The present invention relates to synergistic insecticidal compositions comprising bioactive amounts of (A) an insecticide Nitenpyram; (B) an insecticide Pymetrozine; (C) at least one insecticidal compound selected from Fipronil and Fenobucarb. The present invention further relates to process of preparing said composition along with at least one inactive excipients and formulation thereof.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION:
Pests including insects can have adverse and damaging impacts on agricultural production by affecting crops and food production. In addition, pests can have detrimental effect on environment and human health. Insecticide or pesticides are used widely and very frequently in commercial agriculture and have enabled an enormous increase in crop yield and product quality which is ultimately advantageous to the farmers economically. In order to control pests of plant, various pesticides or combination of pesticides are being used by farmers. Combination of insecticides are used to broaden the spectrum of control of insect, to improve the pest control with synergistic effect, reduce dosage, thereby reducing environmental impact, to broaden the spectrum of control, i.e. chewing and sucking insects including leafhoppers and panthoppers at a time, decrease chances of development and management of resistance and to enhance residual control so lesser the number of sprays for crop protections and minimizing the pesticidal load in ecosystem.
Insecticidal compositions that can be applied at as low a dose as possible and be effective in controlling pest species of insects, especially Leptocorisa species of insects (mostly known as "rice bugs" or gundhi bugs) and hoppers while causing as little harm as possible to beneficial insects and minimal disturbance in the environment are in demand by the farming community. Insects are very destructive to crops and can result in significant loss of crop yield and quality, which results in economic loss to the grower and increased cost to the consumer. Combinations of insecticides are typically used to broaden the spectrum of insect control, to minimize the doses of chemicals used, to retard resistance development and to reduce the cost of treatment through additive effect. Although, many combinations of insecticidal agents have been studied, a synergistic effect is rarely attained. Therefore, there is still a need for novel insecticidal composition that exhibits synergistically enhanced action, a broader scope of activity and reduced cost of treatment.
Rice, being staple crop in India, is seen to be attacked by various species of pests. The most common ones being Rice bugs (Gundhi bugs), Leafhoppers and plant hoppers-which are sucking insects that remove sap from the xylem and phloem tissues of the plant. High population infestations severely damage plants. Gundhi bug is a pest of rice. It damages the crop by sucking out the contents which develop grains from pre-flowering spikelets. They are on the soft dough stage and cause filled or empty grains and discolouration. The rice bugs feed on rice grains at its immature and adult stage. They are found near factors such as extensive weedy areas, wild grasses, near canal Woodlands, and rice planting. The adult rice bugs are active during the day and early morning. They hide in grasses during bright sunlight. They are left unnoticed. They create deformed or sporty grains, erect panicles, and shrivelled grains. They can be serious pests of rice and sometimes reduce yield by as much as 30%.
Hopper damage is called “hopper burn” because plants dry up and take on the orange-yellowish to brownish appearance of plants that have been damaged by fire. Symptoms of hopper burn include: Hopperburn or yellowing, browning and drying of plant; Circular patches of drying and lodging of matured plant; Nymphs and adults congregate at the base of the plant above the water level; Affected plant dries up and gives a scorched appearance called “hopper burn”.
In addition to causing hopperburn, these insects are also vectors of various rice virus diseases, such as rice tungro virus transmitted by the green leafhopper. Depending on the species and prevailing conditions, leafhoppers may go through one to three generations per year. Those species passing through several generations per year are generally the most serious, as their numbers can increase dramatically throughout the season.
In order to control sucking pests including rice bugs and hoppers affecting rice crop plant, several pesticides or combinations of pesticides have been developed and are currently in use for example pesticides such as acephate, buprofezin, dichlorovos, ethofenprox, imidacloprid, thiamethoxam; combination of pesticides such as deltamethrin and buprofezin, ethiprole and imidacloprid, buprofezin and acephate etc. However, such pesticides or combination of pesticides show reduced efficacy against sucking pests of rice including rice bugs and hoppers due to development of resistance to said pesticides or combination of pesticides. Therefore, there is a need to develop a synergistic insecticidal compositions comprising combination of insecticides to protect and cure aforementioned pest infestations, which have the following advantages and effects:
• use lower dosage of individual insecticides, are applied at lower dosage,
• have prophylactic and curative action,
• quick known down effect against the rice pests such as rice bugs and hoppers
• reduced or not phytotoxicity and imparting of greening effect to crops;
• involves application of lesser number of spray rounds which mean longer spells of pest free crop;
• promotes and provides higher yield of crop and is cost effective;
• aids in resistance management

Certain applications disclose certain combinations of insecticides but their compositions post a lot of issues.
For instance, reference may be made to CN102228050A, wherein it is provided a synergistic pesticide composition and further provides a preparation method and purposes of the composition. The composition is a mixture comprising compound (A) Dinotefuran and compound (B) Nitenpyram. The pesticide composition provided in the invention has high insecticidal efficiency and can effectively control insects on a plurality of crops like paddy rice, fruit trees and vegetables. However, there is a limited scope for such type of insecticidal applications and is not broad spectrum and also the build of resistance for such insecticide is relatively fast.
Reference may be also made to CN101720769A, wherein it is provided a novel composition and a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the insecticidal composition is a mixture comprising a compound (A), i.e., pymetrozine and a compound (B), i.e. chlorantraniliprole.
Reference may be made to CN101480193A, wherein the patent relates to a composition containing Nitenpyram. The composition further comprises bifenthrin, high-efficiency Lambda-cyhalothrin, Banleptm, Hexaflumuron, Isoprocorb and balance solvent or auxiliary agent useable and acceptable in pesticide.

