Description:
A SILVER NANOPARTICLES OF LIQUORICE ROOT EXTRACT LOADED NANOGEL FOR THE TREATMENT OF MICROBIAL INFECTIONS
FIELD OF DISCLOSURE
[0001] The present disclosure relates generally relates to the field of nanotechnology and biomedical applications. More specifically, it pertains to a silver nanoparticles of liquorice root extract loaded nanogel for the treatment of microbial infections.
BACKGROUND OF THE DISCLOSURE
[0002] Microbial infections, caused by bacteria, fungi, and viruses, represent a significant global health challenge. These infections can lead to a range of diseases, from mild skin conditions to severe systemic infections.
[0003] Traditional antibiotics and antifungal agents, though effective, are increasingly encountering resistance from various microbial strains. This resistance poses a critical need for novel antimicrobial agents and innovative drug delivery systems to enhance the efficacy and safety of treatments.
[0004] Nanotechnology offers a promising avenue for addressing these challenges. Specifically, the use of nanoparticles has garnered considerable attention due to their unique properties, such as high surface area to volume ratio, enhanced permeability, and retention effects. Among these, silver nanoparticles are well-known for their potent antimicrobial activity against a broad spectrum of pathogens, including multidrug-resistant strains.
[0005] In recent years, the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using plant extracts has emerged as a sustainable and eco-friendly approach. One such plant extract is derived from liquorice root (Glycyrrhiza glabra), known for its medicinal properties, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial effects.
[0006] The bioactive compounds in liquorice root extract can act as both reducing and stabilizing agents in the synthesis of silver nanoparticles, leading to the formation of biocompatible and effective antimicrobial agents.
[0007] Silver nanoparticles can exhibit cytotoxic effects on human cells at higher concentrations, potentially leading to skin irritation, allergic reactions, or systemic toxicity if absorbed in significant amounts.
[0008] The bioactive components of liquorice root extract can vary significantly based on geographical origin, cultivation conditions, and extraction methods. This variability can affect the consistency and safety profile of the nanogel formulation.
[0009] The release of silver nanoparticles into the environment during production, usage, or disposal can pose ecological risks, including toxicity to aquatic organisms and disruption of microbial ecosystems.
[0010] Although green synthesis using plant extracts is more sustainable than chemical methods, large-scale production may still have environmental impacts due to the extensive use of plant resources.
[0011] Silver nanoparticles tend to aggregate over time, which can reduce their antimicrobial efficacy and stability. Ensuring long-term stability in the nanogel matrix can be challenging.
[0012] The bioactive components of liquorice root extract may degrade over time, leading to reduced effectiveness of the formulation.
[0013] The synthesis and formulation of silver nanoparticles and their incorporation into nanogels can be costly, potentially making the end product expensive for widespread use.
[0014] Transitioning from laboratory-scale synthesis to large-scale production may present technical and economic challenges, including maintaining consistency and quality control.
[0015] Obtaining regulatory approval for new nanomaterial-based therapeutics can be time-consuming and complex. Extensive testing is required to demonstrate safety and efficacy, which can delay market entry.
[0016] Public perception and acceptance of nanotechnology in medical applications can be mixed, potentially impacting the adoption of silver nanoparticle-based treatments.
[0017] Overuse or misuse of silver nanoparticles could lead to the development of microbial resistance, similar to antibiotic resistance, potentially reducing their long-term effectiveness.
[0018] The formulation of silver nanoparticles using liquorice root extract and their incorporation into nanogels requires specialized knowledge and technical expertise, limiting accessibility for some manufacturers.
[0019] Ensuring consistent quality and reproducibility of the nanogel formulation can be challenging due to the complexity of the synthesis and formulation processes.
[0020] While in vitro and preliminary in vivo studies may show promising results, comprehensive clinical trials are necessary to establish the safety and efficacy of the formulation in humans. Limited clinical data may hinder acceptance and utilization in medical practice.
