FORM 2
THE PATENTS ACT, 1970
(39 of 1970) As amended by the Patents (Amendment) Act, 2005
AND
The Patents Rules, 2003
As amended by the Patents (Amendment) Rules, 2005
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
(See section 10 and rule 13)
TITLE OF THE INVENTION
A smart home circuit breaker system.
APPLICANTS :
Crompton Greaves Limited, CG House, Dr Annie Besant Road, Worli, Mumbai 400 030, Maharashtra, India, an Indian Company
INVENTOR (S):
Namjoshi Yogendra of Crompton Greaves Ltd, CG Global R&D Center, Crompton Greaves Limited, Kanjur Marg (E), Mumbai 400 042, Maharashtra, India; an Indian National.
PREAMBLE TO THE DESCRIPTION:
The following specification particularly describes the nature of this invention and the manner in which it is to be performed:

FIELD OF THE INVENTION:
This invention relates to the field of electrical and electronic equipment.
Particularly, this invention relates to the field of switchgear equipment and controllers, thereof.
More particularly, this invention relates to the field of circuit breakers, its controllers, and associated devices, thereof.
Specifically, this invention relates to a smart home circuit breaker system.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION:
The term switchgear, used in association with the electric power system, or substation or power grid, or power distribution systems, refers to the combination of electrical disconnects, fuses and/or circuit breakers used to isolate electrical equipment. Switchgear is used both to de-energize equipment to allow work to be done and to clear faults downstream. Switchgear are also typically employed to protect the associated system against abnormal conditions, such as power line fault conditions or irregular loading conditions or transients. This type of equipment is important because it is directly linked to the reliability of the electricity supply and the electrical load.
Different types of switchgear exist for different applications. A fault interrupter is one type of switchgear. Fault interrupters are employed to automatically open a power line upon the detection of a fault condition.
Circuit breakers are one type of switchgear component. A circuit breaker is an

automatically operated electrical switch designed to protect an electrical circuit from damage caused by overload or short circuit. Its basic function is to interrupt continuity upon detection of a fault condition to immediately discontinue electrical flow. The circuit breaker must react to fault condition; in low-voltage circuit breakers this is usually done within the breaker enclosure. Circuit breakers for large currents or high voltages are usually arranged with pilot devices to sense a fault current and to operate the trip opening mechanism. The trip coil that releases the latch is usually energized by a separate battery, although some high-voltage circuit breakers are self-contained with current transformers, protection relays, and an internal control power source.
Once a fault is detected, contacts within the circuit breaker must open to interrupt the circuit; some mechanically-stored energy (using something such as springs or compressed air) contained within the breaker is used to separate the contacts. Small circuit breakers may be manually operated; larger units have coils to trip the mechanism, and electric motors to restore energy to the springs.
To switch on/off current in electrical systems, a set of contacts may be used. The contacts may be either in an open position, resulting in the stopping of current flow, or in a closed position that allows current flow. The circuit breaker contacts must carry the load current without excessive heating, and must also withstand the heat of the arc produced when interrupting (opening) the circuit. Contacts are made of copper or copper alloys, silver alloys, and other highly conductive materials.
A trip coil is a type of solenoid in which the moving armature opens a circuit breaker or other protective device when the coil current exceeds a predetermined value. A closing coil is adapted to shut the circuit breaker completely.

In its working mode, if a power surge occurs in the electrical system, the breaker will trip. This means that a breaker that was in the "on" position will flip to the "off position and shut down the electrical power leading from that breaker. Essentially, a circuit breaker is a safety device. When a circuit breaker is tripped, it may prevent a fire from starting on an overloaded circuit; it can also prevent the destruction of the device that is drawing the electricity.
For circuit breaker operation controllers, are used for their actuation. These controllers may include point-on -wave switching mechanisms. The aim of point-on-wave switching is to minimize switching transients, over-voltages and current surges, thereby reducing the stress on equipment insulation. To achieve this, it requires a control device that receives a random command for circuit breaker operation, and synchronizes it with a reference signal, such that the circuit breaker operates at a specified point-on-wave (POW). This is achieved with the help of an electronic device i.e. controller along with circuit breaker.
The point-on-wave switching is also called as controlled switching or synchronous switching.
3-phase circuit breakers are used in industrial applications.
1-phase circuit breakers are used in home applications.
The circuit breaker is an absolutely essential device in the modern world, and one of the most important safety mechanisms in a home. Whenever electrical wiring in a building has too much current flowing through it, these simple machines cut the power until somebody can fix the problem. Without circuit breakers (or the

alternative, fuses), household electricity would be impractical because of the potential for fires and other mayhem resulting from simple wiring problems and equipment failures.
Home Circuit Breakers are simply random switching or zero crossing based switching devices. According to prior art systems, loads may be unwarranted on undetermined in terms of their lead or lag characteristics. Hence, switching randomly might generate problems with sensitive household loads. There are SMPS loads which have increased in the home that might give capacitive and variable load. Hence, surges might be generated if nature of load is not considered. The loads may be capacitive or inductive in nature along with the above-mentioned SMPS loads.
Therefore, there is a need for a smart circuit breaker which intelligently controls circuit breaking operations.
OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION:
An object of the invention is to achieve controlled switching of a home circuit breaker.
Another object of the invention is to achieve controlled switching of a single phase circuit breaker.
Yet another object of the invention is to provide a circuit breaker which recognizes capacitive or inductive loads along with SMPS loads.
Still another object of the invention is to intelligently achieve controlled switching

of a home circuit breaker.
An additional object of the invention is to intelligently achieve controlled switching of a single phase circuit breaker.
Yet an additional object of the invention is to provide a home circuit breaker wherein no configuration is required.
Still an additional object of the invention is to provide a home circuit breaker wherein there are relatively low stresses on load.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION:
According to this invention, there is provided a smart home circuit breaker system which comprises:
a) current input means adapted to input current, between line and earth, of a predetermined strength value through electrical supply of circuits in order to assess the loads in a defined electrical circuit system;
b) load monitoring means adapted to monitor parameters of a load based on said input current; and
c) point-on-wave switching module adapted to determine point-on-wave switching parameters for said electrical supply in relation to determined load parameters and previous load conditions.
Typically, said system includes storage means adapted to store load parameters in relation to data from said load monitoring means, said load parameters being fed to said point point-on-wave switching module.

