The present disclosure described herein relates to a protection device for an
illumination system operating by using one or more electrolytic capacitors for
5 protecting the system from continuous high voltage and high power surge.
[0002] More particularly, the present disclosure described herein relates to a
method of operating the protection device for said illumination system by using a
plurality of electronic components including one or more electrolytic capacitors for
protecting said system from continuous high voltage and high power surge.
10 BACKGROUND
[0003] The illumination systems are used widely across the world, wherein said
illumination systems consist of an electric lamp/bulb or a light-emitting diode and a
lens system forming the condenser. The electric bulb/lamp suffers from continuous
high voltage/high voltage and high surges. Moreover, the surge is a very high amplitude
15 voltage pulse for a very short duration. Further, it’s like delta function, it comes into
action from any MPCB (Metal Core Printed Circuit Board) or any shortage in high
voltage line, as amplitude & time duration of surge pulse depends on many factors,
here it is a different subject of matter. Further, the surge voltage is like the delta
function shown in FIG. 3. The basic circuit used for controlling high voltage and surge
20 shown in FIG. 4.
[0004] In the conventional circuit, the input safety circuit can use MOV (Metal
Oxide Varistor) & WWR (Wire Wound Resistor), in different combinations to save the
device from high voltage and high surge. Further, the input safety circuit consists of
MOV & WWR and is used in multiple permutation & combination to save the main
25 electronics circuit from high voltage & high surge, but it has certain limitations, as it
3
can support input safety to device up to some limit. The conventional circuit does
protect the electronic circuit from a high surge beyond a range of (1 to 5KV). Yet
further, the conventional circuit does not protect the circuit from high voltage beyond
the range of (100 to 440V). The conventional circuit is shown in the FIG.4, wherein
5 the circuit consists of MOV and WWR and other electronic components.
[0005] In the conventional circuit, the MOV is used. The MOV is made up of two
Zink oxide disc plates placed together with dielectric material in between them & this
whole setup is isolated from the external environment with the help of coating over it.
it is a voltage-driven device, when surge pulse received by MOV it absorbs the surge
10 pulse across its disc plate & short across its terminals of very small instant & recovery
back. This mechanism protects the main circuit, also when surge pulse is very high &
more than MOV break down voltage limit, then it also fails & short permanently &
then it fails the WWR.
[0006] Hence, as discussed in the cited prior art, MOV is incapable to protect the
15 conventional electric circuit from high voltage and surges beyond a limit. However,
the prior art circuit suffers various problems like circuit damage due to continuous high
voltage, spikes/surges, and other problems associated with other parameters of the
conventional circuit.
[0007] Therefore, there is a need for a protection device and method for operating
20 an illumination system to address the above-mentioned problems.
OBJECTS OF THE PRESENT DISCLOSURE
[0008] Some of the objects of the present disclosure, which at least one
embodiment herein satisfy, are listed hereinbelow.
[0009] The primary object of the present disclosure is to overcome the above25 mentioned drawbacks in the prior art.
4
[0010] The main object of the present disclosure is to provide a protection device
for an illumination system and fixtures by using one or more electrolytic capacitors to
overcome continuous high voltage and high surge.
[0011] Another object of the present disclosure is to provide a method for operating
5 said protection device by using one or more electrolytic capacitors to save the device
from continuous high voltage and high surge.
[0012] Still another object of the present disclosure is to provide simultaneously
and precisely control over the continuous high voltage/high voltage and high surge
using one or more electrolytic capacitors (ELCO) connected with other electronic
10 components.
[0013] Yet another object of the present disclosure is that the device facilitates the
enhanced reliability through an uninterrupted electric supply using a plurality of
electronic component including one or more electrolytic capacitors (ELCO).
[0014] Still another object of the present disclosure is that the protection device is
15 used for illumination system and fixtures wherein said illumination system comprises
of light-emitting diode used in a plurality of applications, not limited to, bulb/s, street
lights, lights used in the vehicles including trains to achieve maximum benefits in terms
of longevity of said illumination system.
[0015] Yet another object of the present disclosure is that the device is designed in
20 such a manner that it can be capable to protect the illumination system and fixtures
from high voltages with the range of (100-600V) and high surge within the range of (1
to 10KV).
