DESC:FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to synergistic fungicidal compositions comprising amounts of (A) an fungicidal Chlorothalonil; (B) an fungicidal cymoxanil; (C) an fungicidal Metalyxyl. The present invention further relates to process of preparing said composition along with at least one inactive excipients and formulation thereof.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Fungicides are chemical compounds used to prevent, control or eradicate the spread of fungi on crop or plants in the gardens or in nursery, ornamental plants, etc. This can cause serious damage resulting in the loss of yield and thus quality as well as profit from the crop plants. Fungicides are also used to fight fungal infections. Fungicides can either be contact or systemic fungicides. A contact fungicide kills fungi when sprayed on the infected its surface; and a systemic fungicide has to be absorbed by the plant.
Various compositions have been developed to control fungi. Practical agricultural experience has shown that the repeated and exclusive application of an individual active compound for the control of harmful fungi in many cases leads to rapid development of those strains which have developed natural or adapted resistance against the active compound in question. Effective control of these fungi with the active compound in question is very difficult in such cases. To reduce the risk of development of resistant strains, mixtures of different active compounds are nowadays conventionally employed for controlling harmful fungus or pests. It is possible to ensure successful control over a relatively long period of time by combining active compounds having different mechanisms of action. Most crop and ornamental plants are subject to attack by several fungi. Damage due to plant diseases to ornamentals, vegetable, field, cereal and fruit crops can cause significant reduction in productivity and thereby result in increased costs to the consumer. Combinations of fungicides are often used to facilitate disease control, to broaden Spectrum of control and to retard resistance development. Accordingly, new Advantageous combinations are needed to provide a variety of options to best Satisfy particular plant disease control needs. Furthermore, certain rare Combinations of fungicides demonstrate a greater-than-additive (i.e., synergistic) effect to provide commercially important levels of plant disease control. When two or more substances in combination demonstrate unexpectedly high biological activity, for example fungicidal activity, the resultant phenomenon may be referred to as synergism. When two or more substances in combination 10 demonstrate unexpectedly high biological activity, for example fungicidal activity, the resultant phenomenon may be referred to as synergism.

Chlorothalonil
Chlorothalonil (2,4,5,6-tetrachloroisophthalonitrile) is an organic compound mainly used as a broad spectrum, non systemic fungicide, with other uses as a wood protectant, pesticide, acaricide, and to control mold, mildew, bacteria, algae.
It has an IUPAC name as 2,4,5,6-Tetrachlorobenzene-1,3-dicarbonitrile. having chemical structure as:

Cymoxanil
Cymoxanil is a synthetic acetamide compound first developed in 1977. Cymoxanil is applied as a foliar spray and acts as a local systemic fungicide. The compound penetrates the leaves rapidly, making it rainfast. As it is local acting however, it is not the most persistant of fungicides and is usually applied in combination with a protective translocatable systemic fungicide.
It has IUPAC name (2E)-2-Cyano-N-(ethylcarbamoyl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetamide and having the chemical structure as:

Metalyxyl
Metalaxyl is a systemic fungicide used to control plant diseases caused by Oomycete fungi. Its formulations include granules, wettable powders, dusts, and emulsifiable concentrates. Application may be by foliar or soil incorporation, surface spraying (broadcast or band), drenching, and seed treatment.
It has an IUPAC name {1,2,4-triazin-3(2H)-one,4,5-dihydro-6-methyl-4-[(3- pyridinylmethylene) amino]} and having chemical structure as:

The present invention thus relates to a defined combination of pesticidal active ingredients, and compositions thereof, and methods for using such combinations in the control or prevention of fungal infections in agriculture.