Reference may be made to US20040220199A1, wherein the patent relates to a composition that includes a combination of at least one pyrethrin or synthetic pyrethroid and at least one other insecticide selected from the group consisting of an oxadiazine derivative, a chloronicotinyl, a nitroguanidine, a pyrrol, a pyrazone, a diacylhydrazine, a triazole, a biological/fermentation product, a phenyl pyrazole, an organophosphate and a carbamate, wherein the chloronicotinyl comprises at least one compound that is selected from the group consisting of imidacloprid, acetamiprid, nitenpyram, and mixtures thereof.

There is however a need for improvement of these combinations. Single active combinations used over a long period of time has resulted in resistance. With the onset of resistance to certain pests, there is a need in the art for a combination of actives that decreases chances of resistance and improves the spectrum of disease and pest control.

It is therefore desired to provide an improved insecticidal composition and convenient method that is efficient against sucking pests of various crops and plats including rice, serves as good tool for resistance management, shows technical advancement over existing art and is of economic significance.

OBJECT AND ADVANTAGES OF THE INVENTION:
However still there is a need for a composition comprising an insecticide Nitenpyram; an insecticide Pymetrozine; at least one insecticidal compound selected from Fipronil and Fenobucarb which overcomes some of the existing problems and can be prepared easily without much complex manufacturing process.
Insecticidal compounds of the present invention have an excellent environmental profile, are essentially non-toxic to mammals and other vertebrates, and have exhibited low toxicity towards most non-target invertebrates, including beneficial insects and bees.
In general use, the pesticide actives are used in the form of a dilute aqueous composition because it can attain a good interaction with the target organism, such as plants, fungi and insects. However, most active pesticide compounds that are used as pesticides are only sparingly or even insoluble in water. The low solubility of such compounds present the challenges and difficulties to formulator in formulating pesticide compounds in stable formulations that can be easily stored for a long time and which still have a high stability and effective activity until end use. This problem especially occurs and may get worsen if more than one active compound is present in the composition.
Therefore, one object of the present invention is to provide improved insecticidal composition for the control of Foliar feeder and soil born pests including rice bugs (Gundhi bugs), Leafhoppers and plant hoppers.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a method and a novel and effective insecticidal composition for controlling insect pests.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a novel and effective synergistic insecticidal composition which is more stable and has enhanced shelf life.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a novel and effective synergistic insecticidal composition which uses green surfactants including organo-silicone surfactants including silicone ethoxylated oils, bio-based efficacy enhancing agents including blend of polyterpene oils.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a novel and effective synergistic insecticidal composition which has enhanced efficacy.
Another object and advantage of the present invention is to provide a novel and effective insecticidal composition that efficaciously contributes in pest resistance management.
Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a novel and effective insecticidal composition that promotes plant health.
Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a novel and effective insecticidal composition that requires lower application rate and dosage.
Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a novel and effective insecticidal composition which has prophylactic and curative action on various pests.
Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a novel and effective insecticidal composition which has quick known down effect on wide variety of sucking pests of rice crop plant.
Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a novel and effective insecticidal composition which also imparts greening effect on crops and no phytotoxicity.
Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a novel and effective insecticidal composition which requires lesser number of spray rounds and longer spells of pest free crop.
Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a novel and effective insecticidal composition which increases yield of crops.
Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a novel and effective insecticidal composition which aids in resistance management.
Another object and advantage of the present invention is to provide a novel and effective insecticidal composition that is efficacious against wide variety of sucking pests of rice crop.
Another object and advantage of the present invention is to provide a stable synergistic insecticidal composition that shows technical advancement over the existing pesticides or combination of pesticides.
Yet another object and advantage of the present invention is to provide a cost effective and convenient method for the preparation of said composition, which is effective against sucking pests of rice crop.
Inventors of the present invention have surprisingly found that the novel synergistic
composition comprising of an insecticide Nitenpyram; an insecticide Pymetrozine; at least one insecticidal compound selected from Fipronil and Fenobucarb as described herein which can provide solution to the above mentioned problems.
The inventors of the present invention have surprisingly found that a combination of Nitenpyram, Pymetrozine and at least one insecticide selected from Fipronil and Fenobucarb provides enhanced synergistic insecticidal activity. Accordingly, the present invention provides a synergistic insecticidal composition comprising a) Nitenpyram; b) Pymetrozine; and at least one insecticide selected from c) Fipronil and Fenobucarb; and one or more customary formulation adjuvants.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Therefore, an aspect of the present invention provides an insecticidal composition comprising (A) an insecticide Nitenpyram; (B) an insecticide Pymetrozine; (C) at least one insecticidal compound selected from Fipronil and Fenobucarb and one or more customary formulation excipients.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the synergistic insecticidal composition comprises of:
(A) an insecticide Nitenpyram in the range 0.5% to 40% w/w;
(B) an insecticide Pymetrozine in the range 0.5% to 50% w/w;
(C) at least one insecticidal compound selected from Fipronil and Fenobucarb in the range 0.5% to 50% w/w and
(D) one or more customary formulation excipients.