[0016] Still, yet another object of the present disclosure is that the device is
designed in such a manner that it may be applicable for the various field in lighting
25 industries and various electronic instruments.
5
[0017] These and other objects and advantages of the present disclosure will be
apparent to those skilled in the art after a consideration of the following detailed
description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which a preferred
form of the present disclosure is illustrated.
5 SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0018] This summary is provided to introduce concepts related to a protection
device and a method for operating an illumination system and fixtures. The concepts
are further described below in the detailed description.
[0019] The present disclosure herein relates to a protection device for the
10 illumination system and fixtures. The present disclosure includes a protection device
for an illumination system and fixtures, comprising a plurality of fuses connected in
series for absorbing the heat generated from high surge pulse occurred at an instant,
wherein one terminal of the said fuse is connected to one point of the bridge rectifier;
one or more electrolytic capacitor connected in series for capturing high pick pulse for
15 charging said capacitor/s, wherein the pick voltage occurs at the terminal points of said
capacitors; a unidirectional diode connected in series to the one or more electrolytic
capacitors connected in series, for allowing the current/voltage to flow said capacitor;
and one or more serially connected SMD resistors for discharging the charged
electrolytic capacitor, by this way high surge pulse/s is/are restricted to enter into the
20 illumination system.
[0020] In an aspect of the present disclosure, the fuses (F1, F2, F3) are wire bound
resistors (WWR) used for controlling overcurrent and overload caused due to high
surge.
[0021] In an aspect of the present disclosure, there are two electrolytic capacitors
25 (ELCO)( EC1, EC2 ) connected in series, which is serially coupled to a unidirectional
diode for proving the essential power in one direction for charging the said capacitor
6
and the combination of ELCO and diode is configured in a manner to overcome
continuous high voltage and high surge.
[0022] In an aspect of the present disclosure, the resistance value of the resistors
(RA and RB) are selected in a specific value for discharging purpose.
5 [0023] In an aspect of the present disclosure, the illumination system comprises an
electric lamp/bulb, a light-emitting diode (LED) system, wherein LED system
includes, not limited to, a LED bulb/ tube light, lights used in vehicles/trains, street
lights and other electrical and electronics instruments, signaling system.
[0024] In an aspect of the present disclosure, the protection device is configured in
10 a hybrid system or child/separate PCB (printed circuit board) for overcoming the
damages of the main circuit/illumination system.
[0025] In addition to this, the present disclosure describes a method for operating
the protection device for illumination system and fixtures, said method comprising:
preventing the flow of high surge pulse by using a plurality of fuses connected in series
15 for absorbing high surge pulse; passing high surge pulse in one direction, towards
serially connected one or more electrolytic capacitor for charging for a short period of
time; and discharging the charged capacitor through a plurality of surface-mounted
device (SMD) resistors serially connected which is coupled parallel to the circuit
combination of a unidirectional diode and ELCO, which are serially connected for
20 overcoming high surge and continuous high voltage.
[0026] To further understand the characteristics and technical contents of the
present subject matter, a description relating thereto will be made regarding the
accompanying drawings. However, the drawings are illustrative only but not used to
limit the scope of the present subject matter.
7
[0027] Various objects, features, aspects, and advantages of the inventive subject
matter will become more apparent from the following detailed description of preferred
embodiments, along with the accompanying drawing figures in which like numerals
represent like components.
5 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF ACCOMPANYING DRAWINGS
[0028] It is to be noted, however, that the appended drawings illustrate only typical
embodiments of the present subject matter and are therefore not to be considered for
limiting of its scope, for the disclosure may admit to other equally effective
embodiments. The detailed description is described regarding the accompanying
10 figures. In the figures, a reference number identifies 5 the figure in which the reference
number first appears. The same numbers are used throughout the figures to reference
like features and components. Some embodiments of system or methods or structure in
accordance with embodiments of the present subject matter are now described, by way
of example, and with reference to the accompanying figures, in which:
15 [0029] FIG. 1A illustrates a block diagram of a protection device for an
illumination system, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
[0030] FIG. 1B illustrates a schematic diagram of a protection device for an
illumination system, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
[0031] FIG. 1C illustrates the V-I characteristic of a diode (D1) used in the
20 proposed device, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
[0032] FIG. 2 illustrates a layout of the proposed protection device, according to
an embodiment of the present disclosure;
[0033] FIG. 3 illustrates the delta function as indicated in high surge pulse,
according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
8
[0034] FIG. 4 illustrates the conventional circuit for protection from high voltage
using MOV, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
[0035] FIG. 5 illustrates the electrolytic capacitor and its construction, according
to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
5 [0036] FIG. 6 illustrates a flow chart showing two steps of a method for operating
a protection device (100) for an illumination system and fixtures, according to an
embodiment of the present disclosure;
[0037] The figures depict embodiments of the present subject matter for
illustration only. A person skilled in the art will easily recognize from the following
10 description that alternative embodiments of the structures and methods illustrated
herein may be employed without departing from the principles of the disclosure
described herein.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0038] The following is a detailed description of embodiments of the disclosure
15 depicted in the accompanying drawings. The embodiments are in such detail as to
communicate the disclosure. However, the amount of detail offered is not intended to
limit the anticipated variations of embodiments; on the contrary, the intention is to
cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope
of the present disclosure as defined by the appended claims.
