Claims:CLAIMS

1. A real time simulator for multi-stage biological wastewater treatment comprising:

a storage facility of source wastewater;

at least two aerobic reactors and clarifier and a hybrid reactor with discharger connected with each other vide a circuit;
a plurality of pump, nozzles, pipelines and valve network to control the flow of waste water between the reactor tanks;
a plurality of sensors configured for real time monitoring the physical parameters in each of the reactors; and
a programmable logic controller configured for acquisition of data from the said reactors and control of the pumps and the valves from a remote location.

2. A real time simulator for multi-stage biological wastewater treatment as claimed in claim 1, wherein the water inlet and outlet nozzles of the reactors are placed in such a manner that no direct channeling during flow of water can take place.

3. A real time simulator for multi-stage biological wastewater treatment as claimed in claim 1, wherein the aerobic reactors are designed as continuous stirred tank reactor wherein stirring is carried out using continuous aeration through a grid of diffusers.

4. A real time simulator for multi-stage biological wastewater treatment as claimed in claim 1, wherein bottom of the aerobic reactor is designed like a cartridge drawer that can be horizontally opened, diffuser grid can be taken out, cleaned and again put into operation without disturbing experimentation.

5. A real time simulator for multi-stage biological wastewater treatment as claimed in claim 1, wherein the plurality of sensor include sensor for Dissolved Oxygen, pH and MLSS (Mixed Liquor Suspended Sludge) and Temperature in the reactor is monitored using DISSOVED OXYGEN, pH, TEMPERATURE and SUSPENDED SOLID.

6. A real time simulator for multi-stage biological wastewater treatment as claimed in claim 1, wherein the clarifier underflow slurry is recycled through a variable flow pump

to first aerobic reactor wherein part of the sludge can be recycled and part of the sludge can be wasted..

7. A real time simulator for multi-stage biological wastewater treatment as claimed in claim 1, wherein the hybrid reactor is in the nature of fluidized bed and there is a pump which continuously recycles the water in this reactor and flow rate is such that microbial culture remains in fluidized condition.

8. A real time simulator for multi-stage biological wastewater treatment as claimed in claim 1, wherein the simulator is configured for optimizing any existing treatment process.

9. A real time simulator for multi-stage biological wastewater treatment as claimed in claim 1, wherein the simulator is configured for understanding effectiveness of any new treatment regime.

10. A real time simulator for multi-stage biological wastewater treatment as claimed in claim 1, wherein the simulator is configured for studying the efficacy of any existing treatment regime.

11. A real time simulator for multi-stage biological wastewater treatment as claimed in claim 1, wherein the simulator is configured for effectively comparing between various treatment alternatives.

12. A real time simulator for multi-stage biological wastewater treatment as claimed in claim 1, wherein the simulator is configured for making adjustments in treatment process for maintaining target water quality.

13. A real time simulator for multi-stage biological wastewater treatment as claimed in claim 1, wherein the simulator is configured for flexibility of in-process storage of culture even during continuous operation for system maintenance.

14. A real time simulator for multi-stage biological wastewater treatment as claimed in claim 1, wherein the simulator is configured for Identifying theoretical maximum and minimum efficiency level at different operating and process conditions.

15. A real time simulator for multi-stage biological wastewater treatment as claimed in claim 1, wherein the simulator is configured for flexibility of various aeration regimes.

16. A real time simulator for multi-stage biological wastewater treatment as claimed in claim 1, wherein the simulator is configured for carrying out experiment under various processes and operating conditions.

17. A real time simulator for multi-stage biological wastewater treatment as claimed in claim 1, wherein the simulator is configured for using actual wastewater with also having the facility for preparation of simulated wastewater if required.

18. A real time simulator for multi-stage biological wastewater treatment as claimed in claim 1, wherein the simulator is configured for variability study using aeration, feed rate, pH and sludge recycling rate as key variables.

19. A real time simulator for multi-stage biological wastewater treatment as claimed in claim 1, wherein the simulator is configured for making adjustments in treatment programmes for maintaining wastewater treatment effectiveness.

20. A real time simulator for multi-stage biological wastewater treatment as claimed in claim 1, wherein the simulator is configured for determining best control strategy and appropriate control techniques for aerobic-aerobic-anoxic wastewater treatment.

