FORM 2
THE PATENTS ACT, 1970
(39 of 1970)
&
THE PATENTS RULES, 2003
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION (See section 10, rule 13)
A SYNERGISTIC HERBAL FORMULATION FOR REPELLING MOSQUITOES AND METHOD OF PREPARING THE SAME
ROYALTON HOME GROWN FOOD PRIVATE LIMITED of E-4/198; ARERA COLONY, BHOPAL, Madhya Pradesh, India
The following specification particularly describes the invention.

FIELD OF INVENTION
The present invention relates to a synergistic herbal formulation comprising of oil of Azadirachta Indica (neem oil), natural oil extract, camphor powder and other ingredients such as Allium Sativum (solid form), Cinnamon Cassia (solid form), Laurus Nobilis (solid form), which is used for repelling mosquitoes. The present invention also provides a process for the preparation of the herbal formulation and apparatus for diffusing the same. The formulation of the present invention is completely organic, non-toxic, environment-friendly, exuding no smoke or chemical substances into the environment.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Mosquitoes are the largest group of insects, which transmit many diseases like malaria, filaria, Japanese encephalitis and dengue throughout the world. For the purpose of repelling mosquitoes, use of chemical insecticides is not safe as they are chemical-based and have long-term side effects on an individual’s health, especially the respiratory system besides causing air pollution. Mosquito-repellants currently available in the market run the risk of causing a myriad health hazards and a variety of skin diseases.
Various prior publications report the control of mosquitoes by different methodologies and products. These products are mostly synthetic in nature and are heavily processed prior to commercialization. The list includes the pyrethroids (including deltamethrins, cyfluthryns, etc), organochlorine, aromatic amides, organophosphates and carbamates, which pollute the air and are hence considered undesirable for the purpose of repelling mosquitoes.
U.S. Patent No. 4,556,562 discloses that Azadirachta Indica oil may work as a contact killer, as an anti-feedant, as an insect-growth regulator, a sterilizing agent, a gut motility inhibitor, and/or as a chitin inhibitor. However, this oil has a pungent, repulsive smell, which is generally unbearable to the human olfactory system.

WO 2013/050967 discloses a pesticidal composition, wherein the pesticidal natural oil and/or component thereof, derivative thereof comprises of neem oil, clove oil, peppermint oil, cinnamon oil, thyme oil, oregano oil, garlic oil, anise oil, geranium oil, lime oil, lavender oil, components and/or derivatives thereof . However, the specification discloses use of polar aromatic solvent which is selected from the group consisting of: aryl alcohols, aryl-alkyl alcohols, aryl aldehydes, aryl-alkyl ketones, aryl-aryl ketones, aryl carboxylic acids, aryl esters, aryl-alkyl esters, aryl-aryl esters, aryl-alkyl ethers, and aryl-aryl ethers, which would change the base characteristic property of the natural oils and further modify their properties upon combination.
Sana Tabassum et. al in Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry 2018; 7(2): 2234-2238 discloses development of NEMCAM (NEMCAM=Neem oil, Azadirachta indica and Camphor, Cinnamomum camphora) formulation and determining its mosquito repellent and larvicidal activity by various methods. In this article, use of ethanol is disclosed.
Use of alcohol as solvent for neem oil results of burning eyes, pungent smell and a very small area that could effectively be covered as the neem extract would evaporate very quickly upon heating in an open container.
US 2013/0259846 A1 discloses a method and a formulation for mosquito control wherein
the pesticide is a chemical agent, which is selected from the group consisting of
Azadirachtin, Diflubenzuron, Methoprene, Neem Oil (Azadirachta indica), Novaluron,
Pyriproxyfen, S-Methoprene, S-Hydropene and Temephos. Further, wherein the pesticide
is a biological agent, selected from the group consisting of Ascogregarine spp., Bacillus
sphaericus, Bacillus thuringiensis
israelensis, Baculoviruses, Copepoda spp., Densovirinae spp., Lagenidium giganteum,
Microsporida spp., Spinosad and Spinosyn.