20 [0039] In the present document, the word "exemplary" is used herein to mean
"serving as an example, instance, or illustration." Any embodiment or implementation
of the present subject matter described herein as "exemplary" is not necessarily to be
construed as preferred or advantageous over other embodiments.
9
[0040] While the disclosure is susceptible to various modifications and alternative
forms, specific embodiment thereof has been shown by way of example in the drawings
and will be described in detail below. It should be understood, however that it is not
intended to limit the disclosure to the forms disclosed, but on the contrary, the
5 disclosure is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the
scope of the disclosure.
[0041] The terms “comprises”, “comprising”, “includes” or any other variations
thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a setup, device, or
method that includes a list of components or steps does not include only those
10 components or steps but may include other components or steps not expressly listed or
inherent to such setup or device or method. In other words, one or more elements in a
system or apparatus proceeded by “comprises… a” does not, without more constraints,
preclude the existence of other elements or additional elements in the system or
method.
15 [0042] FIG. 1A illustrates a block diagram of a protection device (100) for an
illumination system and fixture. The present disclosure includes a protection device
(100) for an illumination system and fixtures, comprising a plurality of fuses connected
in series for absorbing the heat generated from high surge pulse occurred at an instant,
wherein one terminal of the said fuse is connected to one point of the bridge rectifier;
20 one or more electrolytic capacitor connected in series for capturing high pick pulse for
charging said capacitor/s, wherein the pick voltage occurs at the terminal points of said
capacitors; a unidirectional diode connected in series to the one or more electrolytic
capacitors connected in series, for allowing the current/voltage to flow said capacitor;
and one or more serially connected SMD resistors for discharging the charged
25 electrolytic capacitor, by this way high surge pulse/s is/are restricted to enter into the
illumination system.
10
[0043] In the aspect of the present disclosure as shown in FIG. 1A, a plurality of
electronic components used in the protection device (100) is described herein. The
fuses (F1, F2, F3) (1) are wire bound resistors (WWR) used for controlling overcurrent
and overload caused due to high surge. There are two electrolytic capacitors
5 (ELCO)(EC1, EC2 )(2) connected in series, which is serially coupled to a
unidirectional diode for proving the essential power in one direction for charging the
said capacitor and the combination of ELCO and a unidirectional diode(D1)(4) is
configured in such a manner to overcome continuous high voltage and high surge. The
resistance value of the resistors (RA and RB) (3) is selected in a specific value for the
10 discharging purpose of the charged capacitor. The protection device (100) is configured
in a hybrid system or child/separate PCB (printed circuit board) for overcoming the
damages of the main circuit/illumination system.
[0044] In an aspect of the present disclosure, the protection device (100) includes
wire-bound resistance (WWR). In the present disclosure, there are three WWR used to
15 overcome overcurrent and overloading due to high surge occurrence. The most
economical and most common form of overcurrent protection is the fuse which is
WWR. There are three fuses (F1, F2, and F3) connected in series as shown in Box A
(1) in FIGS. 1A and 1B. During the surge pulse comes into action, this section of circuit
(Box A)(1) provides a voltage drop across its terminals & after the action of surge
20 pulse, said fuses start to cool down slowly. These fuses are also termed overcurrent
fuses. The two main purposes of these fuses are illustrated that the first purpose is to
protect components, equipment, and people from the risk of fire and shock caused by
over currents; and the second purpose is to isolate sub-systems from the main system
once a fault has occurred. These block also checks the overloading conditions and
25 opening times. First overloading operating points must be noticed and specification
attention is given to it. For fuses, the first overload point is usually between 200% to
300% of rated current, with 400% typically being the first overload point for circuit
protectors. In the present disclosure, there are three fuses serially connected to the
11
combination of serially connected electrolytic capacitor and unidirectional diode, used
to handle the high surge pulse.
