DESC:FIELD OF THE INVENTION:

The present invention contemplates a synergistic formulation of Afidopyropen and one more insecticide selected from Diafenthiuron, Pyriproxyfen, Tolfenpyrad and Acephate. The present invention also relates to process for preparing the said formulation comprising Afidopyropen and one more insecticide and one or more inactive excipients.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Pesticides are chemicals that may be used to kill fungus, bacteria, insects, plant diseases, snails, slugs, or weeds among others. These chemicals can work by ingestion or by touch and death may occur immediately or over a long period of time.

Insecticides are a type of pesticide that is used to specifically target and kill insects. Some insecticides include snail bait, ant killer, and wasp killer.

An insecticide is a substance used to kill insects. They include ovicides and larvicides used against insect eggs and larvae, respectively. Insecticides are used in agriculture, medicine, industry and by consumers.

Insecticides can be classified by many ways like Systemic insecticides, Contact insecticides, Natural insecticides, Plant-incorporated protectants (PIPs), Inorganic insecticides and Organic insecticides.

The mode of action describes how the pesticide kills or inactivates a pest. It provides another way of classifying insecticides. Mode of action is important in understanding whether an insecticide will be toxic to unrelated species, such as fish, birds and mammals.

Insecticidal classes which covers majority of the insecticides are Organophosphates and carbamates, Organochlorides, Neonicotinoids, Pyrethroids, Ryanoids and Plant-incorporated protectants.

Afidopyropen was first disclosed in EP1889540B1. Afidopyropen, chemically known as [(3S,4R,4aR,6S,6aS,12R,12aS,12bS)-3-(cyclopropylcarbonyloxy)-1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,6a,12a,12b-decahydro-6,12-dihydroxy-4,6a,12b-trimethyl-11-oxo-9-(3-pyridyl)-11H,12H-benzo [f] pyrano[4,3-b]chromen-4-yl]methyl cyclopropanecarboxylate and having chemical structure as below;

The main concern with the use of insecticide is the development of resistance by the insects for that particular insecticide and at the end one has to apply more concentrated formulation of the insecticide. The high amount of insecticide may results in the toxicity to human beings as well as has bad effect on environment.

Previously people have tried many alternatives and option to overcome this problem and as a result developed poly mixture of insecticide, use of nontoxic ingredients and developing novel formulations which provides effective amount of the insecticide and at the required part only.

However the use of poly mixture containing large number of insecticide poses a problem in many was like preparing formulation of multiple insecticides with different chemical properties and behavior and physical properties. It also creates challenge for the formulator in term of compatibility and stability of all the insecticides along with the used excipients in the formulation.

WO2015120684A1 describes synergistic pesticidal composition has active components afidopyropen and pymetrozine, and the mass ratio of the afidopyropen to the pymetrozine is 1:80 to 80:1. The composition has a significant synergistic effect, has significantly-enhanced pesticidal activity compared with a single agent, and has a very good preventing effect on multiple kinds of pests such as planthoppers, leafhoppers, whiteflies, and thrips.

WO2016038067A1 discloses agricultural methods for controlling pests and/or increasing the plant health of cultivated plants having at least one modification, by treating such cultivated plants, parts of such plants, plant propagation materials or their locus of growth with afidopyropen or compositions comprising afidopyropen or mixtures of afidopyropen with another pesticidal active ingredient.

WO 2010/020477 describes insecticidal compositions comprising Diafenthiuron and a crop safener, and to the use of such compositions in controlling insects in crops of useful plants. The invention further extends to combination packages of Diafenthiuron and crop safener.

However still there is a need for a formulation of specific insecticides which overcomes some of the existing problems and can be prepared easily without much complex manufacturing process.

Inventors of the present invention have surprisingly found that synergistic formulation of Afidopyropen and one more insecticide as described herein can provide solution to the above problems by showing synergistic effect.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to a synergistic insecticidal formulation comprising synergistic formulation of Afidopyropen and one more insecticide selected from Diafenthiuron, Pyriproxyfen, Tolfenpyrad and Acephate with one or more inactive excipients.

The present invention also relates to synergistic insecticidal formulation comprising Afidopyropen and one more insecticide selected from Diafenthiuron, Pyriproxyfen, Tolfenpyrad and Acephate which shows synergistic effect.

Further the present invention also relates to process for preparing the novel formulation comprising Afidopyropen and one more insecticide selected from Diafenthiuron, Pyriproxyfen, Tolfenpyrad and Acephate.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The present invention provides a synergistic insecticidal formulation comprising synergistic formulation of Afidopyropen and one more insecticide selected from Diafenthiuron, Pyriproxyfen, Tolfenpyrad and Acephate.

The term formulation and composition as used herein conveys the same meaning and can be used interchangeably.

"Effective amounts” as mentioned herein means that amount which, when applied treatment of crops, is sufficient to effect such treatment.

As per one embodiment, the insecticidal composition of the present invention can be prepared in various physical forms, for example in the form of a dustable powder (DP), a gel, a wettable powder (WP), a granule (GR) (such as an emulsifiable granule (EG) or more particularly a water-dispersible granule (WG)), a water-dispersible tablet (WT), an emulsifiable concentrate (EC), a micro- emulsifiable concentrate, an oil-in-water emulsion (EW), an oil flowable (e.g. a spreading oil (SO)), Foliar Spray (FS), an aqueous dispersion (e.g. aqueous suspension concentrate (SC)), an oily dispersion (OD), a suspo-emulsion (SE), a capsule suspension (CS), a soluble liquid, a water-soluble concentrate (with water or a water-miscible organic solvent as carrier), an impregnated polymer film, or jumbo formulation.

As per one preferred embodiment, the insecticidal composition of the present invention is in the form of a wettable powder (WP), water-dispersible granule (WG), aqueous suspension concentrate (SC), an oily dispersion (OD), a suspo-emulsion (SE) and mixed formulation of CS and SC (ZC).

The concentration or ratio of active ingredients can play important role to achieve synergistic effect with desired result. As per present invention, the ratio of Afidopyropen and one more insecticide selected from Diafenthiuron, Pyriproxyfen, Tolfenpyrad and Acephate is 1:50 to 10:1.

As per one embodiment, the present invention formulation and composition are in the form and ratio as provided in below;

Active Ingredient 1 Active Ingredient 2 A.I. (%) in formulation Formulation Strength (%) Preferred formulation type Formulation per Hectare (ml) g.a.i/h
A.I. 1 A.I. 2 A. I. 1 A. I. 2
Afidopyropen Acephate 2 25 27 OD 2500 50 625
Afidopyropen Acephate 5 70 75 WP 1000 50 700
Afidopyropen Acephate 5 70 75 WG 1000 50 700
Afidopyropen Bifenthrin 5 7.5 12.5 SC 1000 50 75
Afidopyropen Bifenthrin 5 7.5 12.5 WP 1000 50 75
Afidopyropen Bifenthrin 5 7.5 12.5 ZC 1000 50 75
Afidopyropen Diafenthiuron 5 30 35 SC 1000 50 300
Afidopyropen Diafenthiuron 6.67 40 46.67 WP 750 50 300
Afidopyropen Diafenthiuron 6.67 40 46.67 WG 750 50 300
Afidopyropen Pyriproxyfen 6.67 13.33 20 SC 750 50 100
Afidopyropen Pyriproxyfen 6.67 13.33 20 SE 750 50 100
Afidopyropen Pyriproxyfen 10 20 30 WP 500 50 100
Afidopyropen Tolfenpyrad 5 15 20 SC 1000 50 150
Afidopyropen Tolfenpyrad 10 30 40 WG 500 50 150
Afidopyropen Tolfenpyrad 10 30 40 WP 500 50 150

