DESC:Technical field of the Invention:
The present invention relates to a synergistic fungicidal composition for Agricultural use. More particularly, the present invention relates to a synergistic fungicidal composition comprising; (a) at least one strobilurin selected from Trifloxystrobin, Pyraclostrobin, Kresoxim methyl, Picoxystrobin or Azoxystrobin; (b) at least one triazole selected from Difenoconazole, Hexaconazole, Propiconazole, Tebuconazole, Cyproconazole, Prothioconazole, Tetraconazole, Triticonazole, Epoxiconazole or Flusilazole, and (c) at least one fungicide selected from Dodine, Captan, Ziram, Propineb, Thiophanate Methyl, Metiram, Zineb, Chlorothalonil, Dimethomorph, Boscalid, Fluxapyroxad or Metrafenone-PM; along with agrochemically acceptable excipients.

The present invention further relates to a method of effectively controlling fungal infestation/diseases by applying said synergistic fungicidal composition on variety of crops, fruits and vegetables, thereby improving crop health and increasing crop yield.

The present invention also relates to a process for preparation of said synergistic fungicidal composition.

Background and Prior art of the Invention:
Fungi are the major cause of crop loss worldwide. Most crops are subject to attack by several fungi. Fungi cause serious damage in agriculture, resulting in significant reduction in yield, productivity, quality and profit. Fungicides are compounds of natural or synthetic origin, which act to protect plants against damage caused by fungi. Fungicides prevent and cure diseases which have severe adverse effects on crop yield and quality. Current methods of agriculture rely heavily on the use of fungicides. Use of fungicides allows a grower to increase the yield and quality of the crop and consequently, increase the value of the crop. Although there are available numerous fungicides which aid in preventing diseases of plants, each of these has practical deficiencies, which restrict its use.

In a single or solo administration of fungicide, the activity is very limited thereby disease control is narrow. The main concern with the repeated use of fungicide in solo formulations is the development of resistance by the pathogen for that particular fungicide and at the end one has to apply more concentrated formulation of the fungicide. The high amount of fungicide may result in the toxicity to human beings as well as have bad effects on the environment. To reduce the risk of development of resistant strains, mixtures of different active compounds are nowadays conventionally employed for controlling harmful fungus or pathogen. It is possible to ensure successful control over a relatively long period of time by combining active compounds having different mechanisms of action.

There is also a requirement of a stable fungicidal composition combining more than one active ingredient that has a synergistic effect and thereby reduce the need for multiple individual applications while providing better fungicidal activity. Further requirement also includes a combination products having synergistic effect which can be extensively applied in the field of agricultural for controlling wide spectra of fungi which also exhibits good physical and chemical stability.

The combinations of fungicides are often used to facilitate disease control, to broaden spectrum of control and to retard resistance development.

US9538761 discloses a pesticidal composition comprising sulphur, a fungicide selected from the group consisting of cymoxanil, fenhexamid, fenamidone, cyazofamid, chlorothalonil, kresoxim methyl, azoxystrobin, trifloxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, iprodione, validamycin, kasugamycin, cyprodinil, pencycuron, hexaconazole, prochloraz, epoxiconazole, prothioconaozole, trifloxystrobin, thiophanate methyl, spiroxamine, metrafenone or their salts thereof and at least one agrochemically acceptable excipient.

CN110710532 discloses an application of a sterilization composition containing trifloxystrobin and difenoconazole in reducing or preventing citrus plants from being infected by toxins formed by diaporthe fungi. A sterilization composition containing trifloxystrobin and difenoconazole is used for simultaneously treating or respectively treating leaves, fruits, branches and trunks of the citrus plants.

CN102067881 discloses a novel formulation of a pesticide bactericide composition, and particularly relates to a difenoconazole and sulfur compounded suspending agent and a preparation method thereof.

IN202041037394 discloses a synergistic oil dispersion composition comprising Mancozeb, Pyraclostrobin, Propiconazole, rheology modifier, emulsifiers, dispersing agents and base oil. However, the use of said composition is only limited to paddy rice, dry-seeded rice crops and fungal diseases thereof.

Thus, there is still a need of new advantageous combinations to provide a variety of options to best satisfy particular plant disease control needs with higher uptake of active ingredient with enhanced efficacy, reduced toxicity and increased shelf life and stability. There is also a need for a synergistic combination which can provide broad spectrum control while having reduced rate of application and dose and yet provide enhanced disease control efficacy resulting in enhanced plant/crop yield.

Therefore, it is an object of the present invention is to provide a solution to aforesaid needs by preparing a synergistic composition with combination of fungicides which demonstrates high and faster disease control efficacy, reduced plant toxicity, reduced crop protection cost and reduced environmental load along with increased shelf life and stability of the composition.

The inventors of the present invention have come up with a unique synergistic fungicidal composition comprising combination of contact, translaminar and systemic fungicide; wherein the present synergistic composition act as protectant, curative and also eradicate fungal diseases. Since the present synergistic composition comprises broad spectrum fungicides, it also acts on variety of diseases. Further the mode of action of each component in the present synergistic fungicidal composition is different, hence there is no fear of resistance development or cross resistance under multiple spray schedules.

Object of the Invention:
In accordance with the above, it is an object of the present invention is to provide a synergistic fungicidal composition for agricultural use comprising combination of; (a) at least one strobilurin selected from Trifloxystrobin, Pyraclostrobin, Kresoxim methyl, Picoxystrobin or Azoxystrobin; (b) at least one triazole selected from Difenoconazole, Hexaconazole, Propiconazole, Tebuconazole, Cyproconazole, Prothioconazole, Tetraconazole, Triticonazole, Epoxiconazole or Flusilazole and (c) at least one fungicide selected from Dodine, Captan, Ziram, Propineb, Thiophanate Methyl, Metiram, Zineb, Chlorothalonil, Dimethomorph, Boscalid, Fluxapyroxad or Metrafenone-PM along with agrochemically acceptable excipients.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a process for preparation of said synergistic fungicidal composition.

Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a method of effectively controlling fungal infestation/diseases by applying present synergistic fungicidal composition on variety of crops, fruits and vegetables.

Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a method of effectively improving crop health and increasing crop yield of variety of crops, fruits and vegetables using present synergistic fungicidal composition.

Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a synergistic fungicidal composition which is active against all life stages of major plant pathogens.

Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a synergistic fungicidal composition that controls disease severity on different variety of crops, fruits and vegetables.

Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a synergistic fungicidal composition which is totally safe with no phytotoxic effect on crops, fruits and vegetables.

Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a synergistic fungicidal composition that is stable at higher temperature conditions without affecting content and suspensibility of actives.

Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a synergistic fungicidal composition with increased shelf life and storage stability.

Summary of the Invention:
In accordance with the above objective, in an aspect the present invention describes a synergistic fungicidal composition for agricultural use comprising combination of; (a) at least one strobilurin selected from Trifloxystrobin, Pyraclostrobin, Kresoxim methyl, Picoxystrobin or Azoxystrobin; (b) at least one triazole selected from Difenoconazole, Hexaconazole, Propiconazole, Tebuconazole, Cyproconazole, Prothioconazole, Tetraconazole, Triticonazole, Epoxiconazole or Flusilazole and (c) at least one fungicide selected from Dodine, Captan, Ziram, Propineb, Thiophanate Methyl, Metiram, Zineb, Chlorothalonil, Dimethomorph, Boscalid, Fluxapyroxad or Metrafenone-PM; along with agrochemically acceptable excipients.

In another aspect, the strobilurin selected from Trifloxystrobin, Pyraclostrobin, Kresoxim methyl, Picoxystrobin or Azoxystrobin is present in an amount of 0.1% to 25% by weight of the total composition.

In another aspect, the triazole selected from Difenoconazole, Hexaconazole, Propiconazole, Tebuconazole, Cyproconazole, Prothioconazole, Tetraconazole, Triticonazole, Epoxiconazole or Flusilazole is present in an amount of 0.50% to 30% by weight of the total composition.

In another aspect, the fungicide ingredient of the present composition selected from Dodine, Captan, Ziram (Zinc dimethyldithiocarbamate), Propineb, Thiophanate Methyl, Metiram, Zineb, Chlorothalonil, Dimethomorph, Boscalid, Fluxapyroxad or Metrafenone-PM is present in an amount of 5% to 62% by weight of the total composition.

In another aspect, the agrochemically acceptable excipients of the present composition are selected from dispersing/co-dispersing agents, wetting/co-wetting agents, anti-foaming agents/deformer, anti-freezing agents, coating agents, anti-bacterial agents/biocides, binder/co-binders, stabilizers, emulsifiers, curing agents, rheology modifiers, sticking agents, preservatives, solvent/co-solvents and fillers, and these excipients are present in an amount of 0.01% to 25% by weight of the total composition.

In yet another aspect, the synergistic fungicidal composition of the present invention is formulated in different dosage forms such as Capsule suspension (CS), Dispersible concentrate (DC), Dustable powder (DP), Powder for dry seed treatment (DS), Emulsifiable concentrate (EC), Emulsifiable granule (EG), Emulsion water in-oil (EO), Emulsifiable powder (EP), Emulsion for seed treatment (ES), Emulsion oil-in-water (EW), Flowable concentrate for seed treatment (FS), Granules (GR), Controlled (Slow or Fast) release granules (CR), Jambo balls or bags (bags in water soluble pouch), Solution for foliar spray (LS), Micro-emulsion (ME), Oil-dispersion (OD), Oil miscible flowable concentrate (OF), Oil miscible liquid (OL), Oil dispersible powder (OP), Suspension concentrate (SC), Suspension concentrate for direct application (SD), Suspo-emulsion (SE), Water soluble granule (SG), Soluble concentrate (SL), Spreading oil (SO), Water soluble powder (SP), Water soluble tablet (ST), Ultra-low volume (ULV) Tablet (TB), Aerosol (AE), Ultra-low volume (ULV) suspension (SU), Ultra-low volume liquid (UL), Water dispersible granules (WG or WDG), Wettable powder (WP), Water dispersible powder (WDP), Water dispersible tablet (WT), Zeon concentrate (ZC) - mixed formulation of CS and SC, a mixed formulation of CS and SE (ZE), a mixed formulation of CS and EW (ZW).

In yet another aspect, the present invention discloses the process for preparation of different types of composition; wherein, these compositions are prepared by mixing appropriate quantity of active ingredients with agrochemically acceptable excipients under certain appropriate conditions.

In yet another aspect, the present invention describes a method of effectively controlling fungal infestation/diseases, improving crop health and increasing crop yield by applying synergistic fungicidal composition of the present invention on infected areas of different varieties of crops, fruits and vegetables.

In yet another aspect, the present invention describes a synergistic fungicidal composition which is active against all life stages of major plant pathogens and it controls disease severity on different varieties of crops, fruits and vegetables without showing any phytotoxic effect.

In yet another aspect, the present invention describes a synergistic fungicidal composition that is stable at higher temperature conditions without affecting the suspensibility and content of actives, thereby increasing shelf life and storage stability of the composition.

Detailed Description of the Invention:
The present invention will now be described in detail in connection with certain embodiments, so that various aspects thereof may be fully understood and appreciated.

The phrase “Synergistic” used herein, refer as the interaction of two or more active agents combined together and apply conjointly to produce an effect which is greater than the sum of their individual effects.

The phrase “Fungicides” used herein refer as biocidal chemical compounds used to kill parasitic fungi or their spores and fight fungal infection.

The phrase, "Effective amount" used herein refer as an amount of the active ingredient that when applied is sufficient to achieve a good level of control.

The present invention discloses a unique synergistic fungicidal composition comprising combination of contact, translaminar and systemic fungicide.

Mode of action of fungicides:
Contact fungicides are also called as protectant fungicides. Contact fungicides do not enter the plant, but controls the growth of fungi when it comes in contact with fungicide during the application. They work on the leaf surface to prevent fungal spores from germinating or penetrating the plant. These fungicides require the most care in application as complete coverage is essential for effectiveness.

Translaminar fungicides penetrate into the plant tissue and are moved within a plant organ such as a leaf, but do not travel to other parts of the plant. Translaminar fungicides redistribute the fungicide from the upper, sprayed leaf surface to the lower, unsprayed leaf surface.

Systemic fungicide is the one which is taken up by a plant and is then translocated within the plant system, it can there by protect the plant from infections and restrict/control the further growth of existing fungal infection.

The strobilurin fungicides works by inhibiting the fungi's ability undergo normal respiration. Strobilurins control a wide range of fungi classes such as ascomycetes, basidiomycetes and oomycetes. Strobilurins control certain diseases which caused by water molds, downy mildews, powdery mildews, leaf spotting and blighting fungi, fruit rotter and rusts. Also, they are used on a wide variety of crops, including cereals, field crops, fruits, tree nuts, vegetables and ornamentals.

Triazole fungicides are widely used to prevent fungal diseases in agriculture, thereby protecting vegetables, fruits and crops. Triazoles are used on many different types of plants including field crops, fruit trees, small fruit, vegetables, and turf. These fungicides are highly effective against many different fungal diseases, especially powdery mildews, rusts, and many leaf-spotting fungi.

The fungicide selected from Dodine, Captan, Ziram (Zinc dimethyldithiocarbamate), Propineb, Thiophanate Methyl, Metiram, Zineb, Chlorothalonil, Dimethomorph, Boscalid, Fluxapyroxad or Metrafenone-PM are having broad spectrum activity against various fungal disease, foliar disease and plant diseases such as black rot, early and late blight, powdery mildew, downy mildew and the like.

Thus the present invention combines these effective fungicides and provides a synergistic fungicidal composition that efficaciously controls the broad spectrum of fungal diseases.

Accordingly, in one preferred embodiment, the present invention discloses a synergistic fungicidal composition for effective control of fungal infestation/diseases on variety of crops, fruits and vegetables comprising;
(a) at least one strobilurin selected from Trifloxystrobin, Pyraclostrobin, Kresoxim methyl, Picoxystrobin or Azoxystrobin in an amount of 0.1% to 25%;
(b) at least one triazole selected from Difenoconazole, Hexaconazole, Propiconazole, Tebuconazole, Cyproconazole, Prothioconazole, Tetraconazole, Triticonazole, Epoxiconazole or Flusilazole in an amount of 0.50% to 30%; and
(c) at least one fungicide selected from Dodine, Captan, Ziram (Zinc dimethyldithiocarbamate), Propineb, Thiophanate Methyl, Metiram, Zineb, Chlorothalonil, Dimethomorph, Boscalid, Fluxapyroxad or Metrafenone-PM in an amount of 5% to 62%;
alongwith agrochemically acceptable excipients in an amount of 0.01% to 25% by weight of the total composition.

In another preferred embodiment, the present invention discloses a synergistic fungicidal composition for effective control of fungal infestation/diseases on variety of crops, fruits and vegetables comprising;
a) Trifloxystrobin in an amount of 0.1% to 25%;
b) Difenoconazole in an amount of 0.50% to 30%; and
c) Dodine in an amount of 5% to 62%;
alongwith agrochemically acceptable excipients in an amount of 0.01% to 25% by weight of the total composition.

