The present disclosure relates to a spark plug assembly present in a vehicle. In particular, the present subject matter relates to the spark plug embedded with a rotational assembly where a ground electrode in the spark plug is made to rotate with respect to a center electrode.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] Typically, a spark plug is present at the top of an internal combustion engine cylinder of a vehicle and generates spark at a required time to ignite a combustible air-fuel mixture. As shown in FIG. 1A, the spark plug (100) mainly comprises of two electrodes, namely a center electrode (102) and a ground electrode (104). The center electrode (102) is located along a central axis of the spark plug (100) and is responsible for carrying high tension current. The ground electrode (104) present below the center electrode (102), is welded to the spark plug (100) and thus gets grounded with the other end being attached to cylinder head of the engine. During ignition of the vehicle, i.e. when the engine starts its operation, a high tension current flows through the center electrode (102) thereby ionizing the gas in an electrode gap present between the ground electrode (104) and the center electrode (102) thereby producing a spark. The spark produced further ignites an air-fuel mixture resulting into combustion.
[0003] In detail, as shown in FIG. IB, a piston (106) present below the spark plug (100) in the internal combustion engine first traverses in a downward direction drawing in air-fuel mixture in the void created between the spark plug (100) and the piston (106). The piston (106) approaches towards the spark plug

(100) compressing the air-fuel mixture drawn in between and on reaching the highest level of compression, the spark plug (100) produces a spark thereby igniting the air-fuel mixture. After that the piston (106) is pushed back to provide power to the vehicle and then again comes forward towards the spark plug (100) in order to allow exit of the ignited air-fuel mixture through an exhaust. In this way, back and forth movement of the piston (106) causes air-fuel mixture to interact with the spark plug (100). The resulting interaction of air-fuel mixture with the spark generated by the spark plug (100) is required for ignition of the air-fuel mixture in an engine of the vehicle.
[0004] Now, in an existing arrangement, the spark plug (100) is fixed into the cylinder heads of the internal combustion engine through threads machined in the cylinder head and the spark plug (100). Also, as the spark plug (100) is having a fixed construction of electrodes (102, 104), the resulting spark is oriented in a specific direction. Consequently, due to fixed arrangement of the ground electrode (104) in a conventional spark plug (100), the interaction of the air-fuel mixture with the spark plug (100) is restricted to a specified direction thereby causing an incomplete potential of heat released as a result of combustion. This may increase the emission or hinders interaction of air-fuel mixture with the spark plug. Moreover, the arrangement also compromises with the best utilization of the fuel while the vehicle is in motion.
[0005] In view of the above circumstances, there is a need for design of a spark plug assembly in order to address the technical problem discussed and facilitate independent interaction of air-fuel mixture with the spark plug.
OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION
[0006] It is an object of the present subject matter to overcome the aforementioned and other drawbacks existing in the prior art systems and methods.

[0007] It is a principal object of the present disclosure to improve combustion
of air-fuel mixture required for ignition of an engine in a vehicle. [0008] It is another object of the present subject matter to enable rotation of a
spark plug assembly in order to allow unrestricted flow of air-fuel mixture into
a spark area of the spark plug. [0009] It is yet another object of the present disclosure to propose a mechanism
of movement of a ground electrode with respect to a center electrode present in
the spark plug. [0010] It is yet another object of the present subject matter to propose an
arrangement of the spark plug assembly such that it helps in reducing
environmental pollution. [0011] It is still another object of the present subject matter to propose an
arrangement of the spark plug assembly such that better utilization of fuel is
achieved. [0012] These and other objects and advantages of the present subject matter
will be apparent to a person skilled in the art after consideration of the following
detailed description taking into consideration with accompanied drawings in
which preferred embodiments of the present subject matter are illustrated.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0013] This summary is provided to introduce concepts related to a rotating ground electrode of a spark plug with respect to center electrode based on air-fuel mixture or tumble center of air-fuel mixture. The concepts are further described below in the detailed description. This summary is not intended to identify key features or essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended to be used to limit the scope of the claimed subject matter.