[0045] In an aspect, the present disclosure includes electrolytic capacitors. The
construction and working of the electrolytic capacitor are illustrated below as shown
5 in FIG. 5. The construction of an electrolytic capacitor, more specifically an aluminum
electrolytic capacitor is illustrated in FIG. 6. The aluminum electrolytic capacitor
consists of cathode aluminum foil, capacitor paper (electrolytic paper), electrolyte, and
an aluminum oxide film, which acts as the dielectric, formed on the anode foil surface.
A very thin oxide film formed by electrolytic oxidation (formation) offers superior
10 dielectric constant and has to rectify properties. When in contact with an electrolyte,
the oxide film possesses an excellent forward direction insulation property. Together
with magnified effective surface area attained by etching the foil, a high capacitance
yet small-sized capacitor is available. In an aspect of the present disclosure, the
protection device (100) includes one or more electrolytic capacitors (ELCO) connected
15 in series as shown in Box B (2). The present disclosure has used two ELCO in series,
which result in the rated voltage addition of ELCO, after passing the surge from WWR.
The high surge pulse is used by the circuit for charging said electrolytic capacitors
(EC1, EC2) as shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B. Moreover, high surge pulse is absorbed by
capacitor/s, by restricting high pulses to enter into other parts of the circuit. In addition
20 to this, said two capacitors are utilized the surge pulse for charging purposes. The basic
property of Electrolytic capacitor is to store the charge when required voltage applied
across its terminals. Further, more details on surge voltage are discussed herein. The
surge voltage indicates the maximum peak voltage value that may be applied to
electrolytic capacitors during their application for a limited number of cycles. For
25 aluminum electrolytic capacitors, with a rated voltage of up to 350 V, the surge voltage
is 1.15 times the rated voltage, and for capacitors with a rated voltage exceeding 350
V, the surge voltage is 1.10 times the rated voltage. The high surge pulse is flowing
12
into Box B (2) via a unidirectional diode as shown in Box D (4) as per FIGS. 1A and
1B.
[0046] In an aspect, the present disclosure includes a plurality of resistors (RA,
RB) which are used for discharging the high voltage as shown in Box C (3) in FIGS.
5 1A and 1B. It is simply surface mounted device (SMD) resistors used in series to
discharge, the charged ELCO, after application of surge pulse. The value of said
resistors is selective to a very specific value, which is required to discharge the ELCO,
as after the application of surge pulse across ELCO. As ELCO is highly charged, if
any random value of resistance is selected to discharge the ELCO, then said resistors
10 may burn out.
[0047] In an aspect, the present disclosure includes a unidirectional diode as shown
in Box D (4) in FIGS. 1A and 1B. A diode allows current to flow only in one direction
and it blocks the current in another direction. Said diode offers low resistance (ideally
zero) in one direction, during forwarding bias, and further said diode offers a high
15 resistance (ideally infinite) in another direction during reverse bias, by using this
property of diode. During reverse bias mode of the said diode (D1), the ELCO is fully
charged, the diode didn’t allow to pass such high voltage to the main circuit/
illumination system. It is a PIV rating of a diode to close the root path of the main pulse
from ELCO to not pass on to the main circuit. In addition to this, peak reverse voltage
20 or peak inverse voltage (PIV) is the maximum voltage that a diode can withstand in the
reverse direction without breaking down or avalanching. If this voltage is exceeded,
the diode may be destroyed. The diode must have a peak inverse voltage rating, which
is higher than the maximum voltage that may be applied to it in a given application.
[0048] In FIG. 1A, all the blocks/units are configured onboard in a single hybrid
25 system or separate auxiliary PCB; however, those skilled in the art can appreciate that
some of the blocks/units of the device can be provided outside the hybrid system/child
PCB. The Block/unit as shown in FIG. 1A performs its function individually; however,
13
these blocks/units can be combined to include one or more functionality without
deviating from the scope of the present disclosure.
