FORM 2
THE PATENTS ACT, 1970
(39 OF 1970)
As amended by the Patents (Amendment) Act, 2005
&
The Patents Rules, 2003
As amended by the Patents (Amendment) Rules, 2006
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
(See section 10 and rule 13)
TITLE OF THE INVENTION
A real-time railway track fault detection system.
APPLICANTS
Crompton Greaves Limited, CG House, Dr Annie Besant Road, Worli, Mumbai 400 030, Maharashtra, India, an Indian Company
INVENTORS
Roy Pradip Kumar of Crompton Greaves Ltd., AMPTC, Global R&D Centre, Kanjurmarg (East), Mumbai - 400042, Maharashtra, India and Sawarkar Arvind and Guruguntla Nagarjuna; both of Crompton Greaves Limited, Technology Information Centre (TIC), Bhaskara Building, CG Global R&D Centre, Kanjurmarg (East), Mumbai - 400042, Maharashtra, India., all Indian Nationals.
PREAMBLE TO THE DESCRIPTION
The following specification particularly describes the nature of this invention and the manner in which it is to be performed.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION:
This invention relates to the field of electro-mechanics and material science.
Particularly, this invention relates to railways, locomotives, railway systems, railway tracks, and safety mechanism, thereof.
More particularly, this invention relates to a railway track safety means for avoiding derailing of passing trains.
Specifically, this invention relates to an improved railway track safety means capable of avoiding damages to passing trains in real time by advanced sensing of railway track condition.
More specifically, this invention relates to a real-time railway track fault detection system.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION:
Transport and travel systems entail various means and mechanisms to carry people and cargo from one place to another. Such systems are essential in the growth of a country and the world, at large. Railroads and railways form a large part of road based travel and transport mechanisms in almost any country in the world.
Derailment of railways is one issue of threat that railway operators are constantly challenged with what with the miles of railway track networks, crossings, junctions, and the like. In railways across the globe, with

modern tracking, security, and analysis systems, though the problem of derailing has decreased considerably, there is still a strong need for an advanced system for the identification of any possible threats or damages to the railway track through natural disasters such as landslides, earthquakes, lightning and the like alongside damages caused by intentional activities of damaging tracks by anti-social or unscrupulous elements.
More precisely, there has been no real time monitoring system which can detect any railway track damage detection. In various circumstances, such as a terrorist activity involved in intentional damage to tracks, there is no way that the damage can be traced at a current point of time of travel by a railway engine or bogie before encountering the damaged portion of the track. Though there have been alternative solutions to this problem by many companies and individuals grossly involved in this domain, none of them could be held as practically feasible or cost efficient solutions.
In the past, there have been few solutions suggested. General Electric Co. and have filed a couple patent applications. US6262573B1 patent titled "Electromagnetic system for railroad track crack detection and traction enhancement" discloses an electromagnetic system for detecting cracked rail and enhancing traction when necessary, includes wiring coils around wheel axles, and a corresponding power source for supplying power to the coils for producing electromagnetic flux. The produced electromagnetic flux is routed through the wheel axles, wheels and rails in a closed circuit. When a cracked rail is encountered along the route, the circuit will be interrupted or open, resulting in a changed flux pattern. This pattern change is detected by a flux sensor, and the geographic location of the crack in the rail is determined. However, the biggest