The agrochemically acceptable excipients of the present synergistic fungicidal composition are selected from dispersing/co-dispersing agents, wetting/co-wetting agents, anti-foaming agents/deformer, anti-freezing agents, coating agents, anti-bacterial agents/biocides, binder/co-binders, stabilizers, emulsifiers, curing agents, rheology modifiers, sticking agents, preservatives, solvent/co-solvents, fillers and the like.

Examples of dispersing/co-dispersing agents include but not limited to sodium ligno sulphonates; sodium naphthalene sulphonate formaldehyde condensates; tristyryl phenol ethoxylate phosphate esters, polyarylphenyl ether phosphate, polyalkelene glycol ether, tristyrylphenol ethoxylate amine salt of phosphate, tristyryl phenol ethylated, acrylic co-polymer, acrylate copolymer, acrylic copolymer sodium salt, alkyl naphthalene sulfonate, naphthalene sulfonic acid, sodium alkyl naphthalene sulfonate blend, sodium polycarboxylate, sodium polyacrylate, ethoxylated oleyl cetyl alcohol, ethoxylated tristryl phenol sulphate, ethoxylated fatty alcohol, polymeric non-aqueous dispersing agent, polyoxyethylene isotridecanol, tristyrylphenol ethoxylate phosphate ester, sodium salt condensate with formaldehyde, aliphatic alcohol ethoxylates; alky ethoxylates; EO-PO block copolymers; and graft copolymers, either alone or mixtures thereof.

Examples of wetting/co-wetting agents include but not limited to block copolymer, alkoxylated alcohol, ethoxylated propoxylated alcohol, polyalkoxylated butyl ether, sodium alkyl sulphate, sodium lauryl sulphate, sodium alkyl benzene sulfonate, dioctyl sulfosuccinate, polyoxyethylene sorbitol hexaoleate, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate, polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene sorbitan monolaurate, tristyrylphenol ethoxylate, alkoxyleted alcohol, block copolymer, sodium dioctyl sulpho succinate, alkyl phenol ethoxylates and aliphatic alcohol ethoxylates, either alone or mixtures thereof.

Examples of anti-foaming agent/deformer include but not limited to siloxane polyalkyleneoxide, polydimethylsiloxane, silicon based agents, either alone or mixtures thereof.

Examples of anti-freezing agent include but not limited to glycol, polyethylene glycols, monoethylene glycol, glycerin, diethylene glycol, propane-1,2-diol, methoxy polyethylene glycols, polypropylene glycols, polybutylene glycols, glycerin and ethylene glycol, either alone or mixtures thereof.

Examples of coating agents include but not limited to Polyisocyanates, Polydiisocyanates, polymethylene polyphenylene isocyanate (PMPPI), hexamethylene diisocyanate (HMDI), Napthalene diisocyanate, Methylene bis-cyclohexylisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) or 4,4' methylenebis (cyclohexyl isocyanate), polyphenylisocyanate, Polymethylene polyphenylisocyanate, Toluene diisocyanate, and/or trimers of HMDI or IPDI, Trimethyl hexamethylene, Xylene diisocyanate, Tetramethyl xylene diisocyanate, Hexahydrotoluylene diisocyanate (HTDI), methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) and blocked polyisocyanates either alone or mixtures thereof.

Examples of anti-bacterial agent/biocide include but not limited to benzisothiazolin-3-one, formaldehyde, sodium benzoate, sodium o-phenyl phenate, 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, either alone or mixtures thereof.

Examples of binders/co-binder include but not limited to aluminium silicate, precipitated silica, fumed silica, diatomaceous earth, glucose polymers: amylose and amylopectin, a branched form, lactose anhydrous, silicic acid, sodium lignosulonate, modified phyllosilicate, either alone or mixtures thereof.

Examples of stabilizers include but not limited to polysaccharides, carboxymethyl cellulose, bentonite clay, aluminum magnesium silicate, either alone or mixtures thereof.

Examples of emulsifiers include but not limited to calcium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, tristyryl phenyl ethoxylate, calcium alkyl benzen sulfonate, either alone or mixtures thereof.

Examples of curing agents include but not limited to amine compound, aromatic amines, aliphatic amines, polyamides, cycloaliphatic amines, anhydrides and imidazoles, either alone or mixtures thereof.

Examples of rheology modifier include but not limited to polysaccharides, carboxymethyl cellulose, bentonite clay, aluminum magnesium silicate, either alone or mixtures thereof.

Examples of sticking agents include but not limited to polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyoxyethylene lauryl ether, either alone or mixtures thereof.

Examples of preservatives include but not limited to 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one, benzoic acid, sodium benzoate, propionic acid, sorbic acid, and sodium diacetate, either alone or mixture thereof.

Example of solvent/co-solvent include but not limited to aromatic solvent, di-methyl formamide, N-methyl pyrrolidone, heavy aromatic naptha, either alone or mixtures thereof.

Examples of filler include but not limited to DM water, silicon dioxide, china-clay, kaolin, talc, starch, urea formaldehyde resin, aluminium silicate, methylated oleic acid ester, methylated fatty acid ester, either alone or mixtures thereof.

In another embodiment, the synergistic fungicidal composition of the present invention is formulated in different dosage forms such as Capsule suspension (CS), Dispersible concentrate (DC), Dustable powder (DP), Powder for dry seed treatment (DS), Emulsifiable concentrate (EC), Emulsifiable granule (EG), Emulsion water in-oil (EO), Emulsifiable powder (EP), Emulsion for seed treatment (ES), Emulsion oil-in-water (EW), Flowable concentrate for seed treatment (FS), Granules (GR), Controlled (Slow or Fast) release granules (CR), Jambo balls or bags (bags in water soluble pouch), Solution for foliar spray (LS), Micro-emulsion (ME), Oil-dispersion (OD), Oil miscible flowable concentrate (OF), Oil miscible liquid (OL), Oil dispersible powder (OP), Suspension concentrate (SC), Suspension concentrate for direct application (SD), Suspo-emulsion (SE), Water soluble granule (SG), Soluble concentrate (SL), Spreading oil (SO), Water soluble powder (SP), Water soluble tablet (ST), Ultra-low volume (ULV) Tablet (TB), Aerosol (AE), Ultra-low volume (ULV) suspension (SU), Ultra-low volume liquid (UL), Water dispersible granules (WG or WDG), Wettable powder (WP), Water dispersible powder (WDP), Water dispersible tablet (WT), Zeon concentrate (ZC) - mixed formulation of CS and SC, a mixed formulation of CS and SE (ZE), a mixed formulation of CS and EW (ZW).

In another preferred embodiment, the synergistic fungicidal composition of the present invention is formulated as Suspension concentrate (SC), Capsule suspension (CS), Water dispersible granule (WG or WDG), Wettable powder (WP), Zeon concentrate (ZC) - mixed formulation of CS and SC, Micro-emulsion (ME), Oil-dispersion (OD), Emulsifiable concentrate (EC) and the like.

In another embodiment, the active ingredients used in the present synergistic fungicidal composition viz., Trifloxystrobin, Difenoconazole and Dodine is having 95%, 92% and 96% purity, respectively.

In another embodiment, the present invention discloses the process for preparation of different formulations/compositions types such as Suspension concentrate (SC), Capsule suspension (CS), Water dispersible granule (WG or WDG), Wettable powder (WP), Zeon concentrate (ZC) - mixed formulation of CS and SC, Micro-emulsion (ME), Oil-dispersion (OD), and Emulsifiable concentrate (EC); wherein these formulations/compositions prepared by mixing required quantity of active ingredients with agrochemically acceptable excipients under certain appropireate conditions. The process for preparation of each composition is provided in the example section.

The present invention discloses a synergistic fungicidal composition that is useful as plant disease control agents. The present invention therefore further comprises a method for effectively controlling plant diseases caused by fungal plant pathogens comprising applying to the plant or portion thereof to be protected, or to the plant seed or seedling to be protected, an effective amount of a mixtures of the invention or a fungicidal composition containing said mixture.

In yet another preferred embodiment, the present invention discloses a method of effectively controlling fungal infestation/diseases on infected varieties of crops, fruits and vegetables by applying synergistic fungicidal composition comprising;
(a) at least one strobilurin selected from Trifloxystrobin, Pyraclostrobin, Kresoxim methyl, Picoxystrobin or Azoxystrobin in an amount of 0.1% to 25%;
(b) at least one triazole selected from Difenoconazole, Hexaconazole, Propiconazole, Tebuconazole, Cyproconazole, Prothioconazole, Tetraconazole, Triticonazole, Epoxiconazole or Flusilazole in an amount of 0.50% to 30%; and
(c) at least one fungicide selected from Dodine, Captan, Ziram (Zinc dimethyldithiocarbamate), Propineb, Thiophanate Methyl, Metiram, Zineb, Chlorothalonil, Dimethomorph, Boscalid, Fluxapyroxad or Metrafenone-PM in an amount of 5% to 62%;
alongwith agrochemically acceptable excipients in an amount of 0.01% to 25% by weight of the total composition.

Accordingly, in another preferred embodiment, the present invention discloses a method of effectively controlling fungal infestation/diseases on infected areas of variety of crops, fruits and vegetables by applying synergistic fungicidal composition comprising;
a) Trifloxystrobin in an amount of 0.1% to 25%;
b) Difenoconazole in an amount of 0.50% to 30%; and
c) Dodine in an amount of 5% to 62%;
alongwith agrochemically acceptable excipients in an amount of 0.01% to 25% by weight of the total composition.

In yet another embodiment, the present invention discloses a method of effectively improving crop health and increasing crop yield of variety of crops, fruits and vegetables by applying synergistic fungicidal composition of the present invention comprising;
(a) at least one strobilurin selected from Trifloxystrobin, Pyraclostrobin, Kresoxim methyl, Picoxystrobin or Azoxystrobin in an amount of 0.1% to 25%;
(b) at least one triazole selected from Difenoconazole, Hexaconazole, Propiconazole, Tebuconazole, Cyproconazole, Prothioconazole, Tetraconazole, Triticonazole, Epoxiconazole or Flusilazole in an amount of 0.50% to 30%; and
(c) at least one fungicide selected from Dodine, Captan, Ziram (Zinc dimethyldithiocarbamate), Propineb, Thiophanate Methyl, Metiram, Zineb, Chlorothalonil, Dimethomorph, Boscalid, Fluxapyroxad or Metrafenone-PM in an amount of 5% to 62%;
alongwith agrochemically acceptable excipients in an amount of 0.01% to 25% by weight of the total composition.

In yet another embodiment, the present invention discloses a method of effectively improving crop health and increasing crop yield of variety of crops, fruits and vegetables by applying synergistic fungicidal composition of the present invention comprising; (i) Trifloxystrobin in an amount of 0.1% to 25%; (ii) Difenoconazole in an amount of 0.50% to 30% and (iii) Dodine in an amount of 5% to 62% along with agrochemically acceptable excipients in an amount of 0.01% to 25% by weight of the total composition.

In yet another embodiment, the present invention discloses a method of controlling disease severity on different variety of crops, fruits and vegetables by applying synergistic fungicidal composition of the present invention comprising;
(a) at least one strobilurin selected from Trifloxystrobin, Pyraclostrobin, Kresoxim methyl, Picoxystrobin or Azoxystrobin in an amount of 0.1% to 25%;
(b) at least one triazole selected from Difenoconazole, Hexaconazole, Propiconazole, Tebuconazole, Cyproconazole, Prothioconazole, Tetraconazole, Triticonazole, Epoxiconazole or Flusilazole in an amount of 0.50% to 30%; and
(c) at least one fungicide selected from Dodine, Captan, Ziram (Zinc dimethyldithiocarbamate), Propineb, Thiophanate Methyl, Metiram, Zineb or Chlorothalonil, Dimethomorph, Boscalid, Fluxapyroxad or Metrafenone-PM in an amount of 5% to 62%;
alongwith agrochemically acceptable excipients in an amount of 0.01% to 25% by weight of the total composition.

In yet another embodiment, the present invention discloses a method of controlling disease severity on different variety of crops, fruits and vegetables by applying synergistic fungicidal composition of the present invention comprising; (i) Trifloxystrobin in an amount of 0.1% to 25%; (ii) Difenoconazole in an amount of 0.50% to 30% and (iii) Dodine in an amount of 5% to 62% along with agrochemically acceptable excipients in an amount of 0.01% to 25% by weight of the total composition.

In yet another embodiment, the present invention discloses a synergistic fungicidal composition comprising; (a) at least one strobilurin selected from Trifloxystrobin, Pyraclostrobin Kresoxim methyl, Picoxystrobin or Azoxystrobin; (b) at least one triazole selected from Difenoconazole, Hexaconazole, Propiconazole, Tebuconazole, Cyproconazole, Prothioconazole, Tetraconazole, Triticonazole, Epoxiconazole or Flusilazole and (c) at least one fungicide selected from Dodine, Captan, Ziram, Propineb, Thiophanate Methyl, Metiram, Zineb, Chlorothalonil, Dimethomorph, Boscalid, Fluxapyroxad or Metrafenone-PM; along with agrochemically acceptable excipients; that is totally safe with no phytotoxic effect on crops, fruits and vegetables and is active against all life stages of major plant pathogens.

In yet another embodiment, the present invention discloses a synergistic fungicidal composition comprising; (a) at least one strobilurin selected from Trifloxystrobin, Pyraclostrobin Kresoxim methyl, Picoxystrobin or Azoxystrobin; (b) at least one triazole selected from Difenoconazole, Hexaconazole, Propiconazole, Tebuconazole, Cyproconazole, Prothioconazole, Tetraconazole, Triticonazole, Epoxiconazole or Flusilazole and (c) at least one fungicide selected from Dodine, Captan, Ziram, Propineb, Thiophanate Methyl, Metiram, Zineb, Chlorothalonil, Dimethomorph, Boscalid, Fluxapyroxad or Metrafenone-PM; along with agrochemically acceptable excipients; that is stable at higher temperature conditions without affecting the suspensibility and active ingredient content, thereby increasing shelf life and storage stability of composition.

The variety of crops on which the present composition is used include Field crops such as rice, wheat barley, millets, corn and the like; Oil seed crops such as peanut, soybean, brassica, cotton, sesame and the like; Fruits such as apple, banana, citrus-lime fruits, grape, watermelon, pomegranate and the like; Stone fruits such as cherries, peaches, plum, apricot, lychees, mango and the like; and Vegetables such as tomato, potato, brinjal, okra, cole crops, beans, chili, ginger, onion, garlic and the like.