[0021] Thus, in light of the above-stated discussion, there exists a need for a silver nanoparticles of liquorice root extract loaded nanogel for the treatment of microbial infections.
SUMMARY OF THE DISCLOSURE
[0022] The following is a summary description of illustrative embodiments of the invention. It is provided as a preface to assist those skilled in the art to more rapidly assimilate the detailed design discussion which ensues and is not intended in any way to limit the scope of the claims which are appended hereto in order to particularly point out the invention.
[0023] According to illustrative embodiments, the present disclosure focuses on a silver nanoparticles of liquorice root extract loaded nanogel for the treatment of microbial infections which overcomes the above-mentioned disadvantages or provide the users with a useful or commercial choice.
[0024] An objective of the present disclosure is to develop a green synthesis method using liquorice root extract for the preparation of silver nanoparticles, ensuring biocompatibility and sustainability.
[0025] Another objective of the present disclosure is to characterize the synthesized silver nanoparticles using techniques such as UV-V is spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) to determine their size, shape, and crystalline nature.
[0026] Another objective of the present disclosure is to incorporate the silver nanoparticles into a nanogel matrix, optimizing the formulation for stability, uniformity, and appropriate viscosity for topical application.
[0027] Another objective of the present disclosure is to assess the antimicrobial efficacy of the silver nanoparticles-loaded nanogel against a range of microbial strains, including bacteria, fungi, and multidrug-resistant pathogens.
[0028] Another objective of the present disclosure is to investigate the release profile of silver nanoparticles from the nanogel to ensure controlled and sustained release at the site of infection.
[0029] Another objective of the present disclosure is to conduct cytotoxicity studies to evaluate the biocompatibility of the nanogel formulation with human skin cells, ensuring safety for topical application.
[0030] Another objective of the present disclosure is to determine the optimal concentration of silver nanoparticles within the nanogel to achieve maximum antimicrobial effect with minimal cytotoxicity.
[0031] Another objective of the present disclosure is to evaluate the physical and chemical stability of the nanogel formulation under various storage conditions to ensure a long shelf life.
[0032] Another objective of the present disclosure is to perform in vivo studies to test the efficacy and safety of the nanogel in animal models with microbial infections, assessing parameters such as healing time, reduction in microbial load, and any adverse effects.
[0033] Yet another objective of the present disclosure is to compile comprehensive data from in vitro and in vivo studies to support the potential for clinical trials, aiming to bring the nanogel formulation closer to clinical use for treating microbial infections.
[0034] In light of the above, a silver nanoparticles of liquorice root extract loaded nanogel for the treatment of microbial infections comprises preparing a liquorice root extract solution. The method includes preparing an aqueous AgNO3 solution in concentration. The method also includes mixing the liquorice root extract solution with the aqueous AgNO3 solution at room temperature and stirring to initiate biosynthesis of AgNPs. The method also includes allowing reduction to proceed slowly within a specified temperature, resulting in a colloidal solution of AgNPs. The method also includes stabilizing the biomolecules capped AgNPs to achieve a stable reddish-brown colour in the solution. The method also includes adding Tween 20 to the solution, followed by centrifugation to isolate the AgNP pellets. The method also includes washing the pellets with D.M. water and lyophilizing them for characterization and formulation development.
[0035] In one embodiment, the liquorice root extract solution is prepared by extracting liquorice root in a suitable solvent.
[0036] In one embodiment, the mixing of the liquorice root extract solution with the aqueous AgNO3 solution is performed in ratios optimized for biosynthesis of AgNPs.
[0037] In one embodiment, the stabilization of biomolecules capped AgNPs is achieved through natural biomolecular interactions present in the liquorice root extract.
[0038] In one embodiment, the stable reddish-brown colour of the colloidal solution indicates successful stabilization of the AgNPs.
[0039] In one embodiment, Tween 20 is added to enhance the stability and dispersibility of the AgNPs in the solution.
[0040] In one embodiment, washing of the AgNP pellets with D.M. water is carried out to remove residual impurities and surfactants.