[0014] According to the present disclosure, in an embodiment, there is provided a spark plug for igniting compressed air-fuel mixture by an electric spark in a combustion chamber. The spark plug comprises of a cylindrical center electrode, a rotating element rotatably coupled with outer circumference of a body of the spark plug. The spark plug includes the cylindrical center electrode at lower end where the cylindrical center electrode extends downward from the rotating element. Further, a ground electrode is positioned below the cylindrical center electrode with one end of the ground electrode connected to the rotating element, where the ground electrode is configured to rotate with respect to the cylindrical center electrode and a plurality of flaps positioned tangentially on circumference of the rotating element.
[0015] In an embodiment, the plurality of flaps is configured to rotate the rotating element based on force generated by movement of air-fuel mixture and creation of tumble center.
[0016] In an aspect, the rotating element is coupled with the outer circumference of the cylindrical center electrode by means of a plurality of ball bearings.
[0017] In another embodiment, there is provided a spark plug for igniting compressed air-fuel mixture by an electric spark in a combustion chamber. Herein, the spark plug comprises of a cylindrical center electrode, a rotating element rotatably coupled with outer circumference of the body of the spark plug. The cylindrical center electrode extends downward and there is also provided a ground electrode positioned below the cylindrical center electrode with one end of the ground electrode connected to the rotating element, where the ground electrode is configured to rotate with respect to the center electrode. Additionally, there is provided an electric coil assembly having a plurality of coils positioned in between the outer circumference of the cylindrical center

electrode and inner surface of the rotating element to rotate the rotating element electromechanically.
[0018] In an aspect, the rotating element is rotatably coupled with outer circumference of the body of spark plug by means of a plurality of ball bearing.
[0019] In an aspect, each of the plurality of coils of the electric coil assembly receives switching instructions from an Engine Control Unit (ECU), the ECU generates the switching instructions based on the air-fuel mixture position for each coil from the plurality of coils to rotate the rotating element in any direction.
[0020] In an aspect, the ECU receives Engine Rotation per minute, Engine Load, and Engine rotation per minute variation to generate the switching instructions having signals for current amplitude and direction of current flow in each coil of the electric coil assembly.
[0021] In yet another embodiment, there is provided a spark plug for igniting compressed air-fuel mixture by an electric spark in a combustion chamber. The spark plug comprises a cylindrical center electrode; a rotating element rotatably coupled with outer circumference of the body of the spark plug. Further, the cylindrical center electrode extends downward and a ground electrode positioned below the cylindrical center electrode with one end of the ground electrode connected to the rotating element. The ground electrode is configured to rotate with respect to the cylindrical center electrode, and further there is provided a plurality of flaps positioned tangentially on circumference of the rotating element and an electric coil assembly having a plurality of coils positioned in between the outer circumference of the cylindrical center electrode and inner surface of the rotating element to rotate the rotating element electromechanically.

[0022] In an aspect, the plurality of flaps is configured to rotate the rotating element based on force generated by movement of air-fuel mixture and creation of tumble center. .
[0023] In an aspect, the rotating element rotatably coupled with outer circumference of the body of the spark plug by means of a plurality of ball bearings.
[0024] In an aspect, each of the plurality of coils of the electric coil assembly receives switching instruction from an Engine Control Unit (ECU), the ECU generate switching instructions for each of the coils to rotate the rotating element in one direction.
[0025] In an aspect, the ECU receives Engine Rotation per minute, Engine Load, and Engine rotation per minute variation to generate the switching instructions having signals for current amplitude and direction of current flow in each coil of the electric coil assembly.
[0026] In an aspect, there is provided a method for aligning a ground electrode with respect to a cylindrical center electrode of a spark plug according to air-fuel mixture movement inside a combustion chamber. The ground electrode is connected with a rotating element which is rotatably coupled with outer circumference of a body of the spark plug and has an electric coil assembly in between. The method comprises receiving, by a controller, the air-fuel mixture movement or tumble center inside the combustion chamber, determining, by the controller based on the air-fuel mixture movement, an engine rotation per minute, an engine load and an engine rotation speed variation, generating, by the controller, switching instructions having signals for current amplitude and direction of current flow in each coil of the electric coil assembly based on the determined the engine rotation per minute, the engine load and the engine rotation speed variation, and aligning the ground electrode with the cylindrical center electrode by rotating the rotating element in clockwise direction or in