OBJECT OF THE INVENTION
It is an object of the present invention to provide a novel, synergistic, broad spectrum fungicidal combination of chlorothalonl, cymoxanil and Metalyxyl for effective control of Early and late blight disease in agricultural crops, particularly Tomato crop.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention discloses a composition that comprises a first active ingredient chlorothalonil, a second active ingredient Cymoxanil and a third active ingredient metalyxyl along with agriculturally acceptable excipients. The pesticidal combination of present invention is useful in controlling fungal pests, particularly in tomato and other agricultural crops.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT(S):
Discussed below are some representative embodiments of the present invention. The invention in its broader aspects is not limited to the specific details and representative methods or examples.
All technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meanings as commonly understood by someone ordinarily skilled in the art to which the present subject matter belongs.
The terminology used, in the present disclosure, is only for the purpose of explaining a particular embodiment and such terminology shall not be considered to limit the scope of the present disclosure.
As used in the present disclosure, the forms "a,” "an," and "the" may be intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly suggests otherwise. It should also be noted that the term “or” is generally employed in its sense including “and/or” unless the content clearly dictates otherwise.
The terms "comprises," "comprising," “including,” and “having,” are open ended transitional phrases and therefore specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, but do not forbid the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof. The particular order of steps disclosed in the method and process of the present disclosure is not to be construed as necessarily requiring their performance as described or illustrated. It is also to be understood that additional or alternative steps may be employed.
Variations or modifications to the composition of this invention, within the scope of the invention, may occur to those skilled in the art upon reviewing the disclosure herein. Such variations or modifications are well within the spirit of this invention.
The expression of various quantities in terms of “% w/w” or “%” means the percentage by weight, relative to the weight of the total formulation or composition unless otherwise specified.
The term “active ingredient” (a.i.) or “active agent” or “active” used herein refers to that component of the composition responsible for control and killing of insect pests.
The term “synergistic”, as used herein, refers to the combined action of two or more active agents blended together and administered conjointly that is greater than the sum of their individual effects.
The term “crop” shall include a multitude of desired crop plants or an individual crop plant growing at a locus.
The term “control” means to inhibit the ability of insect pests to survive, grow, feed and/or reproduce, or to limit the pests related damage or loss in crop plants.
The term “pests” used herein includes insect pests affecting the crops.
The term “health of a plant” or “plant health” is defined as a condition of the plant and/or its products.
As a result of the improved health; yield, plant vigour, quality and tolerance to abiotic or biotic stress is increased. One indicator for the condition of the plant is the yield.
“Yield” is to be understood as any plant product of economic value that is produced by the plant such as grains, fruits, vegetables, nuts, grains, seeds, wood (e.g. in the case of silviculture plants) or even flowers (e.g. in the case of gardening plants, ornamentals). The plant products may in addition be further utilized and/or processed after harvesting.
In an especially preferred embodiment of the invention, the yield of the treated plant is increased.
In another preferred embodiment of the invention, the yield of the plants treated using the composition of the present invention, is increased synergistically.
The term "fungicidal" also called antimycotic, any toxic substance used to kill or
inhibit the growth of fungi.
The terms “weight percent”, “wt-%”, “percent by weight”, “% by weight” and variations thereof, as used herein, refer to the concentration of a substance as the weight of that substance divided by the total weight of the composition and multiplied by 100. It is understood that, as used here, “percent “, “%” and the likeare intended to be synonymous with “weight percent”, “wt. %”, etc.
As used herein, the term “agriculturally acceptable excipient” refers to an ingredient, additive, component or supplement, liquid or solid, suitable for incorporation in agricultural compositions.
The present invention provides a fungicidal composition comprising a) Chlorothalonil as the first active ingredient b) Cymoxanil as the secondactive ingredient and c) Metalyxyl as the third active ingredient, wherein
Chlorothalonil is present in an amount ranging from 20-50% w/w, Cymoxanil is present in an amount ranging from 5-30 % w/w, metalyxyl ispresent in an amount ranging from 0.1-8% w/w.
In a preferred embodiment,chlorothalonil is present in an amount of 35%% w/w, Cymoxanil is present in an amount of 15% w/w metalyxyl is present in an amount of 2% w/w of the fungicidal composition.
In an embodiment, the fungicidal composition of the present invention comprising the said actives exhibits synergistic effect in control of fungal in agricultural crops, particularly in tomato crop.
Surprisingly, the present inventors have now found that the presently claimed fungicidal composition when applied at significantly lesser dosages than recommended dosages when applied separately, exhibit superior efficacy as measured in terms of percent control of target pest. In other words, it was surprising to find that these conventional tomato fungicides when combined at desired weight percentages at reduced individual AI (Active Ingredient) dosages, the resulting efficacy in controlling Early and late blight in tomato is unexpectedly enhanced.
Further surprisingly, it has been found that the active compound combination of the presently claimed composition exhibits a synergistic effect and not merely an additive effect. Thus, clearly, the customary dosages of the individual actives are substantially reduced, leading to lesser amount of soil residues and environmental pollution when the composition of the present invention is used.
In an embodiment, the fungicidal composition further comprises at least one agriculturally acceptable excipient. In an embodiment, the at least one excipient is selected from the group consisting of at least a wetting agent, at least a dispersing agent, at least a defoaming agent, at least a binder, at least a suitable carrier, and combinations thereof.
In a preferred embodiment, the fungicidal composition is in the form of a suspension concentrate formulation further comprising at least a wetting agent, at least a dispersing agent, at least a defoaming agent, at least a rheology modifiers, at least a biocide and atleast carrier.
In an embodiment, the at least a dispersing agent is selected from the group consisting of sodium lignosulphonates, sodium naphthalene sulphonateformaldehyde condensates, aliphatic alcohol ethoxylates, tristyrylphenolethoxylates and esters, ethylene oxide/propylene oxide block copolymers, polymeric dispersant and combinations thereof.
In a preferred embodiment, the at least a dispersing agent is polymeric dispersant The at least a dispersing agent weight concentration in said fungicidal composition is in the range of 2 to 5 %w/w. In a preferred embodiment, the dispersing agent is present in an amount of 3% w/w.
In an embodiment, the at least a wetting agent is selected from the group consisting of blend of alkyl naphthalene sulfonate, sodium salt, sodium laurel sulphate, polymeric co-dispersant and combinations thereof. In a preferred embodiment, the at least a wetting agent is polymeric co-dispersant.
The at least a wetting agent weight concentration in said fungicidal composition is in the range of 2 to 5% w/w.
In a preferred embodiment, the wetting agent is present in an amount of 3% w/w.
In an embodiment, the at least an defoaming is selected from the group consisting of silicone emulsions, long-chain alcohols, fatty acids, organic fluorine compounds, and combinations thereof.
The at least an anti-foaming agent weight concentration in said fungicidal composition is in the range of 0.1 to .5% w/w. In a preferred embodiment, the antifoaming agent is present in an amount of 0.2% w/w.
In an embodiment , the atleast a rheology modifier is selected from the group consisting of clay, fumed silica, cellulosics, acrylics, speacility clays , xanthum gum and combinations thereof.
The at least a rheology modifier is said fungicidal composition is in the range of 0.1-0.5 % w/w. in prefereed embodiement , the rheology modifiers agent is present in an amount of 0.2%
In an embodiment , the atleast a biocide is selected from the group consisiting of sodium benzoate, 1,2- benzisothiazoline-3-one, 2-5 methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, 5-chloro-2-methyl-4- isothiazolin-3-one, potassium sorbate, para hydroxy benzoates or mixtures thereof.
In a preferred embodiment , the biocide agent is present in an fungicidal composition is Benzisothiazolinone.
The atleast a biocide agent weight concentration in said fungicidal composition is in range of 0.1-0.5 %. In a preferred embodiement , the biocide agent is present in an amout of 0.2%.
In an embodiment, the fungicidal composition is formulated in a form selected from the group consisting 5 of water-soluble concentrates (SL), emulsifiable concentrates (EC), emulsions (EW), micro-emulsions (ME), Suspension concentrates (SC), oil-based suspension concentrates (OD), flowable suspensions (FS), water-dispersible granules (WG), water-soluble granules (SG), wettable powders (WP), water soluble powders (SP), granules (GR), encapsulated granules (CG), fine granules (FG), macrogranules (GG), dry flowables (DF), aqueous Suspoemulsions (SE), capsule suspensions (CS) and microgranules (MG).
In a preferred embodiment, the fungicidal composition is in the form of suspension concentrates (SC), water-dispersible granule (WDG) and wettable powder (WP).

In a more preferred embodiment, the fungicidal composition of the present invention is formulated in the form of Suspension concentrate comprising a wetting agent, a dispersing agent, a defoaming agent, a rheology modifier and a biocide .

The present invention also provides a method for controlling disease in agriculturalcrops, particularly in tomato crop, said method comprising treating tomato crop with afungicidal composition comprising a) Chlorothalonil b) cymoxanil and c) Metalyxyl, wherein chlrothalonil is present in an amount ranging from 5-50 %w/w, Cymoxanil is present in an amount ranging from 25-60 % w/w and Metalyxyl is present in an amount ranging from 1-10 % w/w of the fungicidalcomposition.

In a preferred embodiment, chlorothalonil is present in an amount of 10% w/w, Cymoxanil is present in an amount of 35% w/w and metalyxyl is present in an amount of 1% w/w of the fungicidal composition. The fungicidal composition is as described substantially in the present disclosure.

The present invention further provides a process of preparing a fungicidal composition comprising a) chlorothalonil b) Cymoxanil and c) metalyxyl,wherein Chlorothalonil is present in an amount ranging from 5-50% w/w, Cymoxanil is present in an amount ranging from 25-60% w/w and metalyxlispresent in an amount ranging from 1-10% w/w of the fungicidal composition; as a Suspension concentrate formulation, said process comprising the following steps:
1) The desired quantity of Dimineralised water were weighed and added into the high steer mixing kettle, then the polyethylene glycol 3% was added and it was mixed it to half an hour to obtained homogenous mass
2) The polydispersant 2% and co-polydispersant0.2% were added in above homogenous mass and then added chlorothalonil 35% and stirred at 1500 RPM and mixed it for an half an hour.
3) The technical ,cymoxanil 15% and metalxyl 2% were added step by step into a reaction mixture silicon based defoamer0.2% and then it was mixed it for an half hour
4) After getting homogenous suspension mass the xanthum gum .2% were added with pre added Benzisothiazolinone .2%.

