Description:TECHNICAL FIELD:
The present disclosure relates to a personal care composition. More specifically, the present disclosure relates to a stable sulfate-free hair and body care composition comprising: a) combination of sulfonate anionic surfactant/s and non-isethionate anionic surfactant/s in the ranges of 0.5 wt% to 35 wt%; b) amphoteric surfactants in the ranges of 0.1 wt% to 20 wt%; c) cationic polymers in the ranges of 0.1 wt% to 15 wt%; and d) a cosmetically acceptable base. Also, the present disclosure provides a stable sulfate-free hair and body care composition that achieves good cleansing and improved conditioning benefits onto hair and/or skin without the use of any silicones and also improved viscosity without use of any thickeners / rheology modifiers, electrolytes. Further, the present disclosure provides a composition with no irritation or reduced irritation, superior foam quality and is stable over time and/or elevated temperature.

BACKGROUND:
The background description includes information that may help understand the current invention. It is not an admission that any of the data presented here is previous knowledge or pertinent to the invention currently being claimed, nor is it an admission that any publication directly or implicitly referred to herein is prior knowledge.

Hair shampoo and conditioner formulations, when applied separately, result in less than desirable results for the user. For instance, after an application of the shampoo, the hair may become too dry. After an application of the conditioner, the hair may become overly conditioned.

Shampoo formulations often contain surfactants such as sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium laureth sulfate, and ammonium laureth sulfate. These sulfate-based surfactants facilitate the cleansing process by decreasing: the surface tension of water and thus allowing water to adhere to the dirt on the hair. However, sulfate-based surfactants have a tendency of making the hair too dry and therefore, consumers prefer to use sulfate-free surfactants as shampoos. There is a need to provide consumers with shampoo products that are free of sulfate-based surfactants.

Hair conditioners contain polydimethylsiloxanes, commonly known as silicones, as part of the formulations. These silicone-based hair conditioning agents, such as dimethicone and cyclodimethicone, have been popular as hair conditioners because they are useful in making hair look full, shiny, smooth and easy to comb. However, upon prolonged usage, silicone-based conditioning agents may form a coating on the hair, thus preventing the hair from getting sufficient moisture. Therefore, despite their apparent effects in making hair look full and shiny, conditioning formulations that contain silicon-based conditioning agents raise concerns among consumers.

Even when shampoo and conditioner formulations are applied at the same time as a mixture, the above-noted problems may not be much alleviated. For instance, the classical 2-in-1 shampoo formulations add a silicone-based conditioner and a suspending agent to a sulfate-based shampoo. However, these 2-in-1 formulations would still not resolve the issues because, as part of the shampoo-conditioner mixture, the shampoo prevents the conditioner from properly conditioning a portion of the hair, while the conditioner prevents the shampoo from properly cleansing another portion of the hair. Furthermore, the components in many of these 2-in-1 formulations contain sulfate-based surfactants and silicone-based conditioning agents.

US20190105243A1 discloses a shampoo composition containing a cationic polymer and from about 20% to about 40%, by weight, of a surfactant system. The shampoo composition is substantially free of sulfate-based surfactants. The surfactant system contains acyl glutamate, sodium cocoyl isethionate, and a zwitterionic surfactant. The weight ratio of zwitterionic surfactant to sodium cocoyl isethionate can be greater than 1.5. The prior art does not disclose standalone alpha olefin sulfonate and taurate or combination of alpha olefin sulfonate and taurate with CAPB at particular ratio for stability and sensorial benefits. Also not disclose cationic polymers with cationic surfactants for improved conditioning effects.

CN104997661 discloses a mild, silicone-free shampoos having ingredients that include acrylates/steareth-20 methacrylate copolymer, cocamidopropyl betaine, polyquaternium-10, disodium lauroamphoacetate, methyl cocoyl taurate, behenyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, stearyl amidopropyl dimethylamine, glycol distearate, quaternium-27, and cationic conditioning agents, in amounts as therein more particularly described, including compositions having the following ingredient contents: acrylates/steareth-20 methacrylate copolymer 1 -6 percent, cocamidopropyl betaine 20-40 percent, polyquaternium-10 0.25-1.25 percent, disodium lauroamphoacetate 2.5-15 percent, methyl cocoyl taurate 1.0~5percent, behenyl trimethyl ammonium chloride 0.5-3 percent, stearyl amidopropyl dimethyl amine 0.5-3 percent, glycol distearate 1 -3 percent, quaternium-27 0.5~3percent, and cationic conditioning agents 1 -4 percent. The composition is said to be free from sulfate surfactants. The prior art does not describe standalone AOS or combination of AOS and taurate along with Polyquaterium 6 and cationic surfactants DDDMAC for improved conditioning effects. Also uses sulphate as well as non sulfate, rheology modifiers and cationic conditioning agents at higer levels about 1-4 percent.

EP3458018B1 discloses a cosmetic composition comprising at least one anionic surfactant (2% to 40%), at least one amphoteric surfactant (1% to 25%) {total weight ratio between anionic surfactant(s) and amphoteric surfactant(s) is less than or equal to 1}, at least one cationic polymer (0.01 % to 10%) and at least one liquid fatty substances - fatty alcohols and fatty esters (0.01% to 20%), compositions used for washing hair. The prior art is not specifically a sulfate-free composition and requires fatty alcohols / esters for its performance. The present invention in contrast is specific and does not require fatty alcohols / esters.

US11116705B2 describes a shampoo composition containing a cationic polymer (0.01% to 2%) and a surfactant system (20 to 50%) anionic amino acid surfactant (2% to 22%) & Zwitterionic surfactant (1% to 15%) weight ratio of anionic and Zwitterionic surfactant is from about 2: 1 to about 4:1. Shampoo composition delivers excellent wet conditioning effects. The prior art disclose composition with anionic amino acid surfactant and zwitterionic surfactant at particular ratios but not AOS alone and combination of AOS with Taurate and with standalone or combination of cationic polymers and cationic surfactants.

US9006162B1 discloses a cleansing composition having 6% to 20% of non-ionic surfactant; 3% to 10% of amphoteric surfactant; 2% to 8% of anionic Surfactant and 0.01% to 5% of cationic conditioning polymer; Non-ionic Surfactant quantity is higher than amphoteric Surfactant quantity and the ratio of non-ionic surfactant to anionic surfactant is 1.9:1. Composition delivers higher deposition of cationic polymers with superior conditioning effects. The prior art does not disclose anionic surfactant AOS as primary surfactant and it disclose non-ionic surfactant as primary surfactant with higher concentration.
US9901524B2 discloses a composition containing water phase, oily phase – hydrocarbon oil, one glycinate type anionic surfactant and one additional anionic surfactant different from glycinates, one amphoteric or zwitterionic surfactant and; 5 % structuring agent – fatty acids; quantity of anionic surfactants and amphoteric or zwitterionic surfactants to the quantity of the structuring agent varies between 80 / 20 and 60 / 40. The use of a glycinate type surfactant for better stability and better foaming effects. The prior art composition covers glycinate type anionic surfactant and not sulfonates along with Polyquaterium 6 or DDDMAC for improved conditioning effects.

US0165165A1 discloses a deep cleansing hair care composition” by P&G ( June 2017) discloses shampoo composition containing 5 to 40 weight % of one or more detersive surfactants (5 to 28% Anionic surfactants , 2 to 15% Zwitterionic surfactants), 0.05% to 2% of cationic polymers and an aqueous carrier comprising water and one or more polyols (ratio of one or more polyols to water is higher than or equal to about 0.4)The composition delivers better hair cleansing, good lather, good conditioning wet feel, clean rinse feel during use, leaving hair with very low residue on the hair surface, provides high hair volume, smooth dry hair feel, and bouncy hair. The prior art does not disclose sulfonate type surfactants along with PQ6 / DDDMAC for superior conditioning effects, stable and improved consistency without use of thinkers/rheology modifiers/electrolytes.