drawback of this system is that the railway track damages or cracks can be detected only once the tracking system is run over it. Hence, this can be an effective solution for cases where one deploys an inspection team to perform this and then allow the rail locomotive to pass over it. Also, this system cannot reduce derailing caused by intentional or spontaneous or instantaneous damages done by certain individuals, terrorist activities or any similar anti-social elements.
Alternatively, General Electric has filed US7575201 patent titled "System and method for detecting a change or an obstruction to a railway track" sensing changes in the environment proximate the track, the system including a sensor for detecting a magnetic field proximate the railroad track and generating data indicative of the magnetic field, a processor for processing data from the sensor to identify changes in the magnetic field proximate the track, and a communication device in communication with the processor for transmitting indicia indicative of changes in the environment proximate the track affecting the capability of the track to safely carry railroad vehicles. Though the system may be effective and at the same time foolproof, however, for any country it would be humongous task to accept such a non practical solution involving placement of sensors besides the track at a distance of around every 10 mts and a communication device at every 100 mts for communicating/receiving signals from these sensors. This solution can take years for installation of the sensors, huge manpower and mind boggling investments which may go in performing these extremely giant projects. Also, this solution is quite prone to tampering since the hardware systems used for tracking and communication is still placed within the reach of anti-social elements and can be damaged or tampered with easily.

OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION:
It is an object of the invention to solve the above mentioned problems by providing a more practically feasible, cost efficient and perfectly foolproof solution by providing a railway track damage detection system for detecting railway track damage in real time.
It is also an object of the invention to provide a system which can be used for detection of railway track damage or cracks in real time from a moving locomotive.
It is also an object of the invention to provide a system which is not prone to tampering and is capable of identification of railway track damage from long distances well in advance before a locomotive is allowed to run over it.
Also, it is an object of the invention to provide a system which includes a specially designed material which will be applied on to existing railway tracks and will greatly enhance the EMF (electromotive force/magnetic force) conductance to long distances as well as sustaining ability of EMF for a longer period of time.
Further, areas of applicability of the present invention will become apparent from the detailed description provided hereinafter. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the preferred embodiment of the invention, are intended for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION:
According to this invention, there is provided a real-time railway track fault detection system comprises:
a. Electromotive Force (EMF) transmitting unit adapted to transmit
EMF signals along an operative forward direction, said EMF
transmitting unit adapted to be placed on a locomotive and further
adapted to channel said transmitted signals on to railway tracks in
pre-defined proximity to the forward end of said locomotive;
b. signal reception means adapted to receive reception signals from
said railway tracks on to which said transmitted EMF signals have
been transmitted or are incident; and
c. computation means adapted to compute profile in terms of EMF
parameters in relation to said received signals and further adapted to
sense change(s) in said profile of EMF parameters along said railway
tracks in order to sense physical fault in correlated with said sensed
electronic profile.
Typically, said Electromotive Force transmitting unit comprises a superconducting magnet enclosed in a portable enclosure which is designed in such a manner that they can be installed on any globally available locomotives.
Typically, said Electromotive Force transmitting unit is a Super-Electromotive Force transmitting unit adapted to transmit Super-EMF signals.
Typically, said Electromotive Force transmitting unit is a Super-Electromotive Force transmitting unit adapted to constantly generate

extremely strong magnetic fields for channeling along said railway tracks in such a manner that they travel pre-defined distances of transmission.
Typically, said Electromotive Force transmitting unit comprises superconducting magnets which realise the formation and transmission of Super-EMF, said magnets being selected from a list of alloys consisting of Nb-Sn, Nb-Ti, Nb-B, Nb-Zr-Ti, Sm-(Co, Cu, Zr), Sr-ferrite based magnet, and the like.
Typically, said railway tracks are coated railway tracks adapted to be coated with a pre-defined material such that it reflects changes in profile due to incidence of Super-EMF on to it.
Typically, said railway tracks are coated railway tracks adapted to be coated with a pre-defined material, said material being selected from a list of materials consisting of combinations of magnetic alloys (mainly ferro and ferri- magnetic alloy) in crystalline powder form which can be easily coated on to the railway tracks in a powder coated form.
Typically, said railway tracks are coated railway tracks adapted to be coated with a pre-defined material, said material being selected from a list of materials consisting of combinations of magnetic alloys (mainly ferro and ferri- magnetic alloy) in crystalline powder form which can be easily coated on to the railway tracks in a powder coated form, said magnetic alloys being a combination of three main magnetic elements selected from iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), and cobalt (Co).
Typically, said railway tracks are coated railway tracks adapted to be coated with a pre-defined material, said material being alloys adapted to