[0049] FIG. 1B illustrates the schematic diagram of the protection device (100) for
an illumination system and fixtures. The present disclosure provides the solution with
5 the help of an electrolytic capacitor which is used for absorbing surge pulse and for
handling capacity of the input protection circuit. The present device is capable to
handle a predetermined range of surge and high voltage which are very high limits
compare to the normal circuit. The present disclosure is capable to protect the
illumination system and fixtures from high voltages in the range of (100-600V) and
10 high surge within the range of (1 to 10KV). The illumination system comprises of an
electric lamp/bulb, and a light-emitting diode (LED) system, wherein light-emitting
diode system incorporates, not limited to, LED lamp/bulb, tube light, street lights, a
plurality of LED lights used in vehicles/electric trains, signaling system and other
electrical/electronic instruments. FIG.1C illustrates the V-I characteristics of a diode
15 (D1) used in the present invention.
[0050] FIG. 2 illustrates the layout of the present disclosure. In the embodiment of
the present disclosure, the layout of the onboard protection device (100) is configured
in the separate printed circuit board (PCB). The PCB may be configured in a hybrid
system or a separate PCB. The layout shows the connection among the electronic
20 components such as WWR, electrolytic capacitors (ELCO), unidirectional diode, and
SMD resistors including other electronic components.
[0051] FIGS. 5 illustrates the electrolytic capacitor construction. The illustration
of this unit (Box B) (2) is described below. All the components used in the protection
device (100) are described herein.
25 [0052] FIG. 6 illustrates the method for operating the protection device (100) for
the illumination system and fixtures.
14
[0053] At block 602, the method includes preventing the flow of high surge pulse
by using a plurality of fuses connected in series for absorbing high surge pulse.
[0054] At block 604, the method includes passing high surge pulse in one direction,
towards serially connected one or more electrolytic capacitors for charging for a short
5 period of time.
[0055] At block 606, the method includes discharging the charged capacitor
through a plurality of surface-mounted device (SMD) resistors serially connected
which is coupled parallel to the circuit combination of a unidirectional diode and
ELCO, which are serially connected for overcoming high surge and continuous high
10 voltage.
[0056] Further, the method discloses that the electrolytic capacitors are charges up
to 700V till up to 1.15 cycles. The illumination system comprises an electric lamp/bulb,
a light-emitting diode (LED) system, wherein an LED system includes, not limited to,
a LED bulb/ tube light, lights used in vehicles/trains, street lights, and other electrical
15 and electronics instruments, signaling system. The method is described in the three
steps (602 to 606).
[0057] In the present disclosure, the wire-bound resistance (WWR) cum fuses are
used to overcome the overcurrent and overloading. The internal construction of WWR
has mainly a thick (thickness depends on surge requirement) copper wire wrap on the
20 ceramic cylindrical rod in multiple turns as per surge requirement & the whole setup is
isolated from the external environment with the help of coating over it. Further, the
working of the WWR is described in brief. During the time of surge pulse, when it
passes through WWR wire windings, it heats the wire & also loses its amplitude, which
results in the voltage drop across WWR terminals, as with the time WWR release the
25 heat from its surface, but if surge amplitude is higher than WWR capacity it passes on
to ELCO.
15
[0058] In the present disclosure, electrolytic capacitors are used. The construction
and working of the electrolytic capacitor are illustrated below as shown in FIG. 5. The
construction of an electrolytic capacitor, more specifically an aluminum electrolytic
capacitor is illustrated in FIG. 5. The aluminum electrolytic capacitor consists of
5 cathode aluminum foil, capacitor paper (electrolytic paper), electrolyte, and an
aluminum oxide film, which acts as the dielectric, formed on the anode foil surface. A
very thin oxide film formed by electrolytic oxidation (formation) offers superior
dielectric constant and has to rectify properties. When in contact with an electrolyte,
the oxide film possesses an excellent forward direction insulation property. Together
10 with magnified effective surface area attained by etching the foil, a high capacitance
yet small-sized capacitor is available. In an aspect of the present discloser, the
protection device (100) includes one or more electrolytic capacitors (ELCO) connected
in series as shown in Box B (2). The present disclosure has used two ELCO in series,
which result in the rated voltage addition of ELCO, after passing the surge from WWR.