WO1994006409A1 discloses an aqueous hair conditioning shampoo comprising a hair-cleansing effective amount of an anionic surfactant comprising an alpha olefin sulfonate, a hair-conditioning effective amount of a cationic polymer having a hair conditioning effect and a charge density greater than about 180, a water-insoluble hair conditioning agent and, optionally, a dispersing agent which functions to stabilize the emulsion or suspension, and the remainder water. The prior art does not disclose amphoteric surfactant CAPB and Polyquaterium 6. Also not describes combination of sulfonate and other anionic surfactants with selective ratio of amphoteric surfactants and cationic polymer/surfactant for improved foam, cleansing, conditioning effects.

US20210361550A1 discloses a sulfate-free aqueous personal care composition comprising a surfactant system comprising at least one methyl oleoyl taurate, one isethionate and one amphoteric or zwitterionic surfactant chosen from (1) amphoacetates and diamphoacetates, (2) sultaines and (3) alkyl betaines, and from about 0.2 pbw to about 15 pbw of a conditioning agent. It is also directed toward the use of such a composition for washing keratin substrates, in particular the hair or the scalp. The prior art does not disclose sulfonate anionic surfactant along with cationic polymers/surfactants and also requires isethionate which is not a requirement for the present invention.

FR2916629A1 discloses cosmetic composition that comprises at least one anionic primary surfactant, and at least one polymer crosslinked or a super-absorbent reticulated copolymer of the hydro-retentor type in the substantially completely hydrated state. Also, as secondary surfactants they include anionic, amphoteric, non-ionic all surfactants with hair benefitting ingredients. The present invention differentiates itself from the prior art in that the present invention incorporates cationic polymers as an essential component.

Therefore, there remains a need for a hair cleansing and conditioning composition that offers a balance between cleansing and conditioning properties while the composition is free of sulfate-based surfactant and silicone-based hair conditioning agent.

The present disclosure provides a stable sulphate-free composition in the presence of a selective surfactant mixture with cationic polymer/surfactant in the compositions, as demonstrated by foam, viscosity measurements, and sensorial tests using an expert panel. The present disclosure provides a method of achieving improved viscosity without the use of any thickeners or electrolytes; no irritation or reduced irritation; good cleansing; superior foam quality. Further, the present disclosure provides a composition stability over time and/or elevated temperature; and improved conditioning benefits on hair and/or skin without the use of any additional thickening rheology modifiers or silicones.

OBJECTIVES:
An object of the present disclosure relates to a sulfate-free composition.

Another object of the present disclosure relates to A stable sulfate-free hair and body care composition comprising: a) combination of sulfonate anionic surfactants and non-sulfate non-isethionate anionic surfactant; b) amphoteric surfactants; c) cationic polymers; and d) a cosmetically acceptable base.
Yet another object of the present disclosure relates to a composition with improved viscosity without use of any thickeners, electrolytes, no irritation, or reduced irritation.

Further object of the present disclosure relates to a composition with good cleansing and superior foam quality and stable over time and/or elevated temperature;

Furthermore, another object of the present disclosure relates to a composition with good conditioning effect onto hair and/or skin without the use of any additional thickening rheology modifiers and silicones.

SUMMARY:
The present disclosure provides a stable sulfate-free hair and body care composition that achieves good cleansing and improved conditioning benefits onto hair and/or skin without the use of any silicones and also improved viscosity without use of any thickeners / rheology modifiers, electrolytes; can have no irritation or reduced irritation, superior foam quality and is stable over time and/or elevated temperature.

An aspects of present disclosure provides a stable sulfate-free hair and body care composition comprising: a) combination of sulfonate anionic surfactant/s and non-isethionate anionic surfactant/s in the ranges of 0.5 wt% to 35 wt%; b) amphoteric surfactants in the ranges of 0.1 wt% to 20 wt%; c) polymers in the ranges of 0.1 wt% to 15 wt%; and d) a cosmetically acceptable base.

Various features, aspects and advantages of the inventive subject matter will become more apparent from the following detailed description of preferred embodiments.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION:
It is to be understood that the present disclosure is not limited in its application to the details of construction and the arrangement of components set forth in the following description or illustrated in the drawings. The present disclosure is capable of other embodiments, of being practiced, or of being carried out in various ways. Also, it is to be understood that the phraseology and terminology used herein is for the purpose of description and should not be regarded as limiting.
Definition:
All technical and scientific words used herein, unless otherwise defined, have the same meaning as commonly known by one having ordinary ability in the relevant field. The words "a" and "an" designate one or more (i.e., at least one) of the article's grammatical objects. Unless otherwise stated, weight is used to determine all percentages and ratios. All percentages and ratios are calculated based on the total final composition unless otherwise indicated.

As used herein, whether in a transitional phase or the body of a claim, the terms “comprise(s)” and “comprising” are to be interpreted as having an open-ended meaning. That is, the terms are to be interpreted synonymously with the phrases “having at least” or “including at least”. When used in the context of a process, the term “comprising” means that the process includes at least the recited steps, but may include additional steps. When used in the context of a composition, the term “comprising” means that the composition includes at least the recited features or components but may also include additional features or components.

All composition described herein can be performed in suitable order unless otherwise indicated herein or otherwise clearly contradicted by context. The use of any and all examples, or exemplary language (e.g., “such as”,) provided with respect to certain embodiments herein is intended merely to better illuminate the disclosure and does not pose a limitation on the scope of the invention otherwise claimed. No language in the specification should be construed as indicating any non-claimed element essential to the practice of the disclosure.

The numerical values given for various physical parameters, dimensions and quantities are only approximate values and it is envisaged that the values higher than the numerical value assigned to the physical parameters, dimensions and quantities fall within the scope of the disclosure unless there is a statement in the specification to the contrary.

All percentages, parts and ratios are based upon the total weight of the compositions of the present invention, unless otherwise specified. All such weights as they pertain to listed ingredients are based on the active level and, therefore, do not include solvents or by-products that may be included in commercially available materials, unless otherwise specified. The term “weight percent” may be denoted as “wt. %” herein.

“Transparent”, abbreviated as “T”, as used herein means that the composition is visually clear (a person is able to see through the composition with their naked eyes). The clarity of a formulation can be measured by the transmittance percentage of light with a wavelength of 700 nm by UV-Visible spectrophotometry. Transparent samples allow for transmittance of about 60% or higher, more preferably about 70%, even more preferably about 80% or higher, of the light to pass through the formula.

“Hazy or Opaque”, abbreviated as “H/O”, as used herein means that the composition is not visually clear where it appears somewhat cloudy, milky, slightly opaque appearance. (a person is able to see through the composition with their naked eyes). It also means that the composition does not exhibit phase separation. The clarity of a formulation can be measured by the transmittance percentage of light with a wavelength of 700 nm by UV-Visible spectrophotometry. Hazy/Opaque samples allow for transmittance of about 60% or lower, more preferably about 60%, even more preferably about 50% or lower, of the light to pass through the formula.

“Precipitate out" as used herein means that formation of solid particles or substances from a liquid solution, often as a result of a chemical reaction or a change in physical conditions, such as temperature or concentration, that make the substance less soluble in the liquid. When a substance precipitates out, it forms a solid deposit at the bottom of the liquid or becomes suspended within it as solid particles.

The term "Stable composition", abbreviated as “ST”, means that the formulation derived from the composition retains its initial appearance, and specifications at various temperatures for a specific time period and there is no phase separation. The term "Unstable composition", abbreviated as “UnST”, means the composition does not retain its initial appearance, and specifications at various temperatures and there is phase separation.

The term “Foam Volume” as used herein means the ability of the shampoo to produce lather, the volume of foam obtained under specific experimental conditions using kitchen blender method. A foam volume 150 ml or above is acceptable.

Aspects of the present disclosure are further understood in light of the following examples, which should not be considered as limiting the scope of the present disclosure.

An aspect of the present disclosure provides a stable sulfate-free hair and body care composition comprising: a) combination of sulfonate anionic surfactant/s and non-isethionate anionic surfactant/s in the ranges of 0.5 wt% to 35 wt%; b) amphoteric surfactants in the ranges of 0.1 wt% to 20 wt%; c) cationic polymers in the ranges of 0.1 wt% to 15 wt%; and d) a cosmetically acceptable base.