Dated: this 18th day of March, 2016.

To,
The Controller of Patents, The Patent Office, Kolkata.

, Description:

FORM 2

THE PATENTS ACT, 1970

(39 of 1970)
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION (Section 10 and rule 13)

TITLE

A REAL TIME SIMULATOR FOR MULTI-STAGE BIOLOGICAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT

APPLICANT

STEEL AUTHORITY OF INDIA LIMITED, A GOVT. OF INDIA ENTERPRISE,
RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT CENTRE FOR IRON & STEEL, DORANDA, RANCHI-834002, STATE OF JHARKHAND

The following specification particularly describes the nature of the invention and the manner in which it is to be performed

A REAL TIME SIMULATOR FOR MULTI-STAGE BIOLOGICAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT

FIELD OF INVENTION

The present invention relates to improvements in the treatment of industrial waste water using activated sludge. More particularly the present invention relates to real time multi-stage biological wastewater treatment simulator for removing organic matter using activated sludge by optimizing any biological wastewater treatment.

BACKGROUND ART

The goal of effective wastewater treatment is to successfully treat pollutants of wide fluctuation and achieve effluent quality of not only normative level but also, if practicable, attain a level that facilitates recycling. While treatment of wastewater containing inorganic constituents is done mostly through chemical methods using stoichiometric quantities, treatment of wastewater containing organic constituents is mostly done using biological method where no such stoichiometric relations exist. Biological Wastewater treatment is a complex process which involves a significant number of biological, biochemical and physico-chemical sub processes. These processes are extremely non-linear as well as non-empirical in nature and therefore greatly affected by fluctuations in incoming streams as well as process and operating conditions.

Activated sludge is the most widely used process for biological wastewater treatment. In the basic process biomass of suspended nature is cultured and maintained for biologically degrading pollutants. The degradation takes place for a designed residence time, generally in a continuous stirred tank reactor. Consequently flock mixed wastewater, often known as mixed liquor, goes to a clarifier for sedimentation where the sludge gets settled at the bottom of the sludge; part of the sludge is recycled and part of the sludge is wasted. However, the actual treatment processes often have multiple stages along with physico-chemical separations as well as interventions. Actual plant operations are also highly sensitive and therefore offer little operational flexibility. Optimization of treatment through modern control strategies is also required as operation is highly dynamic in nature because of variation in

wastewater compositions, strengths and flow rates owing to the processes generating wastewater as well as non linearity of treatment process itself.

In a steel plant, a large volume of effluent is generated as a result of coke making process which is toxic in nature. The effluent is generated at various sources and has different characteristics and volumes. However, these units were built more than three decades back when there was little available knowledge of biological treatment process of Coke Oven effluent. Flow rates of individual units have also increased over the years because of increased capacity utilization and capacity addition. Therefore, most of the steel plants in general find it difficult to achieve stipulated norms. Since steel plant effluent generated from coke oven is highly complex in nature, the treatment gets affected by all the factors noted above and more; lack of in-depth understanding of limits of process and treatment variables limits the effective control of effluent quality. In addition it is also envisaged that introduction of advanced control strategies may provide a reduction in required residence time as well as other resources while attaining effluent standards.

Considering complexity of carrying out optimization of treatment processes in actual process and operating conditions of a plant, a number of computers based application software / simulation programmes have been reported in literature. The modeling traditionally used in bioprocesses is based on balance equations together with rate equations for microbial growth, substratum consumption and formation of products. Recent literature reports application of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) is key component of this software.

GPS-X (General Purpose Simulation) is one such generic tool available for the mathematical modeling, simulation, optimization and management of wastewater treatment plants. The software presumably helps in Developing and optimizing advanced control schemes, predict effluent quality under varying conditions of an actual or proposed plant.

ASIM (Activated Sludge Simulation Program) is a simulation program, which allows for the simulation of a variety of different biological wastewater treatment systems: The program allows for the definition of process control loops and dynamic simulation

of load variation. The special feature of ASIM is that biokinetic models (the different materials or components used to characterize the wastewater and the transformation processes with relevant stoichiometry and kinetics) may be freely defined, stored and edited by the user.