Indian patent application number 201817047097 discloses pesticidal mixtures comprising sabadilla alkaloids and azadirachtin and methods of controlling pests including insects and mites by application of pesticidal mixtures comprising sabadilla alkaloids and azadirachtin.
Indian patent application number 201921004235 discloses a herbal composition consisting of Audropogon citratus, Pinus Roxburgi, Camphora officinali, Azadirachta indica, Ocimum Sanctum, Eucalyptus Globulus with base q.s. This formulation spreads smoothly on skin and gives long term protection up to 8 hours.
However, most of the prior arts discloses either chemical treatment or herbal methods in combination with chemical agents. Further, some herbal compositions suggested by the prior art discloses application by spraying or application on skin surface.
Further, existing technology consists of a heater machine supported by a bottle containing liquid vaporizers. The plug-in machine vaporizes the liquid in the bottle to repel / kill mosquitoes. The evaporated chemicals dissipate in the surroundings and are inhaled by individuals present in those surroundings. Thus, endanger human safety and environment. The use of plug-in products often exposes individuals (especially infants) to health hazards including breathing problems of varying degrees, eye irritation or allergic reactions.
Further, coil repellants and other similar forms of repellants are burnt indoors to serve the purpose of killing/ repelling mosquitoes. However, the smoke emitted in the surrounding, pollutes the air and also cause respiratory irritation, headache, nausea, dizziness, cough to individuals when such coils are burnt for a long duration indoors.
Therefore, there is a need for a non-toxic herbal formulation which can effectively overcome the shortcomings of the prior art or existing technology.
OBJECTIVES OF THE INVENTION
The primary object of the present invention is to provide a synergistic herbal formulation that act as a mosquito repellant, without having any toxic effects in any way on human

health and environment. The present invention does not entail application on the skin of the human body and provides an eco-friendly, economical, non-hazardous solution to repel mosquitoes. Furthermore, it is pertinent to highlight that the present invention provides an alternative to the conventional way of repelling mosquitoes by using plug-in machine vaporizers or coil repellants.
Another object of the present invention is to develop mosquito repellant, which is eco-friendly, economic, non-hazardous, avoids skin/surface application and is chemical free.
Yet another object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus for diffusing the synergistic herbal mosquito repellant formulation.
Still another object of the present invention is to provide the formulation, that can be used without the need of electricity hence aiding the millions of people staying in rural areas and saving lives.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Mosquitoes are of different types and can act as carriers of deadly diseases. As confirmed by World Health Organization (WHO) reports, mosquito-borne diseases cause millions of deaths annually. It has been reported that the incidence of dengue, malaria and other mosquito-borne diseases has increased manifold in the last thirty years.
Accordingly, it is imperative that there are ample eco-friendly, commercially- viable and toxic-free solutions for repelling mosquitoes. Hence, the significance of the present invention in the present times cannot be negated.
The present invention provides an effective mosquito repellant formulation comprising of a blend of essential oil extracted from the plant of Azadirachta Indica, camphor, Cinnamon Cassia, Allium Sativum, Laurus Nobilis and optionally glycine max and natural oil extract. The present herbal formulation is safe, economical, eco-friendly, non-hazardous/ non-toxic.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Accordingly, the present invention provides a novel synergistic herbal mosquito repellent formulation comprising: (i) oil of Azadirachta Indica in the range of 70 ml to 90 ml; (ii) natural oil extract in the range of 30 ml to 50 ml.; (iii) camphor in the range of 2 gm to 5 gm.; (iv) Allium Sativum in the range of 2 gm to 3 gm; (v) Cinnamon Cassia about 1 gm to 1.5 gm and (vi) Laurus Nobilis 0.01 gm. to 0.03 gm.
Another embodiment of the herbal formulation, wherein the natural oil extract is either ortang or lemongrass.
Ortang –
For the purpose of present disclosure, ortang refers to an orange-lemon concoction, which is used as one of the ingredients of the oil product. The concoction comprises of a blend of orange juice and lemon juice in the ratio 70:30 respectively. The orange-lemon concoction was prepared so that it can be used to reduce the pungent smell created by the neem oil (a major ingredient of the formulation) and thereby, enhancing the olfactory property of the formulation.
Yet another embodiment of the herbal formulation, wherein the ratio of the natural oil extract to oil of Azadirachta Indica is 30:70, preferably 40:60.
One another embodiment of the invention, wherein the herbal formulation comprises of 60 ml. of oil of Azadirachta Indica, 40 ml. of natural oil extract, 3.8 gm. of camphor, 2 gm of Allium Sativum, 1 gm. of Cinnamon Cassia and 0.02 gm of Laurus Nobilis.
In still another embodiment of the invention relates to the final method for preparing herbal formulation which comprises of:
a. Mixing oil of Azadirachta Indica with powdered camphor and constantly
stirring the mixture for thirty minutes to obtain a solution;
b. Adding natural oil extract to solution of step (a) and mixing it thoroughly;