15 The high surge pulse is used by the circuit for charging said Electrolytics capacitors
(EC1, EC2) as shown in FIG.1A and FIG. 1B. As here pulse is absorbed by a capacitor
(as surge pulse after this section vanishes). In addition to this, said two capacitors are
utilized the surge pulse for charging purposes. The basic property of the electrolytic
capacitor is to store the charge when required voltage applied across its terminals.
20 [0059] In the present disclosure, the unidirectional diode is used. The basic
construction and working of the PN diode are illustrated herein. The diode is formed
by joining both N-type and P-type semiconductors together. This device is a
combination of P-type and N-type semiconductor material hence it is also known as
PN Junction Diode. A diode has two terminals; one terminal is taken from the P-type
25 layer and it is known as Anode. The second terminal is taken from the N-type material
and it is known as Cathode. Moreover, a diode allows current to flow only in one
direction and it blocks the current in another direction. It offers low resistance (ideally
zero) in one direction and it offers a high resistance (ideally infinite) in another
16
direction. The V-I characteristic of the PN diode is described herewith. In addition to
this, the forward bias condition and the reverse bias condition of the PN diode is
described herein. During the P-type material or anode is connected with the positive
terminal of the battery and N-type material or cathode is connected with a negative
5 terminal of a battery, then the diode is connected in forwarding bias. In reverse bias,
the N-type material or cathode is connected with a negative terminal of the battery.
This type of connection is known as a reverse bias connection.
TECHNICAL ADVANTAGES
[0060] There is a plurality of features which are listed as technical advantages
10 below:
[0061] The proposed invention is more efficient by using the electrolytic capacitor
and unidirectional diode for overcoming the problem of high voltage and high surge.
[0062] The proposed device is capable to handle a high surge and high voltage
much higher limit than a conventional system/device, and the overall performance of
15 the protection device is enhanced.
[0063] By utilizing the actual nature of each component with their robust property
and ability to handling signalsis the main key factor in the success story of the proposed
device.
[0064] The present disclosure proposes provides the higher longevity of the
20 illumination system and fixtures by eliminating the sudden damage of the said
electronic equipment caused due to high voltage and high surge.
[0065] The applications of the present disclosure include in the illumination
system, not limited to, electric/electronic instruments where LED bulb/tubes, street
17
lights are used. The protection device can also be applicable in the LEDs used in the
vehicles/trains, signaling system, and electric and electronic systems, and other areas.
RESULT
[0066] The testing result are described herewith. The proposed device is
5 configured inside the LED lamp/bulb. The proposed device is tested on high voltage
for a fixed duration for 3days. The type of LED lamp used for testing is 30W HD H100
LED. The reliability test is performed for a duration of 3 days. The High voltage test
at ambient temperature is performed on the LED lamp/s. The test may also be called
as continuous high voltage test, as the test is performed for a long duration of 3 days.
10 There are different types of lamp/bulb are used for testing purpose. The LED bulb types
are 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, used for testing. The input main voltages, supplied to the protection
device of said LED lamp, for testing purpose, are high voltage in different range. The
source of the input voltage is from a voltage controlled transformer. The high input
voltage is supplied to the protection device for a long duration, i.e 3 days. The different
15 range of input voltage, supplied for testing purpose, are 320V, 350V, 380V, 400V,
420V, 450V, 500V, and 550V. The testing report for all the LED lamps are normal as
reported on 6th November 2020.
[0067] It should be noted that the description and figures merely illustrate the
principles of the present subject matter. It should be appreciated by those skilled in the
20 art that conception and specific embodiment disclosed may be readily utilized as a basis
for modifying or designing other structures for carrying out the same purposes of the
present subject matter. It should also be appreciated by those skilled in the art that by
devising various arrangements that, although not explicitly described or shown herein,
embody the principles of the present subject matter. Furthermore, all examples recited
25 herein are principally intended expressly to be for pedagogical purposes to aid the
reader in understanding the principles of the present subject matter and the concepts
contributed by the inventor(s) to furthering the art and are to be construed as being
18
without limitation to such specifically recited examples and conditions. The novel
features which are believed to be characteristic of the present subject matter, both as to
its organization and method of operation, together with further objects and advantages
will be better understood from the following description when considered in
5 connection with the accompanying figures.