The simulation system SIMBA is versatile software for the modeling and dynamic simulation in the field of wastewater engineering. SIMBA allows the holistic analysis of sewer system, wastewater treatment plant (WWTP), sludge treatment and receiving waters. All the components necessary for a detailed analysis of the subsystems and their interactions are integrated into a single, comprehensive simulation system in a user-friendly way, using state-of-the-art modeling approaches.

WEST++ is a modeling and simulation environment for biological processes which can be described (in an Object–Oriented fashion) as a structured collection of Differential Algebraic Equations (DAE’s).

LIMITATIONS OF COMPUTER BASED APPLICATION SOFTWARE/SIMULATION PROGRAMMES
In biological wastewater treatment systems, reduction of waste is performed by bacteria which consider (non-toxic) waste components as food. The (non-linear) dynamics and properties of the biological wastewater treatment processes are still not very well understood. As a consequence, a unique mathematical model remains elusive. This, in contrast to traditional mechanical and electrical systems where the model can be derived from physical laws. Owing to incomplete information on modeling processes, the optimality of the results cannot be assessed, and it is difficult to draw meaningful conclusions from the performance of the different models. Although modeling and computer simulations are essential to describe, predict and control the complicated interactions of the processes and numerous control techniques (algorithms) and control strategies (structures) have been suggested through various abovementioned programmes, it is difficult to make a proper performance evaluation from these models. Moreover, Software based simulators can be used only to predict process performance. Therefore

Software based simulators can never match effectiveness of actual real time physical simulation facility.

OBJECT OF INVENTION

The main objective of this real time simulator is to evaluate, through simulations, biological wastewater treatment through different process management and control strategies. The simulation process can be carried out under dynamic treatment and process conditions. The simulator can be a decision support tool to have control over biological wastewater treatment under actual plant conditions; i.e., control over treatment process, comparison between various treatment alternatives and compare their efficacy, possibility of replacement of existing treatment regime with alternate treatment regime and monitoring of degradation characteristics under various treatment and process conditions. The simulator is primarily aimed at studying combination of aerobic suspended sludge /activated sludge process coupled with anoxic fluidized bed process.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The simulator is designed for a three stage process where two stages constitute an aerobic process and third stage constitutes an anoxic process. The first two stages are Continuous stirred tank reactors (CSTR ) arranged in such a way that the effluent from one reactor is fed to the second reactor through clarifier. The reactors can be operated in batch mode as well as continuous mode. Both sludge culturing and acclimatized sludge utilization is possible in the simulator. The simulator offers facilities for on-line control of Dissolved Oxygen, pH and continuous management of suspended solids [ the parameter being known as Mixed Liquor suspended Sludge (MLSS) in case of biological wastewater treatment]. The mixing effect of continuous stirring is achieved through in-situ compressor based aeration which also plays the role of supply of oxygen. There exists facility for use of actual wastewater as well as simulated wastewater. The simulator also offers facility for sludge wastage and recycling at different levels. In the simulator there exists facility for storage of water for more than two weeks of experimentation using actual wastewater. In the simulator there is storage facility of effluent where automatic fill up and level control facility

exists. There also exists facility for flushing of the whole system for carrying out fresh set of experimentation. The variability of flow rate offers the flexibility of studying the system/bicultural response at various flow conditions. The clarifiers in the system also offer the opportunity for sludge settlability study. Actual sludge growth pattern can also be monitored at various process/operating temperatures. The simulator also offers the opportunity to study system response at various aeration regimes. The hybrid reactor helps in studying the treatment efficiency in anoxic regime.

Therefore such as herein disclosed is a real time simulator for multi-stage biological wastewater treatment comprising: a storage facility of source wastewater; at least two aerobic reactors and clarifier and a hybrid reactor with discharger connected with each other vide a circuit; a plurality of pump, nozzles, pipelines and valve network to control the flow of waste water between the reactor tanks; a plurality of sensors configured for real time monitoring the physical parameters in each of the reactors; and a programmable logic controller configured for acquisition of data from the said reactors and control of the pumps and the valves from a remote location.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE ACCOMPANYING DRAWINGS