anti-clockwise direction upon receiving the switching instructions. Herein, each of alternate coil from the plurality of coil pairs has different orientation to rotate the rotating element in clockwise or anti-clockwise direction and the controller is implemented inside an Engine Control Unit.
[0027] To further understand the characteristics and technical contents of the present subject matter, a description relating thereto will be made with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the drawings are illustrative only but not used to limit the scope of the present subject matter.
[0028] Various objects, features, aspects, and advantages of the inventive subject matter will become more apparent from the following detailed description of preferred embodiments, along with the accompanying drawing figures in which numerals represent like components.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE ACCOMPANYING DRAWING(S)
[0029] It is to be noted, however, that the appended drawings illustrate only typical embodiments of the present subject matter and are therefore not to be considered for limiting of its scope, for the invention may admit to other equally effective embodiments. The detailed description is described with reference to the accompanying figures. In the figures, a reference number identifies the figure in which the reference number first appears. The same numbers are used throughout the figures to reference like features and components. Some embodiments of system or methods or structure in accordance with embodiments of the present subject matter are now described, by way of example, and with reference to the accompanying figures, in which
[0030] Figure 1A-1B depicts a conventional arrangement of a spark plug and a piston in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0031] Figure 2A-2B represents an architectural layout of the spark plug and
the mechanism of self-adjustment in accordance with an embodiment of the
present disclosure; [0032] Figure 3 depicts a cross-sectional view of the rotating element of the
spark plug in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure; [0033] Figure 4A-4C represents the mechanism of electromechanical
alignment of the ground electrode in accordance with an embodiment of the
present disclosure; and [0034] Figure 5 illustrates an example method of electromechanical alignment
of the ground electrode in accordance with an embodiment of the present
disclosure.
[0035] The figures depict embodiments of the present subject matter for the purposes of illustration only. A person skilled in the art will easily recognize from the following description that alternative embodiments of the structures and methods illustrated herein may be employed without departing from the principles of the disclosure described herein.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0036] The following is a detailed description of embodiments of the disclosure depicted in the accompanying drawings. The embodiments are in such detail as to clearly communicate the disclosure. However, the amount of detail offered is not intended to limit the anticipated variations of embodiments; on the contrary, the intention is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the present disclosure as defined by the appended claims.

[0037] While the embodiments of the disclosure are subject to various modifications and alternative forms, specific embodiment thereof have been shown by way of example in the figures and will be described below. It should be understood, however, that it is not intended to limit the disclosure to the particular forms disclosed, but on the contrary, the disclosure is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternative falling within the scope of the disclosure.
[0038] The terms "comprises", "comprising", or any other variations thereof used in the disclosure, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a device, system, assembly that comprises a list of components does not include only those components but may include other components not expressly listed or inherent to such system, or assembly, or device. In other words, one or more elements in a system or device proceeded by "comprises... a" does not, without more constraints, preclude the existence of other elements or additional elements in the system or device.
[0039] The present disclosure relates to a spark plug with a rotating assembly. Herein, rotating part of the spark plug allows adjustment of a ground electrode in a direction of flow of an air-fuel mixture inside a cylinder housing the spark plug. This allows direction of the spark to be adjustable resulting into unhindered interaction of the air-fuel mixture with it leading to improvement in combustion and engine output. The rotation of the ground electrode with respect to the center electrode in the spark plug can be achieved either by aerodynamically or by electromechanically or by using both of these principles. The different mechanisms for achieving such adjustments has been discussed in the subsequent sections.