In another embodiment of the present invention, the synergistic insecticidal composition comprises of:
(A) an insecticide Nitenpyram in the range 0.5% to 40% w/w;
(B) an insecticide Pymetrozine in the range 0.5% to 50% w/w;
(C) Fipronil in the range 0.5% to 50% w/w and
(D) one or more customary formulation excipients.
In another embodiment of the present invention, the synergistic insecticidal composition comprises of:
(A) an insecticide Nitenpyram in the range 0.5% to 40% w/w;
(B) an insecticide Pymetrozine in the range 0.5% to 50% w/w;
(C) Fenobucarb in the range 0.5% to 50% w/w and
(D) one or more customary formulation excipients.

In another embodiment of the present invention, it is provided a process for preparation of the synergistic insecticidal composition comprising:
(A) an insecticide Nitenpyram in the range 0.5% to 40% w/w;
(B) an insecticide Pymetrozine in the range 0.5% to 50% w/w;
(C) at least one insecticidal compound selected from Fipronil and Fenobucarb in the range 0.5% to 50% w/w and
(D) one or more customary formulation excipients.
In another embodiment of the present invention, the synergistic insecticidal composition comprises of:
(A) an insecticide Nitenpyram in the range 0.5% to 40% w/w;
(B) an insecticide Pymetrozine in the range 0.5% to 50% w/w;
(C) at least one insecticidal compound selected from Fipronil and Fenobucarb in the range 0.5% to 50% w/w and
(D) organosilicone surfactants as spreading and sticking agents and bio based efficacy enhancing agents;
(E) one or more customary formulation excipients.
Accordingly, in a further aspect, the present invention provides a method of protecting a plant propagation material, a plant, parts of a plant and/or plant organs that grow at a later point in time against pathogenic damage or pest damage by applying to the plant propagation material a composition comprising an insecticidal composition defined in the first aspect.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the present insecticidal composition controls various pests in field crops, vegetables, oil seed and pulses, horticulture & forestry, veterinary.
In another embodiment of the present invention, the present insecticidal composition can be applied as a foliar spray, soil drenching, seed dressing, application as paste of the targeted plants/ trees, broadcasting.
In further embodiment of the present invention, insecticidal composition of the present invention further comprises an agriculturally acceptable excipients selected from the group consisting of antifreeze, dispersing agents, wetting agents, antifoaming agents, biocides, thickeners, surfactants and solvents. Additional components may also be included, e.g., protective colloids, adhesives, thickeners, thixotropic agents, penetration agents, stabilisers, sequestering agents. More generally, the active materials can be combined with any solid or liquid additive, which complies with usual formulation techniques.
As per one embodiment formulation for the an insecticidal composition is selected from Capsule suspension (CS), Dispersible concentrate (DC), Dustable powder (DP), Powder for dry seed treatment (DS), Emulsifiable concentrate (EC), Emulsifiable granule (EG), Emulsion water-in-oil (EO), Emulsifiable powder (EP), Emulsion for seed treatment (ES), Emulsion oil-in-water (EW), Flowable concentrate for seed treatment (FS), Granules (GR), Micro-emulsion (ME), Oil-dispersion (OD), Oil miscible flowable concentrate (OF), Oil miscible liquid (OL), Oil dispersible powder (OP), Suspension concentrate (SC), Suspension concentrate for direct application (SD), Suspo-emulsion (SE), Water soluble granule (SG), Soluble concentrate (SL), Spreading oil (SO), Water soluble powder (SP), Water soluble tablet (ST), Ultra-low volume (ULV) suspension, Tablet (TB), Ultra-low volume (ULV) liquid, Water dispersible granules (WG), Wettable powder (WP), Water dispersible powder for slurry seed treatment (WS), Water dispersible tablet (WT), a mixed formulation of CS and SC (ZC) or A mixed formulation of CS and SE (ZE) and a mixed formulation of CS and EW (ZW).
In an embodiment of the present invention the present insecticidal composition controls various pests in field crops, vegetables, oil seed and pulses, horticulture & forestry, Veterinary.
In an embodiment of the present invention the present insecticidal composition can be applied as a foliar spray, soil drenching, seed dressing, application as paste of the targeted plants/ trees, broadcasting.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Discussed below are some representative embodiments of the present invention. The invention in its broader aspects is not limited to the specific details and representative methods. The illustrative examples are described in this section in connection with the embodiments and methods provided. The invention according to its various aspects is particularly pointed out and distinctly claimed in the appended claims read in view of this specification and appropriate equivalents.
All technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meanings as commonly understood by someone ordinarily skilled in the art to which the present subject matter belongs.
It is to be noted that, as used in the specification and the appended claims, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. It should also be noted that the term “or” is generally employed in its sense including “and/or” unless the content clearly dictates otherwise.
The expression of various quantities in terms of “% w/w” or “%” means the percentage by weight, relative to the weight of the total solution or composition unless otherwise specified.
The term “active ingredient” (a.i.) or “active agent” used herein refers to that component of the composition responsible for control and killing of pests/insects.
The term “formulation” and “composition” as used herein conveys the same meaning and can be used interchangeably.
The term "health of a plant" or "plant health" is defined as a condition of the plant and/or its products. As a result of the improved health; yield, plant vigour, quality and tolerance to abiotic or biotic stress is increased.
According to the present invention, "increased yield" of a plant, in particular, of an agricultural, silvicultural and/or horticultural plant means that the yield of a product of the respective plant is increased by a measurable amount over the yield of the same product of the plant produced under the same conditions, but without the application of composition according to the present invention.
Increased yield can be characterized, among others, by the following improved proper-ties of the plant: increased plant weight, increased plant height, increased biomass such as higher overall fresh weight (FW), increased number of flowers per plant, higher grain yield, more tillers or side shoots (branches), larger leaves, increased shoot growth, increased protein content, increased oil content, increased starch content, increased pigment content, increased leaf are index.
As per one embodiment, the active insecticidal compound as mentioned above to be used in the composition of the present invention, can be in the form of base or any salt form or ester form of the active which is known in the art.