As per one embodiment, the present formulation is to be used to manage or control insects in crops selected from Genetically modified Organism (GMO) and non GMO plants of Cotton (Gossypium spp.), Jute (Corchorus oliotorus), Paddy (Oryza sativa), Wheat (Triticum aestavum), Barley (Hordeum vulgare), Maize (Zea mays), Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), Ragi (Eleusine coracana), Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum), Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) , Sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris), Soybean (Glycine max), Peanut (Arachis hypogaea), Sunflower (Helianthus annuus) , Mustard (Brassica juncea), Rape seed (Brassica napus), Linseed (Linum usitatissimum), Sesame (Sesamum indicum), Castor (Ricinus communis), Green gram (Vigna radiate), Black gram (Vigna mungo), Chickpea (Cicer aritinum), Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata), Redgram (Cajanus cajan), Frenchbean (Phaseolus vulgaris), Indian bean (Lablab purpureus), Horse gram (Macrotyloma uniflorum), Field pea (Pisum sativum), Cluster bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba), Lentils (Lens culinaris), Brinjal (Solanum melongena), Cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata), Cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis), Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) , Onion (Allium cepa L.), Tomato (Solanum lycopersicun) , Potato (Solanum tuberosum) , Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas), Chilly (Capsicum annum), Garlic (Allium sativum), Cucumber (Cucumis sativus) and Melons (Cucumis melo), Radish (Raphanus sativus), Carrot (Dacus carota subsp. sativus), Turnip (Brassica rapa subsp rapa), Apple (Melus domestica), Banana (Musa spp.), Citrus groups (Citrus spp.), Grape (Vitis vinifera), Guava (Psidium guajava), Litchi (Litchi chinensis), Mango (Mangifera indica), Papaya (Carica papaya), Pineapple (Ananas comosus), Pomegranate (Punica granatum) , Sapota (Manilkara zapota), Tea (Camellia sinensis), Coffea (Coffea Arabica), Turmeric (Curcuma longa), Ginger (Zingiber officinale), Cumin (Cuminum cyminum), Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum), Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare), Coriander (Coriandrum sativum), Ajwain (Trachyspermum ammi), Psyllium (Plantago ovate), Black Pepper (Piper nigrum), Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana), Safed musli (Chlorophytum tuberosum), Drum stick (Moringa oleifera), Coconut (Coco nucifera), Mentha ( Mentha spp.), Rose (Rosa spp.), Jasmine (Jasminum spp.), Marigold ( Tagetes spp.), Common daisy (Bellis perennis), Dahlia (Dahlia hortnesis).

As per one embodiment, the present formulation preferably is active against normally sensitive and resistant species and against all or some stages of development and the insects including insects-pests belongs to the order Hemiptera, for example, various species of Mealybug (Paracoccus marginatus, Phenococcus aceris, Phenacoccus solenopsis, Phenacoccus citri, Planococcus citri, Maconellicoccus hirsutus, Pseudococcus hirsutus, Saccharicoccus sacchari etc.) infesting cotton, sugarcane, grape, papaya, pomegranate, apple, citrus,custard apple, banana, ornamental plant etc., Scale insects (Aonidiella auruntii, Ceroplastes sinensis, Saissetia oleae etc) infesting citrus, apple, grape and other horticultural crops and forest trees, bean aphid (Aphis fabae), black citrus aphid (Toxoptera aurantii), cabbage aphid (Brevicoryne brassicae, Lipaphis erysimi), corn leaf aphid (Rhopalosiphum maidis), cotton aphid (Aphis gossypii), cotton leaf hoppers (Amrasca biguttula biguttula), cotton stainer (Dysdercus suturellus), cotton whitefly (Bemisia tabaci), cowpea aphid (Aphis crassivora), grain aphid (Sitobion avenae), safflower aphid (Uroleucon spp.), green peach aphid (Myzus persicae), greenhouse whitefly (Trialeurodes vaporariorum)spp., pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum), potato aphid (Myzus persicae), potato leaf hopper (Empoasca fabae), rice leafhopper (Nephotettix nigropictus), rice brown plant hopper (Nilaparvata lugen), tarnished plant bug (Lygus lineolaris), wooly apple aphid (Eriosoma lanigerum), tea mosquito bug (Helopeltis theivora), order Lepidoptera, army worm (Mythimna unipuncta), asiatic rice borer (Chilo suppressalis), maize stem borer (Chilo partellus), bean pod borer (Maruca vitrata), beet armyworm (Spodoptera exigua), black cutworm (Agrotis ipsilon), American bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera),cabbage looper (Trichoplusia ni), codling moth (Cydia pomonella), croton caterpillar (Achea janata), diamond backmoth (Plutella xylostella), cabbage worm (Pieris rapae), pink bollworm (Pectinophora gossypiella), sugarcane borer (Diatraea saccharalis), tobacco budworm (Heliothis virescens), tomato fruitworm (Helicoverpa zea), velvet bean caterpillar (Anticarsia gemmatalis), yellow stem borer (SCirpophaga incertulas), spotted bollworm (Earias vittella), rice leaffolder (Cnaphalocrocis medinalis), pink stem borer (Sesamia spp.), tobacco leafeating caterpillar (Spodoptera litura), tea looper (Biston supressaria) ; from the order Coleoptera, for example, apple twig borer (Amphicerus spp.), corn root worm (Diabrotica virgifera), cucumber beetle (diabrotica balteata), boll weevil (Anthonomus grandis), grape flea beetle (Altica chalybea), grape root worm (Fidia viticola), grape trunk borer (Clytoleptus albofasciatus), radish flea beetle (Phyllotreta armoraciae), maize weevil (Sitophilus zeamais), northern corn rootworm (Diabrotica barberi), rice water weevil (Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus; from the order Orthoptera, for example, Gryllotalpa spp., Locusta spp., and Schistocerca is spp.; from the order Thysanoptera, for example, Anaphothrips obscurus, Baliothrips biformis, Drepanothrips reuteri, Enneothrips flavens, Frankliniella spp., Heliothripsspp., Hercinothrips femoralis, Rhipiphorothrips cruentatus, Scirtothrips spp., Taeniothrips cardamomi, Frankliniella spp., Thrips palmi, Thrips tabaci and Scirtothrips dorsalis; from the order Heteroptera, for example, Dysdercus spp., Leptocorisa spp., from the order Hymenoptera, for example, Solenopsis spp. ; from the order Diptera, for example, Atherigona soccata, Atherigona orientalis, Dacus spp., Liriomyza spp., Melanagromyza spp., from the order Acarina, for example, Aceria mangiferae, Brevipalpus spp., Eriophyes spp., Oligonychus mangiferus, Oligonychus punicae, Panonychus citri, Panonychus ulmi, Polyphagotarsonemus latus, Tarsonemus spp., Tetranychus urticae, Tetranychus cinnabarinus.

The formulation of the present invention in addition to Afidopyropen and one more insecticide selected from Diafenthiuron, Pyriproxyfen, Tolfenpyrad and Acephate further comprises inactive excipients including but not limited to dispersant, anti freezing agent, anti-foam agent, wetting agent, suspension aid, anti-microbial agent, thickener, quick coating agent or sticking agents (also referred to as “stickers” or “binders”) and buffering agent.