An embodiment of the present disclosure provides, the sulfonate anionic surfactants are selected from the group consisting of salts of alpha olefin sulfonates, alkyl ester sulfonates, alkyl aryl sulfonates, ether sulphonates, alcohol ether sulfonates, ethane sulfonates, and petroleum sulfonates more particularly selected from the group consisting C14 olefin sulfonate, C14-16 olefin sulfonate, C16-18 olefin sulfonate, C14-18 olefin sulfonate, fatty acid ester sulfonates such as sulfonated hydrogenated Palm Oil methyl esters, tallow methyl ester alpha-sulfonate, linear alkyl benzene sulfonates such as dodecylbenzene sulfonate, dodecyl diphenyl oxide disulfonate, isoproopylnapthalene sulfonates, oleyl alcohol-(5 to 20)EO-butylether sulfonate, secondary n-alkane sulfonates, dialkyl(C10-14)benzene sulfonate, lauryl glucosides hydroxypropylsulfonate, lauroyl hydroxypropyl sulfonate, caprylyl sulfonate and caprylyl PG-sulfonate or combination thereof.

In an embodiment of the present disclosure provides, the non-isethionate anionic surfactants are selected from the group consisting of salts of sulfoacetate, sulfolaurate, sulfosuccinates, sulphosuccinamates, ethoxy carboxylates, ester carboxylates, and amino acid surfactants such as taurates, glutamates, sarcosinates, glycinates, alaninates more particularly selected from the group consisting of lauryl sulfoacetate, methyl 2-sulfolaurate, 2-sulfolaurate lauryl sulfosuccinates, laureth sulfosuccinates, dioctyl sulfosuccinates, alkyl PEG sulfosuccinate, bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate, dihexyl sulfosuccinate, octadecyl sulphosuccinamates, alkyl alkoxylated carboxylate, alkyl polyglycerol ether carboxylates, laureth citrate, laureth tartrate, methyl cocoyl taurate, methyl lauroyl taurate, methyl oleoyl taurate, cocoyl glutamates, lauroyl glutamate, lauroyl sarcosinate, cocoyl sarcosinate, myristoyl sarcosinate, cocoyl glycinate, lauroyl glycinate, and cocoyl alaninate or combination thereof.

In yet another embodiment of the present disclosure provides, the amphoteric surfactants are selected from the group consisting of salts of alkylamidopropylbetaine, alkylbetaine, alkyl sultaine, alkyl hydroxysultaine, alkylaminopropylhydroxyl sultaine, alkyl amphocarboxylate, alkyl amine oxides, alkyl aminocarboxylate, glycinates, and imidazoline betaines more particularly selected from the group consisting of cocoamidopropyl betaine, laurylamidopropyl betaine coco amidopropyldimethyl betaine, palm-kernel amidopropyl betaine, cetyl betaine, lauryl betaine, coco betaine, palm-kernel betaine, lauryl dimethyl betaine, coco-sultaine, lauryl sultaine, coco hydroxysultaine, lauryl hydroxysultaine, coco amidopropyl hydroxyl sultaines, lauryl amidopropylhydroxyl sultaines, cocoamphomonoacetate, coco amphodiacetate, coco amphopropionates, coco amphodipropionate, lauroampho monoacetate, lauroampho diacetate, coco amino propionates, coco amphopolycarboxypropionates, coco aminopropionates, alkyliminopropionates, cocamidopropylamine oxide, decylamine oxide, myristamine oxide, lauryldimethylamine oxide, lauramine oxide, stearamine oxide, coco glycinates, coco amphopolycarboxyglycinates, coco imidazoline betaine and lauryl imidazoline betaine or combination thereof.

Cationic counterions in the mono- or di- or tri- salts of sulfonates as well as non-isethionate anionic surfactants are selected from alkali metal ions such as sodium or potassium, ammonium ions including substituted ammonium ions such as alkylammonium ions, alkanolammonium ions.

Further embodiment of the present disclosure provides, the cationic polymers are selected from the group consisting of cationic synthetic copolymers, cationic synthetic homopolymers, cationic guars, and cationic cellulose more particularly selected from the group consisting of Polyquaternium-6, Polyquaternium-7, Polyquaternium-10, Polyquaternium-22, Polyquaternium-39, Polyquaternium-67, Polyquaternium-73, Polyquaternium-110, and different guar hydroxypropyltrimonium chloride or combination thereof.

Certain embodiment of the present disclosure provides, the composition optionally further comprises benefit agents such as moisturisers, sun protection agents, damage repair agents, hair strengthening agents, anti-dandruff agents, biocides, nutrients, and other ingredients such as thickeners, opacifiers, pearlisers, antioxidants, water-hardness modifying agents, preservatives, fragrance, and colours / pigment or combination thereof.
In embodiment of the present disclosure provides, the composition pH ranges from 4.0 to 9.0.

In embodiment of the present disclosure provides, the hair and body care composition have a viscosity of from about 2,000 centipoises (cP) to about 40,000 cP, or about 3,000 cP to about 16,000 cP, or about 4,000 cP to about 12,000 cP, including all values in between these ranges.

Further areas of applicability of the present invention will become apparent from the detailed description provided hereinafter. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the preferred embodiment of the invention, are intended for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

EXAMPLES:
The following are non - limiting examples of the shampoo composition described herein. The examples were prepared by the method described below. Other modifications of the present invention within the skill of those in the techniques and art of shampoo formulation can be undertaken without departing from the spirit and scope of this invention.

All parts, percentages, and ratios mentioned herein are by weight unless otherwise specified. Some components may come from suppliers as dilute solutions. Unless specified otherwise, the amount stated reflects the weight percent of the active material.

List of abbreviations for the ingredients used in the examples are given below.
• Anionic Surfactants: Sodium C14-16 alpha olefin sulfonate = AOS (C14-16) = AOS; Sodium C14 alpha olefin sulfonate = AOS (C14); Sodium methyl cocoyl taurate = SMCT; Sodium lauroyl sarcosinate = SLST; Disodium laureth sulfosuccinate = DLSA; Disodium 2-sulfolaurate = DSL; Sodium cocoyl isethionate = SCI; Disodium lauryl sulfosuccinate = DLS; Sodium methyl oleoyl taurate = SMOT; Sodium lauryl sulfoacetate = SLSA; Sodium Methyl 2-Sulfolaurate (and) Disodium 2-Sulfolaurate = SMSL; Sodium Cocoyl Glycinate = SCG; Sodium Cocoyl Alaninate = SCA; Sodium Laurylglucosides Hydroxypropylsulfonate = SLH.
• Amphoteric Surfactants: Cocoamidopropyl betaine = CAPB; Coco betaine = CB; Sodium cocoamphoacetate = SCA; Disodium Cocoamphodiacetate = DCD; Cocamidopropyl hydroxysultaine = CAHS.
• Cationic Polymers: Polyquaternium-6 = PQ6; Polyquaternium-7 = PQ7; Polyquaternium-10 = PQ10; Polyquaternium-22 = PQ22; Polyquaternium-39 = PQ39; Polyquaternium-73 = PQ73; Guar Hydroxypropyltrimonium Chloride (variant#1) = Jaguar Excel; Guar Hydroxypropyltrimonium Chloride (variant#2) = Jaguar C13S; Guar Hydroxypropyltrimonium Chloride (variant#3) = N-Hance CG17.

Other Abbreviations Used: Ex./Expts. =Experiment/s; H/O=Hazy or Opaque; T=Transparent; ST=Stable; UnST=Unstable; Total Anionics = Total of AOS/Sulfonates and Other Non-isethionate Anionic Surfactants; Total Surfactants = Total of AOS/Sulfonates and Other Non-isethionate Anionic Surfactants and Amphoteric Surfactant.

The following non-limiting examples are illustrated to describe the scope of the disclosure.