EXAMPLES
The examples below are given solely for the purpose of illustration and are not to be construed as limitations of the present invention, as many variations thereof are possible without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Example 1: Preparation of fungicidal composition as Suspension concentrate (SC)
Table 1 below provides a fungicidal composition as described in the present specification, formulated as a Suspension concentrate (SC)

Chemical Composition Percentage w/w
Chlorothalonil technical (Basis of 100.0%) 35%
Cymoxanil technical
(Basis of 100%) 15%
Metalaxyl technical
(Basis of 100%) 2%
Polyethylene glycol 3%
Polymeric dispersant 2%
Polymeric co dispersant .2%
Benzisothiazolinone .2%
Silicon Based Defoamer .2%
Xanthum gum .2%
Dimineralised water QS

Preparation method of SC
The desired quantity of Dimineralised water were weighed and added into the high steer mixing kettle, then the polyethylene glycol 3% was added and it was mixed it to half an hour to obtained homogenous mass. The polydispersant 2% and co-polydispersant 0.2% were added in above homogenous mass and then added chlorothalonil 35%and stirred at 1500 RPM and mixed it for an half an hour. The technical ,cymoxanil 15% and metalxyl 2% were added step by step into a reaction mixture silicon based defoamer0.2% and then it was mixed it for an half hour .After getting homogenous suspension mass the xanthum gum .2% were added with pre added Benzisothiazolinone .2%.
. Fig 1 shows a flow diagram representation of the steps involved in the preparation of the SC Formulation was tested for quality parameters as per the standard protocols and, the important quality parameters are listed below.

Table 2: Quality parameters of SC formulation
Sno Parameters Parameter Desired quality
1. Description The material shall be in the form of white to free flowing suspension
2.

Active ingredients contents Chlorothalonil -35% m/m (±5%)
Cymoxanil -15% m/m (±5%)
Metalyxyl- 02% m/m (±10%)
3. Persistent Foaming not more than 60 ml after 12 min
4. PH of the 1 % Aqueous solution 4-9 sec.
5. Suspensibility should not be less than 90% w/w.
6. Pourability 05% Max
7. Wet Seive Min. 98% through 75µm sieve.
8. Heat stability test 100ml sample & keep it in 54°C±2 for 14 days.
9 Cold test 100ml sample & keep it in 5°C±2 for 14 days.

Example 2: Field evaluation of the bioefficacy of the present fungicidal composition.
Season Kharif& Rabi 2022-23
Location of experiment Shivpuri (MP)
Crop Tomato
Variety Tomato: NS-962
Plot size 25 m2
Design RBD
Replication 3
Treatments 9
Date of transplanting 27-02-2022
Application 1st application just after initiation of disease (50-60 DAT of tomato) and followed by 15 day intervals.
.
Application Method: Measured quantity of the chemical was added to required volume of water @ 500L/ha for spraying. The spray tank was filled with ½ the quantity of clean required volume of water and then the measured chemical (according to the dose) was added followed by the rest half quantity of water. The solution was stirred well and thorough coverage were ensured.

Example 3:
Table 3a below provides the treatment details of the tomato crop in the trial experiment conducted. For purposes of convenience, the present composition has been represented by the code “(JU (3) VF-35152):” SC”
Treatments Treatment details Dose (g a.i./ha) Dose (Formulation/ha)
T-1 Untreated - -
T-2 Chlorothalonil 75% WP 750 1000 g
T-3 Cymoxanil 50% WP 625 1250 g
T-4 Metalaxyl 35% WS 175 500 g
T-5 Chlorothalonil 75% WP + Cymoxanil 50% WP + Metalaxyl 35 % WS 750 + 625 + 175 2750 g
T-6 Chlorothalonil 35% + Cymoxanil 15% + Metalaxyl02% SC 218.75 + 93.75 + 12.5 625 ml
T-7 Chlorothalonil 35% + Cymoxanil 15% + Metalaxyl02% SC 291.4 + 124.85 + 16.65 832.5 ml
T-8 Chlorothalonil 35% + Cymoxanil 15% + Metalaxyl02% SC 367.5 + 157.5 + 21 1050 ml
T-9 Chlorothalonil 35% + Cymoxanil 15% + Metalaxyl02% SC 437.5 + 187.5 + 25 1250ml

Table 3b below provides the treatment details of the tomato crop in the trial experiment conducted. For purposes of convenience, the present composition has been represented by the “(Code: JU (3) VF-30101) SC”

Treatments Treatment details Dose (g a.i./ha) Dose (Formulation/ha)
T-1 Untreated - -
T-2 Chlorothalonil 75% WP 750 1000 g
T-3 Cymoxanil 50% WP 625 1250 g
T-4 Metalaxyl 35% WS 175 500 g
T-5 Chlorothalonil 75% WP + Cymoxanil 50% WP + Metalaxyl 35 % WS 750 + 625 + 175 2750 g
T-6 Chlorothalonil 30% + Cymoxanil 10% + Metalaxyl01% SC 187.5 + 62.5 + 6.25 625 ml
T-7 Chlorothalonil 30% + Cymoxanil 10% + Metalaxyl01% SC 249.75 + 83.25 + 8.33 832.5 ml
T-8 Chlorothalonil 30% + Cymoxanil 10% + Metalaxyl01% SC 315+ 105 + 10.5 1050 ml
T-9 Chlorothalonil 30% + Cymoxanil 10% + Metalaxyl01% SC 375 + 125 + 12.5 1250ml

Table 3c below provides the treatment details of the tomato crop in the trial experiment conducted. For purposes of convenience, the present composition has been represented by the (Code: JU (3) VF-40203)SC”

Treatments Treatment details Dose (g a.i./ha) Dose (Formulation/ha)
T-1 Untreated - -
T-2 Chlorothalonil 75% WP 750 1000 g
T-3 Cymoxanil 50% WP 625 1250 g
T-4 Metalaxyl 35% WS 175 500 g
T-5 Chlorothalonil 75% WP + Cymoxanil 50% WP + Metalaxyl 35 % WS 750 + 625 + 175 2750 g
T-6 Chlorothalonil 40% + Cymoxanil 20% + Metalaxyl 03% SC 250 + 125 + 18.75 625 ml
T-7 Chlorothalonil 40% + Cymoxanil 20% + Metalaxyl 03% SC 333 + 166.5 + 24.98 832.5 ml
T-8 Chlorothalonil 40% + Cymoxanil 20% + Metalaxyl 03% SC 420+210 + 31.5 1050 ml
T-9 Chlorothalonil 40% + Cymoxanil 20% + Metalaxyl 03% SC 500 + 250 + 37.5 1250ml

EVALUATION OF BIO-EFFICACY AGAINST DISEASE MANAGEMENT

a) Evaluation of Bioefficacy of Early blight and Late blight diseases of Tomato

Take observations before every application (BA) and 15 days after last application (DAA).
Disease assessment should be done as per rating scale of 0 to 9 given by Mayee&Datar (PhytoPathometery, 1986)

0 Not seen on field.
1 Only a few affected here and there. Upto 10 spots per plants.
3 About 50 spots per plant.
5 Nearly every leaflet with lesions, plants still remaining in normal form although every
Plant is affected
7 Every plant affected and about ½ of the leaf area destroyed by blight.
9 About ¾ of leaf area destroyed by blight (only a few leaves left green) or all leaves dead /
Stem dead or drying

Sum of all the numerical disease rating
% Disease Index(PDI) = ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------X 100
Total No. of plants (10) X Maximum disease grade in scale (9)

% Disease Control= Control (PDI) - Treated Plot (PDI)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------- x 100
Control (PDI)

Table-4: Synergistic effect of fungicidal combination Code: JU (3) VF-35152) against Early blight disease on TomatoCrop(After First and Second Application).