A dispersant is a substance which adsorbs onto the surface of particles and helps to preserve the state of dispersion of the particles and prevents them from re-aggregating. Dispersants are added to agrochemical formulations to facilitate dispersion and suspension during manufacture, and to ensure the particles re-disperse into water in a spray tank. They are widely used in wettable powders, suspension concentrates and water-dispersible granules. Surfactants that are used as dispersants have the ability to adsorb strongly onto a particle surface and provide a charged or steric barrier to re-aggregation of particles. The most commonly used surfactants are anionic, non-ionic, or mixtures of the two types. For wettable powder formulations, the most common dispersants are sodium lignosulphonates. For suspension concentrates, very good adsorption and stabilization are obtained using polyelectrolytes, such as sodium naphthalene sulphonate formaldehyde condensates. Tristyrylphenol ethoxylate phosphate esters are also used. Non-ionics such as alkylarylethylene oxide condensates and EO-PO block copolymers are sometimes combined with anionics as dispersants for suspension concentrates. In recent years, new types of very high molecular weight polymeric surfactants have been developed as dispersants. These have very long hydrophobic ‘backbones’ and a large number of ethylene oxide chains forming the ‘teeth’ of a ‘comb’ surfactant. These high molecular weight polymers can give very good long-term stability to suspension concentrates because the hydrophobic backbones have many anchoring points onto the particle surfaces. Examples of dispersants used herein include but not limited to sodium lignosulphonates; sodium naphthalene sulphonate formaldehyde condensates; tristyrylphenol ethoxylate phosphate esters; aliphatic alcohol ethoxylates; alky ethoxylates; EO-PO block copolymers; and graft copolymers or mixtures thereof.

Anti freezing agent as used herein can be selected from the group comprising of polyethylene glycols, methoxypolyethylene glycols, polypropylene glycols, polybutylene glycols, glycerin and ethylene glycol or mixtures thereof.

Water-based formulations often cause foam during mixing operations in production. In order to reduce the tendency to foam, anti-foam agents are often added either during the production stage or before filling into bottles. Generally, there are two types of anti-foam agents, namely silicones and non-silicones. Silicones are usually aqueous emulsions of dimethyl polysiloxane while the non-silicone anti-foam agents are water-insoluble oils, such as octanol and nonanol, or silica. In both cases, the function of the anti-foam agent is to displace the surfactant from the air-water interface.

A wetting agent is a substance that when added to a liquid increases the spreading or penetration power of the liquid by reducing the interfacial tension between the liquid and the surface on which it is spreading. Wetting agents are used for two main functions in agrochemical formulations: during processing and manufacture to increase the rate of wetting of powders in water to make concentrates for soluble liquids or suspension concentrates; and during mixing of a product with water in a spray tank or other vessel to reduce the wetting time of wettable powders and to improve the penetration of water into water-dispersible granules. Examples of wetting agents used in wettable powder, suspension concentrate, and water-dispersible granule formulations include but not limited to sodium lauryl sulphate; sodium dioctyl sulphosuccinate; alkyl phenol ethoxylates; and aliphatic alcohol ethoxylates or mixtures thereof.

Suspension aid in the present description denotes a natural or synthetic, organic or inorganic material with which the active substance is combined in order to facilitate its application to the plant, to the seeds or to the soil. This carrier is hence generally inert, and it must be agriculturally acceptable, in particular to the plant being treated. The carrier may be solid (clays, natural or synthetic silicates, silica, resins, waxes, solid fertilizers, and the like or mixtures thereof) or liquid (water, alcohols, ketones, petroleum fractions, aromatic or paraffinic hydrocarbons, chlorinated hydrocarbons, liquefied gases, and the like or mixtures thereof).

Biocides / Microorganisms cause spoilage of formulated products. Therefore anti-microbial agents are used to eliminate or reduce their effect. Examples of such agents include, but are not limited to: propionic acid and its sodium salt; sorbic acid and its sodium or potassium salts; benzoic acid and its sodium salt; p-hydroxy benzoic acid sodium salt; methyl p-hydroxy benzoate; and biocide such as sodium benzoate, 1,2-benzisothiazoline-3-one, 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, potassium sorbate, parahydroxy benzoates or mixtures thereof.

Thickeners or gelling agents are used mainly in the formulation of suspension concentrates, emulsions and suspoemulsions to modify the rheology or flow properties of the liquid and to prevent separation and settling of the dispersed particles or droplets. Thickening, gelling, and anti-settling agents generally fall into two categories, namely water-insoluble particulates and water-soluble polymers. It is possible to produce suspension concentrate formulations using clays and silicas. Examples of these types of materials, include, but are limited to, montmorillonite, e.g. bentonite; magnesium aluminum silicate; and attapulgite. Water-soluble polysaccharides have been used as thickening-gelling agents for many years. The types of polysaccharides most commonly used are natural extracts of seeds and seaweeds are synthetic derivatives of cellulose or mixtures thereof. Examples of these types of materials include, but are not limited to, guar gum; locust bean gum; carrageenam; xanthan gum; alginates; methyl cellulose; sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (SCMC); hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) or mixtures thereof. Other types of anti-settling agents are based on modified starches, polyacrylates, polyvinyl alcohol and polyethylene oxide or mixtures thereof.

The quick coating agent can be a conventionally available sticker, for example polyesters, polyamides, poly- carbonates, polyurea and polyurethanes, acrylate polymers and copolymers, styrene copolymers, butadiene copolymers, polsaccharides such as starch and cellulose derivatives, vinylal- cohol, vinylacetate and vinylpyrrolidone polymers and copolymers, polyethers, epoxy, phenolic and melamine resins, polyolefins and define copolymers and mixtures thereof. Examples of preferred polymers are acrylate polymers such as poly(methacrylate), poly( ethyl methacrylate ), poly(methylmethacrylate), acrylate copoylmers and styrene-acrylic copolymers as defined herein below , poly(styrene-co maleic anhydride), cellulosic polymers such as ethyl cellulose, cellulose acetate, cellulose acetatebutyrate, acetylated mono-, di-, and triglycerides, poly(vinylpyrrolidone), vinyl acetate polymers and copolymers, poly(alkylene glycol), styrene butadiene copolymers, poly(orthoesters), alkyd resins, and mixtures of two or more of these. Polymers that are biodegradable are also useful in the present invention. As used herein, a polymer is biodegradable if is not water soluble, but is degraded over a period of several weeks when placed in an application environment. Examples of biodegradable polymers that are useful in the present method include biodegradable polyesters, starch, polylactic acid -starch blends, polylactic acid, poly(lactic acid-glycolic acid) copolymers, polydioxanone, cellulose es- ters, ethyl cellulose, cellulose acetate butyrate, starch esters, starch ester - aliphatic polyester blends, modified corn starch, polycaprolactone, poly(n-amylmethacrylate), wood rosin, polyan- hydrides, polyvinylalcohol, polyhydroxybutyrate-valerate, biodegradable aliphatic polyesters, and polyhydroxybutyrate or mixtures thereof.

Buffering agent as used herein is selected from group consisting of calcium hydroxyapatite, Potassium Dihydrogen Phosphate, Sodium Hydroxide, carbonated apatite, calcium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, tricalcium phosphate, calcium phosphates, carbonated calcium phosphates, amine monomers, lactate dehydrogenase, magnesium hydroxide or mixtures thereof.

The solvent for the formulation of the present invention may include water, water-soluble alcohols and dihydroxy alcohol ethers. The water-soluble alcohol which can be used in the present invention may be lower alcohols or water-soluble macromolecular alcohols. The term "lower alcohol", as used herein, represents an alcohol having 1-4 carbon atoms, such as methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, tert-butanol, etc. Macromolecular alcohol is not limited, as long as it may be dissolved in water in a suitable amount range, e.g., polyethylene glycol, sorbitol, glucitol, etc. The examples of suitable dihydroxy alcohol ethers used in the present invention may be dihydroxy alcohol alkyl ethers or dihydroxy alcohol aryl ethers. The examples of dihydroxy alcohol alkyl ether include ethylene glycol methyl ether, diethylene glycol methyl ether, propylene glycol methyl ether, dipropylene glycol methyl ether, ethylene glycol ethyl ether, diethylene glycol ethyl ether, propylene glycol ethyl ether, dipropylene glycol ethyl ether, etc. The examples of dihydroxy alcohol aryl ethers include ethylene glycol phenyl ether, diethylene glycol phenyl ether, propylene glycol phenyl ether, dipropylene glycol phenyl ether, and the like. Any of the above mentioned solvent can be used either alone or in combination thereof.