General / Base Composition of Shampoo: The following composition was used in all examples unless mentioned otherwise.
Ingredients Concentrations (%w/w)
Alpha Olefin Sulfonate (AOS) As per concentration in the relevant tables
Other Anionic Surfactant As per concentration in the relevant tables
Amphoteric Surfactant As per concentration in the relevant tables
Cationic Polymer As per concentration in the relevant tables
Other Ingredients As per concentration in the relevant tables
pH Modifiers Unspecified (Glycolic acid) Qs to adjust 4.5 to 5.5
Specified (as per Tables) As per concentration in the relevant tables
Preservative 0.5
Fragrance 0.5
Water Qs to 100

General Method of Preparation of the Shampoo Composition
The compositions of the examples below were prepared by adding the anionic surfactants and amphoteric surfactants to water and mixing until the mixture was uniform. Then cationic polymer was added and mixed until the mixture was uniform. Other ingredients were added one at a time and every time stirred sufficiently to obtain a uniform phase. The pH was adjusted either between 4.5 to 5.5 with glycolic acid or to other values as per the quantities in the relevant Tables. To the extent used, fragrances, preservatives, colours were then added.

While this is a general method, modification in the process / method can be carried out by anyone skilled in the art of making hair and body care products involving specific ingredients /compositions that are common / standard practice in the industry without departing from the scope as well as spirit of the present invention.

Procedure For Foam Volume Test:
(I) Without Sebum: In a mixer jar of a blender, weigh 5g of shampoo and add 95ml of 24ºfH (French degree of water hardness) water slowly through the side walls in order to avoid foam generation. Mix gently with a spatula for the dissolution of shampoo in FH water. Place the mixer in the blender and run it at a medium speed for 1min. Pour the content from jar into a Measuring cylinder. Immediately note down the upper and lower volume of the foam and record it in the Lab journal. The difference between the two gives the foam volume. After 5 minutes again note down the upper volume and the lower volume of the foam. The difference between the two gives the foam volume. Once foam is transferred from the mixer jar, wash it and drain it well before using it for the next foam test.
(II) With Sebum: In a clean mixer jar of a blender, weigh 5g of shampoo and weigh 0.5g of sebum. Add 94.5ml of 24 ºfH water through the side wall in order to avoid foam generation. Follow the same process (I) as mentioned for the foam volume test without sebum.

Hair Swatch Sensory Testing:
Hair swatch: A hair swatch is a bunch of human hair typically 15-20g, 5-10 inches long, is used for testing and evaluation. In a particular set of experiments, the length and weights of hair swatches were maintained throughout.

Hair Smoothness: Smoothness, in the context of hair, describes the tactile quality of the hair's surface. Smooth hair feels soft, sleek, and free from roughness, tangles, or frizz. Fingers can easily glide over smooth hair and requires less force for combing.
Evaluation Criteria: These are specific standards used to assess the smoothness of the hair swatch with test sample vs. in the "test" and "comparative” product. A set of 3 to 6 swatches is normally used and assessed by 6 to 10 trained hair evaluation experts. In a particular set of experiments, the number of swatches and the number of hair evaluation experts were maintained throughout.

The sample which is rated by 60% of the experts as better than the other sample will be considered as a “better performing sample” and vice-versa for the ‘inferior performing sample”.

Example 1: Experiments 1A to 1H studied the ability of AOS (C14-16) at different concentrations to incorporate PQ6 in a shampoo formulation. No CAPB was used in these experiments. The details of the variables and the observations are given in Table 1.

Table 1: Study of Anionic Surfactant AOS And Cationic Polymer PQ6 System Without Use of Amphoteric Surfactant CAPB At Varied Concentrations.
Expts. 1A-1H 1A 1B 1C 1D 1E 1F 1G 1H
Ingredients % w/w
AOS (C14-16) 0.95 3.8 7.6 15.2 0.95 3.8 7.6 15.2
CAPB 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
PQ6 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.05 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35
Observations
Stability Not stable; precipitates out

It was observed that the compositions containing a single anionic surfactant AOS (C14-16) and PQ6 (Polyquaternium-6) system were not stable at varied concentrations of AOS (0.95 wt% to 15.2 wt%) and PQ6 (1.05 wt% and 0.35 wt%).

Example 2: Experiments 2A to 2H studied the ability of the anionic surfactant AOS (C14-16) in combination with another anionic surfactant sodium methyl cocoyltaurate (SMCT) to incorporate PQ6 in a shampoo formulation in the absence of any amphoteric surfactant like CAPB. The details of the variables and the observations are given in Table 2.

Table 2: Study of Anionic Surfactants AOS & SMCT And Cationic Polymer PQ6 System Without Use of Amphoteric Surfactant CAPB At Varied Concentrations
Expts. 2A-2H 2A 2B 2C 2D 2E 2F 2G 2H
Ingredients % w/w
AOS (C14-16) 0.95 3.8 7.6 15.2 0.95 3.8 7.6 15.2
SMCT 0.95 3.8 7.6 15.2 0.95 3.8 7.6 15.2
CAPB 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
PQ6 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.05 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35
Observations
Stability Not stable; precipitates out

It was observed that, just as in Example 1, even the compositions containing two anionic surfactants viz. AOS (C14-16) as well as SMCT, could not incorporate PQ6 (Polyquaternium-6) in the shampoo system. All formulations were unstable at varied concentrations of AOS(C14-16) (0.95 wt% to 15.2 wt%), SMCT (0.95 wt% to 15.2 wt%) and PQ6 (1.05 wt% and 0.35 wt%). The illustrative examples show that PQ6 could not be incorporated in the anionic surfactant system even at the tested highest combined concentrations of the surfactants (a total of 30.4 wt%) and could not give a stable sulfate-free shampoo formulation.

Example 3: Experiments 3A to 3Y studied the influence of an amphoteric surfactant viz. CAPB, in providing a stable shampoo system comprising the anionic surfactant AOS (C14-16), another anionic surfactant sodium methyl cocoyl taurate (SMCT) in combination with a cationic polymer PQ6. The details of the variables and the observations are given in Table 3(i) to 3(iii).

Table 3(i): Compositions Containing AOS, SMCT, CAPB (3%) And PQ6
Expts. 3A-3H 3A 3B 3C 3D 3E 3F 3G 3H
Ingredients % w/w
AOS (C14-16) 0.95 3.8 7.6 15.2 0.95 3.8 7.6 15.2
SMCT 0.95 3.8 7.6 15.2 0.95 3.8 7.6 15.2
CAPB 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
PQ6 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.05 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35
Observations
Stability Not stable; precipitates out

Table 3(ii): Compositions Containing AOS, SMCT, CAPB (6%) And PQ6
Expts. 3I-3P 3I 3J 3K 3L 3M 3N 3O 3P
Ingredients % w/w

AOS (C14-16) 0.95 3.8 7.6 15.2 0.95 3.8 7.6 15.2
SMCT 0.95 3.8 7.6 15.2 0.95 3.8 7.6 15.2
CAPB 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
PQ6 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.05 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35
Observations
Stability Not stable; precipitates out

Table 3(iii): Compositions Containing AOS, SMCT, CAPB (6.5%), and PQ6
Expts. 3Q-3Y 3Q 3R 3S 3T 3U 3V 3W 3X 3Y
Ingredients %w/w

AOS (C14-16) 0.95 1.9 3.8 4 5.7 9.5 12.5 4 4
SMCT 0.95 1.9 3.8 4 5.7 9.5 12.5 4 4
CAPB 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 7 8
PQ6 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.05
Observations
Appearance H/O H/O H/O T T T T T T
Stability UnST UnST UnST ST ST ST ST ST ST
pH 4.52 4.54 4.53 4.51 4.52 4.52 4.55 4.52 4.55
Viscosity cPs 680 1540 2420 5800 11350 19870 26450 6400 6900
Analysis of Composition
Total Anionics 1.9 3.8 7.6 8 11.4 19 25 8 8
Total Surfactants 8.4 10.3 14.1 14.5 17.9 25.5 31.5 15 16
Total Anionics to Amphoteric 0.29:1 0.58:1 1.17:1 1.23:1 1.75:1 2.92:1 3.85:1 1.14:1 1.00:1
Total Anionics to Cationic Polymer 1.81:1 3.62:1 7.24:1 7.62:1 10.86:1 18.10:1 23.81:1 7.62:1 7.62:1

An analysis of the combined results of Tables 3(i) through 3(iii) indicates that a stable sulfate-free shampoo was achieved only when the concentration of CAPB (an amphoteric surfactant) was equal to or more than 6.5 wt% and at a total anionic surfactant concentration of equal to or more than 8 wt% while maintaining the concentration of PQ-6 at a constant level of 1.05 wt% [see Table 3(iii)]. Since concentration of total anionic surfactants of more than 8 wt% and that of CAPB of 6 wt% was used unsuccessfully in other experiments (e.g. experiments 3K, 3L, 3O and 3P) it can be concluded that both the presence and the concentration of the amphoteric surfactant CAPB played a critical and essential function in stabilizing a sulfate-free shampoo system comprising of anionic surfactants and cationic polymers.