act as superconducting means for passing generated strong magnetic fields in a channeled manner and also in allowing the magnetic field to sustain for a longer time.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE ACCOMPANYING DRAWINGS:
The invention will now be described in relation to the accompanying drawings, in which:
Figure 1 illustrates a schematic of the real-time railway track fault detection system.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE ACCOMPANYING DRAWINGS:
According to this invention, there is provided a real-time railway track fault detection system.
The current invention is a combination of a system and specially designed material which when used in relation with each other can enhance a moving locomotive's ability to detect railway track damage well in advance in a real-time scenario.
Figure 1 illustrates a schematic of the system.
In accordance with an embodiment of this invention, there is provided an Electromotive Force (EMF) transmitting unit (12) adapted to transmit EMF signals along an operative forward direction. The EMF transmitting unit is adapted to be placed in a locomotive, advantageously, and is

enabled to channel the signals on to the tracks in proximity to the forward end of the locomotive. These EMF signals need to be relatively stronger signals as they are to be transmitted and channeled in an open environment of railway networks. The locomotive moves in an operative forward direction and the signals are enabled to be transmitted on to the tracks in the operative forward direction or moving direction of the locomotive.
Typically, the Electromotive Force (EMF) transmitting unit comprises a superconducting magnet enclosed in a portable enclosure which is designed in such a manner that they can be installed on any globally available locomotives.
The installation of the transmitting unit which is hereafter referred to as "Super-EMF" can be installed either inside the locomotive or can be installed externally on the top or the bottom of the locomotive or any advantageous location so as to channel the signals as required by the system and method of this invention. Although, the installation will not impact the performance of the system expect for the decision to best suit the locomotives, various other factors such as space constraint, aesthetic designs or environmental conditions in that particular geography need to be considered.
The Super-EMF is responsible in constant generation of extremely strong magnetic fields which will be carefully channeled along the railway tracks in such a manner that they travel pre-defined distances of transmission. According to one exemplary embodiment, this distance may be up to 5 kms. However, it must be understood that there is no

restriction on the distances and they can be reduced or increased based on the superconducting magnets.
The list of superconducting magnets which realise the formation and transmission of such Super-EMF can be selected from a list of alloys consisting of Nb-Sn, Nb-Ti, Nb-B, Nb-Zr-Ti, Sm-(Co, Cu, Zr), Sr-ferrite based magnet and the like.
Also, the Super-EMF is adapted to sense any change(s) in the profile of EMF passed along the railway tracks in a forward direction.
It is very important that these Super-EMFs are to be focused and properly channeled along the tracks so that they do not cause any interference with the electricity cables passing above the trains responsible in providing power input to the locomotives.
In accordance with another embodiment of this invention, there is provided a signal reception means (14) adapted to receive reception signals from the tracks on to which Super-EMF signals have been transmitted or are incident.
In accordance with yet another embodiment of this invention, there are provided tracks, particularly, railway tracks adapted to be coated with a pre-defined material (50) such that it reflects changes in profile due to incidence of Super-EMF on to it.
The list of pre-defined material can be selected from a list of alloys consisting of combinations of magnetic alloys (mainly ferro and ferri-magnetic alloy) in crystalline powder form which can be easily coated on