As per one of the embodiment of the present invention, the preferred excipients list for specific formulations are as provided below;

Inactive excipients used in SC (Suspension Concentrate) formulation :
Excipients Function
Acrylic graft copolymer Dispersing agent
Alkylated naphthalene sulfonate, sodium salt Dispersing agent
Sodium salt of naphthalene sulfonate condensate Dispersing agent
Sodium ligno sulfonate Dispersing agent
Polyalkoxy alkyl ether Dispersing agent, Emulsifier
Ethylene oxide/propylene oxide block copolymer Dispersing agent, Emulsifier
Polyarylphenyl ether phosphate Dispersing agent & Wetting agent
Ethoxylated Fatty Alcohol Disperging agent & Wetting agent
Trisiloxane ethoxylate Wetting agent & Spreader
Sodium dioctyl sulfosuccinate Wetting agent & Emulsifier
Silicone antifoam emulsion Antifoam
Polysaccharide Rheology Modifier,Thickner
Glycol (Monoethylene glycol, Diethylene glycol, Polypropylene glycol, Polyethylene glycol) Antifreezing Agent
Glycerene Antifreezing Agent
1,2-benzisothiazolin-3(2H)-one, sodium salt Biocide/Preservative
Sodium benzoate Biocide/Preservative
2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol Biocide/Preservative
Formaldehyde Biocide/Preservative
Sodium o-phenylphenate Biocide/Preservative
5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one & 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one Preservative
Aluminum Magnesium Silicate Suspending aid
Silicone dioxide Suspending aid, Anticaking agent
Polydimethyl siloxane Antifoaming agent
Organo modified Trisiloxane Spreader
Poly glycerol ester Sticker, Penetrant
Poly ether Deposition aid

Inactive excipients used in WG (Wettable Granules/ Water Dispersible Granules) formulation
Excipients Function
Sodium salt of naphthalene sulfonate condensate Dispersing Agent
Modified polyacrylate copolymer Dispersing Agent
Sodium polycarboxylate Dispersing Agent
Sodium Ligno sulfonate Dispersing Agent
Alkyl naphthalene sulfonate condensate, sodium salt Dispersing Agent
Polyacrylate co-polymer Dispersing Agent, Stabilizer, Emulsifier
Alcohol block co-polymer Co-dispersant
Blend of naphthalene sulfonate condensate & phenol sulfonate condensate Wetting Agent & Dispersing Agent
blend of naphthalene sulfonate condensate Wetting Agent
Sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate Wetting Agent
Sodium lauryl sulfate Wetting Agent
Blend of alkyl naphthalene sulfonate and anionic wetting agent Wetting Agent
Sodium n-butyl naphthalene sulfonate Wetting Agent
Sodium isopropyl naphthalene sulfonate Wetting Agent
Blend of sodium alkyl aryl sulfonates Wetting Agent
Corn starch Binder, Filler
Silicon dioxide Suspending agent, Anti-caking Agent, Filler
Urea formaldehyde resin / Urea-methanol Anti caking agent
Lactose Filler
China clay/ Kaolin Filler
Titanium dioxide Filler
Talcum powder Filler
Diatomaceous earth Filler
Polyvinylpyrrolidone Binder
Silicone antifoam emulsion Defoaming agent
Fatty amine ethoxylate Wetting agent, Dispersing agent, Stabilizers, Sanitizers, Defoaming agent

Inactive excipients used in WP (Wettable Powder) formulation
Excipients Function
Sodium salt of naphthalene sulfonate condensate Dispersing Agent
blend of naphthalene sulfonate condensate Wetting Agent
Sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate Wetting Agent
Blend of naphthalene sulfonate condensate & phenol sulfonate condensate Wetting Agent & Dispersing Agent
Sodium lauryl sulfate Wetting Agent
Corn starch Binder, Filler
Lactose Filler
Polyvinylpyrrolidone Binder
Modified polyacrylate copolymer Dispersing Agent
Sodium polycarboxylate Dispersing Agent
Sodium Ligno sulfonate Dispersing Agent
China clay/ Kaolin Filler
Silicone antifoam emulsion Defoamer
Silicon dioxide Suspending agent, Anti-caking Agent, Filler
Titanium dioxide Filler
Talcum powder Filler
Urea formaldehyde resin / Urea-methanol Anti caking agent
Diatomaceous earth Filler
Blend of alkyl naphthalene sulfonate and anionic wetting agent Wetting Agent
Sodium n-butyl naphthalene sulfonate Wetting Agent
Sodium isopropyl naphthalene sulfonate Wetting Agent
Blend of sodium alkyl aryl sulfonates Wetting Agent
Alkyl naphthalene sulfonate condensate, sodium salt Dispersing Agent
Polyacrylate co-polymer Dispersing Agent

Inactive excipients used in OD (Oil Dispersion) formulation
Excipients Function
N,N-Dimethyldecanamide Solvent
Unsaturated Fatty alcohol, Ethoxylated Non Ionic Emulsifier
Calcium Alkyl Benzen Sulphonate Anionic Emulsifier
Ethoxylated TristyrylPhenol Dispersing Agent,Emulsifier
2-Pyrrolidinone, 1-ethenylhexadecyl-,homopolymer Emulsifier and anti-flocculant
Polyamide Rheology Modifier,Thickner
fatty acid methyl ester Green solvent & carrier
Trisiloxane ethoxylate Spreader & Wetting agent
Polyacrylate co-polymer Dispersing agent
Polyarylalkylphenol polyethylene glycol phosphoric acid ester Dispersing agent
Polyether phosphate Dispersing agent
Non ionic modified polyether Dispersing agent

Inactive excipients used in EC (Emulsifiable Concentrate) formulation
Excipients Function
Mixture of heavy aromatic hydrocarbons / C IX, Xylene, n-Butanol (NBA), Solvent - C-9, N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone Solvent
Polyaryl Phenol Ethoxylate Emulsifiers, Wetting agents, Dispersants, Stabilizers
Calcium Dodecyl Benzene Sulphonate, Blend of Polyaryl phenol ethoxylate & calcium dodecyl benzene sulfonate Emulsifier
Alkyl polyethylene glycol ether Spreader, Sticker, Penetrant, Surface tension reducer
Polyvinylpyrrolidone Sticker, Surface tension reducer, Binder

EXAMPLES

Example 1 : Afidopyropen 5%+Acephate 70% WP
Chemical Composition Percent (% w/w)
Afidopyropen a.i. 5.0
Acephate a.i. 70.0
Alkylated naphthalene sulfonate, sodium salt 5.0
Sodium lauryl sulfate 2.0
Silicone antifoam 0.5
Precipitated silica 8.0
China Clay QS
TOTAL 100.0

Procedure:
Manufacturing process of Wettable Powder :
Step 1 Charge the required quantity of filler, wetting agent, dispersing agent, and suspending agent, & technical in premixing blender for homogenization for 30 minutes.
Step 2 Pre-blended material is then grinded through Jet mill/ air classifier mills. Finely grinded material is blended in post blender till it becomes homogeneous. (for approx 1.5 hr)
Step 3 Finely grinded powder is mixed with required quantity of water to form extrudable dough.
Step 4 Dough is passed through extruder to get granules of required size.
Step 5 Wet granules are passed through Fluidized bed drier and further graded using vibrating screens.
Step 6 Final product is sent for QC approval.
Step 7 After approval material is packed in required pack sizes.