The term "synergistic", as used herein, refers to the combined action of two or more active agents blended together and administered conjointly that is greater than the sum of their individual effects.
"Bioactive amounts” as mentioned herein means that amount which, when applied for treatment of crops, is sufficient to give effect in such treatment.
In accordance with an embodiment of the invention, there is provided a synergistic insecticidal composition comprising (A) an insecticide Nitenpyram; (B) an insecticide Pymetrozine; and (C) at least one insecticidal compound selected from Fipronil and Fenobucarb; and one or more customary formulation adjuvants.
Nitenpyram
Nitenpyram is an insecticide used in agriculture and veterinary medicine to kill external parasites of pets. It is a neonicotinoid, a neurotoxin that blocks neural messages and binds particularly tightly in the central nervous system of insects, causing rapid death.
Nitenpyram is a C-nitro compound consisting of 2-nitroethene-1,1-diamine where one of the nitrogens bears ethyl and (6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)methyl while the other nitrogen carries a methyl group. It has a role as a neonicotinoid insectide. It is a C-nitro compound and a monochloropyridine. It derives from a 2-chloropyridine.
It has an IUPAC name as (E)-1-N'-[(6-chloropyridin-3-yl) methyl]-1-N'-ethyl-1-N-methyl-2-nitroethene-1,1-diamine having chemical structure as:

Nitenpyram is in the class of neonicotinoid insecticides. It enters the systemic circulation of the adult flea after consuming blood from a treated animal. It binds to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the postsynaptic membranes and blocks acetylcholine-mediated neuronal transmission causing paralysis and death of the flea. Nitenpyram is 3500x more selective for insect alpha-4beta-2 nicotinic receptors than in vertebrate receptors. It does not inhibit acetylcholinesterase.
Pymetrozine
Pymetrozine is a member of the class of 1,2,4-triazines [from a chemical class (pyridine azomethines)] that is 4,5-dihydro-1,2,4-triazin-3(2H)-one substituted by a methyl group at position 6 and a (pyridin-3-ylmethylidene)amino group at position 4. It has a role as an antifeedant, an environmental contaminant, a xenobiotic and a TRPV channel modulator. It is a member of 1, 2, 4-triazines and a member of pyridines.
It has an IUPAC name as 6-methyl-4-[(E)-pyridin-3-ylmethylideneamino]-2,5-dihydro-1,2,4-triazin-3-one having chemical structure as

Pymetrozine is the only representative of the pyridine azomethines, a novel class of insecticides, highly active and specific against sucking pests such as whiteflies, hoppers and aphids. It has a unique mode of action and can be applied as both foliar and soil application. It has no direct toxicity against insects, but it blocks stylet penetration of sucking pests, which may cause immediate and irreversible cessation of feeding within few hours of application of the pesticide, followed eventually by starvation and death. Even if insertion of the stylet into plant cells is achieved, it takes considerably more time than normal, and pest can ingest sap only for a short time. Mortality is slow and depending on the climatic conditions, treated pests may appear normal for several days before they die from starvation.