Fig. 1 illustrates flow diagram / Schematic configuration of the simulator in accordance with the present invention;
Fig. 2 illustrates the GUI screen for online control of the simulator in accordance with the present invention;
Fig. 3 is a graph illustrating the pH change in Reactor 1when control is not resorted to during process studies in accordance with the present invention;
Fig. 4 is a graph illustrating the Suspended Solids level in Reactor in absence of bio- culture in accordance with the present invention;
Fig. 5 is a graph illustrating the Stabilized bio-culture in first reactor in accordance with the present invention;
Fig. 6 is a graph illustrating the Stabilized bio-culture in second reactor in accordance with the present invention;
Fig. 7 is a graph illustrating the On-line management of Dissolved Oxygen through aeration in accordance with the present invention;

Fig. 8 is a graph illustrating the pH change in Reactor 2 when pH control is not resorted in accordance with the present invention;
Fig. 9 is a graph illustrating the Inlet, intermittent and final cyanide level during continuous run in accordance with the present invention;
Fig. 10 is a graph illustrating the Inlet, intermittent and final ammonia level during continuous run in accordance with the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The invention is directed to a real time simulator for multi-stage biological wastewater treatment to reduce the amount or concentration of undesirable species, and render water suitable for further downstream processing, secondary uses, or discharge to the environment. One or more aspects of the invention relate to wastewater treatment systems and methods of operation and facilitating thereof. The invention is not limited in its application to the details of construction and the arrangement of components, systems, or subsystems set forth herein, and are capable of being practiced or of being carried out in various ways. Typically, the waste to be treated, such as wastewater or a wastewater stream, contains waste matter which, in some cases, may comprise solids and soluble and insoluble organic and inorganic material. Prior to discharge to the environment, such streams may require treatment to decontaminate or at least partially render the wastewater streams benign or at least satisfactory for discharge under established regulatory requirements or guidelines.

Some aspects of the disclosed invention may involve biologically treating wastewater by promoting bacterial digestion of biodegradable material, conversion of an undesirable species, to a more desirable species of at least a portion of at least one species in the wastewater

STORAGE ZONE

In the simulator there exists a fixed line with a valve which can be used to fill the base effluent storage tank. The valve can also be used to drain out the effluent storage tank, as and when necessary. There exists a fresh water tank which can be used to clean up components of whole simulator. Both base effluent storage tank and fresh water tank are connected to the inlet side of the pump through valves. The outlet of

pumps are connected to in-process storage tanks through electro-pneumatic ON/OFF valves; these tanks can be used for multiple purposes- storage of raw effluent, preparation of synthetic effluent ( if required for study purposes ), and/or pre- conditioning/pre-treatment of effluent. There are two such tanks; both these tanks have drain lines. In these tanks there exists facility for high level alarm interlock and low level alarm interlocks generated through level transmitters. System logic ensures that always one tank will remain in filled-up position. This is done through two electro- pneumatic on/off valves which are interlocked with wastewater low levels in raw effluent storage tanks. This ensures that if a tank is selected and level in the tank reaches to low level then the tank will be closed after some time lag. Similarly if high level alarm is activated the tank will no longer be filled and valve for filling of other tank will be opened. Once both the tanks get filled, feed pump is stopped. There also exists facility of joining these pumps with cleaning water line to flush the system in addition to the fact that every individual tank of the system has separate drain line with manual valves for cleaning. Wastewater drawal pipes of the tank is directed and designed in such a manner that when water level in these storage tanks reaches near 25% level of total volume either flow is stopped or switched over to other tank so that no void enters the pump. Once this low level is reached there is automatic switching from withdrawal of wastewater from second tank where same module of action is repeated. The system is designed in such a manner that by the time second tank gets exhausted first tanks gets filled up ( and vice versa ) so that continuous process do not get hampered at any point of time.