Storage stability study-Afidopyropen 5%+Acephate 70% WP
Parameters Specification (In house) Initial Stability (for 14 days)
At 54±2 0C At 0±2 0C
Description White colour free flowable powder Complies Complies Complies
Afidopyropen content percent by mass 4.75 to 5.5 5.15 5.12 5.15
Acephate content percent by mass 66.5 to 73.5 70.29 70.17 70.28
Afidopyropen suspensibility percent min. 70 96.05 95.16 96.02
Acephate suspensibility percent min. 70 99.30 99.01 99.10
pH range (1% aq. Suspension) 5.5 to7.5 7.10 7.05 7.10
Wettability sec. max. 60 12 13 12
Wet Sieve(45 micron ) percent by mass min. 98.5 99.6 99.4 99.5
Bulk density (g/ml) 0.45 to 0.75 0.49 0.49 0.49
Moisture content percent by mass max. Max. 2.0% 1.2 0.6 1

Room temperature storage data
Parameters Specification (In house) Study Duration
1 month 6 month 12 months
Description White colour free flowable powder Complies Complies Complies
Afidopyropen content percent by mass 4.75 to 5.5 5.15 5.14 5.12
Acephate content percent by mass 66.5 to 73.5 70.28 70.26 70.21
Afidopyropen suspensibility percent min. 70 95.80 95.71 95.65
Acephate suspensibility percent min. 70 99.30 99.25 99.21
pH range (1% aq. Suspension) 5.5 to7.5 7.10 7.10 7.08
Wettability sec. max. 60 12 12 13
Wet Sieve(45 micron ) percent by mass min. 98.5 99.6 99.5 99.5
Bulk density (g/ml) 0.45 to 0.75 0.49 0.49 0.49
Moisture content percent by mass max. Max. 2.0% 1.2 1.1 1

Example 2 : Afidopyropen 5%+ Bifenthrin 7.5% SC
Chemical Composition Percent (% w/w)
Afidopyropen a.i. 5.0
Bifenthrin a.i. 7.5
Ethoxylated Fatty Alcohol 2.0
Acrylic graft copolymer 3.0
Alkylated naphtalene sulfonate, sodium salt 0.5
Silicone antifoam 0.5
1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one 0.20
Mono Ethylene Glycol 5.0
Polysaccharides 0.15
Trisiloxane ethoxylate 2.0
Water QS
TOTAL 100.0

Procedure:
Manufacturing process of Suspension Concentrate (SC) :
Step 1 Gum Solution should be made 12-18 hour prior to use. Take required quantity of water, biocide, and defoamer and homogenise, then slowly add gum powder to it and stir till complete dissolution.
Step 2 Charge required quantity of DM water need to be taken in designated vessel for Suspension concentrate production.
Step 3 Add required quantity of Wetting agent,antifreeze,dispersing agent & suspending agents and homogenise the contents for 45 – 60 minutes using high shear homogeniser.
Step 4 Then add technical and other remaining adjuvants excluding ‘thickener’ are added to it and homogenised to get uniform slurry ready for grinding.
Step 5 Before grinding half the quantity of antifoam was added and then material was subjected to grinding in Dyno mill till desired particle size is achieved.
Step 6 Half quantity of the antifoam was added after grinding process completes and before sampling for in process analysis.
Step 7 Finally add gum solution to this formulation and send to QC for quality check.

Storage stability study- Afidopyropen 5%+ Bifenthrin 7.5% SC
Parameters Specification (In house) Initial Stability (for 14 days)
At 54±2 0C At 0±2 0C
Description White colour flowable liquid Complies Complies Complies
Afidopyropen content percent by mass 4.75 to 5.5 5.30 5.21 5.29
Bifenthrin content percent by mass 7.13 to 8.25 7.54 7.51 7.53
Afidopyropen suspensibility percent mini. 80 95.95 94.10 95.80
Bifenthrin suspensibility percent mini. 80 97.70 95.80 96.95
pH range (1% aq. Suspension) 5.5 to7.5 7.15 7.13 7.15
Pourability 95 % min 98.50 97.70 97.60
Specific gravity 1.05 – 1.15 1.06 1.06 1.06
Viscosity at spindle no.62, 20 rpm 350 -800 cps 490 493 496
Particle size (micron) D50 <3, D90 <10 2.2, 7.9 2.4, 8.3 2.7, 8.5
Persistent foam ml (after 1 minute) max. 60 3 8 5

Room temperature storage data
Parameters Specification (In house) Study Duration
1 month 6 month 12 months
Description White colour flowable liquid Complies Complies Complies
Afidopyropen content percent by mass 4.75 to 5.5 5.30 5.29 5.28
Bifenthrin content percent by mass 7.13 to 8.25 7.54 7..53 7.52
Afidopyropen suspensibility percent mini. 80 95.58 95.52 95.15
Bifenthrin suspensibility percent mini. 80 97.15 96.98 96.16
pH range (1% aq. Suspension) 5.5 to7.5 7.15 7.15 7.14
Pourability 95 % min 98.50 98.40 97.20
Specific gravity 1.05 – 1.15 1.06 1.06 1.06
Viscosity at spindle no.62, 20 rpm 350 -800 cps 490 491 493
Particle size (micron) D50 <3, D90 <10 2.2, 7.9 2.2, 8.0 2.3, 8.1
Persistent foam ml (after 1 minute) max. 60 3 3 5

Example 3 : Afidopyropen 5% + Diafenthiuron 30% SC
Chemical Composition Percent (% w/w)
Afidopyropen a.i. 5.0
Difenthiuron a.i. 30.0
Ethoxylated Fatty Alcohol 2.0
Acrylic graft copolymer 3.0
Alkylated naphtalene sulfonate, sodium salt 0.5
Silicone antifoam 0.5
1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one 0.20
Mono Ethylene Glycol 5.0
Polysaccharides 0.15
Trisiloxane ethoxylate 2.0
Water QS
TOTAL 100.0

Procedure:
Manufacturing process of Suspension Concentrate (SC) :
Step 1 Gum Solution should be made 12-18 hour prior to use. Take required quantity of water, biocide, and defoamer and homogenise, then slowly add gum powder to it and stir till complete dissolution.
Step 2 Charge required quantity of DM water need to be taken in designated vessel for Suspension concentrate production.
Step 3 Add required quantity of Wetting agent,antifreeze,dispersing agent & suspending agents and homogenise the contents for 45 – 60 minutes using high shear homogeniser.
Step 4 Then add technical and other remaining adjuvants excluding ‘thickener’ are added to it and homogenised to get uniform slurry ready for grinding.
Step 5 Before grinding half the quantity of antifoam was added and then material was subjected to grinding in Dyno mill till desired particle size is achieved.
Step 6 Half quantity of the antifoam was added after grinding process completes and before sampling for in process analysis.
Step 7 Finally add gum solution to this formulation and send to QC for quality check.

Storage stability-Afidopyropen 5% + Diafenthiuron 30% SC
Parameters Specification (In house) Initial Stability (for 14 days)
At 54±2 0C At 0±2 0C
Description White colour flowable liquid Complies Complies Complies
Afidopyropen content percent by mass 4.75 to 5.5 5.11 5.02 5.11
Diafenthiuron content percent by mass 28.5 to 31.5 30.85 30.71 30.82
Afidopyropen suspensibility percent mini. 80 98.79 97.02 98.68
Diafenthiuron suspensibility percent mini. 80 97.09 95.75 96.55
pH range (1% aq. Suspension) 5.5 to7.5 7.05 7.03 7.05
Pourability 95 % min 98.50 97.70 97.60
Specific gravity 1.05 – 1.15 1.08 1.08 1.08
Viscosity at spindle no.62, 20 rpm 350 -800 cps 510 515 525
Particle size (micron) D50 <3, D90 <10 2.1, 7.9 2.4, 8.3 2.7, 8.5
Persistent foam ml (after 1 minute) max. 60 2 5 2