Given the complex nature of multiple charged ingredients, it is understood that this inference with respect to the concentrations is limited to the specific system presented in this example and can be different in another system of anionic and amphoteric surfactants as well as cationic polymers.

Example 4: Results of Example 3 prompted to study the impact of other amphoteric surfactants in stabilising the shampoo system. Experiments 4A1 to 4A9, 4B1 to 4B9, 4C1 to 4C9 and 4D1 to 4D9 capture the impact of variable concentrations of AOS (C14-16), SMCT and PQ6 in the presence of variable concentrations of 4 other amphoteric surfactants viz. Coco betaine (CB), Sodium cocoamphoacetate (SCA), Disodium Cocoamphodiacetate (DCD) and Cocamidopropyl hydroxysultaine (CAHS). The details of the variables and the observations are given in Tables 4A to 4D.

Table 4A: Compositions Containing AOS, SMCT, CB (6.5%, 7% And 8%) And PQ6
Expts.4A1-4A9 4A1 4A2 4A3 4A4 4A5 4A6 4A7 4A8 4A9
Ingredients %w/w

AOS (C14-16) 0.95 1.9 3.8 4 5.7 9.5 12.5 4 4
SMCT 0.95 1.9 3.8 4 5.7 9.5 12.5 4 4
CB 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 7 8
PQ6 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.05
Observations
Appearance H/O H/O H/O T T T T T T
Stability UnST UnST UnST ST ST ST ST ST ST
pH 4.51 4.55 4.54 4.52 4.54 4.56 4.56 4.52 4.55
Viscosity in cPs 740 1590 2440 5900 11450 19890 26650 7250 8240
Analysis of Composition
Total Anionics 1.9 3.8 7.6 8 11.4 19 25 8 8
Total Surfactants 8.4 10.3 14.1 14.5 17.9 25.5 31.5 15 16
Total Anionics to Amphoteric 0.29:1 0.58:1 1.17:1 1.23:1 1.75:1 2.92:1 3.85:1 1.14:1 1.0:1

Table 4B: Compositions Containing AOS, SMCT, SCA (6.5%, 7% And 7.5%) And PQ6
Expts. 4B1-4B9 4B1 4B2 4B3 4B4 4B5 4B6 4B7 4B8 4B9
Ingredients %w/w

AOS (C14-16) 0.95 1.9 3.8 4 5.7 4 5.7 4 5.7
SMCT 0.95 1.9 3.8 4 5.7 4 5.7 4 5.7
SCA 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 7 7 7.5 7.5
PQ6 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.05
Observations
Appearance H / O H / O H / O H / O H / O H / O H / O T T
Stability UnST UnST UnST UnST UnST UnST UnST ST ST
pH 4.53 4.54 4.54 4.55 4.55 4.55 4.57 4.52 4.54
Viscosity in cPs 630 1460 2050 4910 8630
5430 9450 5650 10450
Analysis of Composition
Total Anionics 1.9 3.8 7.6 8 11.4 8 11.4 8 11.4
Total Surfactants 8.4 10.3 14.1 14.5 17.9 15 18.4 15.5 18.9
Total Anionics to Amphoteric 0.29:1 0.58:1 1.17:1 1.23:1 1.75:1 1.14:1 1.63:1 1.07:1 1.52:1

Table 4C: Compositions Containing AOS, SMCT, DCD (6.5%, 7% And 7.25%) And PQ6
Expts. 4C1-4C9 4C1 4C2 4C3 4C4 4C5 4C6 4C7 4C8 4C9
Ingredients %w/w
AOS (C14-16) 0.95 1.9 3.8 4 5.7 4 5.7 4 5.7
SMCT 0.95 1.9 3.8 4 5.7 4 5.7 4 5.7
DCD 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 7 7 7.25 7.25
PQ6 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.05
Observations
Appearance H / O H / O H / O H / O H / O H / O H / O T T
Stability UnST UnST UnST UnST UnST UnST UnST ST ST
pH 4.51 4.55 4.54 4.52 4.54 4.51 4.56 4.52 4.54
Viscosity in cPs 640 1400 2040 4900 8600
5010 8970 5660 10650
Analysis of Composition
Total Anionics 1.9 3.8 7.6 8 11.4 8 11.4 8 11.4
Total Surfactants 8.4 10.3 14.1 14.5 17.9 15 18.4 15.25 18.65
Total Anionics to Amphoteric 0.29:1 0.58:1 1.17:1 1.23:1 1.75:1 1.14:1 1.62:1 1.10:1 1.57:1

Table 4D: Compositions Containing AOS, SMCT, CAHS (6.5%, 7.5% And 8%) And PQ6
Expts. 4D1-4D9 4D1 4D2 4D3 4D4 4D5 4D6 4D7 4D8 4D9
Ingredients % w/w
AOS (C14-16) 0.95 1.9 3.8 4 5.7 4 5.7 4 5.7
SMCT 0.95 1.9 3.8 4 5.7 4 5.7 4 5.7
CAHS 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 7.5 7.5 8 8
PQ6 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.05
Observations
Appearance H / O H / O H / O H / O H / O H / O H / O T T
Stability UnST UnST UnST UnST UnST UnST UnST ST ST
pH 4.51 4.55 4.54 4.52 4.54 4.51 4.56 4.54 4.52
Viscosity in cPs 700 1840 2440 5200 7800
5600 9890 5560 10750
Analysis of Composition
Total Anionics 1.9 3.8 7.6 8 11.4 8 11.4 8 11.4
Total Surfactants 8.4 10.3 14.1 14.5 17.9 15.5 18.9 16 19.4
Total Anionics to Amphoteric 0.29:1 0.58:1 1.17:1 1.23:1 1.75:1 1.07:1 1.52:1 1.00:1 1.43:1

A perusal of the results shows that all the four (4) amphoteric surfactants viz. CB (Coco Betaine), SCA (Sodium Cocoamphoacetate), DCD (Disodium Cocoamphodiacetate) and CAHS (Cocamidopropyl Hydroxysultaine) at specific individual concentrations were effective in stabilizing the shampoo system containing AOS (C14-16), SMCT and PQ6. While uniformly the concentrations of the total anionic surfactants were minimum 8 wt%, the effective concentrations of the amphoteric surfactants varied between 6.5 wt% to 8 wt% depending upon the specific amphoteric surfactant. Thus, it was observed that diverse amphoteric surfactants at appropriate concentration could stabilise a sulfate-free shampoo system comprising of AOS in combination with another anionic surfactants and cationic polymers.