FIRST AEROBIC REACTOR (R1) AND CLARIFIER (C1)

There exists two numbers of variable flow pumps, one standby & one user selectable, which will pump the waste water to first aerobic reactor. The inlet side of these pumps are connected through valves to the outlet valves of two storage tanks described earlier. Either of these two pumps are in operation, which in turn can draw wastewater from either of the storage tanks. In order to incorporate flow as variable parameter in simulator, which is generally not possible in actual plant conditions, flow rate can be varied from as low as 20 litres/ hour to as high as 60 litres per hours; flexibility of study with variable flow rate also ensures flexibility of study with variable residence time. The volume of reactor and flow passage from reactor to clarifier is also designed

to assist this study. The water inlet and outlet nozzles of the reactors are placed in such a manner that no direct channeling during flow of water can take place. The reactor is designed as a continuous stirred tank reactor where considering the fact that shear forces affect the microbial culture, conventional stirring is done away with; instead stirring is carried out using continuous aeration. Continuous aeration also plays the key role of supplying and maintaining oxygen in the reactor. Continuous aeration is carried out by supplying air from a high pressure compressor system from where aeration can be controlled by throttling. The reactors and associated valve system is designed in such a manner that both batch and continuous studies as well as semi-continuous studies can also be carried out using the reactor to understand system response. The aeration is given through a grid lock of ceramic diffusers. The design of pipe lines is such that within experiments the in-process wastewater can be stored in storage tanks and the diffuser grid can be taken out from first aerobic reactor bottom ( which is designed like a cartridge drawer that can be horizontally opened, diffuser grid can be taken out, cleaned and again put into operation without disturbing experimentation ). This cartridge like diffuser grid also offers the flexibility of studying with various types of diffusers as well as aeration regimes. There also exists drainage facility in the reactor.

Dissolved Oxygen, pH and MLSS (Mixed Liquor Suspended Sludge) and Temperature in the reactor is monitored using DISSOVED OXYGEN, pH, TEMPERATURE and SUSPENDED SOLID sensors. First two parameters (DISSOVED OXYGEN, pH) can be controlled directly. Control action for Dissolved Oxygen can be carried out both by setting of dissolved oxygen level in HMI screen by actuation of electro-pneumatic on-off valve as well as throttling of compressor circuit as described earlier. For pH control there is a separate circuit comprising of Acid tank, Base tank, a host of on-off control valves and dosing pumps. Acid/Base dosing can be carried for maintaining pH both at a particular value as well as in a particular range during experimentation from HMI screen through electro-pneumatic on-off valves. Using this circuit optimization studies can be carried out by settling pH at different set points. Temperature of the reactor can be monitored. Control and Management of suspended solids level is done in reactor in combination mode- through monitoring of

SUSPENDED SOLIDS as well as management of sludge in clarifier circuit (explained below). All the data are logged in PLC system based on user selectable time interval.

From first aerobic reactor treated mixed effluent goes to clarifier. The effluent is centrally fed to clarifier through overflow pipes and valves. Clarifier overflow is collected in an overflow weir zone from where water is pumped to second aerobic reactor through pumps. There also exists provision for non-return valves. The sizing/design of the clarifier is such that in the clarifier more than 95% of incoming suspended solids gets removed to underflow. Clarifier underflow slurry can be recycled through a variable flow pump to first aerobic reactor. The circuit is designed in such a manner that a part of the sludge can be wasted and a part of the sludge can be recycled. The wastage/recycling of Mixed Liquor Suspended Sludge ( MLSS) is a an important part of optimization study which can be done in combination with on-line monitoring of Suspended Solids in First aerobic reactor as explained earlier. This is done in the following manner: Suspended solids (MLSS) value is monitored on-line in first reactor and this value is used to actuate the electro-pneumatic ON/OFF valve for sludge recycling from clarifier underflow. Waste sludge is disposed off through electro-pneumatic ON/OFF valve which is actuated as per the need.

SECOND AEROBIC REACTOR AND CLARIFIER

All the monitoring, controlling and flow loop elements working alongside second aerobic reactor (R2) and clarifier (C2) are exact replica of the elements of first aerobic reactor and clarifier and therefore details has not been repeated.

In Combination, they offer following advantages i) Parallel batch studies where process, operating and control parameters can be different ii) Continuous two reactor studies ii) continuous one reactor study by bypass the other reactor

HYBRID REACTOR AND DISCHARGE ZONE

The overflow from second clarifier C2 is fed to the bottom of the hybrid reactor through a pump. The design of the whole system is such that in one set of continuous study water need to be pumped to hybrid reactor only once. Once the hybrid reactor gets filled up and water level reaches the level of clarifier, only continuous pumping to

first aerobic reactor is required. The reactor is anoxic (no external aeration is required, but unlike anaerobic systems, existing air is not toxic to these bacteria ) in nature. The reactor is such that there is facility for external feed in this reactor (currently methanol but any feed can be used. The reactor is in the nature of fluidized bed and there is a pump which continuously recycles the water in this reactor and flow rate is such that microbial culture remains in fluidized condition. The process is like this: Water from second clarifier enters the bottom of this reactor, and from top goes to the discharge tank; there is a separate recycle line which keep microbial culture in fluidized condition. Since these lines are at separate levels, negligible volume of culture goes to discharge tank. No control action is carried out in the hybrid reactor but pH, Dissolved Oxygen, Suspended Solids and temperature is monitored in this reactor.