[0068] These and other advantages of the present subject matter would be
described in greater detail with reference to the following figures. It should be noted
that the description merely illustrates the principles of the present subject matter. It will
thus be appreciated that those skilled in the art will be able to devise various
10 arrangements that, although not explicitly described herein, embody the principles of
the present subject matter and are included within its scope. The present disclosure will
now be described more specifically with reference to the following specification.
[0069] It should be noted that the description and figures merely illustrate the
principles of the present subject matter. It should be appreciated by those skilled in the
15 art that conception and specific embodiment disclosed may be readily utilized as a basis
for modifying or designing other structures for carrying out the same purposes of the
present subject matter. It should also be appreciated by those skilled in the art that by
devising various arrangements that, although not explicitly described or shown herein,
embody the principles of the present subject matter and are included within its spirit
20 and scope. Furthermore, all examples recited herein are principally intended expressly
to be for pedagogical purposes to aid the reader in understanding the principles of the
present subject matter and the concepts contributed by the inventor(s) to furthering the
art and are to be construed as being without limitation to such specifically recited
examples and conditions. The novel features which are believed to be characteristic of
25 the present subject matter, both as to its organization and method of operation, together
with further objects and advantages will be better understood from the following
description when considered in connection with the accompanying figures.
19
[0070] Although embodiments for the present subject matter have been described
in language specific to package features, it is to be understood that the present subject
matter is not necessarily limited to the specific features described. Rather, the specific
features and methods are disclosed as embodiments for the present subject matter.
5 Numerous modifications and adaptations of the system/device of the present disclosure
will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and thus it is intended by the appended
claims to cover all such modifications and adaptations which fall within the scope of
the present subject matter.
[0071] It will be understood by those within the art that, in general, terms used
10 herein, and especially in the appended claims (e.g., bodies of the appended claims) are
generally intended as “open” terms (e.g., the term “including” should be interpreted as
“including but not limited to,” the term “having” should be interpreted as “having at
least,” the term “includes” should be interpreted as “includes but is not limited to,”
etc.). It will be further understood by those within the art that if a specific number of
15 an introduced claim recitation is intended, such an intent will be explicitly recited in
the claim, and in the absence of such recitation, no such intent is present. For example,
as an aid to understanding, the following appended claims may contain usage of the
introductory phrases “at least one” and “one or more” to introduce claim recitations.
However, the use of such phrases should not be construed to imply that the introduction
20 of a claim recitation by the indefinite articles “a” or “an” limits any particular claim
containing such introduced claim recitation to inventions containing only one such
recitation, even when the same claim includes the introductory phrases “one or more”
or “at least one” and indefinite articles such as “a” or “an” (e.g., “a” and/or “an” should
typically be interpreted to mean “at least one” or “one or more”); the same holds for
25 the use of definite articles used to introduce claim recitations. Also, even if a specific
number of an introduced claim recitation is explicitly recited, those skilled in the art
will recognize that such recitation should typically be interpreted to mean at least the
recited number (e.g., the bare recitation of “two recitations,” without other modifiers,
20
typically means at least two recitations or two or more recitations). Furthermore, in
those instances where a convention analogous to “at least one of A, B, and C, etc.” is
used, in general, such construction is intended in the sense one having skill in the art
would understand the convention (e.g., “a system having at least one of A, B, and C”
5 would include but not be limited to systems that have A alone, B alone, C alone, A and
B together, A and C together, B and C together, and/or A, B, and C together, etc.). In
those instances, where a convention analogous to “at least one of A, B, or C, etc.” is
used, in general, such construction is intended in the sense one having skill in the art
would understand the convention (e.g., “a system having at least one of A, B, or C”
10 would include but not be limited to systems that have A alone, B alone, C alone, A and
B together, A and C together, B and C together, and/or A, B, and C together, etc.). It
will be further understood by those within the art that virtually any disjunctive word
and/or phrase presenting two or more alternative terms, whether in the description,
claims, or drawings, should be understood to contemplate the possibilities of including
15 one of the terms, either of the terms or both terms. For example, the phrase “A or B”
will be understood to include the possibilities of “A” or “B” or “A and B.”
[0072] It will be further appreciated that functions or structures of a plurality of
components or steps may be combined into a single component or step, or the functions
or structures of one-step or component may be split among plural steps or components.