c. Placing the solution of step (b) in a closed decanter for 24 to 28 hours,
allowing the solid particles to settle down, followed by separating it through
a sieve and obtaining resultant solution devoid of solid particles;
d. Adding Allium sativum, Laurus Nobilis and Cinnamon Cassia sticks into the
resultant solution and obtaining a formulation.
e. Keeping the formulation in a cool dry place for 20 to 30 days and obtaining
the final herbal formulation.
Yet another embodiment of the invention provides, an apparatus, wherein the herbal formulation is vaporized using a ceramic/ terracotta-based pot diffuser. At the center of the pot, an electric bulb or a candle is placed. The heat is generated by lighting or burning the bulb/ candle and evaporates the oil, which in turn diffuses the formulation in the surroundings to keep mosquitoes at bay.
In candle-based diffuser (Figure 1), the candle produces the necessary heat required to evaporate and diffuse the oil placed on top of the pot.
And, in electric based diffuser (Figure 2), the bulb is placed in a void inside the pot, which is connected to an electric source. The heat generated by the electric bulb evaporates the oil placed on the top of the pot. The holes in the pot serve the purpose of preventing over-heating of the pot, providing an outlet for excess heat and to ensure that the oil evaporates at a constant temperature.
Further embodiment of the invention relates to the herbal formulation as and when used for repelling mosquitoes by diffusing the formulation into the surrounding using the ceramic pot enclosing a bulb.
The advantages of the disclosed invention are thus attained in an economical, practical and facile manner. While preferred embodiments and example configurations have been shown and described, it is to be understood that various further modifications and additional configurations will be apparent to those skilled in the art. It is intended that the specific

embodiments and configurations herein disclosed are illustrative of the preferred and best modes for practicing the invention and should not be interpreted as limitations on the scope of the invention.
Compatibility studies of Azadirachta Indica and natural oil extract in the presence of additional balancing agent:
Example 1 – In a herbal formulation when 30% Azadirachta Indica and 30% natural oil extract with 40% spirit was studied and it was noted that the fragrance of the natural extract was too overwhelming. It evaporated faster than Azadirachta Indica hence lead to extremely heavy fragrance to start with and then suddenly the pungent smell of Azadirachta Indica arose. This combination did evaporate and lead to the burning of the oil too soon.
Example 2 -When 50% Azadirachta Indica and 50% natural oil extract was used, it was noted that the fragrance of the natural extract was too overwhelming and evaporated faster than Azadirachta Indica. Hence lead to extremely heavy fragrance to start with and then suddenly the pungent smell of Azadirachta Indica arose. This combination did evaporate at a constant pace and lead to burning of the oil too soon.
Example 3 - When 60% Azadirachta Indica was used with 40 % natural oil extract. The natural oil extract balanced or covered the smell of neem oil and aided to the repletion of mosquitoes, but it still did not evaporate as one unit and the oil burn out very quickly.
Example 4- Addition of a balancing agent to a combination of 60% Azadirachta Indica and 40% natural oil extract: Laurus Nobilis in solid leaves form was added. Liquid form would have changed the ratios and the properties of the entire formulation. Further, the solid leaves were torn into small pieces to increase the surface area of interaction between the oil and the leaves and balanced the burning rate of the two oils.
Example 5- Addition of camphor (powdered), Cinnamon Cassia (solid) and Allium Sativum(solid): After the addition of Laurus Nobilis, the problem of dissipation at different speeds ended but the oil still burnt very fast and the mosquito repellant characteristics of the