[0041] In one embodiment, lyophilization of the AgNP pellets is conducted to obtain a dried form suitable for further characterization and formulation.
[0042] In one embodiment, the method further comprising characterizing the synthesized AgNPs using UV-visible spectroscopy to confirm their optical properties.
[0043] In one embodiment, the method further comprising characterizing the synthesized AgNPs using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) to visualize their morphology.
[0044] These and other advantages will be apparent from the present application of the embodiments described herein.
[0045] The preceding is a simplified summary to provide an understanding of some embodiments of the present invention. This summary is neither an extensive nor exhaustive overview of the present invention and its various embodiments. The summary presents selected concepts of the embodiments of the present invention in a simplified form as an introduction to the more detailed description presented below. As will be appreciated, other embodiments of the present invention are possible utilizing, alone or in combination, one or more of the features set forth above or described in detail below.
[0046] These elements, together with the other aspects of the present disclosure and various features are pointed out with particularity in the claims annexed hereto and form a part of the present disclosure. For a better understanding of the present disclosure, its operating advantages, and the specified object attained by its uses, reference should be made to the accompanying drawings and descriptive matter in which there are illustrated exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0047] To describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present disclosure or in the prior art more clearly, the following briefly describes the accompanying drawings required for describing the embodiments or the prior art. Apparently, the accompanying drawings in the following description merely show some embodiments of the present disclosure, and a person of ordinary skill in the art can derive other implementations from these accompanying drawings without creative efforts. All of the embodiments or the implementations shall fall within the protection scope of the present disclosure.
[0048] The advantages and features of the present disclosure will become better understood with reference to the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawing, in which:
[0049] FIG. 1 illustrates a flowchart outlining sequential step involved in a silver nanoparticles of liquorice root extract loaded nanogel for the treatment of microbial infections, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0050] Like reference, numerals refer to like parts throughout the description of several views of the drawing.
[0051] The silver nanoparticles of liquorice root extract loaded nanogel for the treatment of microbial infections, which like reference letters indicate corresponding parts in the various figures. It should be noted that the accompanying figure is intended to present illustrations of exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure. This figure is not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure. It should also be noted that the accompanying figure is not necessarily drawn to scale.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DISCLOSURE
[0052] The following is a detailed description of embodiments of the disclosure depicted in the accompanying drawings. The embodiments are in such detail as to communicate the disclosure. However, the amount of detail offered is not intended to limit the anticipated variations of embodiments; on the contrary, the intention is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the present disclosure.
[0053] In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments of the present disclosure. It may be apparent to one skilled in the art that embodiments of the present disclosure may be practiced without some of these specific details.
[0054] Various terms as used herein are shown below. To the extent a term is used, it should be given the broadest definition persons in the pertinent art have given that term as reflected in printed publications and issued patents at the time of filing.
[0055] The terms “a” and “an” herein do not denote a limitation of quantity, but rather denote the presence of at least one of the referenced items.
[0056] The terms “having”, “comprising”, “including”, and variations thereof signify the presence of a component.
[0057] Referring now to FIG. 1 to describe various exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure. FIG. 1 illustrates a flowchart outlining sequential step involved in a silver nanoparticles of liquorice root extract loaded nanogel for the treatment of microbial infections, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0058] A silver nanoparticles of liquorice root extract loaded nanogel for the treatment of microbial infections 100 comprises preparing a liquorice root extract solution 102. The liquorice root extract solution is prepared by extracting liquorice root in a suitable solvent.
[0059] The method includes preparing an aqueous AgNO3 solution in concentration 104.
[0060] The method also includes mixing the liquorice root extract solution with the aqueous AgNO3 solution at room temperature and stirring to initiate biosynthesis of AgNPs 106. The mixing of the liquorice root extract solution with the aqueous AgNO3 solution is performed in ratios optimized for biosynthesis of AgNPs.
[0061] The method also includes allowing reduction to proceed slowly within a specified temperature, resulting in a colloidal solution of AgNPs 108.