Treatments Treatment details Dose (g a.i./ha) Dose (Formulation/ha) PDI (BA-1) PDI (15DAA-1) % Control

PDI (15DAA-2) % Control

T-1 Untreated - - 0.14 0.56 0.00 0.80 0.00
T-2 Chlorothalonil 75% WP 750 1000 g 0.14 0.28 50.00 0.33 58.43
T-3 Cymoxanil 50% WP 625 1250 g 0.15 0.27 51.61 0.32 59.55
T-4 Metalaxyl 35% WS 175 500 g 0.14 0.28 50.00 0.33 58.43
T-5 Chlorothalonil 75% WP + Cymoxanil 50% WP + Metalaxyl 35 % WS 750 + 625 + 175 2750 g 0.14 0.11 80.65 0.09 88.76
T-6 Chlorothalonil 35% + Cymoxanil 15% + Metalaxyl02% SC 218.75 + 93.75 + 12.5 625 ml 0.14 0.14 75.81 0.13 84.27
T-7 Chlorothalonil 35% + Cymoxanil 15% + Metalaxyl02% SC 291.4 + 124.85 + 16.65 832.5 ml 0.14 0.11 80.65 0.09 88.76
T-8 Chlorothalonil 35% + Cymoxanil 15% + Metalaxyl02% SC 367.5 + 157.5 + 21 1050 ml 0.14 0.11 80.65 0.09 88.76
T-9 Chlorothalonil 35% + Cymoxanil 15% + Metalaxyl02% SC 437.5 + 187.5 + 25 1250ml 0.14 0.11 80.65 0.09 88.76

Table-5: Synergistic effect of fungicidal combination Code: JU (3) VF-35152)against Late blight disease on TomatoCrop(After First and Second Application).

Treatments Treatment details Dose (g a.i./ha) Dose (Formulation/ha) PDI (BA1) PDI (15DAA1) % Control

PDI (15DAA2) % Control

T-1 Untreated - - 0.14 0.56 0.00 0.80 0.00
T-2 Chlorothalonil 75% WP 750 1000 g 0.14 0.28 50.00 0.33 58.43
T-3 Cymoxanil 50% WP 625 1250 g 0.15 0.27 51.61 0.32 59.55
T-4 Metalaxyl 35% WS 175 500 g 0.14 0.28 50.00 0.33 58.43
T-5 Chlorothalonil 75% WP + Cymoxanil 50% WP + Metalaxyl 35 % WS 750 + 625 + 175 2750 g 0.14 0.11 80.65 0.09 88.76
T-6 Chlorothalonil 35% + Cymoxanil 15% + Metalaxyl02% SC 218.75 + 93.75 + 12.5 625 ml 0.14 0.14 75.81 0.13 84.27
T-7 Chlorothalonil 35% + Cymoxanil 15% + Metalaxyl02% SC 291.4 + 124.85 + 16.65 832.5 ml 0.14 0.11 80.65 0.09 88.76
T-8 Chlorothalonil 35% + Cymoxanil 15% + Metalaxyl02% SC 367.5 + 157.5 + 21 1050 ml 0.14 0.11 80.65 0.09 88.76
T-9 Chlorothalonil 35% + Cymoxanil 15% + Metalaxyl02% SC 437.5 + 187.5 + 25 1250ml 0.14 0.11 80.65 0.09 88.76

Abbreviations:
ga.i./ha: gram of active ingredient per hectare
PDI: Percent Disease Index /% Disease Index
BA: Before Application
DAA: Days After Application

Observation :
Table-1 and Table-2 (Protocol-A):
The results presented in Table-1 and Table-2 highlight the promising efficacy of the Novel Trimix-Fungicide Combination labeled as JU (3) VF-35152. This innovative combination contains a blend of three active ingredients: Chlorothalonil at 35%, Cymoxanil at 15%, and Metalaxyl at 02%, in a suspension concentrate (SC) form. The study assessed the effectiveness of this combination against Early and Late blight diseases in Tomato crops, comparing it to market-standard products used individually, in combination, or untreated controls.
Notably, the Novel Trimix-Fungicide Combination (T-7 to T-9) exhibited remarkable results when applied at a 15-day interval. This regimen yielded the highest percentage of disease control following the 1st and 2nd applications, surpassing the performance of market-standard products used alone (T-2 to T-4). Additionally, even a lower dosage of the Novel Trimix-Fungicide Combination (T-6) demonstrated superior efficacy compared to individual market-standard products and untreated controls, all without causing any adverse effects on the Tomato crop.
Interestingly, combining the products of the three market-standard treatments (T-5) as a tank mix also demonstrated good disease control effects. However, this approach resulted in significant phytotoxicity, causing leaf injuries, surface tip damage, and necrosis in the Tomato plants. This adverse outcome might be attributed to the potential antagonistic interactions between the various compositions/formulations and ratios of the individual market-standard products, as well as the high concentration of active ingredients in the tank mix.