oil reduces because of the mixture. After so many attempts, the addition of Cinnamon Cassia(soild), camphor (powdered) and allium sativum (solid) resulted in an oil that had a constant pace of burning, did not burn out too soon, had a nice fragrance, a good shelf life, area of vaporization had increased and did not catch fire even after contact with fire directly.
Preparation of herbal formulation
The formulation was prepared by mixing natural neem oil with camphor and slowly stirring it until the camphor dissolves in the oil completely to obtain a solution which is 20 to 25 minutes generally. The solution obtained is placed in an open decanter for 24 to 28 hours depending upon the moisture in the air and that of the oil. The preferred range of moisture while extracting Azadirachta Indica is 8% to 12%. The solution is then mixed with natural oil extract, which is Ortang and stirred thoroughly. The new solution is placed in a closed decanter for 24 to 28 hours, allowing the solid particles to settle down, followed by separating it through a sieve and obtaining resultant solution devoid of solid particles.
The next step involves adding Allium sativum, Laurus Nobilis and Cinnamon Cassia sticks into the resultant solution (all in solid forms) and obtaining the formulation. This solution is then kept for 20 – 30 days before using it.
The 100 ml solution without the sold leaves and sticks are then put in bottles and then to each bottle, fresh allium sativum in solid state with cuts across the outer surface is added. Thereafter, fresh 0.01 gm. to 0.03 gm Laurus Nobilis leaves were shredded into small pieces to increase the surface area and finally fresh 1 gm to 1.5 gm of solid Cinnamon Cassia sticks were put into the bottles and the formulation is prepared.
The raw materials form a perfect amalgam that acts as a synergistic mosquito repellent. The allium sativum, laurus nobilis and cinnamon cassia solid particles are intact but drenched in the oil and exchanged all the essential ingredients required to make the final product.

The pungent smell of neem oil was subsided by applying ortang oil. It is a citrus flavour like orange extracted naturally. Mixing it with neem oil and heating it caused the smell to dissipate and hence made the formulation efficient.
Important role of Allium Sativum Laurus Nobilis and Cinnamon Cassia sticks
For mitigating the problems of the smaller radius of vaporisation, difference in boiling points and long-lasting effects of the formulation, Laurus Nobilis was added. Mixing of Laurus Nobilis lead to a base product that could be burnt without having a bad odour that earlier arose because of the difference between the minor boiling points of the two oils. Laurus Nobilis did leave a residue and hence for the entire formulation to be dissolved, mixed and kept for a while which in-turn changed the property of the base materials over time (20 – 30 days). Camphor was also added during this time, which also acted as a base for the two oils and added to the mosquito repellent characteristics.
To further enhance the mosquito repellent activity of the formulation, Allium Sativum i.e. garlic in a form of clove with cuts to it, was used. This increased the area of interaction between the oil and the garlic clove. To this, solid Cinnamon Cassia was added. These elements when interacted with the oil and the camphor along with Laurus Nobilis dissolved in oil changed the property of the base oil.
The mixture was then allowed to rest for 20-30 days after which the oil is taken and placed in a bottle with the Cinnamon Cassia, Laurus Nobilis and garlic clove still in it. Then about 2-3 ml of the oil was vaporised in a room, with open windows and doors. It was noted there were no mosquitoes in the vicinity.
Upon further research, it was found out that the natural extracts did not kill the mosquitoes. The smell of the concoction in fact drove them away. It is very specifically tuned toward mosquitoes. This concoction did not have any effect on flies. Since the formulation that is used is natural, after a few rounds of usage, a fatty layer from the oil is left at the bottom of the diffuser which could be used in gardens since all of component used in the formulation were natural.