Example 5: To understand the role and specificity of the other sulfate-free anionic surfactants, additional experiments were carried out using different combinations of diverse sulfate-free anionic surfactants with AOS (C14-16). Few non-limiting examples of other sulfate-free non-isethionate anionic surfactants are, SLST (Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate), DLSA (Disodium Laureth Sulfosuccinate), DLS (Disodium Lauryl Sulfosuccinate), DSL (Disodium 2-sulfolaurate), SCI (Sodium Cocoyl Isethionate), SMOT (Sodium Methyl Oleyl Taurate), SLSA (Sodium Lauryl Sulfoacetate), SMSL (Sodium Methyl 2-Sulfolaurate (and) Disodium 2-Sulfolaurate), SCG (Sodium Cocoyl Glycinate), SCA (Sodium Cocoyl Alaninate), and SLH (Sodium Laurylglucosides Hydroxypropylsulfonate). Experiments 5A1 to 5A8 (see Table 5A), 5B1 to 5B8 (see Table 5B), 5C1 to 5C8 (see Table 5C), and 5D1 to 5D8 (see Table 5D) capture the variables in the formulation and the resultant stability or otherwise of the sulfate-free formulation.

Table 5A: Compositions Containing AOS, Select Anionic Surfactants, Cocoamidopropyl Betaine (6.5% to 8.75%) And PQ6
Expts. 5A1-5A8 5A1 5A2 5A3 5A4 5A5 5A6 5A7 5A8
Ingredients % w/w
AOS (C14-16) 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
SLST 4 4 4 4 0 0 0 0
DLSA 0 0 0 0 4 4 4 4
CAPB 6.5 7.5 8 16.5 6.5 7.75 8.25 8.75
PQ6 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.05
Observations
Appearance H / O H / O T T H / O H / O T T
Stability UnST UnST ST ST UnST UnST ST ST
pH 4.58 4.54 4.58 4.58 4.58 4.5 4.52 4.52
Viscosity in cPs 90 210 280 3870 900 1700 1900 2400
Analysis of Compositions
Total Surfactants 14.5 15.5 16 24.5 14.5 15.75 16.25 16.75
Total Anionics to Amphoteric 1.23:1 1.06:1 1:1 0.48:1 1.23:1 1.03:1 0.97:1 0.91:1
CAPB : PQ6 6.19 : 1 7.14 : 1 7.62 : 1 15.7: 1 6.19 : 1 7.38 : 1 7.86 : 1 8.33 : 1

Table 5B: Compositions Containing AOS, Select Other Anionic Surfactants, CAPB (6.5% to 10.25%), And PQ6
Expts.5B1-5B8 5B1 5B2 5B3 5B4 5B5 5B6 5B7 5B8
Ingredients %w/w
AOS (C14-16) 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
DSL 4 4 4 4 0 0 0 0
DLS 0 0 0 0 4 4 0 0
SCI 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 4
CAPB 6.5 9.25 9.75 10.25 7.5 8 6.5 9
PQ6 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.05
Observations
Appearance H / O H / O T T H / O T H / O H / O
Stability UnST UnST ST ST UnST ST UnST UnST
pH 4.6 4.51 4.51 4.51 4.56 4.61 4.63 4.54
Viscosity in cPs 3400 8300 8700 9960 1640 2150 12340 16210
Analysis of Compositions
Total Surfactants 14.5 17.25 17.75 18.25 15.5 16 14.5 17
Total Anionics to Amphoteric 1.23:1 0.86:1 0.82:1 0.78:1 1.06:1 1:1 1.23:1 0.88:1
CAPB : PQ6 6.19:1 8.81:1 9.29:1 9.76:1 7.14:1 7.62:1 6.19:1 8.57:1

Table 5C: Compositions Containing AOS, Selective Other Anionic Surfactants, CAPB (6.5% to 10.25 %), And PQ6
Expts.5C1-5C8 5C1 5C2 5C3 5C4 5C5 5C6 5C7 5C8
Ingredients %w/w
AOS (C14-16) 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
SMOT 4 4 4 4 0 0 0 0
SLSA 0 0 0 0 4 4 4 4
CAPB 6.5 8 8.5 9 6.5 9.25 9.75 10.25
PQ6 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.05
Observations
Appearance H / O H / O T T H / O H / O T T
Stability UnST UnST ST ST UnST UnST ST ST
pH 4.67 4.5 4.52 4.52 4.62 4.51 4.51 4.51
Viscosity in cPs 13560 1700 1900 2400 12490 8300 8700 9960
Analysis of Compositions
Total Surfactants 14.5 16 16.5 17 14.5 17.25 17.75 18.25
Total Anionics to amphoteric 1.23:1 1:1 0.94:1 0.88:1 1.23:1 0.86:1 0.82:1 0.78:1
CAPB : PQ6 6.19 : 1 7.62 : 1 8.10 : 1 8.57 : 1 6.19 : 1 8.81 : 1 9.29 : 1 9.76 : 1

Table 5D: Compositions Containing AOS, Select Anionic Surfactants, Cocoamidopropyl Betaine (6.5% to 9.75%) And PQ6
Expts. 5D1-5D8 5D1 5D2 5D3 5D4 5D5 5D6 5D7 5D8
Ingredients % w/w
AOS (C14-16) 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
SMSL 4 4 0 0 0 0 0 0
SCG 0 0 4 4 0 0 0 0
SCA 0 0 0 0 4 4 0 0
SLH 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 4
CAPB 9 9.75 6.75 7.00 6.50 7.00 6.50 6.75
PQ6 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.05
Observations
Appearance H / O T H / O T H / O T H / O T
Stability UnST ST UnST ST UnST ST UnST ST
pH 4.54 4.53 4.52 4.55 4.54 4.53 4.53 4.60
Viscosity in cPs 910 8700 460 1700 380 3620 950 5340
Analysis of Compositions
Total Surfactants 17 17.75 14.75 15 14.5 15.0 14.5 14.75
Total Anionics to Amphoteric 0.88:1 0.82:1 1.19:1 1.14:1 1.23:1 1.14:1 1.06:1 1.19:1
CAPB : PQ6 8.57 : 1 9.29 : 1 6.43 : 1 6.66 : 1 6.19:1 6.66:1 6.19:1 6.42:1

A perusal of all the tables 5A to 5D shows that under the experimental conditions all the other sulfate-free anionic surfactants except SCI (Sodium Cocoyl Isethionate) were successful in stabilizing the shampoo formulations. The amphoteric surfactant played a critical role in achieving stable formulations. The quantity / percentage of the amphoteric surfactants varied depending on the nature of the anionic surfactants at any given percentage of the cationic polymer. Experiments 5A1 to 5A8, 5B1 to 5B8, 5C1 to 5C8 and 5D1 to 5D8 capture the variables in the formulation and the results. In these specific examples, the minimum ratios between amphoteric surfactant to cationic polymer for different anionic surfactants varied with the specific surfactant combinations and are found to be as follows: for Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate = (7.14-7.62):1, for Disodium Laureth Sulfosuccinate = (7.38-7.86):1, for Disodium 2-sulfolaurate = (8.81-9.29):1, for Disodium Lauryl Sulfosuccinate = (7.14-7.62):1, for Sodium Methyl Oleyl Taurate = (7.62-8.10):1), for Sodium Lauryl Sulfoacetate = (8.81-9.29):1, Sodium Methyl 2-Sulfolaurate (and) Disodium 2-Sulfolaurate = (8.57-9.29):1, for Sodium Cocoyl Glycinate = (6,43-6.66):1, Sodium Cocoyl Alaninate = (6.19-6.66):1, and for Sodium Laurylglucosides Hydroxypropylsulfonate = (6.19-6.42):1. Sodium Cocoyl Isethionate, under the condition used, did not give a stable composition. Thus, with adequate optimization, suitable combinations of AOS (C14-16) with sulfate-free anionic surfactants, amphoteric surfactants and cationic polymers can provide a stable shampoo formulation.

Example 6: To understand the role of different proportions of the partner sulfate-free anionic surfactants, additional experiments were carried out using different proportions of the diverse sulfate-free anionic surfactants while maintaining the total of the anionic surfactant’s constant at 8%. CAPB (6.5%) and PQ6 (1.05%) too were maintained at a constant level. The experiments 6A to 6H as documented in Table 6 describe the variables and the observations / results in obtaining a stable sulfate-free shampoo composition.