The mode of action of pymetrozine in insects has not been precisely determined biochemically, but it may involve effects on neuroregulation or nerve-muscle interaction. Physiologically, it appears to act by preventing these insects from inserting their stylus in to the plant tissue. It provides immediate crop protection through permanent feeding inhibition of insects. It binds to the neuronal receptors, which act on the nervous system creating a nervous inhibition of feeding capability in the insects. This action also prevents the aphid from transmitting virus material into the plant. highly active and specific against sucking insect pests field crops, vegetables, ornamentals, cotton, hop, deciduous fruit, and citrus, and of the brown planthopper, in rice.
Fenobucarb
Fenobucarb is a carbamate ester obtained by the formal condensation of 2-sec-butylphenol with methylcarbamic acid. It has a role as an EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor, an agrochemical, a herbicide, an insecticide and an environmental contaminant. It derives from a methylcarbamic acid and a 2-sec-butylphenol. Fenobucarb is also widely known as BPMC. Fenobucarb is used as insecticide especially for control of Hemipteran pests, on rice and cotton.
It has an IUPAC name as (2-butan-2-ylphenyl) N-methylcarbamate having chemical structure as:

Fipronil
Fipronil 5-amino-1- [2,6-dichloro – 4 -(trifluoromethyl) phenyl]-4-[(trifluoromethyl) sulfinyl]-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile is a member of the class of pyrazoles that is 1H-pyrazole that is substituted at positions 1, 3, 4, and 5 by 2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl, cyano, (trifluoromethyl)sulfinyl, and amino groups, respectively. It is a nitrile, a dichlorobenzene, a primary amino compound, a member of pyrazoles, a sulfoxide and a member of (trifluoromethyl) benzenes.
It has an IUPAC name as 5-amino-1-[2, 6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl) phenyl]-4 (trifluoromethylsulfinyl) pyrazole-3-carbonitrile and having chemical structure as:

The mechanism of action of fipronil is complex and involves multiple interactions of both parent fipronil and its oxidation product, fipronil sulfone, on GABA-gated and glutamate-gated chloride channels in the insect nervous system. Both fipronil and fipronil sulfone inhibit GABA receptors as well as desensitizing and nondesensitizing GluCls.The net result of insect exposure to fipronil is blockade of inhibitory nerve transmission, resulting in hyper excitability and death of susceptible parasites.
In one aspect of the present invention, the synergistic insecticidal composition comprises bioactive amounts of (A) Nitenpyram in the range of about 0.5 to 40% w/w of the composition; (B) Pymetrozine in the range of about 0.5 to 50% w/w of the composition; and (C) Fipronil or Fenobucarb in the range of about 0.5 to 50% w/w of the composition.
Active Ingredients Compound A Compound
B Compound
C
Examples Insecticide
Nitenpyram Insecticide
Pymetrozine Insecticide
Fipronil or Fenobucarb
% of Active Ingredient 0.5 to 40% 0.5 to 50% 0.5 to 50%
The synergistic composition of the present invention has very advantageous curative, preventive and systemic insecticidal properties for protecting cultivated plants. As has been mentioned, said active ingredient composition can be used to inhibit or destroy the pathogens that occur on plants or parts of plants (fruit, blossoms, leaves, stems, tubers, roots) of different crops or useful plants, while at the same time those parts of plants which grow later are also protected from attack by such pathogens. Active ingredient composition has the special advantage of being highly active against diseases in the soil that mostly occur in the early stages of plant development.
Pesticides designed to control insects that are harmful to man. The insects may be directly harmful, as those acting as disease vectors, or indirectly harmful, as destroyers of crops, food products, or textile fabrics.