[0040] FIG.2A depicts an arrangement of the spark plug (200) present in a cylinder head of an engine in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. According to FIG.2A, the spark plug (200) comprises of a center electrode (102), cylindrical in nature, a ground electrode (104), and a rotating element (202) resembling shape of a circular disc.
[0041] In an aspect, the rotating element (202) is rotatably coupled with the outer circumference of a body of the spark plug (200). The cylindrical center electrode (102) extend in a downward direction. Further, the ground electrode (104) is positioned below the cylindrical center electrode (102) with one end of the ground electrode (104) being welded to the rotating element (202) thereby grounded with respect to the cylinder head of the engine. In order to achieve adjustment of the spark plug (200), as already mentioned, this ground electrode (104) is configured to rotate with respect to the center electrode (102).
[0042] In an embodiment, in order to achieve the rotation of the ground electrode (104) in the spark plug (200), there is provided a plurality of flap (204) like structures integrated to the outer circumference of the rotating element (202). The plurality of flaps (204) are positioned tangentially along the circumference of the rotating element (202) making an angle of 90 degree to a virtual center line passing through the rotating element (202).
[0043] In an aspect, the plurality of flaps (204) are configured to aerodynamically rotate the rotating element (202) depending on force generated by movement of air-fuel mixture and creation of tumble center. The plurality of flaps (204) are rectangular in nature and their orientation allows an interaction of the air-fuel mixture with the plurality of flaps (204) and accordingly re-orient the ground electrode (104) according to the direction of

flow of air-fuel mixture or tumble center. The respective orientation of the ground electrode (104) with respect to the center electrode (102) in the spark plug (200) are pictorially illustrated in FIG. 2B.
[0044] In an aspect, the aerodynamic alignment of the spark plug (200) with respect to the air-fuel mixture present in the spark plug (200) by means of the plurality of flaps (204) simply takes place according to the movement of the air-fuel mixture without utilizing any additional energy from an external source.
[0045] FIG.3 depicts an exemplary cross-section of the circular disc shaped rotating element (202) and its associated components in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. In an aspect, along with the plurality of flaps (204), there are provided a plurality of ball bearings (208) coupling the rotating element (202) with the outer circumference of the body of the spark plug (200) in order to aid to the rotation of the ground electrode (104) electromechanically. The plurality of ball bearings (208) are present in order to enable smooth rotational movement and for fine tuning the rotational movement of the rotating element (202). Further, the rotating element (202) is equipped with an electric coil assembly.
[0046] In an aspect, the electric coil assembly includes a plurality of coil pairs (206-1, 206-2, 206-3, 206-4) positioned in between the outer circumference of the cylindrical center electrode (102) and inner surface of the rotating element (202) and is responsible for alignment of the spark plug (200) electromechanically.
[0047] The corresponding electromechanical adjustment of the spark plug (200) has been illustrated in the following section.

[0048] FIG.4 illustrates an exemplary block diagram representing rotation of the ground electrode (104) with respect to the cylindrical center electrode (102) in an electromechanical fashion. In another embodiment for establishing an electromechanical alignment, the spark plug (200) comprises of the cylindrical center electrode (102) along with the ground electrode (104) and the rotating element (202). The structural attributes and the location of the cylindrical center electrode (102), the ground electrode (104) and the rotating element (202) are identical in the manner as discussed in FIG.2A and are not iterated here for the sake of brevity. In addition, the spark plug (200) comprises of an electric coil assembly as discussed in FIG. 3.
[0049] Referring to FIG. 4A, each of the plurality of coil pairs (206-1, 206-2, 206-3, 206-4) of the electric coil assembly receives switching instructions from an Engine Control Unit (ECU) (402) and actuates accordingly in a clockwise or in an anti-clockwise direction. The ECU (402) includes a controller (404). The controller (404) is responsible for generation of switching instructions based on the position of the air-fuel mixture for each coil from the plurality of coil pairs (206-1, 206-2, 206-3, 206-4). Consequently, according to the instructions received, the rotating element (202) is rotating in one direction.
[0050] It is to be noted that the ECU (402) may comprise one or more microprocessors, microcomputers, microcontrollers, digital signal processors, central processing units, logic circuitries, sensors, interfaces and/or any devices that manipulate data based on operational instructions. Among other capabilities, the one or more processor(s) are configured to fetch and execute computer-readable instructions stored in the memory of the system. The memory may store one or more computer-readable instructions or routines, which may be fetched and executed. Additionally, the processing devices(s) may be implemented as a combination of hardware and programming (for