Table 6: Compositions Containing AOS and SMCT At Different Ratios at Constant Concentrations of Amphoteric Surfactant CAPB (6.5%) And Cationic Polymer PQ6 (1.05%)
Expts.6A-6H 6A 6B 6C 6D 6E 6F 6G 6H

Ingredients %w/w
AOS (C14-16) 1 2 3 4 4.4 5 6 7

SMCT 7 6 5 4 3.6 3 2 1

CAPB 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5

PQ6 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.05

Observation
Appearance T T T T H / O H / O H / O H / O

Stability ST ST ST ST UnST UnST UnST UnST

pH 4.51 4.54 4.52 4.52 4.52 4.52 4.53 4.52

Viscosity in cPs 7800 7200 6900 6400 6600 200 180 90

Analysis of Composition
Total Anionics 8
Total Surfactants 14.5

AOS: Taurate 0.14:1 0.33:1 0.60:1 1.00:1 1.22:1 1.67:1 3.00:1 7.00:1
Total Anionics to Amphoteric 1.23:1
CAPB : PQ6 6.19 : 1

The observations demonstrate that only at certain ratios of the composition containing AOS and SMCT, the shampoo formulation is stable. The effective ratio of AOS to SMCT is =1:1; at >1:1 ratio the compositions are not stable.

Anyone skilled in the art can anticipate that these ratios will vary depending upon the nature of individual sulfate-free anionic surfactants.

Example 7: While the cationic polymer PQ6 was used in all previous studies, the scope of the inventive composition to stabilise diverse cationic polymers were also studied. Experiments 7A to 7J, and 7K to 7R capture the variables and the observations / results (see Table 7A and 7B) of incorporating different cationic polymers in a stable sulfate-free shampoo formulation with 4% AOS (C14-16) or AOS (C14) and 4% SMCT as anionic surfactants. The different cationic polymers studied were PQ6 (Polyquaternium-6), PQ10 (Polyquaternium-10), PQ7 (Polyquaternium-7), Jaguar Excel (Guar Hydroxypropyltrimonium Chloride), JaguarmC13S (Guar Hydroxypropyltrimonium Chloride), PQ22 (Polyquaternium-22), PQ73 (Polyquaternium-73), PQ39 (Polquaternium 39), and N-HanceCG17 (Guar Hydroxypropyltrimonium Chloride) were evaluated at different concentration of the amphoteric surfactant and cationic polymers.

Table 7A: Composition Containing AOS (4%), SMCT (4%) And CAPB (6.5%) With Different Cationic Polymers (0.35%)
Expts. 7A-7J 7A 7B 7C 7D 7E 7F 7G 7H 7I 7J
Ingredients %w/w
AOS (C14-16) 4 0 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
AOS (C14) 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
SMCT 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
CAPB 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5
PQ6 0.35 0.35 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
PQ10 0 0 0.35 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
PQ7 0 0 0 0.35 0 0 0 0 0 0
Jaguar Excel 0 0 0 0 0.35 0 0 0 0 0
Jaguar C13S 0 0 0 0 0 0.35 0 0 0 0
PQ22 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.35 0 0 0
PQ73 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.35 0 0
PQ39 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.35 0
N-Hance CG17 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.35
Observation
Appearance T T T T T T T T T T
Stability ST ST ST ST ST ST ST ST ST ST
pH 4.51 4.53 4.52 4.50 4.51 4.54 4.52 4.54 4.53 4.52
Viscosity in cPs 9010
6000
12320
11320 11340
11890 11690
11480 11220 11220
Analysis of Composition
Total Anionics 8
Total Surfactants 14.5

Total Anionics to Amphoteric 1.23:1
CAPB : Cationic Polymers 18.57 : 1

Table 7B: Composition Containing AOS (4%), SMCT (4%) And CAPB (0.5%) With Different Cationic Polymers (0.2%)
Expts. 7K-7S 7K 7L 7M 7N 7O 7P 7Q 7R S
Ingredients %w/w
AOS (C14-16) 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
SMCT 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
CAPB 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
PQ6 0.2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
PQ10 0 0.2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
PQ7 0 0 0.2 0 0 0 0 0 0
Jaguar Excel 0 0 0 0.2 0 0 0 0 0
Jaguar C13S 0 0 0 0 0.2 0 0 0 0
PQ22 0 0 0 0 0 0.2 0 0 0
PQ73 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.2 0 0
PQ39 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.2 0
N-Hance CG17 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.2
Observation
Appearance H/O T T T T T T T T
Stability UnST ST ST ST ST ST ST ST ST
pH 4.53 4.52 4.53 4.52 4.53 4.51 4.53 4.54 4.52
Viscosity in cPs 90 1820
1640 1660
1610 1580
1420 1340 1460
Analysis of Composition
Total Anionics 8
Total Surfactants 8.5
Total Anionics to Amphoteric 16:1
CAPB: Cationic Polymers 2.5: 1

The above results indicate that with suitable combinations of the two sulfate-free anionic surfactants in combination with amphoteric surfactant can incorporate diverse cationic polymers in the sulfate-free shampoo formulation. In the non-limiting examples / experiments mentioned here, compositions containing sulfonate type anionic surfactants AOS(C14-16) (4%) or AOS (C14) (4%) and SMCT (4%) in combination with 6.5% CAPB could give a stable sulfate-free shampoo incorporating selective cationic polymers (0.35%) viz. PQ6, PQ10, PQ7, Jaguar Excel, JaguarmC13S, PQ22, PQ73, PQ39, and N-HanceCG17. The same combination of the two anionic surfactants in combination with a low CAPB concentration of 0.5 wt% could give a stable sulfate-free shampoo incorporating selective cationic polymers at 0.2 wt%, except for PQ-6 that gave an unstable product. PQ-6 requires higher quantities of amphoteric surfactants as has been demonstrated in other examples.

Example 8: While most of the examples illustrated so far were working in an acidic pH condition and using only glycolic acid, it was further observed that the composition was effective across a broad pH range. Experiments were carried out using different proportions of the pH modifiers (glycolic acid) while maintaining the total of the anionic surfactant’s constant at 8%, CAPB at 6.5% and PQ6 at 1.05%. The experiments as documented in Table 8 describe the variables and the observations / results in obtaining a stable sulfate-free shampoo composition with diverse pH values.

Table 8: Compositions Containing AOS, SMCT, CAPB And PQ6 At Different pH Values
Expts. 8A-8E 8A 8B 8C 8D 8E
Ingredients %w/w
AOS (C14-16) 4 4 4 4 4
SMCT 4 4 4 4 4
CAPB 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5
PQ6 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.05
Glycolic acid 0 0.2 0.35 0.45 0.65
Observations
Appearance T T T T T
Stability ST ST ST ST ST
pH 8.04 7.22 5.88 4.52 3.52
Viscosity cPs 2460 3560 4950 5860 9860
Analysis of Composition
Total Anionics 8
Total Surfactants 14.5
Total Anionics to Amphoteric 1.23:1

Example 9: Additional experiments were conducted using different pH modifiers while maintaining the total of the anionic surfactant’s constant at 8%, CAPB at 6.5% and PQ6 at 1.05%. The experiments as documented in Table 9 describe the variables and the observations / results in obtaining a stable sulfate-free shampoo composition with diverse pH modifiers.