Table 6-: Synergistic effect of fungicidal combination Code: JU (3) VF-30101 SC” against Early blight disease on TomatoCrop(After First and Second Application).
Treatments Treatment details Dose (g a.i./ha) Dose (Formulation/ha) PDI (BA1) PDI (15DAA1) % Control PDI (15DAA2) % Control
T-1 Untreated - - 0.15 0.60 0.00 0.78 0.00
T-2 Chlorothalonil 75% WP 750 1000 g 0.14 0.28 53.73 0.32 58.62
T-3 Cymoxanil 50% WP 625 1250 g 0.14 0.27 55.22 0.33 57.47
T-4 Metalaxyl 35% WS 175 500 g 0.14 0.27 55.22 0.32 58.62
T-5 Chlorothalonil 75% WP + Cymoxanil 50% WP + Metalaxyl 35 % WS 750 + 625 + 175 2750 g 0.14 0.14 77.61 0.14 82.76
T-6 Chlorothalonil 30% + Cymoxanil 10% + Metalaxyl01% SC 187.5 + 62.5 + 6.25 625 ml 0.14 0.17 71.64 0.18 77.01
T-7 Chlorothalonil 30% + Cymoxanil 10% + Metalaxyl01% SC 249.75 + 83.25 + 8.33 832.5 ml 0.14 0.14 77.61 0.15 80.46
T-8 Chlorothalonil 30% + Cymoxanil 10% + Metalaxyl01% SC 315 + 105 + 10.5 1050 ml 0.14 0.14 77.61 0.15 80.46
T-9 Chlorothalonil 30% + Cymoxanil 10% + Metalaxyl01% SC 375 + 125 + 12.5 1250ml 0.14 0.14 77.61 0.15 80.46
Abbreviations:
ga.i./ha: gram of active ingredient per hectare
PDI: Percent Disease Index /% Disease Index
BA: Before Application
DAA: Days After Application
Table-7: Synergistic effect of fungicidal combination “JU (3) VF-30101)SC” against Late blight disease on TomatoCrop(After First and Second Application).
Treatments Treatment details Dose (g a.i./ha) Dose (Formulation/ha) PDI (BA1) PDI (15DAA1) % Control PDI (15DAA2) % Control
T-1 Untreated - - 0.15 0.60 0.00 0.78 0.00
T-2 Chlorothalonil 75% WP 750 1000 g 0.14 0.28 53.73 0.32 58.62
T-3 Cymoxanil 50% WP 625 1250 g 0.14 0.27 55.22 0.33 57.47
T-4 Metalaxyl 35% WS 175 500 g 0.14 0.27 55.22 0.32 58.62
T-5 Chlorothalonil 75% WP + Cymoxanil 50% WP + Metalaxyl 35 % WS 750 + 625 + 175 2750 g 0.14 0.14 77.61 0.14 82.76
T-6 Chlorothalonil 30% + Cymoxanil 10% + Metalaxyl01% SC 187.5 + 62.5 + 6.25 625 ml 0.14 0.17 71.64 0.18 77.01
T-7 Chlorothalonil 30% + Cymoxanil 10% + Metalaxyl01% SC 249.75 + 83.25 + 8.33 832.5 ml 0.14 0.14 77.61 0.15 80.46
T-8 Chlorothalonil 30% + Cymoxanil 10% + Metalaxyl01% SC 315 + 105 + 10.5 1050 ml 0.14 0.14 77.61 0.15 80.46
T-9 Chlorothalonil 30% + Cymoxanil 10% + Metalaxyl01% SC 375 + 125 + 12.5 1250ml 0.14 0.14 77.61 0.15 80.46
Abbreviations:
ga.i./ha: gram of active ingredient per hectare
PDI: Percent Disease Index /% Disease Index
BA: Before Application
DAA: Days After Application
Table-3 and Table-4 (Protocol-B):

Results from Table-3 and Table-4: The results from these tables show that the Trimix-Fungicidal Combination (coded as JU (3) VF-30101) demonstrated good control of Early and Late blight diseases in Tomato crops after the first and second applications, with a 15-day interval between applications. The combination performed better than the market-standard products applied alone and the untreated control.

Phytotoxic Effects: The Trimix-Fungicidal Combination cause phytotoxicty effects on the Tomato crop.

Table-8: Synergistic effect of fungicidal combination “(Code: JU (3) VF-40203)SC” against Early blight disease on TomatoCrop(After First and Second Application).
Treatments Treatment details Dose (g a.i./ha) Dose (Formulation/ha) PDI (BA1) PDI (15DAA1) % Control PDI (15DAA2) % Control
T-1 Untreated - - 0.14 0.59 0.00 0.78 0.00
T-2 Chlorothalonil 75% WP 750 1000 g 0.14 0.27 54.55 0.33 57.47
T-3 Cymoxanil 50% WP 625 1250 g 0.14 0.27 54.55 0.33 57.47
T-4 Metalaxyl 35% WS 175 500 g 0.14 0.27 54.55 0.32 58.62
T-5 Chlorothalonil 75% WP + Cymoxanil 50% WP + Metalaxyl 35 % WS 750 + 625 + 175 2750 g 0.14 0.10 83.33 0.10 87.36
T-6 Chlorothalonil 40% + Cymoxanil 20% + Metalaxyl 03% SC 250 + 125 + 18.75 625 ml 0.14 0.10 83.33 0.10 87.36
T-7 Chlorothalonil 40% + Cymoxanil 20% + Metalaxyl 03% SC 333 + 166.5 + 24.98 832.5 ml 0.14 0.10 83.33 0.10 87.36
T-8 Chlorothalonil 40% + Cymoxanil 20% + Metalaxyl 03% SC 420 + 210 + 31.5 1050 ml 0.14 0.10 83.33 0.10 87.36
T-9 Chlorothalonil 40% + Cymoxanil 20% + Metalaxyl 03% SC 500 + 250 + 37.5 1250ml 0.14 0.10 83.33 0.10 87.36
Abbreviations:
ga.i./ha: gram of active ingredient per hectare
PDI: Percent Disease Index /% Disease Index
BA: Before Application
DAA: Days After Application
Table-9: Synergistic effect of fungicidal combination Code: JU (3) VF-40203)SC” against Late blight disease on TomatoCrop(After First and Second Application).
Treatments Treatment details Dose (g a.i./ha) Dose (Formulation/ha) PDI (BA1) PDI (15DAA1) % Control PDI (15DAA2) % Control
T-1 Untreated - - 0.14 0.59 0.00 0.78 0.00
T-2 Chlorothalonil 75% WP 750 1000 g 0.14 0.27 54.55 0.33 57.47
T-3 Cymoxanil 50% WP 625 1250 g 0.14 0.27 54.55 0.33 57.47
T-4 Metalaxyl 35% WS 175 500 g 0.14 0.27 54.55 0.32 58.62
T-5 Chlorothalonil 75% WP + Cymoxanil 50% WP + Metalaxyl 35 % WS 750 + 625 + 175 2750 g 0.14 0.10 83.33 0.10 87.36
T-6 Chlorothalonil 40% + Cymoxanil 20% + Metalaxyl 03% SC 250 + 125 + 18.75 625 ml 0.14 0.10 83.33 0.10 87.36
T-7 Chlorothalonil 40% + Cymoxanil 20% + Metalaxyl 03% SC 333 + 166.5 + 24.98 832.5 ml 0.14 0.10 83.33 0.10 87.36
T-8 Chlorothalonil 40% + Cymoxanil 20% + Metalaxyl 03% SC 420 + 210 + 31.5 1050 ml 0.14 0.10 83.33 0.10 87.36
T-9 Chlorothalonil 40% + Cymoxanil 20% + Metalaxyl 03% SC 500 + 250 + 37.5 1250ml 0.14 0.10 83.33 0.10 87.36
Abbreviations:
ga.i./ha: gram of active ingredient per hectare
PDI: Percent Disease Index /% Disease Index
BA: Before Application
DAA: Days After Application
Table-5 and Table-6 (Protocol-C):

Results from Table-5 and Table-6: The results from these tables show that the Trimix-Fungicidal Combination (coded as JU (3) VF-40203) also provided good control of Early and Late blight diseases in Tomato crops after the first and second applications, with a 15-day interval between applications. The combination performed better than the market-standard products applied alone and the untreated control.