example, programmable instructions) to implement one or more functionalities of the processing device(s). In examples described herein, such combinations of hardware and programming may be implemented in several different ways. In one example, the programming for the processing device(s) may be processor executable instructions stored on a non-transitory machine-readable storage medium and the hardware for the processing device(s) may include a processing resource (for example, one or more processors), to execute such instructions. In other examples, the processing devices(s) may be implemented by electronic circuitry.
[0051] In an aspect, the ECU (402) after receiving information regarding various parameters viz., engine rotation per minute (406), engine load (408) and variation of engine rotation per minute (410) from one or sensors and/or interfacing circuits generates switching instructions for alignment and actuation of the plurality of coil pairs (206-1, 206-2, 206-3, 206-4) in a clockwise or in an anti-clockwise direction depending on amplitude and direction of current in the plurality of coil pairs (206-1, 206-2, 206-3, 206-4).
[0052] Referring to FIG. 4B, an exemplary mechanism of switching action upon receipt of instruction from the ECU (402) is illustrated in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. In an aspect, the controller (404) present in the ECU (402) is provided with a comparator (414). The controller may provide a set value and a measured variation of revolutions per minute (rpm) to a first input terminal and a second input terminal of the comparator (414). The comparator (414) calculates difference and actuates a plurality of coil pairs (206-1, 206-2, 206-3, 206-4) present in the rotating element (202) of the spark plug (200). Herein, the plurality of coil pairs (206-1, 206-2, 206-3, 206-4) are actuated in a clockwise or in an anti-clock wise direction based on an output of the comparator (414). The plurality of coil pairs (206-1, 206-2,

206-3, 206-4) move in the clockwise direction when a target value of rpm is less than an actual value of rpm, and move in the anti-clockwise direction when the target value of rpm is greater than the actual value of rpm. The ground electrode (104) is aligned in the clockwise or in the anticlockwise direction based on the clockwise or anti-clockwise movement of the plurality of coil pairs (206-1, 206-2, 206-3, 206-4).
[0053] In an exemplary instance, say in an idle state, the position of the spark plug (200) is aligned in the direction of movement of the air-fuel mixture inside the cylinder. If at a point, say depending on the quality of combustion, an actual rpm value is 50 rpm, whereas the target rpm is 30 rpm, taking feedback from the idle rpm variation, the spark plug (200) is adjusted using the electric coil assembly inside the rotating element (202) of the spark plug (200). In this case, the coils may be switched thereby actuating the ground electrode (104) into clockwise direction from present position. Accordingly, the resultant combustion output is changed and the resulting idle variation is fed back to the comparator (414). Now, if the variation is reduced from an existing value of say 50 rpm and becomes close to the target value, say 30 rpm, the present position of the rotating element (202) is held at the current position.
[0054] Alternatively, say if the allowable variation is less with the actual value being 20 rpm and the target value being 30 rpm, the spark plug (200) is further adjusted using the electric coil assembly. It may be assumed that the switching and actuations of coils is done in order to move the ground electrode (104) into the anti-clockwise direction from present position. Consequently, the resultant combustion output is changed after taking the idle rpm variation as feedback. Again, if the variation is increased from an existing level of 20 rpm to the target of say, 30 rpm, the present position of the rotating element (202) and the ground electrode (104) is held at current position.