20 The present disclosure contemplates all of these combinations. Unless stated otherwise,
dimensions and geometries of the various structures depicted herein are not intended
to be restrictive of the disclosure, and other dimensions or geometries are possible. In
addition, while a feature of the present disclosure may have been described in the
context of only one of the illustrated embodiments, such feature may be combined with
25 one or more other features of other embodiments, for any given application. It will also
be appreciated from the above that the fabrication of the unique structures herein and
the operation thereof also constitute methods in accordance with the present disclosure.
The present disclosure also encompasses intermediate and end products resulting from
21
the practice of the methods herein. The use of “comprising” or “including” also
contemplates embodiments that “consist essentially of” or “consist of” the recited
feature.
[0073] Although embodiments for the present subject matter have been described
5 in language specific to structural features, it is to be understood that the present subject
matter is not necessarily limited to the specific features described. Rather, the specific
features and methods are disclosed as embodiments for the present subject matter.
Numerous modifications and adaptations of the system/component of the present
disclosure will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and thus it is intended by the
10 appended claims to cover all such modifications and adaptations which fall within the
scope of the present subject matter.

I/We claim:
1. A protection device (100) for an illumination system, comprising
a plurality of fuses (F1, F2, F3; 1) connected in series for absorbing the heat
generated from high surge pulse occurred on a supply line at an instant, wherein
5 one terminal of said fuse is connected to one point of a bridge rectifier (BD-2A);
one or more electrolytic capacitors (2) connected in series with the plurality
of fuses (1) for capturing high pick pulse for charging said capacitors, wherein the
pick voltage occurs at the terminal points of said capacitors;
a unidirectional diode (D1; 4) connected in series to the one or more
10 electrolytic capacitors (2) for allowing the high pulse to flow into said capacitor for
charging purpose for a short duration, wherein said unidirectional diode (D1; 4)
operates in one direction in forward bias mode by allowing a maximum limit of
pick pulse; and
one or more serially connected surface-mounted device (SMD) resistors (3)
15 coupled to the unidirectional diode (D1; 4) for discharging the charged electrolytic
capacitors (2), to restrict the entry of the high surge pulses into the illumination
system.
2. The protection device (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the plurality of fuses
(F1, F2, F3; 1) are wire bound resistors (WWR) for controlling overcurrent and
20 overload caused due to high surge.
3. The protection device (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the one or more
electrolytic capacitors (2) comprises at least two electrolytic capacitors (EC1,
EC2).
23
4. The protection device (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the resistance value of
the resistors (3) is selected in a based on the specification of the illumination
system.
5. The protection device (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the illumination system
5 is one of an electric lamp/bulb and a light-emitting diode (LED) system, and
wherein LED system is one of a LED bulb and a tube light, used in vehicles, trains,
street lights, signaling systems, and other electrical and electronics instruments.
6. The protection device (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the protection device
(100) is implemented in a hybrid printed circuit board (PCB) system or a child PCB
10 for overcoming the damages of main circuit of the illumination system.
7. A method for operating a protection device (100) for an illumination system, said
method comprising:
preventing the flow of high surge pulse in a supply line by using a plurality
of fuses connected in series for absorbing high surge pulse;
15 passing high surge pulse in one direction, towards serially connected one or
more electrolytic capacitors for charging for a defined period of time; and
discharging the charged one or more electrolytic capacitors through a
plurality of surface-mounted device (SMD) resistors serially connected, the
plurality of surface-mounted device (SMD) resistors being coupled parallel to the
20 circuit combination of a unidirectional diode and the one or more electrolytic
capacitors, for overcoming high surge and continuous high voltage.
8. The method as claimed in claim 7, wherein the one or more electrolytic capacitors
are chargeable up to 700V till up to 1.15 cycles.
24
9. The method as claimed in claim 7, wherein the plurality of fuses (F1, F2, F3) are
wire bound resistors (WWR) for controlling overcurrent and overload caused due
to high surge.
10. The method as claimed in claim 7, wherein the illumination system is one of an
5 electric lamp/bulb and a light-emitting diode (LED) system, and wherein LED
system is one of a LED bulb and a tube light, used in vehicles, trains, street lights,
signaling systems, and other electrical and electronics instruments.