The synergistic fungicidal composition of the present invention is effective against following diseases and pathogen that are appeared on different varieties of crops/plants:
Sr. No. Variety Crop /
Plant Diseases and Pathogens
1. Field crops Rice

Blast (Magnaporthe grisea), Rice blast (Pyricularia grisea), Helminthosporium leaf spot (Cochliobolus miyabeanus), sheath blight (Rhizoctonia solani) and bakanae disease (Gibberella fujikuroi)
Wheat
Powdery mildew (Erysiphe graminis), Fusariuin head blight (Fusarium graminearum, F. avenacerum, F. culmorum, Microdochium nivale), Wheat rust (Puccinia striiformis, P. graminis, P. recondita), Pink snow mold (Micronectriella nivale), Typhula snow blight (Typhula sp.), Loose smut (Ustilago tritici), Bunt (Tilletia caries), Yespot (Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides), Leaf blotch (Mycosphaerella graminicola), Glume blotch (Stagonospora nodorum), Septoria and yellow spot (Pyrenophora tritici-repentis)
Barley
Powdery mildew (Erysiphe graminis), Fusarium head blight (Fusarium graminearum, F. avenacerum, F. culmorum, Microdochium nivale), Rust (Puccinia striiformis, P. graminis, P. hordei), Loose smut (Ustilago nuda), Scald (Rhynchosporium secalis), Net blotch (Pyrenophora teres), Spot blotch (Cochliobolus sativus), Leaf stripe (Pyrenophora graminea) and Rhizoctonia damping-off (Rhizoctonia solani)
Millets
Smut (Sporisorium reilianum, Sporisorium sorghi, Sporisorium cruenta, Tolyposporium ehrenbergii), Udbatta (Ephelis oryzae), Downy mildew (Peronosclerospora sorghi), Blast (Pyricularia grisea, Pyricularia grisea), Anthracnose (Colletotrichum graminicola), Rust (Puccinia purpurea), Leaf blight (Exserohilum turcicum, Bipolaris sorghicola, Cercospora sorghi, Gloeocercospora sorghi, Rhizoctonia solani), Rot (Sarocladium oryzae, Sclerotium rolfsii, Macrophomina phaseolina, Fusarium subglutinans)
Corn Smut (Ustilago maydis), Brown spot (Cochliobolus heterostrophus), Copper spot (Gloeocercospora sorghi), Southern rust (Puccinia polysora), Gray leaf spot (Cercospora zeae-maydis), White spot (Phaeosphaeria mydis and/or Pantoea ananatis) and Rhizoctonia damping-off (Rhizoctonia solani)
2. Oil seed crops Peanut
Leaf spot (Cercospora personata), Brown leaf spot (Cercospora arachidicola) and southern blight (Sclerotium rolfsii)
Soybean
Purple seed stain (Cercospora kikuchii), Sphaceloma scad (Elsinoe glycines), Pod and stem blight (Diaporthe phaseolorum var. sojae), Septoria brown spot (Septoria glycines), Frogeye leaf spot (Cercospora sojina), Rust (Phakopsora pachyrhizi), Yellow rust, brown stem rot (Phytophthora sojae), and Rhizoctonia damping-off (Rhizoctonia solani).
Brassica
White blister/white rust, Downy mildew, Powdery mildew, Club root, Fusarium wilts and rots, Anthracnose, Damping-off
Cotton
Anthracnose (Glomerella gossypii), Areolate mildew (Ramularia gossypii), Black root rot (Thielaviopsis basicola), Rhizoctonia damping-off (Rhizoctonia solani), Charcoal rot (Macrophomina phaseolina), Fusarium wilt Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Vasinfectum; Leaf spot (Alternaria macrospora, Alternaria alternate, Cercospora gossypina), Cochliobolus spicifer, Myrothecium roridum, Rhizoctonia solani; Powdery mildew (Leveillula taurica); Cotton rust (Puccinia schedonnardii)
Sesame
Root rot or stem rot or charcoal rot (Macrophomina phaseolina); Leaf blight (Alternaria sesame); Leaf spot (Cercospora sesame); Wilt (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. sesame); Stem blight (Phytophthora parasitica var. sesame); Powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum)
3. Fruits Apple
Blossom blight (Monilinia mali), Canker (Valsa ceratosperma), Powdery mildew (Podosphaera leucotricha), Alternaria leaf spot (Alternaria alternata apple pathotype), scab (Venturia inaequalis), Powdery mildew, Btter rot (Colletotrichum acutatum), Crown rot (Phytophtora cactorum), Blotch (Diplocarpon mali), and Ring rot (Botryosphaeria berengeriana)
Pears Blue mold (Penicillium expansum), Grey mold (Botrytis cinerea), Bitter rot (Colletrotrichum acutatum and Colletrotrichum gleosporioides), Black spot (Venturia pirina), Brown rot (Monolinia fructicola and Monolinia laxa), Bull’s eye rot (Neofabraea perennans Kienholz), Phytophthora rot (Phytophthora cactorum), Pink mold rot (Cephalothecium roseum Cda. and Trichothecium roseum), Powdery mildew (Podosphaera leucotricha), Rhizopus rot (Rhizopus stolonifer), Scab (Venturia pirina), Side rot (Phialophora malorum McColloch), Sooty blotch (Gloeodes pomigena), and Flyspeck (Schizothyrium pomi)
Banana
Black sigatoka (Mycosphaerella fijiensis), Yellow sigatoka (Mycosphaerella musicola)
Citrus & lime fruits Melanose (Diaporthe cirri), Scab (Elsinoe fawcetti), Penicillium rot (Penicillium digitatum, P. italicum), and Brown rot (Phytophthora parasitica, Phytophthora citrophthora)
Grape
Anthracnose (Elsinoe ampelina), Ripe rot (Glomerella cingulata), Powdery mildew (Uncinula necator), Rust (Phakopsora ampelopsidis), Black rot (Guignardia bidwellii), Botrytis, and Downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola).
Watermelon
Downy mildew (Pseudoperonospora cubensis), Powdery mildew (Erysiphe Cichoracearum / Sphaerotheca Fuliginea); Anthracnose (Colletotrichum orbiculare / Collectotrichum lagenarium); Alternaria leaf spot (Alternaria cucumerina); Fusarium wilt (Fusarium oxysporum F. sp. Niveum); Gummy stem blight (Didymella Bryoniae)
Pomegranate
Alternaria fruit spot (Alternaria alternate); Anthracnose (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides); Cercospora fruit spot (Cercospora punicae); Cercospora leaf spot (Cercospora punicae)
4. Stone fruits Cherries
Powdery mildew (Podosphaera clandestine); Anthracnose
(Colletotrichum acutatum); Black knot (Apiosporina morbosa)
Peaches
Brown rot (Monilinia fructicola), Powdery mildew, Scab (Cladosporium carpophilum), Phomopsis rot (Phomopsis sp.); Brown rot (Monilinia fructicola)
Plum
Brown rot (Monilinia fructicola), Black knot (Apiosporina morbosa)
Apricot
Alternaria spot and fruit rot (Alternaria alternata), Brown rot blossom and twig blight and fruit rot (Monilinia fructicola); Dematophora root rot (Rosellinia necatrix), Green fruit rot (Botrytis cinerea); Leaf spot (Phyllosticta circumscissa), Powdery mildew (Podosphaera clandestine); Ripe fruit rot (Aspergillus niger); Scab (Cladosporium carpophilum)
Lychees
Corky bark lesions (Phoma species); Dieback, canker and leaf-spot symptoms (fungus Phomopsis spp); Leaf rot (Phyllosticta spp.); Root rot symptoms (Pythium spp.); Root rot (Rhizoctonia solani); Dieback symptoms (Spheropsis spp.)
Mango Alternaria leaf spots (Alternaria alternata); Anthracnose (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides); Black mildew (Meliola mangiferae); Black mold rot (Aspergillus niger); Blue mold (Penicillium expansum); Branch necrosis (Dothiorella sp.); Ceratocystis wilt (Ceratocystis fimbriata); Charcoal fruit/root rot (Macrophomina phaseolina); Crown rot (Fusarium solani); Fruit rot (Alternaria alternate, Phytophthora nicotianae, Pestalotiopsis mangiferae, Phyllosticta anacardiacearum); Gray leaf spot (Pestalotiopsis mangiferae); Leaf blight (Bipolaris hawaiiensis); Leaf spot (Curvularia lunata, Leptosphaeria sp., Macrophoma sp.); Powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum); Root rot (Cylindrocladiella peruviana, Phymatotrichopsis omnivora); Scab (Elsinoe mangiferae)
5. Vegetables Tomato
Alternaria stem canker (Alternaria alternata f. sp. lycopersici); Anthracnose (Colletotrichum coccodes, Colletotrichum dematium), Black mold rot (Alternaria alternate, Stemphylium botryosum, Stemphylium herbarum), Black root rot (Thielaviopsis basicola); Charcoal rot (Macrophomina phaseolina); Early blight (Alternaria solani); Fusarium wilt (Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici); Gray mold (Botrytis cinerea); Leaf mold (Fulvia fulva); Powdery mildew (Oidiopsis sicula); Rhizopus rot (Rhizopus stolonifer); Sour rot Geotrichum candidum; Verticillium wilt (Verticillium albo-atrum, Verticillium dahliae); White mold (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Sclerotinia minor)
Potato
Early blight (Alternaria solani), Late blight (Phytophthora infestans), pink rot (Phytophthora erythroseptica), and powdery scab (Spongospora subterranean f. sp. subterranea).
Brinjal
Damping off (Pythium spp., Phytophthora spp., Rhizoctonia spp.); Phomopsis blight (Phomopsis vexans); Leaf spot (Cercospora melongenae); Alternaria leaf spots (Altrenaria melongenae); Fruit rot (Phytophthora nicotianae); Verticillium wilt (Verticilium dahliae)
Okra
Damping off (Pythium sp., Rhizoctonia sp.); Fusarium wilt (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum); Powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum); Cercospora leaf spot (Cercospora abelmoschi and C. malayensis)
Cole crops
Pythium Damping-off (Pythium species), Downy mildew (Hyloperonospora brassicae), Alternaria leaf spot (Alternaria brassicicola); Black rot (Xanthomonas campestris); Black leg (Phoma lingam); Wirestem (Rhizoctonia solani), Fusarium Yellows (Fusarium oxysporum)
Beans
Anthracnose (Colletotrichum lindemthianum), Bean Rust, White Mold, Aerial Pythium
Chili
Die Back / Anthracnose (Colletotrichum capsici); Cercospora leaf spot (Cercospora capsici); Phytophthora leaf blight and Fruit rot (Phytophthora capsici); Fusarium wilt (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. capsici); Powdery mildew (Leveillula taurica); Damping-off (Pythium aphanidermatum)
Ginger
Dry rot (Fusarium and Pratylenchus complex); Soft rot Pythium aphanidrematum
Onion
Rust (Puccinia allii) and Downy mildew (Peronospora destructor); Leaf spot / blight (Phyllostricta zingiberi)
Garlic Basal rot (Fusarium culmorum), White rot (Sclerotium cepivorum), Downy mildew (Peronospora destructor), Botrytis rot (Botrytis porri) and Penicillium Decay (Penicillium hirsutum).

In yet another embodiment, the present invention discloses a synergistic fungicidal composition that provide control of diseases caused by a broad spectrum of fungal plant pathogens in the Basidiomycete, Ascomycete, Oomycete and Deuteromycete classes. They are effective in controlling a broad spectrum of plant diseases, particularly foliar pathogens of ornamental, vegetable, field, cereal, and fruit crops.

These pathogens include Oomycetes, including Phytophthora diseases such as Phytophthora infestans, Phytophthora megasperma, Phytophthora parasitica, Phytophthora cinnamoni, Phytophthora capsici; Pythium diseases such as Pythium aphani dermatum; and diseases in the Peronosporaceae family such as Plasmopara viticola, Peronospora sp. (including Peronospora tabacina and Peronospora parasitica), Pseudop eronospora sp. (including Pseudoperonospora cubensis) and Bremia lactucae.

Ascomycetes, including Alternaria diseases such as Alternaria Solani and Alternaria brasicae, Guignardia diseases such as Guignardia bidwel, Venturia diseases such as Venturia inaequalis, Septoria diseases such as Septoria nodorum and Septoria tritici; Powdery mildew diseases such as Erysiphe sp. (including Erysiphe graminis and Erysiphe polygoni), Uncinula necatur, Sphaerotheca filigena and Podosphaera leucotricha, Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides, Botrytis diseases such as Botrytis cinerea, Monilinia fructicola, Sclerotinia diseases such as Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Magnaporthe grisea, Phomopsis viti cola, Helminthosporium diseases such as Helminthosporium tritici repentis, Pyrenophora teres; anthracnose diseases such as Glomerella or Colletotrichum sp. (such as Colletotrichum graminicola); and Gaeumannomyces graminis.

Basidiomycetes, including rust diseases caused by Puccinia sp. (such as Puccinia recondita, Puccinia striformis, Puccinia hordei, Puccinia graminis, and Puccinia arachidis); Hemileia vastatrix; and Phakopsora pachyrhizi.

Other pathogens including Rhizoctonia spp. (such as Rhizoctonia solani); Fusarium diseases such as Fusarium roseum, Fusarium graminearum, Fusarium oxysporum, Verticilium dahliae, Sclerotium rolfsi, Rynchosporium secalis, Cercosporidium personatum, Cercospora arachidicola and Cercospora beticola, and other genera and species closely related to these pathogens.

In another optional embodiment the synergistic fungicidal composition of present invention can also be mixed with one or more insecticides, nematocides, bactericides, acaricides, growth regulators, chemosterilants, semiochemi cals, repelents, atractants, pheromones, feeding stimulants or other biologicaly active compounds to form a multicomponent pesticide giving an even broader spectrum of agricultural protection. Examples of such agricultural protectants with which compositions of this invention can be formulated are: insecticides such as abamectin, acephate, azinphos-methyl, bifenthrin, buprofezin, carbofuran, chlorfenapyr, chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos-methyl, cyfluthrin, beta cyfluthrin, cyhalothrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, deltamethrin, diafenthiuron, diazinon, diflubenZuron, dimethoate, esfenvalerate, fenoxycarb, fenpropathrin, fenvalerate, fipronil. flucythrinate, tau-fluvalinate, fonophos, imidacloprid, indoxacarb, isofenphos, malathion, metaldehyde, methamidophos, methidathion, methomyl, methoprene, methoxychlor, oxamyl, permethrin, phosalone, phosmet,phosphamidon, pirimicarb, profenofos, rotenone, Sulprofos, tebufenozide, tefluthrin, terbufos, tetrachlorvinphos, thiodicarb, tralomethrin, trichlorfon and triflumuron; bactericides such as streptomycin; acaricides such as amitraz, chinomethionat, chlorobenzilate, cyhexatin, dicofol, dienochlor, etoxazole, fenazaquin, fenbutatinoxide, fempropathrin, fenpyroximate, hexythiazox, propargite, pyridaben and tebufenpyrad; nematicides such as fenamiphos; and biological agents such as Bacilus thuringiensis, Bacilus thuringiensis deltaendotoxin, baculovirus, and entomopathogenic bacteria, virus and fungi.

Also noteworthy is the use of a synergistic fungicidal composition of present invention to provide effective control over the diseases caused by abroad spectrum of fungal pathogens preventatively or curatively by applying an effective amount of present mixture or composition either pre-or post-infection, to the portion of the plant to be protected such as the roots, stems, foliage, fruit, seeds, tubers or bulbs, or to the media (soil or sand) in which the plants to be protected are growing, or can also be applied to the seed to protect the seed and seedling.

Examples:
The examples illustrating different embodiments of the present invention are provided herein. However, these are exemplary only and should not be regarded as limiting the elements of the present invention.