In the discharge tank there is storage facility of treated water for at least’s one day’s water after which water is discharged. There exists provision for sample collection for all reactors and clarifiers. All the data is logged onto PLC system and the graphs reading are illustrated in figures 3 -10. Following parameters are measured online in the discharge tank to measure treatment efficiency in terms of meeting normative level/ recyclability level of treated water : ORP ( Oxidation Reduction Potential ), Conductivity , Total Organic Carbon (TOC), Ammonia and Cyanide.

DETAILS OF MAJOR PROCESS EQUIPMENT:

Raw Effluent Storage Tank

Material of construction: PVC

Volume: 5000 Litres, Expandable up to 20000 litres

Fresh Water Tank

Material of construction: PVC Volume: 2000 Litres

In-process effluent Storage/ Mixing tank

Nos.:2

Material of construction: PVC

Minimum usable volume: any volume above 1000 litres in each tank

Maximum usable volume: 5000 litres/each tank

First and Second Aerobic Reactors

(Both reactors are identical)

Parameter Description
Volumetric Capacity 1250 litres/ each
Experimental capacity 500 litres to 1250 litres through flow rate variation
Cross section Vertical vessels with square cross section
Height/width ratio 2
Side water depth 20% from top of reactor
Material of construction Stainless Steel type 316
Input nozzle At height of 80% from bottom of reactor (2 Nos.)
Output nozzle provided at height of 90% from the bottom of

reactor (1no.)
Bottom arrangement Bottom of each reactor IS provided with grid work

of ceramic diffusers, connected to main compressed header. The assembly can horizontally be opened like a drawer for cleaning purposes

Hybrid reactor

Parameter Description
Cross section Vertical, cylindrical shell with an expanded section

at the top
Material of construction Stainless Steel type:316
Bottom arrangement The liquid entering the reactor at the bottom rises

like fluidized bed through a recirculation pump

Clarifiers

Since clarifiers are identical, clarifiers provided below are applicable for both.

Parameter Description

Capacity 50 Litres per hour of influent mixed liquor ( Avg.

Flow rate)
Average Influent

consistency 500 mg SS /l
Solids removal

efficiency required Above 95%
Type Centre-fed gravity settling with peripheral overflow weirs
Material of construction Stainless Steel type: 316

Acid/Base/Methanol feed tanks

Material of Construction: PVC

Volume: 200 lit ( Min usable : 100 lit )

Discharge Tank

Material of construction: PVC Volume: 1000 litres

DIRECT MONITORS

pH Analyzer
Measuring range 0-14 pH
Temperature range 50C-500C
Display Resolution 0.1
Dissolved Oxygen (DO) Analyzer
Measuring range 0.1 mg/l – 20 mg/l
Temperature range 50C-500C
Display Resolution 0.2 mg/l
ORP Analyzer
Measuring range + 1500 mV
Temperature range 50C-500C
Accuracy + 2% of full scale
Display Resolution 10 mV

Conductivity Analyzer
Measuring range 0-5000 µS
Temperature range 50C-500C
Accuracy + 2% of full scale
Display Resolution 10 µS

COMMON CHARACTERISTICS OF DIRECT ANALYZERS
All monitoring instruments are hooked up with PLC system.
Probe/sensor &

membrane along with associated accessories Built with special protection into

reactors/clarifiers/discharge tank
Data logging/HMI PLC / HMI based data logging is

carried out which is displayed in

HMI

ON-LINE MONITORS FOR ADVANCED PROCESS AND WASTEWATER QUALITY PARAMETERS
ON-LINE SUSPENDED SOLIDS ANALYSER ( for Monitoring of MLSS)

detection range 1000-10000 mg/l
Accuracy + 10% of Full Scale
Temperature Ambient: 5-500C
Points of measurement Reactors
Measurement interval Based on user-selectable time