[0055] Therefore, it is further stressed that coil pairs (206-1, 206-3) and coil pairs (206-2, 206-4) of the plurality of coil pairs (206-1, 206-2, 206-3, 206-4) switches accordingly and generate electric current depending on requirement of clockwise or anticlockwise movement (shown in FIG. 4C). The direction of actuation and the corresponding switching may be vice versa as well.
[0056] FIG. 5 illustrates an example method implemented for rotating the ground electrode (104) of the spark plug (200) with respect to the center electrode (102) electromechanically. The order in which the method (500) is described is not intended to be construed as a limitation, and any number of the described method blocks may be combined in any order to implement the method (500), or an alternative method. Furthermore, method (500) may be implemented by processing device(s) or computing device(s) through any suitable hardware.
[0057] At block (502), the method includes receiving, by a controller (404), the air-fuel mixture movement or tumble center inside the combustion chamber.
[0058] At block (504), the method includes determining, by the controller (404) based on the air-fuel mixture movement, an engine rotation per minute (406), an engine load (408) and an engine rotation speed variation (410) obtained by means of sensors and interfacing devices present in the ECU (402).
[0059] At block (506), the method includes generating, by the controller (404), switching instructions having signals for current amplitude and direction of current flow in each coil (412) of the plurality of coil pairs (206-1, 206-2, 206-3, 206-4) in the electric coil assembly based on the determined the engine rotation per minute (406), the engine load (408) and the engine rotation speed variation (410).

[0060] At block (508), the method includes aligning the ground electrode (104) with the cylindrical center electrode (102) by rotating the rotating element (202) in clockwise direction or in anti-clockwise direction upon receiving the switching instructions from the controller (404) in the ECU (402).
[0061] At block (510), the method includes rotating a ground electrode (104) in the spark plug (200) in the clockwise or in the anticlockwise direction based on movement actuated by the plurality of coil pairs (206-1, 206-2, 206-3, 206-4). Herein, the plurality of coil pairs (206-1, 206-2, 206-3, 206-4) are actuated in clockwise or in anticlockwise direction, respectively, through a switching mechanism.
[0062] In this context, the present subject matter discloses yet another embodiment where the spark plug (200) is equipped with both the plurality of flaps (204) and the electric coil assembly comprising of a plurality of coil pairs (206-1, 206-2, 206-3, 206-4) in order to enable rotation of the ground electrode (104) with respect to the center electrode (102) both aerodynamically and electromechanically. The structural and functional attributes can be comprehended from the above mentioned sections with reference to FIG. 2 to FIG. 5 and are not iterated here for the sake of brevity.
[0063] Advantages of the invention
All in all, the invention described in the present disclosure is having the
following advantages:
a) Better utilization of fuel than the conventional method
b) Reduced air pollution than the conventional method
c) Improved combustion and engine output
d) Aerodynamical and electromechanical alignment of ground electrode is possible with respect to the center electrode

[0064] It should be noted that the description and figures merely illustrate the principles of the present subject matter. It should be appreciated by those skilled in the art that conception and specific embodiment disclosed may be readily utilized as a basis for modifying or designing other structures for carrying out the same purposes of the present subject matter. It should also be appreciated by those skilled in the art that by devising various systems that, although not explicitly described or shown herein, embody the principles of the present subject matter and are included within its spirit and scope. Furthermore, all examples recited herein are principally intended expressly to be for pedagogical purposes to aid the reader in understanding the principles of the present subject matter and the concepts contributed by the inventor(s) to furthering the art and are to be construed as being without limitation to such specifically recited examples and conditions. The novel features which are believed to be characteristic of the present subject matter, both as to its organization and method of operation, together with further objects and advantages will be better understood from the following description when considered in connection with the accompanying figures.
[0065] Although embodiments for the present subject matter have been described in language specific to package features, it is to be understood that the present subject matter is not necessarily limited to the specific features described. Rather, the specific features and methods are disclosed as embodiments for the present subject matter. Numerous modifications and adaptations of the system/device of the present invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and thus it is intended by the appended claims to cover all such modifications and adaptations which fall within the scope of the present subject matter.