Example 1: Suspension Concentrate (SC) Compositions:
No. Ingredients % w/w Role / Function
1. Trifloxystrobin Technical (95% purity) 0.25-25% Active ingredient
2. Difenoconazole Technical (92% purity) 0.50-30% Active ingredient
3. Dodine Technical (96% purity) 5%-62% Active ingredient
4. Polyarylphenyl ether phosphate, Tristyryl phenol ethylated / Acrylic Copolymer / Ethoxylated Tristryl Phenol Sulphate, Naphthalene sulfonic acid, Sodium salt condensate with formaldehyde, Ethoxylated oleyl cetyl alcohol, Polyalkelene glycol ether, Ethoxylated Fatty alcohol 0.5-6% Dispersing Agents
5. Tristyrylphenol ethoxylate nonionic emulsifier / Mixture of non-ionic surfactants and Alkoxyleted Alcohol / Block copolymer 0.5-6% Wetting Agents
6. Siloxane polyalkyleneoxide 0.01-1% Antifoaming Agent
7. Glycol, Propylene Glycol, Mono ethylene glycol, Glycerin, Diethylene glycol Anti-freezing Agent
8. Silicon Dioxide/China Clay/ Kaolin/Talc/starch 0.1-5% Filler
9. Benzisothiazolin-3-one / Formaldehyde / Sodium benzoate / Sodium o-phenylphenate, 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one and 2-
methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one 0.01-1% Anti-bacterial Agent / Biocide
10. Polysaccharides / Carboxymethyl cellulose / Bentonite Clay / Aluminum Magnesium Silicate 0.01-3% Rheology modifier
11. DM water Q.S. to make 100
Total 100

Example 2: Process for Preparation of Suspension Concentrate (SC):
Step 1: Homogenized the required quantity (as mentioned in the above table) of water, biocide, and defoamer followed by addition of gum powder with stirring till complete dissolution to obtain a gum solution (Gum Solution should be made 12-18 hour prior to use).
Step 2: Required quantity (as mentioned in the above table) of DM water, wetting agent, dispersing agent & suspending agents was added into the charged vessel followed by homogenization for 45-60 minutes using high shear homogenizer.
Step 3: Active ingredients and other remaining adjuvants excluding ‘antifreeze and thickeners’ were added into the homogenized slurry of step 2 to obtain a uniform slurry which is ready for grinding.
Step 4: Before grinding half quantity of required antifoam agent was added and then material was subjected to three cycles of grinding in Dyno mill. The remaining half quantity of the antifoam was added along with antifreeze after grinding process completes and before sampling process analysis.
Step 5: Finally gum solution as obtained in the step 1 was then added to obtain the Suspension Concentrate formulation.

Example 3 to Example 6 - Suspension Concentrate (SC) Compositions:
Example 3: Trifloxystrobin 7.5% + Difenoconazole 10% + Dodine 12.5% SC Example 4: Trifloxystrobin 5% + Difenoconazole 5.5% + Dodine 20% SC Example 5: Trifloxystrobin 20% + Difenoconazole 20% + Dodine 5% SC Example 6: Trifloxystrobin 15% + Difenoconazole 15% + Dodine 20% SC
No. Ingredients % w/w % w/w % w/w % w/w Role / Function
1. Trifloxystrobin Technical
(95% purity) 07.50 05.00 20.00 15.00 Active ingredient
2. Difenoconazole
Technical
(92% purity) 10.00 05.50 20.00 15.00 Active ingredient
3. Dodine
Technical
(96% purity) 12.50 20.00 05.00 20.00 Active ingredient
4. Tristyrylphenol Ethoxylate Amine salt of phosphate 03.00 - - - Dispersing Agent
5. Tristyryl phenol ethoxylate - - 02.05 - Dispersing agent
6. Acrylic co-polymer - 03.18 - 05.63 Dispersing Agent
7. Block copolymer 02.00 - - - Wetting Agent
8. Alkoxylated alcohol - 02.12 - 02.10 Wetting Agent
9. Ethoxylated propoxylated alcohol - - 02.95 - Wetting agent
10. Polyalkoxylated butyl ether - - 01.01 - Co-wetting agent
11. Siloxane polyalkylene-oxide 00.20 - - - Anti-foaming Agent
12. Polydimethyl-siloxane - 00.50 00.50 00.50 Anti-foaming Agent
13. Propylene Glycol 04.50 - - - Anti-freezing Agent
14. Propane-1,2-diol - 05.25 05.10 05.10 Anti-freezing Agent
15. China-Clay 01.00 - - - Filler
16. Aluminium silicate - 01.81 - - Binder
17. 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one - 00.10 00.10 00.10 Preservative
18. Benzisothiazolin-3-one 00.10 - - - Anti-bacterial Agent / Biocide
19. Polysaccharides 00.10 00.25 00.12 00.10 Rheology modifier
20. DM water Q. S. Q. S. Q.S. Q.S. Filler
Total 100

Example 7 to Example 12 - Wettable Powder (WP) Compositions:
Example 7: Trifloxystrobin 5% + Difenoconazole 5.5% + Dodine 62% WP Example 8: Trifloxystrobin 5% + Difenoconazole 5.5% + Dodine 20% WP Example 9: Trifloxystrobin 5% + Difenoconazole 5.5% + Dodine 60% WP Example 10: Trifloxystrobin 10% + Difenoconazole 1% + Dodine 20% WP Example 11: Trifloxystrobin 15% + Difenoconazole 15% + Dodine 20% WP Example 12: Trifloxystrobin 20% + Difenoconazole 20% + Dodine 5% WP
No. Ingredients % w/w % w/w % w/w % w/w % w/w % w/w Role / Function
1. Trifloxystrobin Technical
(95% purity) 05.00 05.00 05.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 Active ingredient
2. Difenoconazole Technical
(92% purity) 05.50 05.50 05.50 01.00 15.00 20.00 Active ingredient
3. Dodine Technical
(96% purity) 62.00 20.00 60.00 20.00 20.00 05.00 Active ingredient
4. Sodium alkyl sulphate 07.75 04.18 09.45 - 02.82 03.75 Wetting agent
5. Sodium Lauryl Sulfate - - - 4.00 - - Wetting agent
6. Dioctyl sulfosuccinate - - - - 01.75 03.05 Wetting agent
7. Alkyl naphthalene sulfonate 07.72 05.36 06.91 - 05.25 04.41 Dispersing agent
8. Sodium alkyl naphthalene sulfonate blend - - - 1.00 - - Dispersing agent
9. Sodium lignosulfonate - - 01.23 3.00 01.07 - Co-dispersant
10. Precipitated silica 09.97 07.81 08.11 - 08.17 07.11 Binder
11. Diatomaceous earth - - - - 07.90 05.90 Binder
12. Polydimethyl-siloxane 00.97 00.95 01.01 0.10 00.87 00.95 Anti-foaming Agent
13. Aluminium silicate Q.S. Q.S. Q.S. Q. S. Q.S. Q.S. Filler
Total 100

Example 13: Process for preparation of Wettable Powder (WP)
Step 1: Required quantity (as mentioned in the above table) of filler, wetting agent, dispersing agent, binder, anti-foaming agent and active agents were charged in premixing blender for homogenization for 30 minutes to obtain a pre-blended material.
Step 2: The pre-blended material was grinded through Jet mill/ air classifier mills followed by blending in post blender for a period of approx. 1.5 hr. to obtain a homogeneous material. The homogenous material as obtained was unloaded and analyzed.

Example 14 to Example 19 – Water Dispersible Granule (WDG or WG) Compositions:
Example 14: Trifloxystrobin 0.25% + Difenoconazole 0.50% + Dodine 30% WDG Example 15: Trifloxystrobin 5% + Difenoconazole 5.5% + Dodine 62% WDG Example 16: Trifloxystrobin 5% + Difenoconazole 5% + Dodine 60% WDG Example 17: Trifloxystrobin 5% + Difenoconazole 5.5% + Dodine 20% WDG Example 18: Trifloxystrobin 20% + Difenoconazole 20% + Dodine 5%
WDG Example 19: Trifloxystrobin 15% + Difenoconazole 15% + Dodine 20% WDG
No Ingredients % w/w % w/w % w/w % w/w % w/w % w/w Role / Function
1. Trifloxystrobin Technical
(95% purity) 00.25 05.00 05.00 05.00 20.00 15.00 Active ingredient
2. Difenoconazole Technical
(92% purity) 00.50 05.50 05.00 05.50 20.00 15.00 Active ingredient
3. Dodine Technical
(96% purity) 30.00 62.00 60.00 20.00 05.00 20.00 Active ingredient
4. Sodium Poly-carboxylate 03.00 - - - - - Dispersing Agent
5. Sodium poly-acrylate - - - - 04.95 - Dispersing agent
6. Sodium alkyl naphthalene sulfonate blend 01.00 - - - - - Dispersing Agent
7. Acrylate copolymer - 05.21 - - - - Dispersing agent
8. Acrylic copolymer, sodium salt - - - - 07.63 Dispersing agent
9. Alkyl naphthalene sulfonate - - 06.91 04.12 06.41 02.25 Dispersing agent
10. Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 04.00 - - - - - Wetting Agent
11. Sodium alkyl benzene sulfonate - 05.25 02.43 03.18 - - Wetting agent
12. Sodium alkyl sulphate - - 08.87 - 01.75 02.15 Co-wetter
13. Dioctyl sulfosuccinate - - - - 02.05 - Wetting agent
14. Polydimethyl Siloxane 00.10 00.97 01.01 00.97 00.95 00.87 Antifoam Agent
15. Precipitated silica - 03.97 08.11 02.81 07.11 02.17 Binder
16. Glucose polymers: amylose and amylopectin, a branched form - - - 15.25 - - Binder
17. Diatomaceous earth - - - 07.90 Binder
18. Lactose anhydrous - - - - 05.90 - Co-binder
19. Sodium lignosulonate - - - - - 01.07 Co-binder
20. China Clay Q. S. - - - - - Filler
21. Aluminium silicate - Q. S. Q.S. Q.S. Q.S. Q.S. Filler
Total 100

Example 20: Process for Preparation of WDG or WG
Step 1: Required quantity (as mentioned in the above table) of wetting agent, dispersing agent, antifoaming agent, binder and active ingredients was mixed in a premixing blender for homogenization for a period of 30 minutes to obtain a pre-blended material.
Step 2: The pre-blended material as obtained in step 1 was blended through Jet mill/ air classifier mills followed by blending in post blender for a period of approx. 1.5 hour to obtain a homogeneous mixture.
Step 3: Required quantity of filler (QS) was then added to step 2 to make a dough. The dough was then passed through the extruder to obtain granules of required size.
Step 4: Wet granules as obtained were passed through the fluidised bed drier followed by grading using vibrating screens to obtain the water dispersible granules.

Example 21 to Example 24 – Oil Dispersion (OD) Compositions:
Example 21: Trifloxystrobin 7.5% + Difenoconazole 10% + Dodine 12.5% - OD Example 22: Trifloxystrobin 5% + Difenoconazole 5.5% + Dodine 20% - OD Example 23: Trifloxystrobin 20% + Difenoconazole 20% + Dodine 5% - OD Example 24: Trifloxystrobin 15% + Difenoconazole 15% + Dodine 20% - OD
No. Ingredients % w/w % w/w % w/w % w/w Role / Function
1. Trifloxystrobin Technical
(95% purity) 07.50 05.00 20.00 15.00 Active ingredient
2. Difenoconazole Technical
(92% purity) 10.00 05.50 20.00 15.00 Active ingredient
3. Dodine Technical
(96% purity) 12.50 20.00 05.00 20.00 Active ingredient
4. Ethoxylated oleyl cetyl alcohol 03.00 - - - Dispersing Agent
5. Polymeric non-aqueous Dispersing Agent - 03.27 - - Dispersing Agent
6. Polyoxy-ethylene isotridecanol - - 05.95 - Dispersing agent
7. Tristyryl phenol Ethoxylate Phosphate Ester - - - 03.10 Dispersing agent
8. Polyoxy-ethylene sorbitol hexaoleate - - 01.05 - Wetting agent
9. Poly-alkoxylated butyl ether - - 02.01 - Wetting agent
10. Polyoxy-ethylene sorbitan monolaurate - - - 03.15 Wetting agent
11. Polyoxy-ethylene polyoxy-propylene sorbitan monolaurate - - - 02.05 Co-wetting agent
12. Polyvinyl- pyrrolidone 01.00 - - - Sticking Agent
13. Polyoxy-ethylene lauryl ether - 04.41 - - Sticking Agent
14. Calcium alkyl benzene sulfonate 05.00 - - - Emulsifier
15. Calcium dodecyl benzene sulfonate 04.00 - - - Emulsifier
16. Polydimethyl Siloxane 00.00 - 00.10 00.10 Anti-foaming Agent
17. Propylene Glycol 00.00 - - - Anti-freezing Agent
18. Propane 1,2-diol - 03.33 02.01 01.10 Anti-freezing Agent
19. Silicic acid - 02.00 - - Binder
20. Modified phyllosilicate - - 00.70 - Binder
21. Fumed silica 00.30 Binder
22. Kaolin Q.S. - - - Filler
23. Methylated fatty acid ester - Q.S. Q.S. - Filler
24. Methylated oleic acid ester - - - Q.S. Filler
Total 100

Example 25: Process for Preparation of Oil Dispersion (OD)
Step 1: Required quantity (as mentioned in the above table) of emulsifier was charged in a vessel and sticking agent was added and mixed well for 30 minutes using high shear homogenizer and pass through horizontal bead mill.
Step 2: Required quantity (as mentioned in the above table) of dispersing agent, wetting agent, sticking agent, anti-foaming agent, anti-freezing agents, binder and filler were added to step 1 and homogenized for 45-60 minutes using high shear homogeniser.
Step 3: Then all the active ingredients were added and again homogenised for further 30 minutes. This homogenised material was passed through horizontal bead mill to get required particle size. After completion of grinding cycles, the sample was analysed for particle size analysis.

Example 26: Micro-emulsion (ME) Composition:
Trifloxystrobin 7.5% + Difenoconazole 10% + Dodine 12.5% ME
No. Ingredients % w/w Role / Function
1. Trifloxystrobin Technical (95% purity) 7.50 Active ingredient
2. Difenoconazole Technical (92% purity) 10.00 Active ingredient
3. Dodine Technical (92% purity) 12.50 Active ingredient
4. Calcium dodecyl benzene sulfonate 5.00 Emulsifier
5. Tristyryl Phenyl Ethoxylate 4.00 Emulsifier
6. Carboxymethyl cellulose 5 Stabilizer
7. Di methyl Formamide 30 Co-Solvent
8. N-methyl pyrrolidone 20.00 Co-Solvent
9. Heavy aromatic Naptha Q.S. Solvent
Total 100

Example 27: Process for Preparation of Micro Emulsion (ME):
Step 1: Charge aromatic solvent and co-solvent into the vessel and then mix until completely soluble.
Step 2: Add active ingredients to solvent mixture of step 1 under stirring and at ambient temperature.
Step 3: Add emulsifier and stabilizers into mixture of step 2 and stir till get homogenized to obtain Micro Emulsion (ME).