ON-LINE AMMONIA ANALYZER

Detection range 10-100 mg/l
Accuracy + 5% of Full Scale
Operation Microprocessor based
Display Digital; PC / HMI based
Ambient

conditions 5-500C

Points of

measurement Discharge tank
Measurement

interval Based on user-selectable time
Connectivity to

PLC system Exists
Calibration Semi-automatic

ON-LINE LOW-LEVEL CYANIDE ANALYZER

Detection range 0.05-10 mg/l
Accuracy + 5% of Full Scale
Operation Microprocessor based
Display Digital; PC / HMI based
Ambient Conditions 5-500C
Points of measurement Discharge level
Measurement

interval/cycle Based on user-selectable time
Connectivity to

PLC/HMI System Exists
Calibration Semi-Automatic

Total Organic Carbon (TOC) ANALYZER

Parameter Total Organic Carbon (TOC)
Type On-line
Detection limit The analyzer is able to detect in the

range of 10 ppm of TOC at lower level and 2000 ppm of TOC at higher level, expandable up to 10000 ppm
Response time 15 mins
PC / HMI

interface Exists

INTEGRATION OF ON-LINE MONITORING INSTRUMENTS

On-line wastewater quality monitoring instruments are in-built with the simulator and are integrated with the central monitoring system / control panel.

DATA ACQUISITION, CONTROL, STORAGE AND RETRIEVAL SYSTEM

This primarily consists of:

i) Data acquisition from analyzer cum controllers of water quality parameters (pH, DO, ORP, Conductivity ),

ii) Storage of data and creation of user interface with controllers for setting of parametric values and storage interval

iii) Management of aeration

iv) Facilities for monitoring and display of data

v) Generation of printed output in tabular and graphical form

The data acquisition and storage system have interface with control system in such a manner that spreadsheet compatible data is generated. All signals from the analyzers cum controllers and control valves are available to the PLC/HMI system and is viewed under GUI as shown in Fig. 2.

APPLICATION

The simulator can be used to :

• Optimize any existing treatment process

• Understand effectiveness of any new treatment regime

• Study efficacy of any existing treatment regime

• Effective compare between various treatment alternatives

• Make adjustments in treatment process for maintaining target water quality.

• Identify theoretical maximum and minimum efficiency level at different operating and process conditions

• Carry out batch studies

• Develop specific culture consortium

• Coupled studies with any alternate treatment regime

• Carry out studies with both actual and synthetic effluent

• Flexibility of various aeration regimes

• Carry out experiment under various process and operating conditions.

In addition to whole system / Design different aspects will be:

-Facility for storage of wastewater for a number of days

-Facility for preparation of simulated wastewater, if required

-Facility for control /maintenance of oxygen level

-Facility for control /maintenance of pH

-Facility for management of aeration

-Facility for varying feed rate

-Facility for varying sludge recycling rate

-Flexibility of creating multiple aeration regimes

-Flexibility of in-process storage of culture even during continuous operation for system maintenance

-Facility for whole system cleaning

-Flexibility of coupled experimentation with physico-chemical wastewater treatment

-Facility for flow buffering in case of flow mismatch between various reactors and clarifiers

-Facility for continuous monitoring of Total Organic Carbon, Cyanide and Ammonia

- Facility for monitoring of key parameters (ORP, conductivity) for study of treated water recyclability

Although the foregoing description of the present invention has been shown and described with reference to particular embodiments and applications thereof, it has been presented for purposes of illustration and description and is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the particular embodiments and applications disclosed. It will be apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art that a number of changes, modifications, variations, or alterations to the invention as described herein may be made, none of which depart from the spirit or scope of the present invention. The particular embodiments and applications were chosen and described to provide the best illustration of the principles of the invention and its practical application to thereby enable one of ordinary skill in the art to utilize the invention in various embodiments and with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. All such changes, modifications, variations, and alterations should therefore be seen as being within the scope of the present invention as determined by the appended claims when interpreted in accordance with the breadth to which they are fairly, legally, and equitably entitled.