to the railway tracks in a powder coated form. Magnetic alloys are combination of three main magnetic elements: iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), and cobalt (Co). These crystalline particles in the alloy act as superconducting means for passing the generated strong magnetic fields in a channeled manner and also in allowing the magnetic field to sustain for a longer time. The sustainability can vary from few micro seconds to milliseconds. The material can be designed in a manner so as to reduce or increase the sustainability of the Super-EMF.
The incidence of Super-EMF signals on to such tracks causes a predefined profile of reception. However, if there are damaged portions on such tracks, there are aberrations in the pre-defined profile of reception.
In a working mode, the Super- EMF transmitting means constantly generates extremely strong magnetic fields (by means of signals) along the railway tracks for a pre-defined distance in a moving mode. Reception means of the signal continuously receives signals from the coated track and records its profile. Whenever, at a point within the pre-defined distance from the moving locomotive, the reception means of the system receives aberrations in signals and therefore, may be used by calibrated computation systems (16) in order to immediately and precisely detect any damage or crack in the railway track. This can be intimated to a user or in this case a driver of the locomotive in order to take immediate evasive action and halt the train in a safe distance prior to damage and more importantly in a meticulous manner without causing any panic. Generally, in the case of a normal condition, the Super-EMF will decrease with moving distance. However, incase of any discontinuity because of crack/damage there will be sudden change in the form of a

dipping spike and this will be automatically detected by the on-board Super-EMF.
It is extremely important to note that the above invention when implemented in the combination will be capable in achieving the desired performance of a moving locomotive.
While this detailed description has disclosed certain specific embodiments of the present invention for illustrative purposes, various modifications will be apparent to those skilled in the art which do not constitute departures from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the following claims, and it is to be distinctly understood that the foregoing descriptive matter is to be interpreted merely as illustrative of the invention and not as a limitation.

We claim,
1. A real-time railway track fault detection system comprising:
a. Electromotive Force (EMF) transmitting unit adapted to
transmit EMF signals along an operative forward direction,
said EMF transmitting unit adapted to be placed on a
locomotive and further adapted to channel said transmitted
signals on to railway tracks in pre-defined proximity to the
forward end of said locomotive;
b. signal reception means adapted to receive reception signals
from said railway tracks on to which said transmitted EMF
signals have been transmitted or are incident; and
c. computation means adapted to compute profile in terms of
EMF parameters in relation to said received signals and
further adapted to sense change(s) in said profile of EMF
parameters along said railway tracks in order to sense physical
fault in correlated with said sensed electronic profile.
2. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein said Electromotive Force transmitting unit comprising a superconducting magnet enclosed in a portable enclosure which is designed in such a manner that they can be installed on any globally available locomotives.
3. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein said Electromotive Force transmitting unit is a Super- Electromotive Force transmitting unit adapted to transmit Super-EMF signals.

4. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein said Electromotive Force transmitting unit is a Super- Electromotive Force transmitting unit adapted to constantly generate extremely strong magnetic fields for channeling along said railway tracks in such a manner that they travel pre-defined distances of transmission.
5. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein said Electromotive Force transmitting unit comprising superconducting magnets which realise the formation and transmission of Super-EMF, said magnets being selected from a list of alloys consisting of Nb-Sn, Nb-Ti, Nb-B, Nb-Zr-Ti, Sm-(Co, Cu, Zr), Sr-ferrite based magnet, and the like.
6. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein said railway tracks are coated railway tracks adapted to be coated with a pre-defined material such that it reflects changes in profile due to incidence of Super-EMF on to it.
7. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein said railway tracks are coated railway tracks adapted to be coated with a pre-defined material, said material being selected from a list of materials consisting of combinations of magnetic alloys (mainly ferro and ferri- magnetic alloy) in crystalline powder form which can be easily coated on to the railway tracks in a powder coated form.
8. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein said railway tracks are coated railway tracks adapted to be coated with a pre-defined material, said material being selected from a list of materials consisting of combinations of magnetic alloys (mainly ferro and

ferri- magnetic alloy) in crystalline powder form which can be easily coated on to the railway tracks in a powder coated form, said magnetic alloys being a combination of three main magnetic elements selected from iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), and cobalt (Co).
9. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein said railway tracks are coated railway tracks adapted to be coated with a pre-defined material, said material being alloys adapted to act as superconducting means for passing generated strong magnetic fields in a channeled manner and also in allowing the magnetic field to sustain for a longer time.