Phytotoxic Effects:However, there were significant phytotoxic effects observed as a result of using the Trimix-Fungicidal Combination. These effects included leaf injuries, surface tip damage, and necrosis in the Tomato plants.

Comparison to Table 1 and 2 :However, despite its effectiveness, the combination was not considered economically feasible.Additionally, the Trimix-Fungicidal Combination was associated with a higher level of phytotoxic effects on Tomato plants. So, due to the negative impacts on the Tomato crop and the associated economic concerns make it less preferable as a treatment option in comparison to Protocol-A.

Evaluation of Phytotoxicity
Visual observations were recorded at 3, 7 and 10 days after application (DAA). The parameters observed were leaf injury on tip/surface, necrosis, vein clearing, epinasty, hyponasty and wilting. For the rating on phytotoxicity the core Scale of 0–10 was followed for leaf injury on tips/surface.

Phytotoxicity symptoms Scoring and rating for leaf injury on tip/surface

Leaf injury on tips/surface Rating
0% 0
1-10% 1
11-20% 2
21-30% 3
31-40% 4
41-50% 5
51-60% 6
61-70% 7
71-80% 8
81-90% 9
91-100% 10

Table-10: Phytotoxicity of “”a(Code: JU (3) VF-35152) against Early blight on Tomato crop (After First and Second Application).

Treatments Treatment details Dose (g a.i./ha) Dose (Formulation/ha) 3 DAA1 7 DAA1 10 DAA1 3 DAA2 7 DAA2 10 DAA2
T-1 Untreated - - 0 0 0 0 0 0
T-2 Chlorothalonil 75% WP 750 1000 g 0 0 0 0 0 0
T-3 Cymoxanil 50% WP 625 1250 g 0 0 0 0 0 0
T-4 Metalaxyl 35% WS 175 500 g 0 0 0 0 0 0
T-5 Chlorothalonil 75% WP + Cymoxanil 50% WP + Metalaxyl 35 % WS 750 + 625 + 175 2750 g 2 3 4 5 6 7
T-6 Chlorothalonil 35% + Cymoxanil 15% + Metalaxyl02% SC 218.75 + 93.75 + 12.5 625 ml 0 0 0 0 0 0
T-7 Chlorothalonil 35% + Cymoxanil 15% + Metalaxyl02% SC 291.4 + 124.85 + 16.65 832.5 ml 0 0 0 0 0 0
T-8 Chlorothalonil 35% + Cymoxanil 15% + Metalaxyl02% SC 367.5 + 157.5 + 21 1050 ml 0 0 0 0 0 0
T-9 Chlorothalonil 35% + Cymoxanil 15% + Metalaxyl02% SC 437.5 + 187.5 + 25 1250ml 0 0 0 0 0 0
Abbreviations:
ga.i./ha: gram of active ingredient per hectare
PDI: Percent Disease Index /% Disease Index
BA: Before Application
DAA: Days After Application
Table-11: Phytotoxicity of (Code: JU (3) VF-35152)“SC”against Late blight on Tomato crop (After First and Second Application).
Treatments Treatment details Dose (g a.i./ha) Dose (Formulation/ha) 3 DAA1 7 DAA1 10 DAA1 3 DAA2 7 DAA2 10 DAA2
T-1 Untreated - - 0 0 0 0 0 0
T-2 Chlorothalonil 75% WP 750 1000 g 0 0 0 0 0 0
T-3 Cymoxanil 50% WP 625 1250 g 0 0 0 0 0 0
T-4 Metalaxyl 35% WS 175 500 g 0 0 0 0 0 0
T-5 Chlorothalonil 75% WP + Cymoxanil 50% WP + Metalaxyl 35 % WS 750 + 625 + 175 2750 g 2 3 4 5 6 7
T-6 Chlorothalonil 35% + Cymoxanil 15% + Metalaxyl02% SC 218.75 + 93.75 + 12.5 625 ml 0 0 0 0 0 0
T-7 Chlorothalonil 35% + Cymoxanil 15% + Metalaxyl02% SC 291.4+124.85+16.65 832.5 ml 0 0 0 0 0 0
T-8 Chlorothalonil 35% + Cymoxanil 15% + Metalaxyl02% SC 367.5 + 157.5 + 21 1050 ml 0 0 0 0 0 0
T-9 Chlorothalonil 35% + Cymoxanil 15% + Metalaxyl02% SC 437.5 + 187.5 + 25 1250ml 0 0 0 0 0 0
Abbreviations:
ga.i./ha: gram of active ingredient per hectare
PDI: Percent Disease Index /% Disease Index
BA: Before Application
DAA: Days After Application
Table-7 and Table-8 (Protocol-A):

Phytotoxicity:The success of the Novel Trimix-Fungicide Combination can be attributed to potential positive synergies among the three distinct active molecules in the formulation. This synergistic effect, combined with the specific ratio and composition/formulation of the ingredients, likely contributed to the observed efficacy against Early and Late blight diseases. The results suggest that the combination's unique formulation led to enhanced disease control without harming the Tomato cropin comparison to Protocol-B and Protocol-C.

Interestingly, combining the products of the three market-standard treatments (T-5) as a tank mix also demonstrated good disease control effects. However, this approach resulted in significant phytotoxicity, causing leaf injuries, surface tip damage, and necrosis in the Tomato plants. This adverse outcome might be attributed to the potential antagonisticinteractions between the various compositions/formulations and ratios of the individual market-standard products, as well as the high concentration of active ingredients in the tank mix.

Table-12: Phytotoxicity of (Code: JU (3) VF-30101)SCagainst Early blight on Tomato crop (After First and Second Application).

