, and/or A, B, and C together, etc.). It will be further understood by those within the art that virtually any disjunctive word and/or phrase presenting two or more alternative terms, whether in the description, or drawings, should be understood to contemplate the possibilities of including one of the terms, either of the terms, or both terms. For example, the phrase "A or B" will be understood to include the possibilities of "A" or "B" or "A and B."

While various aspects and embodiments have been disclosed herein, other aspects and embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art. The various aspects and embodiments disclosed herein are for purposes of illustration and are not intended to be limiting, with the true scope and spirit being indicated in the description.

Referral Numerals:

Referral numerals Description
1 Air supply tube
3 Air passage
3a Air injection portion
4 Atomizing portion
5 Apertures
5a First opening
5b Second opening
6 Nozzle tip
6a First surface
6b Second surface
7 Fuel supply tube
8 Divergent portion
9 Heating zone
10 Refractory wall
10a Bottom refractory wall
10h Horizontal section of the refractory wall
10v Vertical section of the refractory wall
11 Combustion chamber
12 Secondary down coming air
13 Burner
100 Nozzle
200 Induration furnace