Typically, said current input means includes means to input current of a relatively small current ampere value, enough to assess the loads.
Typically, said load monitoring means includes inductive load monitoring means in order to sense inductive loads and its pre-defined parameters.
Typically, said load monitoring means includes capacitive load monitoring means in order to sense capacitive loads and its pre-defined parameters.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE ACCOMPANYING DRAWINGS:
Figure 1 illustrates a schematic of an exemplary home switch-circuit-appliance system.
The invention will now be described in relation to the accompanying drawings, in which:
Figure 2 illustrates a schematic of an exemplary home switch-circuit-appliance system along with a smart home circuit breaker; and
Figure 3 illustrates a schematic block diagram for the smart home circuit breaker.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE ACCOMPANYING DRAWINGS:
Figure 1 illustrates a schematic of an exemplary home switch-circuit-appliance
system.
The plurality of switches are denoted by reference numerals 'S/Wl, SAV2, S/W3, S/Wn'. The appliance driven by these switches are depicted as reference numeral

12 for a PC, 14 for a TV, 16 for a fan, 18 form an air-conditioning system, and 15 for other such general exemplary appliances. A Main Circuit Breaker (MCB) is the master circuit breaker which connects to each of the switches.
According to this invention, there is provided a smart home circuit breaker system.
Figure 2 illustrates a schematic of an exemplary home switch-circuit-appliance system along with a smart home circuit breaker.
Similar to Figure, 1, the plurality of switches are denoted by reference numerals 'S/Wl, S/W2, S/W3, S/Wn\ The appliance driven by these switches are depicted as reference numeral 12 for a PC, 14 for a TV, 16 for a fan, 18 form an air-conditioning system, and 15 for other such general exemplary appliances. A Main Circuit Breaker (MCB) is the master circuit breaker which connects to each of the switches.
A smart home circuit breaker, in accordance with this invention, is denoted by reference numeral 'SCKB'.
Figure 3 illustrates a schematic block diagram for the smart home circuit breaker (SKCB) of this invention.
In accordance with an embodiment of this invention, there is provided a current input means (CIP) adapted to input current, between line and earth, of a predetermined strength value through the electrical supply of home circuits in order to assess the loads in a defined home electrical circuit system. Typically, the predetermined strength is a relatively small current ampere value, enough to assess the loads.

In accordance with another embodiment of this invention, there is provided a load monitoring means (LMM) adapted to monitor parameters of a load based on input current. The load may be inductive load or capacitive load. And hence, the power factor and compensation will be in accordance with the determination of the load type. The load monitoring means further includes an inductive load monitoring means in order to sense inductive loads and its pre-defined parameters. The load monitoring still further includes a capacitive load monitoring means in order to sense capacitive loads and its pre-defined parameters.
In accordance with yet another embodiment of this invention, there is provided a point-on-wave switching module (PSM) adapted to determine point-on-wave switching parameters for a given electrical supply in relation to determined loads and previous load conditions. This provides a correct and intelligent switching of circuit breaker in relation to loads in a given house.
In accordance with still another embodiment of this invention, there is provided a storage means (ST) adapted to store load parameters in relation to data from said load monitoring means. These load parameters are fed to the point point-on-wave switching module and the circuit breaker intelligently detects load condition and switches on a particular point on the power supply sine wave so as to minimize stresses on the determined load.
The following advantages can be cited by the use of this invention:
1. Low stress on load.
2. No configuration required.
3. Better life of appliances.
4. Small size.

5. Easy to use,
6. Low Cost.
While this detailed description has disclosed certain specific embodiments of the present invention for illustrative purposes, various modifications will be apparent to those skilled in the art which do not constitute departures from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the following claims, and it is to be distinctly understood that the foregoing descriptive matter is to be interpreted merely as illustrative of the invention and not as a limitation.

We claim,
1. A smart home circuit breaker system comprising:
a) current input means adapted to input current, between line and earth, of a pre-determined strength value through electrical supply of circuits in order to assess the loads in a defined electrical circuit system;
b) load monitoring means adapted to monitor parameters of a load based on said input current; and
c) point-on-wave switching module adapted to determine point-on-wave switching parameters for said electrical supply in relation to determined load parameters and previous load conditions.

2. A system as claimed in claim 1 wherein, said system includes storage means adapted to store load parameters in relation to data from said load monitoring means, said load parameters being fed to said point point-on-wave switching module.
3. A system as claimed in claim 1 wherein, said current input means includes means to input current of a relatively small current ampere value, enough to assess the loads.
4. A system as claimed in claim 1 wherein, said load monitoring means includes inductive load monitoring means in order to sense inductive loads and its pre-defined parameters.

5. A system as claimed in claim 1 wherein, said load monitoring means includes capacitive load monitoring means in order to sense capacitive loads and its pre-defined parameters.