Thus, the present invention provides a synergistic mosquito repellent and method for the preparation of the same. The response is enabling repelling of target mosquitoes. The ratio of the natural oil extract of ortang to oil of Azadirachta Indica is 30:70, preferably 40:60.
SCREENING OF NATURAL OIL EXTRACTS TO BE USED IN THE HERBAL FORMULATION
Different natural oil extracts were screened and their effects as were studied. Cinnamon oil, eucalyptus oil, honey dew, rose, lemongrass, lily, green apple, flamingo, musk, lemon, orange, citronella, palm oil extracts were as a natural oil extract to begin the tests. The first tests started by heating various oils on an electric filament-based heater. This heater has a metal plate on top. Electricity heats the steel plate which in turn heats the material kept on top as shown in figure 3.
The oils were heated, and their effects were noted based on area covered, Mosquitoes in the vicinity, Fragrance, Burning time. These tests were done in a 300 square feet area room. Area covered was monitored by smelling the fragrance at various distances in the room after 5 minutes of burning. Approx. oil used was 1 -2 ml for each test.
Table 1: Screening of various oils:

S. Type of oil Mosquitoes Fragrance Burning Side Effects
No. in the time (in
1. vicinity minute)

Cinnamon oil Minimal Pleasant to burnt 2 Nil
2. repulsion

Eucalyptus oil Medium Explosive to burnt 2 Burning of eyes
3. repulsion and suffocation

Honeydew, Rose, Minimal Fruity 1 Evaporates too
Lily, Green Apple, Musk repulsion quickly with thick residue

4. Pa lm oil and Minimal Unpleasant to bad 2 Eye irritation
5. Flamingo repulsion odour

Le mongrass, Medium Pleasant 3 Nil
Lemon and repulsion
6. Orange

Azadirachta Maximum Pungent 3 Eye irritation,
Indica repulsion uneasy, thick
7. black residue.

Natural oil extract Medium Sweet citrus 2 Nil
ortang depultion
Above results indicated that the most potent combination would be natural oil extract at S.No.5 i.e. lemon mixed with orange (ortang) or Lemongrass with Azadirachta Indica.
Table 2: Showing the effect of Azadirachta Indica and natural oil extract at various ratios, on the repellence of mosquitoes in the vicinity

S. Mixing of Mosquitoes Fragrance Evaporation Oil Residue
No. oils in the vicinity time (minutes) burning
time
(Burnt
1. smell)

50% Maximum overwhelming 3 Effect does not
Azadirachta Indica and 50% natural repulsion 4 min 43 sec last long. Thick layer left.
2. oil extract

60% Maximum Pleasant Evaporation 54 min Thick fatty
Azadirachta repulsion fragrance to start time – layer of
Indica and 40 % natural oil extract slightly pungent neem to burnt 8 min to 10 min residue

3. 60% Maximum Neem smell Evaporation 54 min Fragrance not
Azadirachta repulsion overpowering start time – pleasant, the
Indica, 40% natural oil extract (ortang) and 10% Laurus Nobilis. the solution 8 min to 10 min oil failed to act in changing the dispersion rates between Azadirachta Indica and
4. ortang.

60% Maximum pleasant Evaporation 49 min fragrance was
Azadirachta repulsion fragrance start start time – pleasant,
Indica, 40% natural oil extract (ortang), 10% Laurus Nobilis (Laurus Nobilis* leaves in shredded form
immersed in oil mixture for 10 days) to end 7 min to 9 min vaporization between the oils acted in sync.
Stabilizing the solution for uniform diffusion without reducing the mosquito repellant properties.
Addition of camphor (powdered), Cinnamon Cassia (solid) and Allium Sativum(solid) – After the addition of Laurus Nobilis, the problem of dissipation at different speeds subsided

but the oil would still burn very fast and the mosquito repellant characteristics of the oil is reduced. Therefore, the addition of Cinnamon Cassia, camphor (powdered) and Allium Sativum (solid) resulted in an oil that had a constant pace of burning, did not burn out too soon, had a nice fragrance, a good shelf life, area of vaporization had increased and did not catch fire.
Experiment 6 - Heating the mixture of 70 ml. of oil of Azadirachta Indica, 30 ml. of natural oil extract, 10 gm. of camphor, 5 gm of Allium Sativum, 4 gm. of Cinnamon Cassia and of 0.02 gm of Laurus Nobilis kept for 10 days, on the ceramic pot -based diffuser. – Results