[0062] The method also includes stabilizing the biomolecules capped AgNPs to achieve a stable reddish-brown colour in the solution 110. The stabilization of biomolecules capped AgNPs is achieved through natural biomolecular interactions present in the liquorice root extract. The stable reddish-brown colour of the colloidal solution indicates successful stabilization of the AgNPs.
[0063] The method also includes adding Tween 20 to the solution, followed by centrifugation to isolate the AgNP pellets 112. Tween 20 is added to enhance the stability and dispersibility of the AgNPs in the solution.
[0064] The method also includes washing the pellets with D.M. water and lyophilizing them for characterization and formulation development 114. Washing of the AgNP pellets with D.M. water is carried out to remove residual impurities and surfactants. Lyophilization of the AgNP pellets is conducted to obtain a dried form suitable for further characterization and formulation.
[0065] The method also includes characterizing the synthesized AgNPs using UV-visible spectroscopy to confirm their optical properties.
[0066] The method also includes characterizing the synthesized AgNPs using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) to visualize their morphology.
[0067] FIG. 1 illustrates a flowchart outlining sequential step involved in a silver nanoparticles of liquorice root extract loaded nanogel for the treatment of microbial infections.
[0068] At 102, preparing a silver nanoparticles of liquorice root extract loaded nanogel for the treatment of microbial infections begins with the preparation of liquorice root extract solution. It involves extracting the necessary biomolecules from liquorice root.
[0069] At 104, an aqueous solution of silver nitrate (AgNO3) is prepared with varying concentrations, typically ranging between 25 mM to 75 mm. This solution serves as the precursor for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs).
[0070] At 106, marks the commencement of biosynthesis, where 25 ml of the liquorice root extract solution is mixed with 450 ml of the prepared AgNO3 solution. This mixture is stirred at room temperature to initiate the reduction process, which results in the formation of AgNPs encapsulated with biomolecules from the liquorice extract.
[0071] At 108, the reduction process is allowed to proceed slowly over a specified period (typically 5 to 15 hours) and within a controlled temperature range (40°C to 60°C). This controlled environment facilitates the formation of a colloidal solution of AgNPs, characterized by its colour change to stable reddish-brown.
[0072] At 112, to stabilize and further process the AgNPs, Tween 20, a non-ionic surfactant, is added to the colloidal solution. This step is crucial for ensuring the stability and dispersion of AgNPs. Subsequently, the solution undergoes centrifugation at high speed (12000 rpm) to separate and isolate the AgNP pellets from the solution.
[0073] At 114, after centrifugation, involves washing the obtained pellets thoroughly with deionized water (D.M. water) to remove any residual impurities or surfactants. Following this, the pellets are subjected to lyophilization (freeze-drying) for characterization and formulation development. Lyophilization helps preserve the structural integrity and bioactivity of the AgNPs within the nanogel formulation.
[0074] A silver nanoparticles of liquorice root extract loaded nanogel for the treatment of microbial infections comprises several steps. Initially, a liquorice root extract solution is prepared, followed by the preparation of an aqueous AgNO3 solution in the desired concentration. The liquorice root extract solution is then mixed with the aqueous AgNO3 solution at room temperature and stirred to initiate the biosynthesis of AgNPs. The reduction process is allowed to proceed slowly within a specified temperature, resulting in a colloidal solution of AgNPs. The biomolecules capped AgNPs are stabilized to achieve a stable reddish-brown color in the solution. Tween 20 is added to the solution, which is then centrifuged to isolate the AgNP pellets. These pellets are washed with D.M. water and lyophilized for characterization and formulation development.