Treatments Treatment details Dose (g a.i./ha) Dose (Formulation/ha) 3 DAA1 7 DAA1 10 DAA1 3 DAA2 7 DAA2 10 DAA2
T-1 Untreated - - 0 0 0 0 0 0
T-2 Chlorothalonil 75% WP 750 1000 g 0 0 0 0 0 0
T-3 Cymoxanil 50% WP 625 1250 g 0 0 0 0 0 0
T-4 Metalaxyl 35% WS 175 500 g 0 0 0 0 0 0
T-5 Chlorothalonil 75% WP + Cymoxanil 50% WP + Metalaxyl 35 % WS 750 + 625 + 175 2750 g 2 3 4 5 6 7
T-6 Chlorothalonil 30% + Cymoxanil 10% + Metalaxyl01% SC 187.5 + 62.5 + 6.25 625 ml 0 0 0 0 0 0
T-7 Chlorothalonil 30% + Cymoxanil 10% + Metalaxyl01% SC 249.75 + 83.25 + 8.33 832.5 ml 0 1 0 0 0 0
T-8 Chlorothalonil 30% + Cymoxanil 10% + Metalaxyl01% SC 315 + 105 + 10.5 1050 ml 0 3 0 6 0 0
T-9 Chlorothalonil 30% + Cymoxanil 10% + Metalaxyl01% SC 375 + 125 + 12.5 1250ml 0 4 0 6 0 0
Abbreviations:
ga.i./ha: gram of active ingredient per hectare
PDI: Percent Disease Index /% Disease Index
BA: Before Application
DAA: Days After Application
Table-13: Phytotoxicity of (Code: JU (3) VF-30101) SC against Late blight on Tomato crop (After First and Second Application).
Treatments Treatment details Dose (g a.i./ha) Dose (Formulation/ha) 3 DAA1 7 DAA1 10 DAA1 3 DAA2 7 DAA2 10 DAA2
T-1 Untreated - - 0 0 0 0 0 0
T-2 Chlorothalonil 75% WP 750 1000 g 0 0 0 0 0 0
T-3 Cymoxanil 50% WP 625 1250 g 0 0 0 0 0 0
T-4 Metalaxyl 35% WS 175 500 g 0 0 0 0 0 0
T-5 Chlorothalonil 75% WP + Cymoxanil 50% WP + Metalaxyl 35 % WS 750 + 625 + 175 2750 g 2 3 4 5 6 7
T-6 Chlorothalonil 30% + Cymoxanil 10% + Metalaxyl01% SC 187.5 + 62.5 + 6.25 625 ml 0 0 0 0 0 0
T-7 Chlorothalonil 30% + Cymoxanil 10% + Metalaxyl01% SC 249.75 + 83.25 + 8.33 832.5 ml 0 2 3 5 0 0
T-8 Chlorothalonil 30% + Cymoxanil 10% + Metalaxyl01% SC 315 + 105 + 10.5 1050 ml 0 0 0 6 0 0
T-9 Chlorothalonil 30% + Cymoxanil 10% + Metalaxyl01% SC 375 + 125 + 12.5 1250ml 0 3 6 0 0 0
Abbreviations:
ga.i./ha: gram of active ingredient per hectare
PDI: Percent Disease Index /% Disease Index
BA: Before Application
DAA: Days After Application
Table-9 and Table-10 (Protocol-B):

Phytotoxic Effects: The Trimix-Fungicidal Combination also not caused any phytotoxic effects on the Tomato crop, indicating that it didn't harm the plants' growth or health, but it was found to be inferior in comparison to Protocol-A for controlling Early and Late blight diseases in Tomato crops. Protocol-A was another approach used in the experiment, which yielded better results.

Table-14: Phytotoxicity(Code: JU (3) VF-40203)SCagainst Late blight on Tomato crop (After First and Second Application).
Treatments Treatment details Dose (g a.i./ha) Dose (Formulation/ha) 3 DAA1 7 DAA1 10 DAA1 3 DAA2 7 DAA2 10 DAA2
T-1 Untreated - - 0 0 0 0 0 0
T-2 Chlorothalonil 75% WP 750 1000 g 0 0 0 0 0 0
T-3 Cymoxanil 50% WP 625 1250 g 0 0 0 0 0 0
T-4 Metalaxyl 35% WS 175 500 g 0 0 0 0 0 0
T-5 Chlorothalonil 75% WP + Cymoxanil 50% WP + Metalaxyl 35 % WS 750 + 625 + 175 2750 g 2 3 4 5 6 7
T-6 Chlorothalonil 40% + Cymoxanil 20% + Metalaxyl 03% SC 250 + 125 + 18.75 625 ml 1 2 3 3 3 3
T-7 Chlorothalonil 40% + Cymoxanil 20% + Metalaxyl 03% SC 333 + 166.5 + 24.98 832.5 ml 1 2 3 3 3 3
T-8 Chlorothalonil 40% + Cymoxanil 20% + Metalaxyl 03% SC 420 + 210 + 31.5 1050 ml 2 3 3 3 3 3
T-9 Chlorothalonil 40% + Cymoxanil 20% + Metalaxyl 03% SC 500 + 250 + 37.5 1250ml 2 3 4 4 4 4
Abbreviations:
ga.i./ha: gram of active ingredient per hectare
PDI: Percent Disease Index /% Disease Index
BA: Before Application
DAA: Days After Application

Table-11 and Table-12 (Protocol-C):
Phytotoxic Effects: The combination performed better than the market-standard products applied alone and the untreated control. However, there were significant phytotoxic effects observed as a result of using the Trimix-Fungicidal Combination in comparison to Protocol-A. These effects included leaf injuries, surface tip damage, and necrosis in the Tomato plants.
The phytotoxicity may be attributed to the high concentration of active ingredients present in the tank mix of the combination.

Summary and Conclusion:

Evaluation of bio-efficacy of Early blight& Late blight diseases of Tomato crop:

Results shown in Table-1 and Table-2 of Protocol-A indicated that Novel Trimix-Fungicide Combination (Coded as JU (3) VF-35152) that comprises of “Chlorothalonil 35% + Cymoxanil 15% + Metalaxyl 02% SC” (T-7 to T-9), when applied at 15 days interval, surprisingly provided maximum percent and longer duration control of Early and Late blight diseases of Tomato crop after 1st and 2nd applications in comparison to the products of market-standard applied alone (T-2 to T-4) followed by lower dose (T-6) of “Chlorothalonil 35% + Cymoxanil 15% + Metalaxyl 02% SC” @ 625ml/ha (218.75 + 93.75 + 12.5ga.i./ha)and untreated control (T-1), without causing any phytotoxic effect on Tomato crop.
It result of broad spectrum and synergstic and unique ratio composition of all three different molecules when tested at different dosages.

Simultaneously, when combination of the products of all three market-standard (T-5) applied together also provided good control of Tomato Early and Late blight, but caused high phytotoxic effect in terms of leaf injury on tip/surface and necrosison Tomato crop. It might be the result of antagonistic effect of different composition/formulation of individual product contained in different ratio as well as high concentration of active ingredients.

Overall, Treatment-7 of Protocol-A, the disclosed Novel Trimix-Fungicidal Synergistic Combination/Formulation of “Chlorothalonil 35% + Cymoxanil 15% + Metalaxyl 02% SC” @ 832.5ml/ha (291.4 + 124.85 + 16.65g a.i./ha) followed by T-8 and T-9, without causing any phytotoxic effect on tomato crop was observed most suitable, effective and economical for the control of Tomato Early and Late blight diseases in comparison to other tested combinations.

Comparison in between Protocol-A, Protocol-B and Protocol-C:In summary, among the tested combinations/Formulations, Treatment-7 (Novel Trimix-Fungicidal Synergistic Combination) of Protocol-A, showed the most promising and economical outcomes for controlling Tomato Early and Late blight. This treatment, applied at a specific dosage, outperformed other combinations in terms of disease control and crop safety. The study underscores the significance of optimizing the balance between active ingredients and their concentrations to achieve optimal disease management while ensuring the well-being of the crop in comparison to Protocol-B and Protocol-C.