The composition according to the invention can be applied to any and all developmental stages of pests, such as egg, larva, pupa, and adult. The pests may be controlled by contacting the target pest, its food supply, habitat, breeding ground or its locus with a pesticidally effective amount of the inventive mixtures or of compositions comprising the mixtures.
It controls insects pests from the following orders: Leptocorisa, Lepidoptera, for example Agrotis ypsilon, Anticarsia gemmatalis, Chilo partellus, Cnaphalocrosis medinalis, Cydia pomonella, Diaphania nitidalis, , Earias insulana, Elasmopalpus lignosellus, Heliothis armigera, Heliothis virescens, Heliothis zea, Hellula undalis, Hyphantria cunea, Hyponomeuta malinellus, Leucoptera coffeella, Leucoptera scitella, Ostrinia nubilalis, Panolis flammea, Pectinophora gossypiella, Peridroma saucia, Phalera bucephala, Phthorimaea operculella, Phyllocnistis citrella, Pieris bras-sicae, Plutella xylostella, Sitotroga cerealella, Sesamia inferans, Sparganothis pilleriana, Spodoptera frugiperda, Spodoptera littoralis, Spodoptera litura, Thaumatopoea pityocampa, Tortrix viridana, Trichoplusia ni, beetles (Coleoptera), for example Agrilus sinuatus, Agriotes lineatus, Agriotes obscu-rus, Amphimallus solstitialis, Anisandrus dispar, Anthonomus grandis, Anthonomus pomorum, Aphthona euphoridae, Apogonia aerea, Athous haemorrhoidalis, Atomaria linearis, Blasto-phagus piniperda, Blitophaga undata, Brahmina coriacea , Bruchus rufimanus, Bruchus pisorum, Bruchus lentis, Byctiscus betulae, Cassida nebulosa, Cerotoma trifurcata, Cetonia aurata, Ceuthorrhynchus assimilis, Ceuthorrhynchus napi, Chaetocnema tibialis, Conoderus vespertinus, Crioceris asparagi, Ctenicera ssp., Diabrotica longicornis, Diabrotica semipunctata, Diabrotica 12-punctata Diabrotica speciosa, Diabrotica virgifera, Epila-chna varivestis, Epitrix hirtipennis, Eutinobothrus brasiliensis, White grub species, Holotrichia consanguinea , Holotrichia serrata, Holotrichia longipennis, Hylobius abietis, Hypera brunneipennis, Hypera postica, Ips typographus, Lema bilineata, Lema melanopus, Lepidiota stigma, Leptinotarsa decemlineata, Limonius califomicus, Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus, Melanotus communis, Meligethes aeneus, Melolontha hippocastani, Melolontha melolontha, Oberea (Obereopsis) brevis, Oulema oryzae, Ortiorrhynchus sulcatus, Otiorrhynchus ovatus, Phaedon cochleariae, Phyllobius pyri, Phyllotreta chrysocephala, Phyllophaga sp., Phyllopertha horticola, Phyllotreta nemorum, Phyllotreta striolata, Popillia japonica, Sitona lineatus and Sito-philus gran aria, flies, (Diptera), e.g. Atherigona orientalis, Atherigona soccata, Athalia lugen proxima, Dacus cucurbi-tae, Dacus oleae, Glossina palpalis, Haematobia irritans, Haplodiplosis equestris, Hippelates spp., Hylemyia platura, Hypoderma lineata, Leptoconops torrens, Leaf miner, Liriomyza sativae, Liriomyza trifolii, Lucilia caprina, Lucilia cuprina, Lucilia sericata, Lycoria pectoralis, Mansonia titillanus, Mayetiola destructor, Oscinella frit, Phorbia brassicae, Prosimulium mixtum, Rhagoletis cerasi, Sarcophaga sp., Simulium vittatum, Stomoxys calcitrans, Tabanus bovinus, Tabanus atratus, Tabanus lineola, and Tabanus similis, Tipula oleracea, and Tipula paludosa, thrips (Thysanoptera), e.g. Dichromothrips corbetti, Dichromothrips ssp , Frankliniella fusca, Frankliniella occidentalis, Frankliniella tritici, Scirtothrips citri, Scirtothrips dorsalis, Thrips oryzae, Thrips palmi and Thrips tabaci, termites (Isoptera), e.g. Calotermes flavicollis, Coptotermes formosanus, Heterotermes aureus, Leucotermes flavipes, Microtermes spp., Odontotermes, Reticulitermes flavipes, Reticulitermes virginicus, Reticulitermes lucifugus and Termes natalensis; true bugs (Hemiptera), e.g. Acrosternum hilare, Amrasca biguttula biguttula, Amrasca devastans, Blissus leucopterus, Dysdercus cingulatus, Eurygaster integriceps, Euschistus impictiventris, Leptoglossus phyllopus, Lygus lineolaris, Lygus pratensis, Nezara viridu-la, Piesma quadrata, Solubea insularis , Thyanta perditor, Acyrthosiphon onobrychis, Adelges laricis, Aphidula nasturtii, Aphis fabae, Aphis forbesi, Aphis pomi, Aphis gossypii, Aphis crassivora, Aphis grossulariae, Aphis schneideri, Aphis spiraecola, Aphis sambuci, Acyrtho-siphon pisum, Aulacorthum solani, Bemisia argentifolii, Bemisia tabaci, Brachycaudus cardui, Brachy-caudus helichrysi, Brachycaudus persicae, Brachycaudus prunicola, Brevicoryne brassicae, Capitophorus horni, Cerosipha gossypii, Chaetosiphon fragaefolii, Cryptomyzus ribis, Dreyfusia nordmannianae, Dreyfusia piceae, Dysaphis radicola, Dysaulacorthum pseudosolani, Dysaphis plantaginea, Dysaphis pyri, Empoasca fabae, Hyalopterus pruni, Hyperomyzus lactucae, Macrosiphum avenae, Macrosiphum euphorbiae, Ma-crosiphon rosae, Megoura viciae, Melanaphis pyrarius, Metopolophium dirhodum, My-zus persicae, Myzus ascalonicus, Myzus cerasi, Myzus varians, Nasonovia ribis-nigri, Nilaparvata lugens, Pemphigus bursarius, Perkinsiella saccharicida, Phorodon humuli, Psylla mail, Psylla piri, Rhopalomyzus ascalonicus, Rhopalosiphum maidis, Rhopalosi-phum padi, Rhopalosiphum insertum, Sappaphis mala, Sappaphis mail, Schizaphis graminum, Schizoneura lanuginosa, Sitobion avenae, Trialeurodes vaporariorum, Toxoptera aurantiia d, Viteus vitifolii, Cimex lectularius, Cimex hemipterus, Reduvius senilis, Triatoma spp., and Arilus critatus, Trialeurodes vaporariorum, Amrasca biguttula, Empoasca spp., Myzus spp., Nephotettix spp., Nilaparvata spp., Planococcus spp., Pseudococcus spp., Psylla spp., Rhopalosiphum spp., Sitobion spp., Amritodus atkinsoni, Idioscopus spp., ants, bees, wasps, sawflies (Hymenoptera), e.g. Athalia rosae, Atta cephalotes, Atta capiguara, Atta cephalotes, Atta laevigata, Atta robusta, Atta sexdens, Atta texana, Crematogaster spp., Hoplocampa minuta,