Room temperature storage data
Parameters Specification (In house) Study Duration
1 month 6 month 12 months
Description White colour flowable liquid Complies Complies Complies
Afidopyropen content percent by mass 4.75 to 5.5 5.11 5.10 5.08
Diafenthiuron content percent by mass 28.5 to 31.5 30.84 30.83 30.81
Afidopyropen suspensibility percent mini. 80 98.72 98.68 98.61
Diafenthiuron suspensibility percent mini. 80 97.05 96.50 96.45
pH range (1% aq. Suspension) 5.5 to7.5 7.05 7.05 7.04
Pourability 95 % min 98.50 98.40 97.20
Specific gravity 1.05 – 1.15 1.08 1.08 1.08
Viscosity at spindle no.62, 20 rpm 350 -800 cps 510 512 514
Particle size (micron) D50 <3, D90 <10 2.1, 7.9 2.1, 8.1 2.2, 8.2
Persistent foam ml (after 1 minute) max. 60 2 2 3

Example 4: Afidopyropen 6.67%+Pyriproxyfen 13.33% SE (Suspo Emulsion)
Chemical Composition Percent (% w/w)
Afidopyropen a.i. 6.67
Pyriproxyfen a.i. 13.33
Octyl phenol ethoxylate 10.00
Polyarylphenyl ether sulphate ammonium salt 1.10
Polyalkoxylated butyl ether 2.50
Ethoxylated polyarylphenol 1.50
Mono Ethylene Glycol 5.00
Acrylic copolymer 0.50
Silicone antifoam emulsion 0.20
Aluminium magnesium silicate 0.50
Silicon dioxide 0.50
1, 2- benzisothiazolin-3-one 0.20
Polysaccharides 0.08
Water QS
TOTAL 100.00

Procedure:
Step 1 Manufacturing process of SE (Suspo Emulsion) :
Step 2 Gum Solution should be made 12-18 hour prior to use. Take required quantity of water, biocide, and defoamer and homogenise, then slowly add gum powder to it and stir till complete dissolution.
Step 3 Oil Phase : Technical disolved in solvent and emulsifier.
Step 4 Aqueous phase: Charge 90% of total quanitiy of water in a vessel and then add preservative and MEG and stirr well.
Step 5 Add required quantity of Wetting agent, dispersing agent & suspending agents and homogenise the contents for 45 – 60 minutes using high shear homogeniser.
Step 6 Then add technical and other remaining adjuvants excluding ‘antifreeze & thickeners’ are added to it and homogenised to get uniform.
Step 6 Now add oil phase in aqueous phase and stirr for 30 minutes using homogeniser.
Step 7 Before grinding of step no. 6, half quantity of antifoam was added and then material was subjected to three cycles of grinding in bead mill.
Step 8 Half quantity of the antifoam was added along with antifreeze after grinding process completes and before sampling for in process analysis.
Finally add gum solution to this formulation and Send to QC for quality check.

Storage stability study-Afidopyropen 6.67%+Pyriproxyfen 13.33% SE (Suspo Emulsion)
Parameters Specification (Inhouse) Initial Stability (for 14 days)
At 54±2 0C At 0±2 0C
Description White colour flowable liquid Complies Complies Complies
Afidopyropen content percent by mass 6.34 to 7.34 6.85 6.71 6.85
Pyriproxyfen content percent by mass 12.66 to 14.00 13.53 13.49 13.51
Afidopyropen suspensibility percent mini. 80 97.86 97.01 97.56
Pyriproxyfen suspensibility percent mini. 80 98.75 97.59 98.62
pH range (1% aq. Suspension) 5.5 to7.5 7.02 6.98 7.02
Pourability 95 % min 98.30 97.50 97.10
Specific gravity 1.05 – 1.15 1.06 1.07 1.06
Viscosity at spindle no.62, 20 rpm 350 -800 cps 470 475 485
Particle size (micron) D50 <3, D90 <10 2.1, 7.9 2.4, 8.5 2.7, 8.3
Persistant foam ml (after 1 minute) max. 60 5 5 5

Room temperature storage data
Parameters Specification (Inhouse) Study Duration
1 month 6 month 12 months
Description White colour flowable liquid Complies Complies Complies
Afidopyropen content percent by mass 6.34 to 7.34 6.85 6.83 6.81
Pyriproxyfen content percent by mass 12.66 to 14.00 13.53 13.52 13.51
Afidopyropen suspensibility percent mini. 80 97.72 97.68 97.61
Pyriproxyfen suspensibility percent mini. 80 98.65 98.61 97.92
pH range (1% aq. Suspension) 5.5 to7.5 7.02 7.01 6.99
Pourability 95 % min 98.30 98.15 97.90
Specific gravity 1.05 – 1.15 1.06 1.06 1.07
Viscosity at spindle no.62, 20 rpm 350 -800 cps 470 471 473
Particle size (micron) D50 <3, D90 <10 2.1,7.9 2.1, 8.0 2.3, 8.1
Persistant foam ml (after 1 minute) max. 60 5 5 5

Example :
Preferred Formulation:
Active Ingredient 1 Active Ingredient 2 A.I. (%) in formulation Formulation Strength (%) Preferred formulation type Formulation per Hectare (ml) g.a.i/h
A.I. 1 A.I. 2 A. I. 1 A. I. 2
Afidopyropen Acephate 2 25 27 OD 2500 50 625
Afidopyropen Acephate 5 70 75 WP 1000 50 700
Afidopyropen Acephate 5 70 75 WG 1000 50 700
Afidopyropen Bifenthrin 5 7.5 12.5 SC 1000 50 75
Afidopyropen Bifenthrin 5 7.5 12.5 WP 1000 50 75
Afidopyropen Bifenthrin 5 7.5 12.5 ZC 1000 50 75
Afidopyropen Diafenthiuron 5 30 35 SC 1000 50 300
Afidopyropen Diafenthiuron 6.67 40 46.67 WP 750 50 300
Afidopyropen Diafenthiuron 6.67 40 46.67 WG 750 50 300
Afidopyropen Pyriproxyfen 6.67 13.33 20 SC 750 50 100
Afidopyropen Pyriproxyfen 6.67 13.33 20 SE 750 50 100
Afidopyropen Pyriproxyfen 10 20 30 WP 500 50 100
Afidopyropen Tolfenpyrad 5 15 20 SC 1000 50 150
Afidopyropen Tolfenpyrad 10 30 40 WG 500 50 150
Afidopyropen Tolfenpyrad 10 30 40 WP 500 50 150

Example 5 :
Example Bio efficacy trials
The synergistic pesticide action of the inventive mixtures can be demonstrated by the experiments below. A synergistic effect exists wherever the action of a combination (ready-mix) or tank mix of active ingredient is greater than the sum of the action of each of the components alone. Therefore a synergistically effective amount or an effective amount of a synergistic composition or combination is an amount that exhibits greater pesticide activity than the sum of the pesticide activities of the individual components. In the field of agriculture, it is often understood that the term “synergy” is as defined by Colby S.R. in an article entitled “ Calculation of the synergistic and antagonistic responses of herbicide combinations” published in the journal Weeds, 1967, 15, p.20-22, incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. The action expected for a given combination of two active components can be calculated as follows:
Colby’s Formula:

To study the synergistic effect of Afidopyropen + Bifenthrin, Afidopyropen + Diafenthiuron, Afidopyropen + Pyriproxyfen, and Afidopyropen + Tolfenpyrad, various sets of experiments were conducted in cotton crop.
Trial 1
The objective of the present study was to study the synergism between Afidopyropen+Acephate, Afidopyropen+Bifenthrin, Afidopyropen+Diafenthiuron, Afidopyropen+Pyriproxyfen, and Afidopyropen+Tolfenpyrad, Afidopyropen and Bifenthrin.
Details of Experiment:
a) Experiment design : Randomized Block Design
b) Replication : Three
c) Treatments : Ten including untreated check
d) Plot size : 25 sq.m.
e) Spacing : 90 cm x 45 cm
f) Test Crop & Variety : Cotton, VCH 5
g) Time of application : After Jassid infestation.
h) Spray method : Manually operated knap sack sprayer, using 500 liter
per hectare Water volume