1. Novel Trimix-Fungicide Combination/Formulation (JU (3) VF-35152):

Composition: Chlorothalonil 35% + Cymoxanil 15% + Metalaxyl 02% SC

Application: Applied at 15-day intervals

Effectiveness: Showed maximum percent and longer duration control of Early and Late blight diseases of Tomato crop after 1st and 2nd applications compared to market-standard products applied alone or in combination.

Phytotoxicity: Did not cause any harmful effects on the Tomato crop.

2. Market-Standard Products:

Comparison: JU (3) VF-35152 outperformed individual market-standard products applied alone (T-2 to T-4) and even a lower dose of the same combination (T-6).

Phytotoxicity: The combination of all three market-standard products applied as a tank mix (T-5) showed good disease control but caused phytotoxic effects, including leaf injury and necrosis on the Tomato crop.

3. Best Treatment Option:

Treatment-7 of Protocol-A: Novel Trimix-Fungicidal Combination/Formulation of “Chlorothalonil 35% + Cymoxanil 15% + Metalaxyl 02% SC” @ 832.5ml/ha, applied at specific dosages of each component.
Effectiveness: Treatment-7 of Protocol-A was observed as the most suitable, effective, and economical option for controlling Tomato Early and Late blight diseases without causing any phytotoxic effects on the Tomato crop.

Success of the Novel Trimix-Fungicide Combination/Formulation:The success of the novel combination/formulation (JU (3) VF-35152) is attributed to positive synergy between the different active ingredients and their unique ratio/composition/formulation, which provides superior disease control without harming the crops. In contrast, the market-standard products when applied together as tank-mixed(T-5)might have an antagonistic effect due to their different compositions/formulations and ratios, leading to phytotoxicity at higher concentrations.

Phytotoxicity: Results shown in Table-7 and Table 8 of Protocol-A indicated that the success of the Novel Trimix-Fungicide Combination can be attributed to potential positive synergies among the three distinct active molecules in the formulation. This synergistic effect, combined with the specific ratio and composition/formulation of the ingredients, likely contributed to the observed efficacy against Early and Late blight diseases. The results suggest that the combination's unique formulation led to enhanced disease control without harming the Tomato crop.

Interestingly, combining the products of the three market-standard treatments (T-5) as a tank mix also demonstrated good disease control effects. However, this approach resulted in significant phytotoxicity, causing leaf injuries, surface tip damage, and necrosis in the Tomato plants. This adverse outcome might be attributed to the potential antagonistic interactions between the various compositions/formulations and ratios of the individual market-standard products, as well as the high concentration of active ingredients in the tank mix. ,CLAIMS:
1) A fungicidal composition comprising a) chlorothalonil as first active ingredient b) cymoxanil as second active ingredient and c) Metalyxyl as third active ingredient, wherein Chlorothalonil is present in an amount ranging from 20-50%w/w, Cymoxanil is present in an amount ranging from 5-30 %w/w, and metalyxyl is present in an amount ranging from 0.1-8%w/w.
2) The fungicidal composition as claimed in claim 1, further comprising at least one agriculturally acceptable excipient.
3) The fungicidal composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein said fungicidal composition is formulated in a form selected from the group consisting of water- soluble concentrates (SL), emulsifiable concentrates (EC), emulsions (EW), micro-emulsions (ME), Suspension concentrates (SC), oil-based suspension concentrates (OD), flowable suspensions (FS), water-dispersible granules (WG), water- soluble granules (SG), wettable powders (WP), water soluble powders (SP), dry flowables (DF), granules (GR), encapsulated granules (CG), fine granules (FG), macrogranules (GG),aqueous Suspoemulsions (SE), capsule suspensions (CS) and microgranules (MG).
4) The fungicidal composition as claimed in claim 3, wherein said fungicidal composition is in the form of Suspension concentrate (SC) formulation.
5) The fungicidal composition as claimed in claim 4, wherein said fungicidal composition further comprises at least a wetting agent, at least a dispersing agent, at least a defoaming agent, atleast a rheology modifier, atleast a biocide.

6) The fungicidal composition as claimed in claim 5, wherein said at least a disperse agent is selected from the group consisting of sodium lignosulphonates, sodium naphthalene sulphonateformaldehyde condensates, aliphatic alcohol ethoxylates, tristyrylphenolethoxylates and esters, ethylene oxide/propylene oxide block copolymers, polymeric dispersant and combinations thereof.; and wherein said at least a dispersing agent is present in an amount ranging from 2-5% w/w of the fungicidal composition.
7) The fungicidal composition as claimed in claim 5, wherein said at least a wetting agent is selected from the group consisting of blend of alkyl naphthalene sulfonate, sodium salt, sodium laurel sulphate, polymeric co-dispersant and combinations thereof.; and wherein said wetting agent is present in an amount ranging from 2-5% w/w of the fungicidal composition.
8) The fungicidal composition as claimed in claim 5, wherein said at least an defoaming agent is selected from the group consisting of silicone emulsions, silicon based defoamer long- chain alcohols, fatty acids, organic fluorine compounds, and combinations thereof; and wherein said at least a defoaming agent is present in an amount ranging from 0.1-.5% w/w of the fungicidal composition.
9) The fungicidal composition as claimed in claim 5, wherein said atleast a rheology modifier is selected from the group consisting of clay, fumed silica, cellulosics, acrylics, speacility clays , xanthum gum and combinations thereof, and wherein said at a carrier is present in an amount ranging from 0.1-0.5% w/w of the fungicidal composition.
10) The fungicidal composition as claimed in claim 5 , wherein said atleast a biocide is selected from the group consisiting of sodium benzoate, 1,2- benzisothiazoline-3-one, 2-5 methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, 5-chloro-2-methyl-4- isothiazolin-3-one, potassium sorbate, para hydroxy benzoates or mixtures thereof and wherein said at a biocide is present in an amount ranging from 0.1-0.5%

11) The fungicidal composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein Chlorothalonil is present in an amount of 35% w/w, cymoxanil is present in an amount of 15% w/w, and metalyxyl is present in an amount of 2% w/w of the fungicidal composition.

12) A process for preparing a fungicidal composition as claimed in claim 1 as a suspension concentrate formulation, said process comprising:
a) The desired quantity of Dimineralised water were weighed and added into the high steer mixing kettle, then the polyethylene glycol 3% was added and it was mixed it to half an hour to obtained homogenous mass
b) The polydispersant 2% and co-polydispersant0.2% were added in above homogenous mass and then added chlorothalonil 35% and stirred at 1500 RPM and mixed it for an half an hour.
c) The technical ,cymoxanil 15% and metalxyl 2% were added step by step into a reaction mixture silicon based defoamer0.2% and then it was mixed it for an half hour
d) After getting homogenous suspension mass the xanthum gum .2% were added with pre added Benzisothiazolinone .2%.