Example 28 to Example 29 – Emulsifiable Concentrate (EC) Compositions:
Example 28: Trifloxystrobin 7.5% + Difenoconazole 10% + Dodine 12.5% EC Example 29: Trifloxystrobin 7.5% + Difenoconazole 10% + Dodine 5% EC
No. Ingredients % w/w % w/w Role / Function
1. Trifloxystrobin Technical (95% purity) 07.50 07.50 Active ingredient
2. Difenoconazole Technical (92% purity) 10.00 10.00 Active ingredient
3. Dodine Technical (96% purity) 12.50 05.00 Active ingredient
4. Calcium alkyl benzene sulfonate 05.00 - Emulsifier
5. Calcium dodecyl benzene sulfonate 04.00 04.00 Emulsifier
6. Carboxymethyl cellulose 05.00 05.00 Stabilizer
7. Di methyl Formamide 30.00 30.00 Co-Solvent
8. N methyl pyrrolidone 20.00 20.00 Co-Solvent
9. Heavy aromatic Naptha Q. S. Q. S. Solvent
Total 100

Example 30: Process for Preparation of Emulsifiable Concentrate (EC)
Step 1: Charge aromatic solvent and co-solvent into the vessel and then mix until completely soluble.
Step 2: Add active ingredients to solvent mixture of step 1 under stirring and at ambient temperature.
Step 3: Add emulsifier and stabilizers into mixture of step 2 and stir till get homogenized to obtained Emulsifiable Concentrate (EC).

Example 31: Capsule Suspension (CS) Composition:
Trifloxystrobin 5% + Difenoconazole 5.5% + Dodine 20% CS
No. Ingredients % w/w Role / Function
1. Trifloxystrobin Technical (95% purity) 05.00 Active ingredient
2. Difenoconazole Technical (92% purity) 05.50 Active ingredient
3. Dodine Technical (96% purity) 20.00 Active ingredient
4. Polyisocyanate 01.50 Coating agent
5. Acrylic co-polyer 03.18 Dispersing agent
6. Alkoxylated alcohol 02.12 Wetting agent
7. Propane-1,2-diol 05.25 Anti-freezing agent
8. Aluminium silicate 00.51 Binder
9. 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one 00.10 Preservative
10. Polydimethylsiloxane 00.50 Antifoaming
11. Amine compound 00.50 Curing agent
12. Aromatic solvent 15.00 Solvent
13. Polysaccharide 00.25 Rheology modifier
14. DM Water Q.S. Filler
Total 100

Example 32: Process for Preparation of Capsule Suspension (CS)
Preparation of Capsule suspension comprises organic phase, aqueous phase and emulsification and encapsulation phase.
Step I: Organic Phase
No. Ingredients % w/w
1. Trifloxystrobin 05.00
2. Difenoconazole 05.50
3. Dodine 20.00
4. Polyisocyanate 01.50
5. Aromatic solvent 15.0

Preparation of organic phase: Close bottom valve and add required quantity of solvent in a clean and dry reactor (P-1). Start stirring and add active ingredient one by one. After addition of the active ingredients, add polyisocyanate and mix well. Apply the heating, if required.

Step II: Aqueous Phase
No. Ingredients % w/w
1. Acrylic co-polyer 03.18
2. Alkoxylated alcohol 02.12
3. Propane-1,2-diol 05.25
4. Aluminium silicate 00.51
5. 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one 00.10
6. Polydimethylsiloxane 00.50
7. Amine compound 00.50
8. Aromatic solvent 15.00
9. Polysaccharide 00.25
10. DM Water Q.S.

Preparation of aqueous phase: Add DM water in a clean vessel (P-2) fitted with stirrer. Add propane-1,2-diol. Start the stirring and charge Polydimethylsiloxane, acrylic co-polymer and Aluminium silicate with continuous mixing till homogeneous mass is obtain.

Step III: Preparation of Emulsification and Encapsulation Phase
a) Material from aqueous phase vessel (P-2) and organic phase vessel (P-1) is collected into a 100 liter Vessel (P-3) by means of flow meter and control valve, followed by mixing with stirrer at 55°C to form a pre-mix slurry.
b) Passed pre-mix slurry of step (a) through IKA homogenize @ of 5500 rpm feeding rate and collect into a clean vessel (P-4) fitted with stirrer and maintain temperature 60°C under starring.
c) Meanwhile start addition of previously prepared amine compound solution in vessel (P-5) with a fix rate in homogenized mass (note that amine solution addition should be complete after complete homogenize the mixture through IKA).
d) Stir solution of step (c) for 2 hrs. at 55°C temperature and cool to room temperature.
e) Add previously hydrated xanthan gum to step (d) and mix well to get a homogenous CS composition.

Example 33: Zeon concentrate (ZC) Composition:
[A mixed composition of Capsule Suspension (CS) and Suspension Concentrate (SC)]
No. Ingredients % w/w Role / Function
Capsule Suspension (CS) Phase
1. Difenoconazole Technical (92% purity) 05.50 Active ingredient
2. Dodine Technical (96% purity) 20.00 Active ingredient
3. Polyisocyanate 01.50 Coating agent
4. Aromatic solvent 15.00 Solvent
5. Acrylic co-polymer 01.00 Dispersing agent
6. Alkoxylated alcohol 01.00 Wetting agent
7. Polydimethylsiloxane 00.25 Antifoaming Agent
8. Amine compound 00.50 Curing agent
9. Aromatic solvent 15.00 Solvent
10. DM Water Q.S. Filler
Suspension Concentrate (SC) Phase
11. Trifloxystrobin Technical (95% purity) 05.00 Active ingredient
12. Acrylic co-polymer 02.18 Dispersing agent
13. Alkoxylated alcohol 02.12 Wetting agent
14. Polydimethylsiloxane 00.50 Anti-foaming agent
15. Propane-1,2-diol 05.25 Anti-freezing agent
16. 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one 00.10 Preservative
17. Aluminium silicate 00.51 Binder
18. Polysaccharide 00.25 Rheology modifier
19. DM Water Q.S. Filler
Total 100

Example 34: Process for Preparation of Zeon concentrate (ZC)
Phase I: Process for Preparation of Capsule Suspension (CS)
Preparation of Capsule suspension comprises organic phase, aqueous phase and emulsification and encapsulation phase.
Step I: Organic Phase
No. Ingredients % w/w
1. Dodine 20.00
2. Difenoconazole 05.50
3. Poly Isocyanate 01.50
4. Aromatic solvent 15.00

Preparation of organic phase: Close bottom valve and add required quantity of solvent in a clean and dry reactor (P-1). Start stirring and add active ingredient one by one. After addition of the active ingredients, add polyisocyanate and mix well. Apply the heating, if required.

Step II: Aqueous Phase
No. Ingredients % w/w
11. Acrylic co-polymer 01.00
12. Alkoxylated alcohol 01.00
13. Polydimethylsiloxane 00.25
14. Amine compound 00.50
15. Aromatic solvent 15.00
16. DM Water Q.S.

Preparation of aqueous phase: Add DM water in a clean vessel (P-2) fitted with stirrer. Add propane-1,2-diol. Start the stirring and charge Polydimethylsiloxane, acrylic co-polymer and Aluminium silicate with continuous mixing till homogeneous mass is obtain.

Step III: Preparation of Emulsification and Encapsulation Phase
f) Material from aqueous phase vessel (P-2) and organic phase vessel (P-1) is collected into a 100 liter Vessel (P-3) by means of flow meter and control valve, followed by mixing with stirrer at 55°C to form a pre-mix slurry.
g) Passed pre-mix slurry of step (a) through IKA homogenize @ of 5500 rpm feeding rate and collect into a clean vessel (P-4) fitted with stirrer and maintain temperature 60°C under starring.
h) Meanwhile start addition of previously prepared amine compound solution in vessel (P-5) with a fix rate in homogenized mass (note that amine solution addition should be complete after complete homogenize the mixture through IKA).
i) Stir solution of step (c) for 2 hrs. at 55°C temperature and cool to room temperature.
j) Add previously hydrated xanthan gum to step (d) and mix well to get a homogenous CS composition.

Phase II: Suspension Concentrate (SC)
No. Ingredients % w/w
1. Trifloxystrobin 05.00
2. Acrylic co-polymer 02.18
3. Alkoxylated alcohol 02.12
4. Polydimethylsiloxane 00.50
5. Propane-1,2-diol 05.25
6. 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one 00.10
7. Aluminium silicate 00.51
8. Polysaccharide 00.25
9. DM Water Q.S.

Preparation of Suspension Concentrate Phase:
a) Add DM water in a clean vessel fitted with stirrer;
b) stirring and adding Polydimethylsiloxane, Alkoxylated alcohol, acrylic co-polymer and Aluminium silicate followed by mixing continuously till homogeneous mass is formed;
c) milling homogenous mass of step (b) through bead mill to achieve required particle size;
d) after achieving required particle size transfer the mass of step (c) into mixing vessel;
e) adding Polysaccharide to step (d) and making it homogeneous to get SC part.

Phase III: Final mixing: Capsule Suspension (CS) Phase + Suspension Concentrate (SC) Phase: Mixing both phases i.e. capsulated phase and suspension phase together properly to get a final ZC composition.

Bio-efficacy Studies:

Test Compositions Preparations:
1. Test compositions were first mixed with purified water or solvents depending on the polarity of the test sample.
2. The resulting test compositions were then used in the following trials.
3. Test compositions were sprayed to the point of run-off on the test plants at the equivalent rates as mentioned in the Table 1 as g/ha of the active ingredient.
4. The tests were replicated three times and the results reported as the mean average of the three replicates.

Table 1:

First active compound - Trifloxystrobin Second active Compound - Difenoconazole Third active Compound - Dodine
Dose Rate (g a.i./ha) Dose Rate (g a.i./ha) Dose Rate (g a.i./ha)
0.0 22.5 37.5 45 63.5 0.0 0
0.0 22.5 37.5 45 63.5 22.5 30
0.0 22.5 37.5 45 63.5 37.5 50
0.0 22.5 37.5 45 63.5 45.0 60
0.0 22.5 37.5 45 63.5 63.5 85

Table 2: Efficacy of composition is tested against following diseases:
Crop/Plant Disease name Casual organism
Chilli Powdery mildew Leveillula taurica
Chilli Fruit rot/ Anthracnose Collectotrichum capsici
Tomato Early blight Alternaria solani

The Results of Bio-efficacy tests of present synergistic fungicidal composition are given in below Experiments 1 to 8 and Tables 3, 4 and 5. A rating of ‘100’ indicates 100% disease control and a rating of ‘0’ indicates no disease control (relative to control). Columns labeled ‘Observed % disease control’ (ODC) indicates average of three replications. Columns labeled ‘Expected disease control’ (EDC) indicate the expected value for each treatment mixture using the COLBY Equation. Treatments showing substantially greater control than expected are labeled with *.

COLBY Equation:

The presence of a synergistic effect between two active ingredients is established with the aid of the Colby equation (se S. R. Colby, "Calculating Synergistic and Antagonistic Responses of Herbicide Combinations', Weeds, 1967, 15, 20-22):

The presence of a synergistic effect between three active ingredients is established with the aid of the Colby equation (se S. R. Colby, "Calculating Synergistic and Antagonistic Responses of Herbicide Combinations', Weeds, 1967, 15, 20-22):

Using the method of Colby, the presence of a synergistic interaction between three active ingredients is established by first calculating the predicted activity, p, of the mixture based on activities of the three components applied alone. If 'p' is lower than the experimentally established efficacy, Synergism has occurred. In the equation above, A is the fungicidal activity in percentage control of one component applied alone at rate x. The B term is the fungicidal activity in percentage control of the second component applied at rate y and similarly C is the corresponding value for the third component applied at rate z. The equation estimates p, the fungicidal activity of the mixture of A at rate X with B at rate y and C at rate z if their effects are strictly additive and no interaction has occurred.

Example 35 - Trial 1:
Target Crop/Plant Chilli
Target Disease Powdery mildew
Target Fungal Pathogen Leveillula taurica

Experiment 1: Chilli seedlings were inoculated with a spore dust of Leveillula taurica, (causal organism of chilli powdery mildew) and incubated in a growth chamber at 20°C for 48 hrs prior to application. The test compositions were then sprayed to the point of run-off on the inoculated chilli seedlings. The following day the seedlings were moved to a growth chamber at 20°C for 5 days, after which disease ratings were made.

Experiment 2: The test compositions were sprayed to the point of run-off on Chilli seedlings. The following day the seedlings were inoculated with a spore dust of Leveillula taurica, (causal organism of chilli powdery mildew) and incubated in a growth chamber at 20°C for 7 days, after which disease ratings were taken.

Experiment 3: The test compositions were sprayed to the point of run-off on Chilli seedlings. Five days later, the seedlings were inoculated with a spore dust of Leveillula taurica, (causal organism of chilli powdery mildew) and incubated in a growth chamber at 20°C for 7days, after which disease ratings were taken.

Table 3:
Synergistic Fungicidal effect of a combination of Trifloxistrobin + Difenoconazole + Dodine against Powdery mildew (Leveillula taurica) of Chilli crop