Table 9: Compositions Containing AOS, SMCT, CAPB And PQ6 With Different pH Modifiers
Expts. 9A – 9J 9A 9B 9C 9D 9E 9F 9G 9H 9I 9J
Ingredients %w/w
AOS (C14-16) 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
SMCT 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
CAPB 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5
PQ6 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.05
Citric acid 0.35 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Malic acid 0 0.35 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tartaric acid 0 0 0.3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Hydrochloric acid (35%) 0 0 0 0.6 0 0 0 0 0 0
Glutamic acid 0 0 0 0 1.25 0 0 0 0 0
Lactic acid 0 0 0 0 0 0.65 0 0 0 0
Succinic acid 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.5 0 0 0
Glacial acetic acid 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.65 0 0
Ascorbic acid 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.3 0
Glycolic acid 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.45
Observations
Appearance T T T T T T T T T T
Stability ST ST ST ST ST ST ST ST ST ST
pH 4.53 4.55 4.55 4.55 4.55 4.53 4.55 4.55 4.55 4.52
Viscosity cPs 5600 5450 5550 5750 8550 5640 5550 7750 5670 5860
Analysis of Composition
Total Anionics 8
Total Surfactants 14.5
Total Anionic to Amphoteric 1.23:1

Example 10: Additional examples are also provided illustrating that the benefit agents and other ingredients are compatible with the inventive. The details of the variables in the formulation and the observations cum results are given in Experiments 10A to 10E in Table 10.
Table 10: Compositions Containing AOS, SMCT, CAPB And PQ6 Along with Benefit Agents / Additional Ingredients
Expts. 10A-10E 10A 10B 10C 10D 10E
Ingredients % w/w
AOS (C14-16) 4 1 1 0.5 2
SMCT 4 12 0 0.5 0
SLST 0 0 2 0 3
CAPB 6.5 7 7.75 9.25 3.5
PQ6 1.05 0 4.2 1.05 0
PQ22 0 4 0 0 10
PEG-150 Distearate (PDE) 0.5 0 0.5 0 0
PEG-120 Methyl Glucose Triisostearate (PMGT) 0 0 0 0.25 0
Glycerin (GLY) 1.5 0 1.5 1.5 0.5
Panthenol (PTL) 0.5 1 0.5 0.25 0
Trehalose 0 0.25 0 0.25 0
Hydrolyzed Wheat Protein (HWP) 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1
Glycolic acid 0.40 0.40 0.60 0.75 0.55
Phenoxyethanol & Ethylhexylglycerin (Preservative) 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
Fragrance 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
C.I. 19140 (Colorant) 0.002 0 0.002 0 0
Water Q.s to 100 Q.s to 100 Q.s to 100 Q.s to 100 Q.s to 100
Observations
Appearance T T T T T
Stability ST ST ST ST ST
pH 4.53 4.52 4.53 4.52 4.55
Viscosity in cPs 6480 9280 5080 5180 20180
Analysis of Composition
Total Anionics 8 13 3 1 5
Total Surfactants 14.5 20 10.75 10.25 8.5
Total Anionics to Amphoteric 1.23:1 1.85:1 0.39:1 0.11:1 1.43:1

For a stable sulfate-free hair and body care system, interactions are involved among multiple charged molecules such as anionic surfactants and cationic polymers as well as amphoteric surfactants capable of interacting with such charged systems. Further, such molecules are having diverse shapes, sizes, charge, and charge densities. These interactions make the inventive composition highly complex, and for many other compositions / ingredients, the effective range of concentrations of the ingredients can be different from those mentioned in the illustrated examples. Any technically competent person skilled in the art can make the inventive composition involving other ingredients of the same class work successfully by carrying out multiple experiments.

ADVANTAGES:
1. Safe
2. Stable
3. Efficient
4. The present disclosure provides a composition with good cleansing, and superior foam quality.
5. The present disclosure provides a composition with good conditioning effect onto hair and/or skin without the use of any additional thickening rheology modifiers and silicones.
, Claims:We Claim:

1. A stable sulfate-free hair and body care composition comprising:
a) combination of sulfonate anionic surfactant/s and non-isethionate anionic surfactant/s in the ranges of 0.5 wt% to 35 wt%;
b) amphoteric surfactants in the ranges of 0.1 wt% to 20 wt%;
c) cationic polymers in the ranges of 0.1 wt% to 15 wt%; and
d) a cosmetically acceptable base.

2. The composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sulfonate anionic surfactants are selected from the group consisting of salts of alpha olefin sulfonates, alkyl ester sulfonates, alkyl aryl sulfonates, ether sulphonates, alcohol ether sulfonates, ethane sulfonates, and petroleum sulfonates more particularly selected from the group consisting C14 olefin sulfonate, C14-16 olefin sulfonate, C16-18 olefin sulfonate, C14-18 olefin sulfonate, fatty acid ester sulfonates such as sulfonated hydrogenated Palm Oil methyl esters, tallow methyl ester alpha-sulfonate, linear alkyl benzene sulfonates such as dodecylbenzene sulfonate, dodecyl diphenyl oxide disulfonate, isoproopylnapthalene sulfonates, oleyl alcohol-(5 to 20)EO-butylether sulfonate, secondary n-alkane sulfonates, dialkyl(C10-14)benzene sulfonate, lauryl glucosides hydroxypropylsulfonate, lauroyl hydroxypropyl sulfonate, caprylyl sulfonate and caprylyl PG-sulfonate or combination thereof.

3. The composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the non-isethionate anionic surfactants are selected from the group consisting of salts of sulfoacetate, sulfolaurate, sulfosuccinates, sulphosuccinamates, ethoxy carboxylates, ester carboxylates, and amino acid surfactants such as taurates, glutamates, sarcosinates, glycinates, alaninates more particularly selected from the group consisting of lauryl sulfoacetate, methyl 2-sulfolaurate, 2-sulfolaurate lauryl sulfosuccinates, laureth sulfosuccinates, dioctyl sulfosuccinates, alkyl PEG sulfosuccinate, bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate, dihexyl sulfosuccinate, octadecyl sulphosuccinamates, alkyl alkoxylated carboxylate, alkyl polyglycerol ether carboxylates, laureth citrate, laureth tartrate, methyl cocoyl taurate, methyl lauroyl taurate, methyl oleoyl taurate, cocoyl glutamates, lauroyl glutamate, lauroyl sarcosinate, cocoyl sarcosinate, myristoyl sarcosinate, cocoyl glycinate, lauroyl glycinate, and cocoyl alaninate; or combination thereof.
4. The composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the amphoteric surfactants are selected from the group consisting of salts of alkylamidopropylbetaine, alkylbetaine, alkyl sultaine, alkyl hydroxysultaine, alkylaminopropylhydroxyl sultaine, alkyl amphocarboxylate, alkyl amine oxides, alkyl aminocarboxylate, glycinates, and imidazoline betaines more particularly selected from the group consisting of cocoamidopropyl betaine, laurylamidopropyl betaine coco amidopropyldimethyl betaine, palm-kernel amidopropyl betaine, cetyl betaine, lauryl betaine, coco betaine, palm-kernel betaine, lauryl dimethyl betaine, coco-sultaine, lauryl sultaine, coco hydroxysultaine, lauryl hydroxysultaine, coco amidopropyl hydroxyl sultaines, lauryl amidopropylhydroxyl sultaines, cocoamphomonoacetate, coco amphodiacetate, coco amphopropionates, coco amphodipropionate, lauroampho monoacetate, lauroampho diacetate, coco amino propionates, coco amphopolycarboxypropionates, coco aminopropionates, alkyliminopropionates, cocamidopropylamine oxide, decylamine oxide, myristamine oxide, lauryldimethylamine oxide, lauramine oxide, stearamine oxide, coco glycinates, coco amphopolycarboxyglycinates, coco imidazoline betaine and lauryl imidazoline betaine or combination thereof.

5. The composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cationic polymers are selected from the group consisting of cationic synthetic copolymers, cationic synthetic homopolymers, cationic guars, and cationic celluloses more particularly selected from the group consisting of Polyquaternium-6, Polyquaternium-7, Polyquaternium-10, Polyquaternium-22, Polyquaternium-39, Polyquaternium-67, Polyquaternium-73, Polyquaternium-110, and different guar hydroxypropyltrimonium chloride; or combination thereof.

6. The composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the composition optionally further comprises benefit agents such as moisturisers, sun protection agents, damage repair agents, hair strengthening agents, anti-dandruff agents, biocides, nutrients, and other ingredients such as thickeners, opacifiers, pearlisers, antioxidants, water-hardness modifying agents, preservatives, fragrance, and colours / pigment or combination thereof.

7. The composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the composition pH ranges from 4.0 to 9.0.

Dated this the 1st Day of February, 2024

Anjan Sen
Of Anjan Sen & Associates
(Applicants Agent & Advocate)
IN/PA-199