Evaluation Method : The observation was recorded by counting the no. of insects per leaf. Record observations from 3 leaves per plant and 5 plants per plot. The percent insect control was worked out by below formula:

Number of live insect in treated plot
% Insect Control = 100 - ----------------------------------------------------- X 100
Number of live insects in untreated plot

Table 1: Synergistic action against Cotton Leaf hopper (Jassid), Amrasca biguttula biguttula
Treatments % Control, Jassid
Observed
Value Calculated Value Ratio
Afidopyropen 10% DC+Bifenthrin 10% EC, 1 ml+1.5 ml/l 98.16 72.40 1.36
Afidopyropen 10% DC+Diafenthiuron 50% WP, 1 ml+1.2 g/l 92.74 68.88 1.35
Afidopyropen 10% DC+Pyriproxyfen 10% EC, 1 ml+2 ml/l 90.84 68.08 1.33
Afidopyropen 10% DC+Tolfenpyrad 15% EC, 1 ml+2 ml/l 95.62 79.03 1.21
Afidopyropen 10% DC, 1 ml/l 52.18
Bifenthrin 10% EC, 1.5 ml/l 42.28
Diafenthiuron 50% WP, 1.2 g/l 34.92
Pyriproxyfen 10% EC, 2 ml/l 33.26
Tolfenpyrad 15% EC, 2 ml/l 56.14
Untreated Check (UTC) 0.00

The synergistic activity of Afidopyropen+Bifenthrin, Afidopyropen+Diafenthiuron, Afidopyropen+Pyriproxyfen, and Afidopyropen+Tolfenpyrad provides excellent control of cotton Jassid compared to their individual application.

Trial 2
To study the residual control of Afidopyropen+Acephate, Afidopyropen+Bifenthrin, Afidopyropen+Diafenthiuron, Afidopyropen+Pyriproxyfen, and Afidopyropen+Tolfenpyrad against sucking insects infesting cotton crop.
Details of Experiment:
a) Experiment design : Randomized Block Design
b) Replication : Three
c) Treatments : Ten including untreated check
d) Plot size : 25 sq.m.
e) Spacing : 90 cm x 45 cm
f) Test Crop & Variety : Cotton, VCH 5
g) Time of application : After Jassid infestation.
h) Spray method : Manually operated knap sack sprayer, using 500 liter
per hectare Water volume

Evaluation Method : The observation was recorded on 1st, 5th, 10th, and 15th days after application (DAA) by counting the number of insects per leaf. Record the observations from 3 leaves per plant and 5 plants per plot. The percent insect control was worked out by below formula:

Number of live insect in treated plot
% Insect Control = 100 - ----------------------------------------------------- X 100
Number of live insects in untreated plot

Table 2: Treatment Details
Treatments details Formulation (g or ml/h) Rate (g.a.i/h)
T1 -Afidopyropen 5%+Acephate 70% WP 1000 50+700
T2 -Afidopyropen 5%+Bifenthrin 7.5% ZC 1000 50+750
T3 -Afidopyropen 5%+Diafenthiuron 30% SC 1000 50+300
T4 -Afidopyropen 6.67%+Pyriproxyfen 13.33% SE 750 50+100
T5 -Afidopyropen 5%+Tolfenpyrad 15% SC 1000 50+150
T6 -Afidopyropen 10% DC 933.33 700
T7 -Acephate 75% SP 525 393.75
T8 -Bifenthrin 10% EC 750 75
T9 -Diafenthiuron 50% WP 600 300
T10 -Pyriproxyfen 10% EC 1000 100
T11 -Tolfenpyrad 15% EC 1000 150
T12 -Untreated Check (UTC) 0 0

Where EC- Emulsifiable concentrate, SC Suspension Concentrate, ZC Zeon Concentrate, DC Dispersion Concentrate, and SP Soluble Powder
Table 3: Residual control of sucking insects in cotton crop
Treatments details % Sucking Insects Control
Jassid Thrips Whitefly
1 DAA 5 DAA 10 DAA 15 DAA 1 DAA 5 DAA 10 DAA 15 DAA 1 DAA 5 DAA 10 DAA 15 DAA
T1 96.38 91.26 86.42 80.64 96.64 92.82 84.80 78.64 93.82 86.62 79.54 70.82
T2 98.16 94.28 90.74 85.18 97.48 94.28 88.62 84.16 96.62 90.82 82.46 78.16
T3 95.28 90.12 84.42 78.82 97.46 93.62 86.62 82.26 98.72 92.18 88.72 84.36
T4 92.58 87.52 81.84 75.26 92.84 86.52 80.76 70.34 98.28 95.72 91.26 87.62
T5 98.28 95.18 92.84 90.62 98.72 95.16 90.52 87.62 94.72 82.64 76.68 70.42
T6 88.64 73.64 52.72 32.16 78.64 51.82 28.74 0.00 64.82 48.72 28.48 5.48
T7 80.46 66.64 26.72 0.00 70.64 46.28 16.84 0.00 50.82 20.74 0.00 0.00
T8 86.28 71.28 42.42 12.32 82.62 60.72 38.62 0.00 65.26 38.28 10.18 0.00
T9 78.62 51.62 26.36 0.00 62.38 32.64 10.32 0.00 86.62 70.86 52.16 22.84
T10 62.64 32.18 10.86 0.00 56.48 29.94 0.00 0.00 82.83 70.16 56.28 30.66
T11 90.62 82.16 70.27 56.38 88.27 66.38 52.18 18.82 78.62 61.82 40.18 8.62
T12 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Jassid Amrasca biguttula biguttula, Thrips Thrips tabaci, Whitefly Bemisia tabaci.
The experiment results shows that the innovative ready mix formulations of Afidopyropen+Acephate, Afidopyropen+Bifenthrin, Afidopyropen+Diafenthiuron, Afidopyropen+Pyriproxyfen, and Afidopyropen+Tolfenpyrad provides longer residual control of sucking insects Jassid, thrips and whitefly in cotton crop compared to all other prior art treatments. All innovative ready mix formulations are highly efficacious compare to all other prior art treatments.
,CLAIMS:We claim;
[CLAIM 1]. A synergistic insecticidal formulation comprising Afidopyropen and one more insecticide selected from Diafenthiuron, Pyriproxyfen, Tolfenpyrad and Acephate with one or more inactive excipient.

[CLAIM 2]. The synergistic insecticidal formulation as claimed in claim 1 wherein the ratio of Afidopyropen and one more insecticide selected from Diafenthiuron, Pyriproxyfen, Tolfenpyrad and Acephate is 1:50 to 10:1.

[CLAIM 3]. The synergistic insecticidal formulation as claimed in claim 1 or 2 wherein most preferred compositions are selected from:
a) Afidopyropen and Diafenthiuron;
b) Afidopyropen and Tolfenpyrad;
c) Afidopyropen and Pyriproxyfen;
d) Afidopyropen and Acephate

[CLAIM 4]. The synergistic insecticidal formulation as claimed in claim 1-3, wherein inactive excipients are selected from the group consisting of dispersant, anti-freezing agent, anti-foam agent, wetting agent, suspension aid, anti-microbial agent, thickener, quick coating agent or sticking agents and buffering agent.