Treatments Trifloxystrobin Difenoconazole Dodine Observed Disease Control % Expected Disease Control % Difference (ODC-EDC) % Observed Disease Control % Expected Disease Control % Difference (ODC-EDC) % Observed Disease Control % Expected Disease Control % Difference (ODC-EDC) %
g a.i./ha Experiment-1 Experiment-2 Experiment-3
T1 22.5 0.0 0.0 41.30 - 49.00 - 39.00 -
T2 37.5 0.0 0.0 75.60 - 87.30 - 62.00 -
T3 45.0 0.0 0.0 84.00 - 88.60 - 66.00 -
T4 63.5 0.0 0.0 90.00 - 92.40 - 98.00 -
T5 0.0 22.5 0.0 30.30 - 32.00 - 27.00 -
T6 0.0 37.5 0.0 50.60 - 50.30 - 32.00 -
T7 0.0 45.0 0.0 71.00 - 73.30 - 44.00 -
T8 0.0 63.5 0.0 79.40 - 82.60 - 50.00 -
T9 0.0 0.0 30.0 24.30 - 16.80 - 20.40 -
T10 0.0 0.0 50.0 33.60 - 25.00 - 26.80 -
T11 0.0 0.0 60.0 45.20 - 33.80 - 33.00 -
T12 0.0 0.0 85.0 55.70 - 43.50 - 38.80 -
T13* 22.5 22.5 30.0 70.00 69.03 0.97 72.10 71.15 0.95 66.00 64.55 1.45
T14* 22.5 37.5 50.0 82.30 80.75 1.55 82.00 80.99 1.01 71.20 69.64 1.56
T15* 22.5 45.0 60.0 92.10 90.67 1.43 93.40 90.99 2.41 79.00 77.11 1.89
T16* 22.5 63.5 85.0 97.20 94.64 2.56 96.90 94.99 1.91 83.60 81.33 2.27
T17* 37.5 22.5 30.0 89.60 87.13 2.47 93.00 92.81 0.19 79.00 77.92 1.08
T18* 37.7 37.5 50.0 95.10 92.00 3.10 99.30 95.27 4.03 83.30 81.09 2.21
T19* 37.5 45.0 60.0 100.00 96.12 3.88 100.00 97.76 2.24 87.40 85.74 1.66
T20* 37.5 63.5 85.0 100.00 97.77 2.23 100.00 98.75 1.25 90.10 88.37 1.73
T21* 45.0 22.5 30.0 93.50 91.56 1.94 95.00 93.55 1.45 82.00 80.24 1.76
T22* 45.0 37.5 50.0 97.20 94.75 2.45 95.90 95.75 0.15 85.50 83.08 2.42
T23* 45.0 45.0 60.0 100.00 97.46 2.54 99.00 97.99 1.01 95.00 87.24 7.76
T24* 45.0 63.5 85.0 100.00 98.54 1.46 100.00 98.88 1.12 97.50 89.60 7.90
T25* 63.5 22.5 30.0 95.00 94.72 0.28 96.00 95.70 0.30 99.00 98.84 0.16
T26* 63.5 37.5 50.0 98.60 96.72 1.88 98.10 97.17 0.93 100.00 99.00 1.00
T27* 63.5 45.0 60.0 100.00 98.41 1.59 100.00 98.66 1.34 100.00 99.25 0.75
T28* 63.5 63.5 85.0 100.00 99.09 0.91 100.00 99.25 0.75 100.00 99.39 0.61
T29* 300ml/Ha Premix of Trifloxystrobin 15% + Difenoconazole 15% + Dodine 20% - SC
(45+45+60 g a.i./ha respectively) 99.40 97.46 1.94 98.80 97.99 0.81 96.60 87.24 9.36
T30* 300ml/Ha Premix of Trifloxystrobin 15% + Difenoconazole 15% + Dodine 20% - CS
(45+45+60 g a.i./ha respectively) 100.00 97.46 2.54 100.00 97.99 2.01 97.10 87.24 9.86
T31* 300ml/Ha Premix of Trifloxystrobin 15% + Difenoconazole 15% + Dodine 20% - ZC
(45+45+60 g a.i./ha respectively) 100.00 97.46 2.54 99.50 97.99 1.51 97.00 87.24 9.76
T32* 300ml/Ha Premix of Trifloxystrobin 15% + Difenoconazole 15% + Dodine 20% - OD
(45+45+60 g a.i./ha respectively) 100.00 97.46 2.54 100.00 97.99 2.01 96.40 87.24 9.16
T33* 300 g/Ha Premix of Trifloxystrobin 15% + Difenoconazole 15% + Dodine 20% - WG
(45+45+60 g a.i./ha respectively) 98.40 97.46 0.94 99.10 97.99 1.11 94.20 87.24 6.96
T34 Market sample of Azoxystrobin 18.2%+ Difenoconazole 11.4% -SC 67.80 - - 72.60 - - 66.80 - -
T35 Market sample of Tebuconazole 50%+ Trifloxystrobin 25% -WG 72.40 - - 75.30 - - 71.00 - -
T36 Untreated control (sprayed only water) 0.00 - - 0.00 - - 0.00 - -

Example 36 - Trial 2:
Target Crop/Plant Chilli
Target Disease Fruit Rot / Anthracnose
Target Fungal Pathogen Collectotrichum capsici

Experiment 4: Chilli seedlings were inoculated with a spore Suspension of Collectotrichum capsici (causal organism of Fruit Rot/ Antracnose) and incubated in a saturated atmosphere at 20°C for 48 hrs. The test compositions were then sprayed to the point of run-off on the chilli seedlings. The following day the seedlings were moved to a growth chamber at 20°C for 7 days, after which disease ratings were recorded.

Experiment 5: The test compositions were sprayed to the point of run-off on Chilli seedlings. The following day the seedlings were inoculated with a spore Suspension of Collectotrichum capsici (causal organism of Fruit Rot/ Antracnose) and incubated in a saturated atmosphere at 20°C for 48 hrs, and then moved to a growth chamber at 20°C for 8 days, after which disease ratings were recorded.

Experiment 6: The test compositions were sprayed to the point of run-off on Chilli seedlings. Five days later, the seedlings were inoculated with a spore Suspension of Collectrotrichum capsici (causal organism of Fruit rot/Anhtracnose) and incubated in a saturated atmosphere at 20°C for 48 hrs, and then moved to a growth chamber at 20°C for 8 days, after which disease ratings were recorded.

Table 4:
Synergistic Fungicidal effect of a combination of Trifloxistrobin + Difenoconazole + Dodine against Fruit Rot/ Antracnose (Collectotrichum capsici)
Treatments Trifloxystrobin Difenoconazole Dodine Observed Disease Control % Expected Disease Control % Difference (ODC-EDC) % Observed Disease Control % Expected Disease Control % Difference (ODC-EDC) % Observed Disease Control % Expected Disease Control % Difference (ODC-EDC) %
g a.i./ha Experiment-4 Experiment-5 Experiment-6
T1 22.5 0.0 0.0 51.20 - 45.50 - 39.40 -
T2 37.5 0.0 0.0 65.80 58.60 48.00
T3 45.0 0.0 0.0 79.00 - 71.20 - 57.60 -
T4 63.5 0.0 0.0 88.50 - 83.30 - 70.10 -
T5 0.0 22.5 0.0 39.60 28.80 24.40
T6 0.0 37.5 0.0 61.20 - 49.70 - 37.70 -
T7 0.0 45.0 0.0 76.00 - 65.00 - 51.20 -
T8 0.0 63.5 0.0 81.40 - 71.70 - 60.00 -
T9 0.0 0.0 30.0 13.50 17.60 12.00
T10 0.0 0.0 50.0 20.00 - 26.90 - 18.60 -
T11 0.0 0.0 60.0 24.60 - 32.00 - 27.80 -
T12 0.0 0.0 85.0 32.40 - 40.50 - 35.60 -
T13* 22.5 22.5 30.0 75.40 74.50 0.90 69.00 68.03 0.97 60.10 59.68 0.42
T14* 22.5 37.5 50.0 86.00 84.85 1.15 81.60 79.96 1.64 70.50 69.27 1.23
T15* 22.5 45.0 60.0 92.80 91.17 1.63 91.20 87.03 4.17 80.60 78.65 1.95
T16* 22.5 63.5 85.0 96.40 93.86 2.54 94.90 90.82 4.08 86.30 84.39 1.91
T17* 37.5 22.5 30.0 83.10 82.13 0.97 76.40 75.71 0.69 66.70 65.41 1.29
T18* 37.7 37.5 50.0 91.00 89.38 1.62 86.80 84.78 2.02 75.80 73.63 2.17
T19* 37.5 45.0 60.0 96.40 93.81 2.59 94.66 90.15 4.51 83.50 81.68 1.82
T20* 37.5 63.5 85.0 98.80 95.70 3.10 97.20 93.03 4.17 89.60 86.60 3.00
T21* 45.0 22.5 30.0 90.00 89.03 0.97 84.50 83.10 1.40 74.20 71.79 2.41
T22* 45.0 37.5 50.0 95.10 93.48 1.62 91.70 89.41 2.29 82.20 78.50 3.70
T23* 45.0 45.0 60.0 97.90 96.20 1.70 96.33 93.15 3.18 89.60 85.06 4.54
T24* 45.0 63.5 85.0 100.00 97.36 2.64 100.00 95.15 4.85 95.10 89.08 6.02
T25* 63.5 22.5 30.0 94.60 93.99 0.61 91.10 90.20 0.90 82.40 80.11 2.29
T26* 63.5 37.5 50.0 98.10 96.43 1.67 95.00 93.86 1.14 87.20 84.84 2.36
T27* 63.5 45.0 60.0 100.00 97.92 2.08 98.50 96.03 2.47 93.30 89.47 3.83
T28* 63.5 63.5 85.0 100.00 98.55 1.45 100.00 97.19 2.81 98.50 92.30 6.20
T29* 300ml/Ha Premix of Trifloxystrobin 15% + Difenoconazole 15% + Dodine 20% - SC
(45+45+60 g a.i./ha respectively) 98.40 96.20 2.20 98.80 93.15 5.65 90.40 85.06 5.34
T30* 300ml/Ha Premix of Trifloxystrobin 15% + Difenoconazole 15% + Dodine 20% - CS
(45+45+60 g a.i./ha respectively) 99.50 96.20 3.30 99.20 93.15 6.05 92.70 85.06 7.64
T31* 300ml/Ha Premix of Trifloxystrobin 15% + Difenoconazole 15% + Dodine 20% - ZC
(45+45+60 g a.i./ha respectively) 100.00 96.20 3.80 100.00 93.15 6.85 95.50 85.06 10.44
T32* 300ml/Ha Premix of Trifloxystrobin 15% + Difenoconazole 15% + Dodine 20% - OD
(45+45+60 g a.i./ha respectively) 100.00 96.20 3.80 100.00 93.15 6.85 93.50 85.06 8.44
T33* 300 g/Ha Premix of Trifloxystrobin 15% + Difenoconazole 15% + Dodine 20% - WG
(45+45+60 g a.i./ha respectively) 97.40 96.20 1.20 95.40 93.15 2.25 88.80 85.06 3.74
T34 Market sample of Azoxystrobin 18.2%+ Difenoconazole 11.4% - SC 88.90 - - 71.60 - - 65.60 - -
T35 Market sample of Tebuconazole 50%+ Trifloxystrobin 25% - WG 93.20 - - 77.70 - - 70.10 - -
T36 Untreated control (sprayed only water) 0.00 - - 0.00 - - 0.00 - -

Example 37 - Trial 3:
Target Crop/Plant Tomato
Target Disease Early blight
Target Fungal Pathogen Alternaria solani

Experiment 7: Tomato seedlings were inoculated with a spore Suspension of Alternaria solani (causal organism of tomato early blight) 72 hrs. prior to application and incubated in a saturated atmosphere at 20°C for 24 hrs, then moved to a growth chamber at 20°C for 48 hrs. The test compositions were then sprayed to the point of run-off on the wheat seedlings. The following day the seedlings were moved to a growth chamber at 20°C for 4 days, after which disease ratings were recorded.

Experiment 8: The test compositions were sprayed to the point of run-off on tomato seedlings. The following day the seedlings were inoculated with a spore suspension of Alternaria solani (causal organism of tomato early blight) and incubated in a saturated atmosphere at 20°C for 24 hrs, and then moved to a growth chamber at 20°C for 7 days, after which disease ratings were made.

Table 5:
Synergistic Fungicidal effect of a combination of Trifloxistrobin + Difenoconazole + Dodine Biennial and ternary against early blight in Tomato

Treat-ments Trifloxy strobin Difeno conazole Dodine Observed Disease Control % Expected Disease Control % Difference (ODC-EDC) % Observed Disease Control % Expected Disease Control % Difference (ODC-EDC) %
g a.i./ha Experiment-7 Experiment-8
T1 37.5 0.0 0.0 42.40 - 38.40 -
T2 45.0 0.0 0.0 60.40 72.00
T3 63.5 0.0 0.0 72.60 - 83.30 -
T4 45.0 45.0 0.0 83.60 75.73 7.87 86.40 85.02 1.38
T5 0.0 37.5 0.0 29.40 35.33
T6 0.0 45.0 0.0 38.70 - 46.50 -
T7 0.0 63.5 0.0 60.00 - 65.60 -
T8 0.0 45.0 60.0 60.60 56.78 3.82 78.30 65.44 12.86
T9 0.0 0.0 50.0 18.50 24.20
T10 0.0 0.0 60.0 29.50 - 35.40 -
T11 0.0 0.0 85.0 37.40 - 43.40 -
T12 45.0 0.0 60.0 76.60 72.08 4.52 92.30 81.91 10.39
T13 SC Premix* 45.0 45.0 60.0 96.70 93.14 3.56 98.00 96.75 1.25
T14 CS Premix* 45.0 45.0 60.0 98.80 93.14 5.66 98.70 96.75 1.95
T15 ZC Premix* 45.0 45.0 60.0 99.80 93.14 6.66 100.00 96.75 3.25
T16 WG Premix* 45.0 45.0 60.0 95.70 93.14 2.56 97.00 96.75 0.25
T17* 37.7 37.5 50.0 84.60 82.89 1.71 91.00 90.32 0.68
T18* 37.5 45.0 60.0 92.50 90.08 2.42 94.66 94.55 0.11
T19* 37.5 63.5 85.0 98.66 96.35 2.31 100.00 99.53 0.47
T20* 45.0 37.5 50.0 90.30 88.16 2.14 95.50 94.23 1.27
T21* 45.0 45.0 60.0 96.40 93.14 3.26 98.30 96.75 1.55
T22* 45.0 63.5 85.0 99.00 97.47 1.53 100.00 99.72 0.28
T23* 63.5 37.5 50.0 94.00 92.91 1.09 96.60 95.30 1.30
T24* 63.5 45.0 60.0 97.30 95.89 1.41 100.00 97.35 2.65
T25* 63.5 63.5 85.0 100.00 98.49 1.51 100.00 99.77 0.23

Observation: It can be observed from Table 3, 4 and 5 that the compositions of the present invention comprising Trifloxistrobin + Difenoconazole + Dodine showed synergistic effect and increased disease control as compared to binary and solo treatments. The present synergistic compositions also showed better disease control as compared to conventionally used compositions.

Example 38 - Trial 4:
Target Crop/Plant Tomato
Target Disease Early blight
Target Fungal Pathogen Alternaria solani

Details of Experiment:

Plot Size 5 X 4 m = 20 Sq. m.
No of treatments 11.0
Trial layout RBD with Three replications
Tomato Variety Pusa Ruby
Spacing 90 X 60 cm
Fertilizer N:P:K - 50:25:25 kg/ha
Sprayer used Knapsack sprayer
Spray volume 1.25 litre per 20 sq. m. plot

Table 6: Details of the treatments done
Sr. No. Active Ingredient g a. i. /
ha dose Formulation Quantity
(g/ha)
1. Trifloxystrobin 20% + Difenoconazole 20% + Dodine 5% - WG 97.62 187.5
2. Trifloxystrobin 20% + Difenoconazole 20% + Dodine 5% - WG 127.5 250
3. Trifloxystrobin 20% + Difenoconazole 20% + Dodine 5% - WG 255 500
4. Market sample of Trifloxystrobin 25% + Tebuconazole 50% WG 262.5 350
5. Trifloxystrobin 20% WG + Dodine 6% WG 65 250
6. Trifloxystrobin 20% WG + Difenoconazole 25% EC 112.5 250
7. Difenoconazole 25% + Dodine 6% WG 77.5 250
8. Trifloxystrobin 20% WG 50 250
9. Difenoconazole 25% EC 62.5 250
10. Dodine 65%WP 15 18.75
11. Untreated control - -

Table 6(a):
1st Spray: At the emergence of the pest at ETL level (Economic Threshold Level)
2nd Spray: 15 days after the First Spray

Table 6(b): Observations:
1 Disease severity On 0 Day (pre count), 3rd, 7th and 14th Day after each spray disease severity was recorded and converted to % in comparison to control plot
2 Phytotoxicity Recorded plant phytotoxicity after sprays based on 0-10 scale of assessment of yellowing, Stunting, Chlorosis, Leaf tip injury, Wilting, Hyponasty / Epinasty for all treatments
3 Yield 1st, 2nd picking, subsequent the final picking. The total yield was converted in Mt/ha

Table 6(c): Disease severity was recorded by using the following scale prescribed by Mayee & Datar, 1986
Score Disease symptoms of Early blight
0 Disease free leaves of test plants
1 Sparingly small irregular brown spots covering maximum of 1% of leaf surface area
3 Small irregular, brown spots with concentric rings covering of 1%-10% of leaf surface area
5 Enlarging of lesions, irregular, brown in colour with concentric rings, covering 11-25% of leaf surface area.
7 Lesions coalesce to form irregular, dark brown patches with concentric rings covering 26-50% of the leaf surface area, Leasions also appear on stems and petioles of affected plants.
9 Lesions coalesce to form irregular, dark brown patches with concentric rings covering >51% of the leaf surface area, Leasions also appear on stems and petioles of affected plants.