Hoplocampa testudinea, Monomorium pha-raonis, Solenopsis geminata, Solenopsis invicta, Solenopsis richteri, Solenopsis xyloni, Pogonomyrmex barbatus, Pogonomyrmex californicus, Pheidole megacephala, Dasy-mutilla occidentalis, Bombus spp. Vespula squamosa, Paravespula vulgaris, Paraves-pula pennsylvanica, Paravespula germanica, Dolichovespula maculata, Vespa crabro, Polistes rubiginosa, Camponotus floridanus, and Linepithema humile, crickets, grasshoppers, locusts (Orthoptera), e.g. Acheta domestica, Gryllotalpa gryllo-talpa, Locusta migratoria, Melanoplus bivittatus, Melanoplus femurrubrum, Melanoplus mexicanus, Melanoplus sanguinipes, Melanoplus spretus, Nomadacris septemfasciata, Schistocerca americana, Schistocerca gregaria, Dociostaurus maroccanus, Tachycines asynamorus, Oedaleus senegalensis, Zonozerus variegatus, Hieroglyphus daganensis, Kraussaria angulifera, Calliptamus italicus, Chortoicetes terminifera, and Locustana pardalina, plant parasitic nematodes such as root-knot nematodes, Meloidogyne arenaria, Meloidogyne incognita, Meloidogyne javanica; cyst nematodes, Globodera rostochiensis, Heterodera avenae; seed gall nematodes, Anguina funesta, Anguina tritici and other Anguina species; stem and foliar nematodes, Aphelenchoides besseyi, sting nematodes, Belonolaimus longicaudatus and other plant parasitic nematode species.
Suitable targets for seed treatment are various crop seeds, fruit species, vegetables, spices and ornamental seed, for example corn/maize (sweet and field), durum wheat, soybean, Groundnut, wheat, barley, oats, rye, triticale, bananas, rice, cotton, sunflower, potatoes, pasture, alfalfa, grasses, turf, sorghum, rapeseed, Brassica spp., sugar beet, egg-plants, tomato, lettuce, iceberg lettuce, pepper, cucumber, squash, melon, bean, dry-beans, peas, leek, garlic, onion, cabbage, carrot, tuber such as sugar cane, tobacco, coffee, turf and forage, cruciferous, cucurbits, grapevines, pepper, fodder beet, oil seed rape, pansy, impatiens, petunia and geranium.
The composition of the present invention is effective for management of insect or pests in of Cotton (Gossypium spp.), Paddy (Oryza sativa), Wheat (Triticumaestavum), Barley (Hordeumvulgare), Maize (Zea mays), Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), Sugarcane (Saccharumofficinarum) , Sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris), Soybean (Glycin max), Peanut (Arachishypogaea), Sunflower (Helianthus annuus) , Mustard (Brassica juncea), Rape seed (Brassica napus), Linseed (Linumusitatissimum), Sesame (Sesamumindicum), Castor (Ricinuscommunis), Green gram (Vigna radiate), Black gram (Vignamungo), Chickpea (Ciceraritinum), Cowpea (Vignaunguiculata), Redgram (Cajanuscajan), Frenchbean (Phaseolus vulgaris), Indian bean (Lablab purpureus), Horse gram (Macrotylomauniflorum), Field pea (Pisumsativum), Cluster bean (Cyamopsistetragonoloba), Lentils (Lens culinaris), Brinjal (Solanum melongena), Cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata), Cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis), Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus), Onion (Allium cepa L.), Tomato (Solanumlycopersicun) , Potato (Solanumtuberosum) , Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas), Chilly (Capsicum annum), Garlic (Allium sativum), Cucumber (Cucumissativus), Muskmelons (Cucumismelo), Watermelon (Citrulluslanatus), Bottle gourd (Lagenariasiceraria), Bitter gourd (Momordicacharantia), Radish (Raphanussativus), Carrot (Dacuscarota subsp. sativus), Turnip (Brassica rapasubsprapa), Apple (Melusdomestica), Banana (Musa spp.), Citrus groups (Citrus spp.), Grape (Vitisvinifera), Guava (Psidiumguajava), Litchi (Litchi chinensis), Mango (Mangiferaindica), Papaya (Carica papaya), Pineapple (Ananascomosus), Pomegranate (Punicagranatum) , Sapota (Manilkarazapota), Tea (Camellia sinensis), Coffea (Coffea Arabica), Turmeric (Curcuma longa), Ginger (Zingiberofficinale), Cumin (Cuminumcyminum), Fenugreek (Trigonellafoenum-graecum), Fennel (Foeniculumvulgare), Coriander (Coriandrumsativum), Ajwain (Trachyspermumammi), Psyllium (Plantago ovate), Black Pepper (Piper nigrum), Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana), Safedmusli (Chlorophytumtuberosum), Drum stick (Moringaoleifera), Coconut (Coco nucifera), Mentha ( Mentha spp.), Rose (Rosa spp.), Jasmine (Jasminum spp.), Marigold ( Tagetes spp.), Common daisy (Bellisperennis), Dahlia (Dahlia hortnesis), Gerbera ( Gerbera jamesonii), Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus) or GMO form thereof.