Mosquitoes in the vicinity Maximum repulsion
Fragrance (Start to End) Camphor and allium sativum smell
overpowering
Side Effects Burning eyes due to camphor and
Allium Sativum. The smell not
bearable. Also, cinnamon sticks
absorbed the oil
Experiment 7 - Heating the mixture 70 ml. of oil of Azadirachta Indica, 30 ml. of natural oil extract, 5 gm. of camphor, 3 gm of Allium Sativum, 2 gm. of Cinnamon Cassia and of 0.02 gm of Laurus Nobilis on the same diffuser –
Results:

Mosquitoes in the vicinity Maximum repulsion
Fragrance (Start to End) Azadirachta Indica smell overpowering
with a mix of camphor.
Side Effects Burning eyes due to camphor and. The
smell not pleasant.

Experiment No – 8. Heating the mixture - 60 ml. of oil of Azadirachta Indica, 40 ml. of natural oil extract, 3.8 gm. of camphor, 2 gm of Allium Sativum, 1 gm. of Cinnamon Cassia and of 0.02 gm of Laurus Nobilis on the device.
Results:

Mosquitoes in the vicinity Maximum repulsion
Fragrance (Start to End)– pleasant to pleasant
Side Effects Nil.
The oil is flame resistant, burns at a
constant rate despite increase in the heat
from the burner due to constant heating,
pleasant smell, burn time is long, area
covered is large, repels mosquitos to a
maximum.
It can be observed and concluded from the above experimentation; the final formulation has evolved beyond the base properties of the elements. For instance:
1. Camphor is extremely flammable yet the oil (Mosquito repellent) is completely fire resistant.
2. Lemon and orange (ortang as mentioned above) – As we have seen that ortang evaporates in 3 minutes upon heating whereas oil constantly vaporises till over 45 minutes.
3. The present formulation clearly showcases that due to the citrus effect of the
ortang and the use of solid clove the necessary properties of allium sativum via
immersing it in the oil alone was extracted. Furthermore, there was no pungent
smell associated with allium sativum.

We Claim:
1. A synergistic herbal formulation for repelling mosquitoes comprises of: (i) oil of Azadirachta Indica in the range of 70 ml to 90 ml; (ii) natural oil extract in the range of 30 ml to 50 ml.; (iii) camphor in the range of 2 gm to 5 gm.; (iv) Allium Sativum in the range of 2 gm to 3 gm; (v) cinnamon sticks about 1 gm to 1.5 gm and (vi) Laurus Nobilis 0.01 g to 0.03 gm.
2. The herbal formulation as claimed in claim 1, wherein the natural oil extract is ortang or lemongrass extract.
3. The herbal formulation as claimed in claim 2, wherein the ortang is a mixture of orange and lemon.
4. The herbal formulation as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ratio of the natural oil extract to oil of Azadirachta Indica is 30:70, preferably 40:60.
5. The herbal formulation as claimed in claims 1-4, comprises of 60 ml. of oil of Azadirachta Indica, 40 ml. of natural oil extract, 3.8 gm. of camphor, 2 gm of Allium Sativum, 1 gm. of cinnamon and of 0.02 gm of Laurus Nobilis.
6. A method for preparing herbal formulation as claimed in claims 1-5 comprises of:
a. Mixing oil of Azadirachta Indica with powdered camphor and constantly
stirring the mixture for thirty minutes to obtain a solution;
b. Adding natural oil extract to solution of step (a) and mixing it thoroughly;
c. Placing the solution of step (b) in a closed decanter for 24 to 28 hours,
allowing the solid particles to settle down, followed by separating it through
a sieve and obtaining resultant solution devoid of solid particles;
d. Adding Allium sativum, Laurus Nobilis and Cinnamon Cassia sticks into the
resultant solution and obtaining a formulation.

e. Keeping the formulation in a cool dry place for 20 to 30 days and obtaining the final herbal formulation.
7. The herbal formulation as claimed in the preceding claims as and when used for repelling mosquitoes by diffusing the formulation into the surrounding using the ceramic pot enclosing a bulb.