[0075] The method specifies that the liquorice root extract solution is prepared by extracting liquorice root in a suitable solvent. The mixing of the liquorice root extract solution with the aqueous AgNO3 solution is performed in ratios optimized for the biosynthesis of AgNPs. Stabilization of the biomolecules capped AgNPs is achieved through natural biomolecular interactions present in the liquorice root extract, and the stable reddish-brown color of the colloidal solution indicates successful stabilization of the AgNPs. Tween 20 is added to enhance the stability and dispersibility of the AgNPs in the solution. Washing of the AgNP pellets with D.M. water is carried out to remove residual impurities and surfactants, and lyophilization of the AgNP pellets is conducted to obtain a dried form suitable for further characterization and formulation. The synthesized AgNPs are characterized using UV-visible spectroscopy to confirm their optical properties and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) to visualize their morphology.
[0076] While the invention has been described in connection with what is presently considered to be the most practical and various embodiments, it will be understood that the invention is not to be limited to the disclosed embodiments, but on the contrary, is intended to cover various modifications and equivalent arrangements included within the scope of the appended claims.
[0077] A person of ordinary skill in the art may be aware that, in combination with the examples described in the embodiments disclosed in this specification, units and algorithm steps may be implemented by electronic hardware, computer software, or a combination thereof.
[0078] The foregoing descriptions of specific embodiments of the present disclosure have been presented for purposes of illustration and description. They are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the present disclosure to the precise forms disclosed, and many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The embodiments were chosen and described to best explain the principles of the present disclosure and its practical application, and to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best utilize the present disclosure and various embodiments with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. It is understood that various omissions and substitutions of equivalents are contemplated as circumstances may suggest or render expedient, but such omissions and substitutions are intended to cover the application or implementation without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.
[0079] Disjunctive language such as the phrase “at least one of X, Y, Z,” unless specifically stated otherwise, is otherwise understood with the context as used in general to present that an item, term, etc., may be either X, Y, or Z, or any combination thereof (e.g., X, Y, and/or Z). Thus, such disjunctive language is not generally intended to, and should not, imply that certain embodiments require at least one of X, at least one of Y, or at least one of Z to each be present.
[0080] In a case that no conflict occurs, the embodiments in the present disclosure and the features in the embodiments may be mutually combined. The foregoing descriptions are merely specific implementations of the present disclosure, but are not intended to limit the protection scope of the present disclosure. Any variation or replacement readily figured out by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present disclosure shall fall within the protection scope of the present disclosure. Therefore, the protection scope of the present disclosure shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
, Claims:I/We Claim:
1. A silver nanoparticles of liquorice root extract loaded nanogel for the treatment of microbial infections (100) comprising:
preparing a liquorice root extract solution (102);
preparing an aqueous AgNO3 solution in concentration (104);
mixing the liquorice root extract solution with the aqueous AgNO3 solution at room temperature and stirring to initiate biosynthesis of AgNPs (106);
allowing reduction to proceed slowly within a specified temperature, resulting in a colloidal solution of AgNPs (108);
stabilizing the biomolecules capped AgNPs to achieve a stable reddish-brown colour in the solution (110);
adding Tween 20 to the solution, followed by centrifugation to isolate the AgNP pellets (112);
washing the pellets with D.M. water and lyophilizing them for characterization and formulation development (114).
2. The method (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the liquorice root extract solution is prepared by extracting liquorice root in a suitable solvent.
3. The method (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mixing of the liquorice root extract solution with the aqueous AgNO3 solution is performed in ratios optimized for biosynthesis of AgNPs.
4. The method (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the stabilization of biomolecules capped AgNPs is achieved through natural biomolecular interactions present in the liquorice root extract.
5. The method (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the stable reddish-brown colour of the colloidal solution indicates successful stabilization of the AgNPs.
6. The method (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein Tween 20 is added to enhance the stability and dispersibility of the AgNPs in the solution.
7. The method (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein washing of the AgNP pellets with D.M. water is carried out to remove residual impurities and surfactants.
8. The method (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein lyophilization of the AgNP pellets is conducted to obtain a dried form suitable for further characterization and formulation.
9. The method (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method further comprising characterizing the synthesized AgNPs using UV-visible spectroscopy to confirm their optical properties.
10. The method (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method further comprising characterizing the synthesized AgNPs using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) to visualize their morphology.