[0066] It will be understood by those within the art that, in general, terms used herein, and especially in the appended claims (e.g., bodies of the appended claims) are generally intended as "open" terms (e.g., the term "including" should be interpreted as "including but not limited to," the term "having" should be interpreted as "having at least," the term "includes" should be interpreted as "includes but is not limited to," etc.). It will be further understood by those within the art that if a specific number of an introduced claim recitation is intended, such an intent will be explicitly recited in the claim, and in the absence of such recitation no such intent is present. For example, as an aid to understanding, the following appended claims may contain usage of the introductory phrases "at least one" and "one or more" to introduce claim recitations. However, the use of such phrases should not be construed to imply that the introduction of a claim recitation by the indefinite articles "a" or "an" limits any particular claim containing such introduced claim recitation to inventions containing only one such recitation, even when the same claim includes the introductory phrases "one or more" or "at least one" and indefinite articles such as "a" or "an" (e.g., "a" and/or "an" should typically be interpreted to mean "at least one" or "one or more"); the same holds true for the use of definite articles used to introduce claim recitations. In addition, even if a specific number of an introduced claim recitation is explicitly recited, those skilled in the art will recognize that such recitation should typically be interpreted to mean at least the recited number (e.g., the bare recitation of "two recitations," without other modifiers, typically means at least two recitations, or two or more recitations). Furthermore, in those instances where a convention analogous to "at least one of A, B, and C, etc." is used, in general such a construction is intended in the sense one having skill in the art would understand the convention (e.g., "a system having at least one of A, B, and C" would include but not be limited to systems that have A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B together, A and C together, B and C together, and/or A, B, and C

together, etc.). In those instances where a convention analogous to "at least one of A, B, or C, etc." is used, in general such a construction is intended in the sense one having skill in the art would understand the convention (e.g., "a system having at least one of A, B, or C" would include but not be limited to systems that have A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B together, A and C together, B and C together, and/or A, B, and C together, etc.). It will be further understood by those within the art that virtually any disjunctive word and/or phrase presenting two or more alternative terms, whether in the description, claims, or drawings, should be understood to contemplate the possibilities of including one of the terms, either of the terms, or both terms. For example, the phrase "A or B" will be understood to include the possibilities of "A" or "B" or "A and B."
[0067] It will be further appreciated that functions or structures of a plurality of components or steps may be combined into a single component or step, or the functions or structures of one-step or component may be split among plural steps or components. The present invention contemplates all of these combinations. Unless stated otherwise, dimensions and geometries of the various structures depicted herein are not intended to be restrictive of the invention, and other dimensions or geometries are possible. In addition, while a feature of the present invention may have been described in the context of only one of the illustrated embodiments, such feature may be combined with one or more other features of other embodiments, for any given application. It will also be appreciated from the above that the fabrication of the unique structures herein and the operation thereof also constitute methods in accordance with the present invention. The present invention also encompasses intermediate and end products resulting from the practice of the methods herein. The use of "comprising" or "including" also contemplates embodiments that "consist essentially of or "consist of the recited feature.

We claim:

1. A spark plug (200) for igniting compressed air-fuel mixture by an electric spark
in a combustion chamber, the spark plug (200) comprising:
a rotating element (202) rotatably coupled with outer circumference of a body of the spark plug (200);
a cylindrical center electrode (102) extending downward from the rotating element (202);
a ground electrode (104) positioned below the cylindrical center electrode (102) with one end of the ground electrode (104) connected to the rotating element (202), wherein the ground electrode (104) is configured to rotate with respect to the cylindrical center electrode (102); and
a plurality of flaps (204) positioned tangentially on circumference of the rotating element (202).
2. The spark plug (200) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the plurality of flaps (204) are configured to rotate the rotating element (202) based on force generated by movement of air-fuel mixture or creation of tumble center.
3. The spark plug (200) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the rotating element (202) is coupled with the outer circumference of the body of the spark plug (200) by means of a plurality of ball bearings (208).
4. A spark plug (200) for igniting compressed air-fuel mixture by an electric spark in a combustion chamber, the spark plug (200) comprising:
a rotating element (202) rotatably coupled with outer circumference
of a body of the spark plug (200);
a cylindrical center electrode (102) extending downward from the
rotating element (202);
a ground electrode (104) positioned below the cylindrical center
electrode (102) with one end of the ground electrode (104)