Table 7:
Details of the treatments done Early blight (Alternaria solani) disease severity (%)
Sr. No. Active Ingredient
g a.i./ ha dose Formulation Quantity (g/ha) Before spray 3 days after 1st Spray 7 days after 1st Spray 14 days after 1st Spray Mean observed disease severity% Expected disease severity %
1. Trifloxystrobin 20% + Difenoconazole 20% + Dodine 5% - WG 97.62 187.5 11.33 13.00 19.33 25.66 19.33 72.55
2. Trifloxystrobin 20% + Difenoconazole 20% + Dodine 5% - WG 127.5 250 10.00 14.33 18.00 23.54 18.62 -
3. Trifloxystrobin 20% + Difenoconazole 20% + Dodine 5% - WG 255 500 9.66 12.00 15.00 20.66 15.89 -
4. Market sample of Trifloxystrobin 25%+ Tebuconazole 50% WG 262.5 350 10.54 17 25.33 29.54 23.96 -
5. Trifloxystrobin 20% WG + Dodine 6% WG 65 250 11.54 19.66 28.54 34.66 27.62 58.15
6. Trifloxystrobin 20% WG + Difenoconazole 25% EC 112.5 250 12.33 18.33 26.00 32.33 25.55 -
7. Difenoconazole 25% + Dodine 6% WG 77.5 250 9.00 23.00 30.33 41.66 31.66 -
8. Trifloxystrobin 20% WG 50 250 10.54 20.33 31.54 39.66 30.51 -
9. Difenoconazole 25% EC 62.5 250 8.66 24.66 35.00 43.54 34.40 -
10. Dodine 65%WP 15 18.75 11.00 27.66 40.66 51.00 39.77 -
11. Untreated control - - 11.33 28.00 43.54 52.66 41.40 -

Observation: It is observed from the above Table 7 that the disease severity percentages exhibited by marketed solo, binary and untreated control samples is in the range of 23% to 41%; whereas, the present compositions exhibits the disease severity in the range of 15 to 19%. Thus the present compositions effectively controls the spread of disease over crop/plant.

Example 39 - Phytotoxicity Study:
The data on phytotoxic effects such as injury on leaf chlorosis, leaf tip burning, leaf necrosis, epinasty, hyponasty, scorching, vein clearing and wilting at 7 days after each spraying revealed that, all the tested dose of Trifloxystrobin + Difenconozole + Dodine at lower and higher level and of different type of pre-mixed formulations didn't show phytotoxicity on chilli crop (Table 8). These findings were in conformity with that the present fungicidal composition as tank mixture and pre-mix did not show any phytotoxicity symptoms on chilly crop.

Table 8: Phytotoxicity observation on Chilli crop
Treat
ments Trifloxystrobin Difenoconazole Dodine Commulative impact of three sprays observed 7 days after final spray
g a. i. / ha Yellowing % Stunting % Epinasty % Hyponasty %
T1 22.5 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
T2 37.5 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
T3 45.0 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
T4 63.5 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
T5 0.0 22.5 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
T6 0.0 37.5 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
T7 0.0 45.0 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
T8 0.0 63.5 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
T9 0.0 0.0 30.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
T10 0.0 0.0 50.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
T11 0.0 0.0 60.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
T12 0.0 0.0 85.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
T13 22.5 22.5 30.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
T14 22.5 37.5 50.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
T15 22.5 45.0 60.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
T16 22.5 63.5 85.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
T17 37.5 22.5 30.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
T18 37.7 37.5 50.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
T19 37.5 45.0 60.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
T20 37.5 63.5 85.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
T21 45.0 22.5 30.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
T22 45.0 37.5 50.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
T23 45.0 45.0 60.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
T24 45.0 63.5 85.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
T25 63.5 22.5 30.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
T26 63.5 37.5 50.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
T27 63.5 45.0 60.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
T28 63.5 63.5 85.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
T29 300ml/Ha Premix of Trifloxystrobin 15% + Difenoconazole 15% + Dodine 20% SC (45+45+60 g a.i./ha respectively) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
T30 300ml/Ha Premix of Trifloxystrobin 15% + Difenoconazole 15% + Dodine 20% CS (45+45+60 g a.i./ha respectively) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
T31 300ml/Ha Premix of Trifloxystrobin 15% + Difenoconazole 15% + Dodine 20 ZC (45+45+60 g a.i./ha respectively) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
T32 300ml/Ha Premix of Trifloxystrobin 15% + Difenoconazole 15% + Dodine 20% OD (45+45+60 g a.i./ha respectively) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
T33 300 g/Ha Premix of Trifloxystrobin 15% + Difenoconazole 15% + Dodine 20% WG (45+45+60 g a.i./ha respectively) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
T34 Market sample of Azoxystrobin 18.2%+ Difenoconazole 11.4% SC 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
T35 Market sample of Tebuconazole 50%+ Trifloxystrobin 25% WG 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
T36 Untreated control (sprayed only water)

It is observed from above Table 8 that, most of the treatments at different rate of applications as solo or in combination as binary or ternary were safe to crop except exhibiting the fungicidal effects.

Example 40: Yield Data
Crop Name Chilli
Spacing 45 cm X 60 CM
No of plants/ha 41150

Table 9:
Treat
ments Trifloxy strobin Difeno conazole Dodine Yield 5 plants Yield/ha Increase over Control % Expected yield Difference of Observed and expected yield with Colby equation
g a. i. / ha
T1 22.5 0 0 0.848 69.78 39.59 -
T2 37.5 0 0 0.864 71.12 42.27 -
T3 45 0 0 0.905 74.45 48.93 -
T4 63.5 0 0 0.923 75.99 52.01 -
T5 0 22.5 0 0.824 67.78 35.59 -
T6 0 37.5 0 0.832 68.45 36.93 -
T7 0 45 0 0.875 71.99 44.01 -
T8 0 63.5 0 0.892 73.45 46.93 -
T9 0 0 30 0.795 65.45 30.93 -
T10 0 0 50 0.836 68.78 37.59 -
T11 0 0 60 0.876 72.12 44.27 -
T12 0 0 85 0.945 77.78 55.59 -
T13 22.5 22.5 30 1.042 86.78 73.59 73.12 0.47
T14 22.5 37.5 50 1.127 92.78 85.60 76.22 9.38
T15 22.5 45 60 1.144 94.12 88.28 81.15 7.13
T16 22.5 63.5 85 1.257 103.45 106.94 85.76 21.18
T17 37.5 22.5 30 1.200 98.79 97.62 74.31 23.31
T18 37.7 37.5 50 1.269 104.45 108.94 77.27 31.67
T19 37.5 45 60 1.277 105.12 110.28 81.99 28.30
T20 37.5 63.5 85 1.310 107.78 115.60 86.39 29.21
T21 45 22.5 30 1.168 96.12 92.28 77.28 15.00
T22 45 37.5 50 1.285 105.78 111.60 79.90 31.71
T23 45 45 60 1.312 107.99 116.02 84.06 31.96
T24 45 63.5 85 1.342 110.45 120.94 87.96 32.98
T25 63.5 22.5 30 1.196 98.45 96.94 78.65 18.29
T26 63.5 37.5 50 1.310 107.79 115.62 81.11 34.51
T27 63.5 45 60 1.334 109.78 119.60 85.03 34.58
T28 63.5 63.5 85 1.373 112.99 126.03 88.69 37.34
T29 300ml/Ha Premix of Trifloxystrobin 15% + Difenoconazole 15% +
Dodine 20% - SC
(45+45+60 g a.i./ha respectively) 1.293 106.45 112.94 84.06 28.88
T30 300ml/Ha Premix of Trifloxystrobin 15% + Difenoconazole 15% +
Dodine 20% - CS
(45+45+60 g a.i./ha respectively) 1.310 107.78 115.60 84.06 31.54
T31 300ml/Ha Premix of Trifloxystrobin 15% + Difenoconazole 15% +
Dodine 20% - ZC
(45+45+60 g a.i./ha respectively) 1.318 108.45 116.94 84.06 32.88
T32 300ml/Ha Premix of Trifloxystrobin 15% + Difenoconazole 15% +
Dodine 20% - OD
(45+45+60 g a.i./ha respectively) 1.374 113.12 126.29 84.06 42.22
T33 300 g/Ha Premix of Trifloxystrobin 15% + Difenoconazole 15% +
Dodine 20% - WG
(45+45+60 g a.i./ha respectively) 1.269 104.45 108.94 84.06 24.88
T34 Market sample of Azoxystrobin 18.2%+ Difenoconazole 11.4% -SC 0.868 71.42 42.87 - -
T35 Market sample of Tebuconazole 50%+ Trifloxystrobin 25% -WG 0.848 69.78 39.59 - -
T36 Untreated control
(sprayed only water) 0.607 49.99 - - -

From above Table 9 it can be seen that the compositions of the present invention i.e. T13-33 exhibits increased yield of Chilli as compared to other solo treatments T1 to T12. The present compositions also exhibits increase yield of Chilli as compared to marketed samples T34 and T35.

Example 41: Stability Study Data
Study of physical parameters of a present compositions were conducted. The compositions were prepared and kept at ambient temperature and at 54°C for 14 days (accelerated heat stability test). Data recorded is provided in below tables.

Table 10: Stability of Oil Dispersion (OD)
Oil Dispersion (OD)
Trifloxystrobin 5% +
Difenoconazole 5.5% +
Dodine 20% - OD Trifloxystrobin 20% + Difenoconazole 20% +
Dodine 5% - OD Trifloxystrobin 15% + Difenoconazole 15% +
Dodine 20% - OD
Physico-chemical Parameters Zero Day
Results AHS after 14
days @ 54oC Zero Day
Results AHS after 14
days @ 54oC Zero Day
Results AHS after 14
days @ 54oC
Trifloxystrobin Content
(% by w/w) 5.13 5.08 20.46 20.38 15.36 15.28
Difenoconazole Content
(% by w/w) 5.64 5.57 20.38 20.27 15.31 15.26
Dodine Content
(% by w/w) 20.29 20.21 5.25 5.18 20.43 20.32
Trifloxystrobin Suspensibility
(% by w/w) 94.89 94.33 94.88 94.65 93.15 92.88
Difenoconazole Suspensibility
(% by w/w) 95.06 94.65 94.67 94.39 92.96 92.74
Dodine Suspensibility
(% by w/w) 95.35 94.88 94.35 93.68 92.85 95.66
Wet sieve test
(% by w/w) 99.94 99.78 99.95 99.86 99.83 99.72
Pourability, Residue
(% by w/w) 3.65 3.22 3.76 3.62 3.15 2.97
pH
(1% Aqueous Solution) 7.65 7.38 7.35 7. 19 7.26 7.14
Persistent Foam, ml 35 32 44 46 28 30
AHS- Accelerated Heat Stability

Table 11: Stability of Water Dispersible Granule (WDG)
Water Dispersible Granule (WDG)
Trifloxystrobin 5% +
Difenoconazole 5.5% +
Dodine 62% - WDG Trifloxystrobin 5% + Difenoconazole 5.5% +
Dodine 20% - WDG Trifloxystrobin 5% + Difenoconazole 5% +
Dodine 60% - WDG Trifloxystrobin 20% + Difenoconazole 20% +
Dodine 5% - WDG Trifloxystrobin 15% + Difenoconazole 15% +
Dodine 20% - WDG
Physico-chemical Parameters Zero Day
Result AHS after 14
days @ 54oC Zero Day
Result AHS after 14
days @ 54oC Zero Day
Result AHS after 14
days @ 54oC Zero Day
Result AHS after 14
days @ 54oC Zero Day
Result AHS after 14
days @ 54oC
Trifloxystrobin Content
(% by w/w) 5.24 5.18 5.18 5.12 5.15 5.12 24.26 20.19 15.32 15.28
Difenoconazole Content
(% by w/w) 5.68 5.63 5.63 5.57 5.23 5.17 20.23 20.18 15.65 15.36
Dodine Content
(% by w/w) 62.38 62.31 20.26 20.15 60.45 60.37 5.17 5.11 20.26 20.21
Trifloxystrobin Suspensibility
(% by w/w) 89.85 89.57 87.65 86.88 91.65 90.89 86.65 86.89 86.32 86.11
Difenoconazole Suspensibility
(% by w/w) 89.96 89.55 88.25 87.59 90.65 90.11 90.65 88.73 87.36 86.85
Dodine Suspensibility
(% by w/w) 90.66 90.15 94.66 93.78 97.65 97.55 98.88 98.65 92.65 91.88
Wet sieve test
(% by w/w) 99.90 99.88 99.75 99.68 99.78 99.72 99.85 99.78 99.85 99.78
Wettability in second 8 10 7 8 42 38 8 10 10 12
pH
(1% Aqueous Solution) 6.95 6.86 6.83 6.81 6.95 6.86 7.23 7.18 7.35 7.24
Persistent Foam, ml 48 41 38 35 48 52 36 40 32 30
AHS- Accelerated Heat Stability

Table 12: Stability of Suspension Concentrate (SC)
Suspension Concentrate (SC)
Trifloxystrobin 20% +
Difenoconazole 20% +
Dodine 5% - SC Trifloxystrobin 5% + Difenoconazole 5.5% +
Dodine 20% - SC Trifloxystrobin 15% + Difenoconazole 15% +
Dodine 20% - SC
Physico-Chemical Parameters Zero Day
Result AHS after 14
days @ 54oC Zero Day
Result AHS after 14
days @ 54oC Zero Day
Result AHS after 14
days @ 54oC
Trifloxystrobin Content
(% by w/w) 20.18 20.10 5.18 5.14 15.26 15.19
Difenoconazole Content
(% by w/w) 20.32 20.26 5.60 5.57 15.33 15.29
Dodine Content
(% by w/w) 5.13 5.08 20.33 20.27 20.28 20.18
Trifloxystrobin Suspensibility
(% by w/w) 95.88 95.36 97.45 97.37 95.85 95.67
Difenoconazole Suspensibility
(% by w/w) 95.73 95.43 96.85 96.77 95.36 95.1 9
Dodine Suspensibility
(% by w/w) 95.65 95.32 96.75 95.95 94.35 93.75
Wet sieve test
(% by w/w) 99.93 99.88 99.95 99.92 99.88 99.85
Pourability, Residue
(% by w/w) 3.26 2.95 3.45 3.32 2.85 2.95
pH
(1% Aqueous Solution) 7.21 91.28 7.45 7.32 7.31 7.15
Persistent Foam, ml 32 28 21 18 32 28
AHS- Accelerated Heat Stability