[CLAIM 5]. The synergistic insecticidal formulation as claimed in claim 1-4, wherein the formulations comprises of formulations selected from a dustable powder (DP), a gel, a wettable powder (WP), a granule (GR) (such as an emulsifiable granule (EG) or more particularly a water-dispersible granule (WG)), a water-dispersible tablet (WT), an emulsifiable concentrate (EC), a micro- emulsifiable concentrate, an oil-in-water emulsion (EW), an oil flowable (e.g. a spreading oil (SO)), Foliar Spray (FS), an aqueous dispersion (e.g. aqueous suspension concentrate (SC)), an oily dispersion (OD), a suspo-emulsion (SE), a capsule suspension (CS), a soluble liquid, a water-soluble concentrate (with water or a water-miscible organic solvent as carrier), an impregnated polymer film, or jumbo formulation.

[CLAIM 6]. The synergistic insecticidal formulation as claimed in claim 5, wherein the preferable formulations are selected from wettable powder (WP), water-dispersible granule (WG), aqueous suspension concentrate (SC), an oily dispersion (OD), a suspo-emulsion (SE) and mixed formulation of CS and SC (ZC).

[CLAIM 7]. The synergistic insecticidal formulation as claimed in any of the preceding claims, wherein the said composition is to be used to manage or control insects in crops selected from Genetically modified Organism (GMO) and non GMO plants of Cotton (Gossypium spp.), Jute (Corchorus oliotorus), Paddy (Oryza sativa), Wheat (Triticum aestavum), Barley (Hordeum vulgare), Maize (Zea mays), Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), Ragi (Eleusine coracana), Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum), Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) , Sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris), Soybean (Glycine max), Peanut (Arachis hypogaea), Sunflower (Helianthus annuus) , Mustard (Brassica juncea), Rape seed (Brassica napus), Linseed (Linum usitatissimum), Sesame (Sesamum indicum), Castor (Ricinus communis), Green gram (Vigna radiate), Black gram (Vigna mungo), Chickpea (Cicer aritinum), Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata), Redgram (Cajanus cajan), Frenchbean (Phaseolus vulgaris), Indian bean (Lablab purpureus), Horse gram (Macrotyloma uniflorum), Field pea (Pisum sativum), Cluster bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba), Lentils (Lens culinaris), Brinjal (Solanum melongena), Cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata), Cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis), Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) , Onion (Allium cepa L.), Tomato (Solanum lycopersicun) , Potato (Solanum tuberosum) , Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas), Chilly (Capsicum annum), Garlic (Allium sativum), Cucumber (Cucumis sativus) and Melons (Cucumis melo), Radish (Raphanus sativus), Carrot (Dacus carota subsp. sativus), Turnip (Brassica rapa subsp rapa), Apple (Melus domestica), Banana (Musa spp.), Citrus groups (Citrus spp.), Grape (Vitis vinifera), Guava (Psidium guajava), Litchi (Litchi chinensis), Mango (Mangifera indica), Papaya (Carica papaya), Pineapple (Ananas comosus), Pomegranate (Punica granatum) , Sapota (Manilkara zapota), Tea (Camellia sinensis), Coffea (Coffea Arabica), Turmeric (Curcuma longa), Ginger (Zingiber officinale), Cumin (Cuminum cyminum), Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum), Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare), Coriander (Coriandrum sativum), Ajwain (Trachyspermum ammi), Psyllium (Plantago ovate), Black Pepper (Piper nigrum), Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana), Safed musli (Chlorophytum tuberosum), Drum stick (Moringa oleifera), Coconut (Coco nucifera), Mentha ( Mentha spp.), Rose (Rosa spp.), Jasmine (Jasminum spp.), Marigold ( Tagetes spp.), Common daisy (Bellis perennis), Dahlia (Dahlia hortnesis).

[CLAIM 8]. The synergistic insecticidal formulation as claimed in any of the preceding claims, wherein the said composition is active against normally sensitive and resistant species and against all or some stages of development and the insects including insects-pests belongs to the order Hemiptera, for example, various species of Mealybug (Paracoccus marginatus, Phenococcus aceris, Phenacoccus solenopsis, Phenacoccus citri, Planococcus citri, Maconellicoccus hirsutus, Pseudococcus hirsutus, Saccharicoccus sacchari etc.) infesting cotton, sugarcane, grape, papaya, pomegranate, apple, citrus,custard apple, banana, ornamental plant etc., Scale insects (Aonidiella auruntii, Ceroplastes sinensis, Saissetia oleae etc) infesting citrus, apple, grape and other horticultural crops and forest trees, bean aphid (Aphis fabae), black citrus aphid (Toxoptera aurantii), cabbage aphid (Brevicoryne brassicae, Lipaphis erysimi), corn leaf aphid (Rhopalosiphum maidis), cotton aphid (Aphis gossypii), cotton leaf hoppers (Amrasca biguttula biguttula), cotton stainer (Dysdercus suturellus), cotton whitefly (Bemisia tabaci), cowpea aphid (Aphis crassivora), grain aphid (Sitobion avenae), safflower aphid (Uroleucon spp.), green peach aphid (Myzus persicae), greenhouse whitefly (Trialeurodes vaporariorum)spp., pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum), potato aphid (Myzus persicae), potato leaf hopper (Empoasca fabae), rice leafhopper (Nephotettix nigropictus), rice brown plant hopper (Nilaparvata lugen), tarnished plant bug (Lygus lineolaris), wooly apple aphid (Eriosoma lanigerum), tea mosquito bug (Helopeltis theivora), order Lepidoptera, army worm (Mythimna unipuncta), asiatic rice borer (Chilo suppressalis), maize stem borer (Chilo partellus), bean pod borer (Maruca vitrata), beet armyworm (Spodoptera exigua), black cutworm (Agrotis ipsilon), American bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera),cabbage looper (Trichoplusia ni), codling moth (Cydia pomonella), croton caterpillar (Achea janata), diamond backmoth (Plutella xylostella), cabbage worm (Pieris rapae), pink bollworm (Pectinophora gossypiella), sugarcane borer (Diatraea saccharalis), tobacco budworm (Heliothis virescens), tomato fruitworm (Helicoverpa zea), velvet bean caterpillar (Anticarsia gemmatalis), yellow stem borer (SCirpophaga incertulas), spotted bollworm (Earias vittella), rice leaffolder (Cnaphalocrocis medinalis), pink stem borer (Sesamia spp.), tobacco leafeating caterpillar (Spodoptera litura), tea looper (Biston supressaria) ; from the order Coleoptera, for example, apple twig borer (Amphicerus spp.), corn root worm (Diabrotica virgifera), cucumber beetle (diabrotica balteata), boll weevil (Anthonomus grandis), grape flea beetle (Altica chalybea), grape root worm (Fidia viticola), grape trunk borer (Clytoleptus albofasciatus), radish flea beetle (Phyllotreta armoraciae), maize weevil (Sitophilus zeamais), northern corn rootworm (Diabrotica barberi), rice water weevil (Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus; from the order Orthoptera, for example, Gryllotalpa spp., Locusta spp., and Schistocerca is spp.; from the order Thysanoptera, for example, Anaphothrips obscurus, Baliothrips biformis, Drepanothrips reuteri, Enneothrips flavens, Frankliniella spp., Heliothripsspp., Hercinothrips femoralis, Rhipiphorothrips cruentatus, Scirtothrips spp., Taeniothrips cardamomi, Frankliniella spp., Thrips palmi, Thrips tabaci and Scirtothrips dorsalis; from the order Heteroptera, for example, Dysdercus spp., Leptocorisa spp., from the order Hymenoptera, for example, Solenopsis spp. ; from the order Diptera, for example, Atherigona soccata, Atherigona orientalis, Dacus spp., Liriomyza spp., Melanagromyza spp., from the order Acarina, for example, Aceria mangiferae, Brevipalpus spp., Eriophyes spp., Oligonychus mangiferus, Oligonychus punicae, Panonychus citri, Panonychus ulmi, Polyphagotarsonemus latus, Tarsonemus spp., Tetranychus urticae, Tetranychus cinnabarinus.