connected to the rotating element (202), the ground electrode (104) is configured to rotate with respect to the center electrode (102); and an electric coil assembly having a plurality of coils (206-1,206-2,206-3, 206-4,...) is positioned in between the outer circumference of the cylindrical center electrode (102) and inner surface of the rotating element (202) to rotate the rotating element (202) electromechanically.
5. The spark plug (200) as claimed in claim 4, wherein the rotating element (202) is coupled with the outer circumference of the body of the spark plug (200) by means of a plurality of ball bearings (208).
6. The spark plug (200) as claimed in claim 4, wherein each of the plurality of coils (206-1, 206-2, 206-3, 206-4) of the electric coil assembly receives switching instructions from an Engine Control Unit (ECU) (402), the ECU (402) generates the switching instructions based on the air-fuel mixture position for each coil from the plurality of coils (206-1, 206-2, 206-3, 206-4) to rotate the rotating element (202) in one direction.
7. The spark plug (200) as claimed in claim 6, wherein the ECU (402) receives
Engine Rotation per minute (406), Engine Load (408), and Engine rotation per
minute variation (410) to generate the switching instructions having signals for
current amplitude and direction of current flow in each coil (412) of the electric
coil assembly.
8. A spark plug (200) for igniting compressed air-fuel mixture by an electric
spark in a combustion chamber, the spark plug (200) comprising:
a rotating element (202) rotatably coupled with outer circumference
of a body of the spark plug (200);
a cylindrical center electrode (102) extending downward from the
rotating element (202);
a ground electrode (104) positioned below the cylindrical center
electrode (102) with one end of the ground electrode (104)

connected to the rotating element (202), wherein the ground
electrode (104) is configured to rotate with respect to the cylindrical
center electrode (102);
a plurality of flaps (204) positioned tangentially on circumference
of the rotating element (202); and
an electric coil assembly having a plurality of coils (206-1, 206-2,
206-3, 206-4) positioned in between the outer circumference of the
cylindrical center electrode (102) and inner surface of the rotating
element (202) to rotate the rotating element (202)
electromechanically.
9. The spark plug (200) as claimed in claim 8, wherein the plurality of flaps (204) are configured to rotate the rotating element (202) based on force generated by movement of air-fuel mixture or creation of tumble center.
10. The spark plug (200) as claimed in claim 8, wherein the rotating element (104) coupled with the outer circumference of the body of the spark plug (200) by means of a plurality of ball bearings (208).
11. The spark plug (200) as claimed in claim 8, wherein each of the plurality of coils (206-1,206-2,206-3,206-4) of the electric coil assembly receives switching instruction from an Engine Control Unit (ECU) (402), the ECU (402) generate switching instructions for each of the coils to rotate the rotating element (202) in one direction.
12. The spark plug (200) as claimed in claim 11, wherein the ECU (402) receives
Engine Rotation per minute (406), Engine Load (408), and Engine rotation per
minute variation (410) to generate the switching instructions having signals for
current amplitude and direction of current flow in each coil (412) of the electric
coil assembly.
13. A method for aligning a ground electrode (104) with respect to a cylindrical
center electrode (102) of a spark plug (200) according to air-fuel mixture
movement inside a combustion chamber, the ground electrode (104) is

connected with a rotating element (202) which is rotatably coupled with outer circumference of a body of the spark plug (200) and has an electric coil assembly in between, the method comprising:
receiving, by a controller (404), the air-fuel mixture movement or
tumble center inside the combustion chamber;
determining, by the controller (404) based on the air-fuel mixture
movement, an engine rotation per minute (406), an engine load
(408) and an engine rotation speed variation (410);
generating, by the controller (404), switching instructions having
signals for current amplitude and direction of current flow in each
coil (412) of the electric coil assembly based on the determined the
engine rotation per minute (406), the engine load (408) and the
engine rotation speed variation (410); and
aligning the ground electrode (104) with the cylindrical center
electrode (102) by rotating the rotating element (202) in clockwise
direction or in anti-clockwise direction upon receiving the switching
instructions.
14. The method as claimed in claim 11, wherein each of alternate coil from the
plurality of coil pairs (206-1,206-2,206-3,206-4) has different orientation to
rotate the rotating element (202) in clockwise or anti-clockwise direction.
15. The method as claimed in claim 11, wherein the controller (404) is
implemented inside an Engine Control Unit (402).