Table 13: Stability of Wettable Powder (WP)
Wettable Powder (WP)
Trifloxystrobin 5% +
Difenoconazole 5.5% +
Dodine 62% - WP Trifloxystrobin 5% + Difenoconazole 5.5% +
Dodine 20% - WP Trifloxystrobin 5% + Difenoconazole 5% +
Dodine 60% - WP Trifloxystrobin 20% + Difenoconazole 20% +
Dodine 5% - WP Trifloxystrobin 15% + Difenoconazole 15% +
Dodine 20% - WP
Physico-chemical Parameters Zero Day
Result AHS after 14
days @ 54oC Zero Day
Result AHS after 14
days @ 54oC Zero Day
Result AHS after 14
days @ 54oC Zero Day
Result AHS after 14
days @ 54oC Zero Day
Result AHS after 14
days @ 54oC
Trifloxystrobin Content
(% by w/w) 5.11 5.08 5.08 5.05 5.11 5.08 20.22 20.16 15.32 15.28
Difenoconazole Content
(% by w/w) 5.65 5.61 5.58 5.55 5.14 5.09 20.18 24.15 15.25 15.21
Dodine Content
(% by w/w) 62.45 62.32 20.33 20.26 60.38 62.33 5.32 5.30 20.27 20.23
Trifloxystrobin Suspensibility
(% by w/w) 88.85 88.35 89.85 89.17 87.65 86.59 85.66 85.12 86.36 86.22
Difenoconazole Suspensibility
(% by w/w) 87.65 87.36 89.36 89.11 88.15 87.63 86.19 85.76 87.15 86.77
Dodine Suspensibility
(% by w/w) 92.87 92.10 93.15 92.66 93.66 92.45 94.88 93.77 91.65 90 32
Wet sieve test
(% by w/w) 99.90 99.88 99.94 99.82 99.83 99.78 99.88 99.79 99.83 99.75
Wettability in second 52 50 52 50 45 42 32 35 41 43
pH
(1% Aqueous Solution) 6.88 6.94 7.10 7.02 6.95 6.88 7.15 7.10 6.85 6.85
Persistent Foam, ml 55 48 42 36 45 48 48 50 48 52
AHS- Accelerated Heat Stability

Observation: It is observe from the above Tables 10 to 13 that the active ingredient content and suspensibility of the present compositions was observed to be constant after 14 days @ 54oC, leading to stable compositions that provides increasing shelf life and storage stability to the compositions.

,CLAIMS:We Claim,

1. A synergistic fungicidal composition for effective control of fungal infestation/diseases on variety of crops, fruits and vegetables comprising;
a) at least one strobilurin selected from Trifloxystrobin, Pyraclostrobin, Kresoxim methyl, Picoxystrobin or Azoxystrobin in an amount of 0.1% to 25%;
b) at least one triazole selected from Difenoconazole, Hexaconazole, Propiconazole, Tebuconazole, Cyproconazole, Prothioconazole, Tetraconazole, Triticonazole, Epoxiconazole or Flusilazole in an amount of 0.50% to 30%; and
c) at least one fungicide selected from Dodine, Captan, Ziram (Zinc dimethyldithiocarbamate), Propineb, Thiophanate Methyl, Metiram, Zineb, Chlorothalonil, Dimethomorph, Boscalid, Fluxapyroxad or Metrafenone-PM in an amount of 5% to 62%;
along with agrochemically acceptable excipients in an amount of 0.01% to 25% by weight of the total composition.

2. The synergistic insecticidal composition for effective control of fungal infestation/diseases on variety of crops, fruits and vegetables as claimed in claim 1; wherein said composition comprising;
a) Trifloxystrobin in an amount of 0.1% to 25%;
b) Difenoconazole in an amount of 0.50% to 30%;
c) Dodine in an amount of 5% to 62%;
along with agrochemically acceptable excipients in an amount of 0.01% to 25% by weight of the total composition.

3. The synergistic insecticidal composition as claimed in claims 1 and 2; wherein said agrochemically acceptable adjuvants/excipients are selected from dispersing/co-dispersing agents, wetting/co-wetting agents, anti-foaming agents/deformer, anti-freezing agents, coating agents, anti-bacterial agents/biocides, binder/co-binders, stabilizers, emulsifiers, curing agents, rheology modifiers, sticking agents, preservatives, solvent/co-solvents and fillers.

4. The synergistic insecticidal composition as claimed in claim 3; wherein said dispersing/co-dispersing agent is selected from sodium ligno sulphonates; sodium naphthalene sulphonate formaldehyde condensates; tristyryl phenol ethoxylate phosphate esters, polyarylphenyl ether phosphate, polyalkelene glycol ether, tristyrylphenol ethoxylate amine salt of phosphate, tristyryl phenol ethylated, acrylic co-polymer, acrylate copolymer, acrylic copolymer sodium salt, alkyl naphthalene sulfonate, naphthalene sulfonic acid, sodium alkyl naphthalene sulfonate blend, sodium polycarboxylate, sodium polyacrylate, ethoxylated oleyl cetyl alcohol, ethoxylated tristryl phenol sulphate, ethoxylated fatty alcohol, polymeric non-aqueous dispersing agent, polyoxyethylene isotridecanol, tristyrylphenol ethoxylate phosphate ester, sodium salt condensate with formaldehyde, aliphatic alcohol ethoxylates; alky ethoxylates; EO-PO block copolymers; and graft copolymers, either alone or mixtures thereof.

5. The synergistic insecticidal composition as claimed in claim 3; wherein said wetting/co-wetting agent is selected from block copolymer, alkoxylated alcohol, ethoxylated propoxylated alcohol, polyalkoxylated butyl ether, sodium alkyl sulphate, sodium lauryl sulphate, sodium alkyl benzene sulfonate, dioctyl sulfosuccinate, polyoxyethylene sorbitol hexaoleate, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate, polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene sorbitan monolaurate, tristyrylphenol ethoxylate, alkoxyleted alcohol, block copolymer, sodium dioctyl sulpho succinate, alkyl phenol ethoxylates and aliphatic alcohol ethoxylates, either alone or mixtures thereof.

6. The synergistic insecticidal composition as claimed in claim 3; wherein said anti-foaming agent/deformer is selected from siloxane polyalkyleneoxide, polydimethylsiloxane, silicon based agents, either alone or mixtures thereof.

7. The synergistic insecticidal composition as claimed in claim 3; wherein said anti-freezing agent is selected from glycol, polyethylene glycols, monoethylene glycol, glycerin, diethylene glycol, propane-1,2-diol, methoxy polyethylene glycols, polypropylene glycols, polybutylene glycols, glycerin and ethylene glycol, either alone or mixtures thereof.
8. The synergistic insecticidal composition as claimed in claim 3; wherein said coating agent is selected from Polyisocyanates, Polydiisocyanates, polymethylene polyphenylene isocyanate (PMPPI), hexamethylene diisocyanate (HMDI), Napthalene diisocyanate, Methylene bis-cyclohexylisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) or 4,4' methylenebis (cyclohexyl isocyanate), polyphenylisocyanate, Polymethylene polyphenylisocyanate, Toluene diisocyanate, and/or trimers of HMDI or IPDI, Trimethyl hexamethylene, Xylene diisocyanate, Tetramethyl xylene diisocyanate, Hexahydrotoluylene diisocyanate (HTDI), methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) and blocked polyisocyanates either alone or mixtures thereof.

9. The synergistic insecticidal composition as claimed in claim 3; wherein said anti-bacterial agent/biocide is selected from benzisothiazolin-3-one, formaldehyde, sodium benzoate, sodium o-phenyl phenate, 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, either alone or mixtures thereof.

10. The synergistic insecticidal composition as claimed in claim 3; wherein said binder / co-binder is selected from aluminium silicate, precipitated silica, fumed silica, diatomaceous earth, glucose polymers: amylose and amylopectin, a branched form, lactose anhydrous, silicic acid, sodium lignosulonate, modified phyllosilicate, either alone or mixtures thereof.

11. The synergistic insecticidal composition as claimed in claim 3; wherein said stabilizer is selected from polysaccharides, carboxymethyl cellulose, bentonite clay, aluminum magnesium silicate, either alone or mixtures thereof.

12. The synergistic insecticidal composition as claimed in claim 3; wherein said emulsifier is selected from calcium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, tristyryl phenyl ethoxylate, calcium alkyl benzen sulfonate, either alone or mixtures thereof.

13. The synergistic insecticidal composition as claimed in claim 3; wherein said curing agent is selected from amine compound, aromatic amines, aliphatic amines, polyamides, cycloaliphatic amines, anhydrides and imidazoles, either alone or mixtures thereof.

14. The synergistic insecticidal composition as claimed in claim 3; wherein said rheology modifier is selected from polysaccharides, carboxymethyl cellulose, bentonite clay, aluminum magnesium silicate, either alone or mixtures thereof.

15. The synergistic insecticidal composition as claimed in claim 3; wherein said sticking agent is selected from polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyoxyethylene lauryl ether, either alone or mixtures thereof.

16. The synergistic insecticidal composition as claimed in claim 3; wherein said preservative is selected from 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one, benzoic acid, sodium benzoate, propionic acid, sorbic acid, and sodium diacetate, either alone or mixture thereof.

17. The synergistic insecticidal composition as claimed in claim 3; wherein said solvent / co-solvent is selected from aromatic solvent, di-methyl formamide, N-methyl pyrrolidone, heavy aromatic naptha, either alone or mixtures thereof.

18. The synergistic insecticidal composition as claimed in claim 3; wherein said filler is selected from DM water, silicon dioxide, china-clay, kaolin, talc, starch, urea formaldehyde resin, aluminium silicate, methylated oleic acid ester, methylated fatty acid ester, either alone or mixtures thereof.

19. The synergistic insecticidal composition as claimed in claim 1 and 2; wherein said composition is formulated in different dosage forms such as Capsule suspension (CS), Dispersible concentrate (DC), Dustable powder (DP), Powder for dry seed treatment (DS), Emulsifiable concentrate (EC), Emulsifiable granule (EG), Emulsion water in-oil (EO), Emulsifiable powder (EP), Emulsion for seed treatment (ES), Emulsion oil-in-water (EW), Flowable concentrate for seed treatment (FS), Granules (GR), Controlled (Slow or Fast) release granules (CR), Jambo balls or bags (bags in water soluble pouch), Solution for foliar spray (LS), Micro-emulsion (ME), Oil-dispersion (OD), Oil miscible flowable concentrate (OF), Oil miscible liquid (OL), Oil dispersible powder (OP), Suspension concentrate (SC), Suspension concentrate for direct application (SD), Suspo-emulsion (SE), Water soluble granule (SG), Soluble concentrate (SL), Spreading oil (SO), Water soluble powder (SP), Water soluble tablet (ST), Ultra-low volume (ULV) Tablet (TB), Aerosol (AE), Ultra-low volume (ULV) suspension (SU), Ultra-low volume liquid (UL), Water dispersible granules (WG or WDG), Wettable powder (WP), Water dispersible powder (WDP), Water dispersible tablet (WT), Zeon concentrate (ZC) - mixed formulation of CS and SC, a mixed formulation of CS and SE (ZE), a mixed formulation of CS and EW (ZW).

20. The synergistic insecticidal composition as claimed in claims 1, 2 and 19; wherein said composition is preferably, formulated in the form of Suspension concentrate (SC), Capsule suspension (CS), Water dispersible granule (WG or WDG), Wettable powder (WP), mixed formulation of CS and SC (ZC), Micro-emulsion (ME), Oil-dispersion (OD), and Emulsifiable concentrate (EC).

21. A method of effectively controlling fungal infestation/diseases on infected varieties of crops, fruits and vegetables by applying synergistic fungicidal composition comprising; (a) at least one strobilurin selected from Trifloxystrobin, Pyraclostrobin, Kresoxim methyl, Picoxystrobin or Azoxystrobin in an amount of 0.1% to 25%; (b) at least one triazole selected from Difenoconazole, Hexaconazole, Propiconazole, Tebuconazole, Cyproconazole, Prothioconazole, Tetraconazole, Triticonazole, Epoxiconazole or Flusilazole in an amount of 0.50% to 30%; and (c) at least one fungicide selected from Dodine, Captan, Ziram (Zinc dimethyldithiocarbamate), Propineb, Thiophanate Methyl, Metiram, Zineb or Chlorothalonil, Dimethomorph, Boscalid, Fluxapyroxad or Metrafenone-PM in an amount of 5% to 62%; alongwith agrochemically acceptable excipients in an amount of 0.01% to 25% by weight of the total composition.

22. A method of improving crop health and increasing crop yield of variety of crops, fruits and vegetables by applying synergistic fungicidal composition comprising; (a) at least one strobilurin selected from Trifloxystrobin, Pyraclostrobin, Kresoxim methyl, Picoxystrobin or Azoxystrobin in an amount of 0.1% to 25%; (b) at least one triazole selected from Difenoconazole, Hexaconazole, Propiconazole, Tebuconazole, Cyproconazole, Prothioconazole, Tetraconazole, Triticonazole, Epoxiconazole or Flusilazole in an amount of 0.50% to 30%; and (c) at least one fungicide selected from Dodine, Captan, Ziram (Zinc dimethyldithiocarbamate), Propineb, Thiophanate Methyl, Metiram, Zineb, Chlorothalonil, Dimethomorph, Boscalid, Fluxapyroxad or Metrafenone-PM in an amount of 5% to 62%; alongwith agrochemically acceptable excipients in an amount of 0.01% to 25% by weight of the total composition.

23. A method of controlling disease severity on different variety of crops, fruits and vegetables by applying synergistic fungicidal composition comprising; (a) at least one strobilurin selected from Trifloxystrobin, Pyraclostrobin, Kresoxim methyl, Picoxystrobin or Azoxystrobin in an amount of 0.1% to 25%; (b) at least one triazole selected from Difenoconazole, Hexaconazole, Propiconazole, Tebuconazole, Cyproconazole, Prothioconazole, Tetraconazole, Triticonazole, Epoxiconazole or Flusilazole in an amount of 0.50% to 30%; and (c) at least one fungicide selected from Dodine, Captan, Ziram (Zinc dimethyldithiocarbamate), Propineb, Thiophanate Methyl, Metiram, Zineb or Chlorothalonil, Dimethomorph, Boscalid, Fluxapyroxad or Metrafenone-PM in an amount of 5% to 62%; alongwith agrochemically acceptable excipients in an amount of 0.01% to 25% by weight of the total composition.

24. The method of effective controlling fungal infestation, disease severity, improving crop health and increasing crop yield of crops, fruits and vegetables as claimed in claims 1, 2, 21 to 23; wherein said variety of crops, fruits and vegetables are selected from Field crops such as rice, wheat barley, millets, corn; Oil seed crops such as peanut, soybean, brassica, cotton, sesame; Fruits such as apple, banana, citrus-lime fruits, grape, watermelon, pomegranate; Stone fruits such as cherries, peaches, plum, apricot, lychees, mango; and Vegetables such as tomato, potato, brinjal, okra, cole crops, beans, chili, ginger, onion and garlic.