If not stated otherwise, the compositions of the invention are suitable for application in any variety of the aforementioned crop plants.
The composition of the present invention can be used to control the insects-pests belongs to Lepidopteran insect species, Chilopartellus, Chilosuppressalis, Cydiapomonella, Plutellaxylostella, Peirisrapae, beetles (coleopteran), e.g. Dicladispaarmigera, Phyllotretanemorum, Phyllotretastriolata, flies (Diptera), e.g. Atherigonaorientalis, Dacuscucurbi-tae, Dacusoleae, Liriomyzasativae, Liriomyzatrifolii, Melanagromyza obtuse, Ophiomyiaphaseli, thrips (Thysanoptera), e.g. Frankliniellaoccidentalis, Scirtothripscitri, Scirtothrips dorsalis, Thrips oryzae, Thrips palmi and Thrips tabaci, true bugs (Hemiptera), e.g. Amrascabiguttulabiguttula, Amrascadevastans, Amritodusatkinsoni, Aphis fabae, Aphis pomi, Aphis gossypii, Aphis crassivora, Bemisiaargentifolii, Bemisiatabaci, Brevicorynebrassicae, Clavigrallagibbosa, Dysdercuscingulatus, Idioscopus spp., Leptocorisaacuta, Lyguslineolaris, Myzuspersicae, Nilaparvatalugens, Nephotettixvirescens, Nephotettixnigropictus, Planococcus spp., Pseudococcus spp., Pyrillaperpusilla, Psylla mail, Psyllapiri, Rhopalomyzusascalonicus, Rhopalosiphummaidis, Rhopalosi-phumpadi, Rhopalosiphuminsertum, Sappaphis mala, Sappaphis mail, Schizaphisgraminum, Schizoneuralanuginosa, Sitobionavenae, Sogatellafurcifera, Trialeurodesva- porariorum, Toxopteraaurantiia, Psylla spp., Rhopalosiphum spp., Sitobion spp., crickets, grasshoppers, locusts (Orthoptera), e.g. Gryllotalpagryllo-talpa, Locustamigratoria, Melanoplusbivittatus, Locustanapardalina., from the order Acarina, for example, Brevipalpus spp., Eriophyes spp., Olygonychuscoffeae, Panonychus spp., Polyphagotarsonemuslatus, Tarsonemus spp. and Tetranychus spp. (Tetranychusurticae, Tetranychuscinnabarinus, Tetranychustelarius).
The term seed treatment comprises all suitable seed treatment techniques known in the art, such as, but not limited to, seed dressing, seed coating, seed dusting, seed soaking, seed film coating, seed multilayer coating, seed encrusting, seed dripping, and seed pelleting.
The active ingredient composition according to the invention are especially advantageous for seed treatment of oil seed rape, wheat, corn, rye, barley, oats, sorghum, sunflowers, rice, maize, turf and forage, sugar beet, beans, peas, soybeans, ornamentals, and vegetables such as cucurbits, tomatoes, eggplant, potatoes, pepper, lettuce, cabbage, carrots, cruciferous.
One indicator for the condition of the plant is the yield. "Yield" is to be understood as any plant product of economic value that is produced by the plant such as grains, fruits in the proper sense, vegetables, nuts, grains, seeds, wood (e.g. in the case of silviculture plants) or even flowers (e.g. in the case of gardening plants, ornamentals). The plant products may in addition be further utilized and/or processed after harvesting.
In an especially preferred embodiment of the invention, the yield of the treated plant is increased.
In another preferred embodiment of the invention, the yield of the plants treated according to the method of the invention, is increased synergistically.
According to the present invention, "increased yield" of a plant, in particular of an agricultural, silvicultural and/or horticultural plant means that the yield of a product of the respective plant is increased by a measurable amount over the yield of the same product of the plant produced under the same conditions, but without the application of the mixture according to the invention.
Increased yield can be characterized, among others, by the following improved proper-ties of the plant: increased plant, weight, increased plant height, increased biomass such as higher overall fresh weight (FW), increased number of flowers per plant, higher grain yield, more tillers or side shoots (branches), larger leaves, increased shoot growth, increased protein content, increased oil content, increased starch content, increased pigment content, increased leaf are index. According to the present invention, the yield is increased by at least 4 %, preferable by 5 to 10 %, more preferable by 10 to 20 %, or even 20 to 30 % compared to the untreated control plants or plants treated with pesticides in a way different from the method according to the present invention. In general, the yield increase may even be higher.
A further indicator for the condition of the plant is the plant vigor. The plant vigor becomes manifest in several aspects such as the general visual appearance. In another especially preferred embodiment of the invention, the plant vigor of the treated plant is increased. In another preferred embodiment of the invention, the plant vigor of the plants treated according to the method of the invention is increased synergistically, especially in terms of imparting greening effect to crops and plants. Improved plant vigor can be characterized, among others, by the following improved properties of the plant: improved vitality of the plant, improved plant growth, improved plant development, improved visual appearance, improved plant stand (less plant verse/lodging), improved emergence, enhanced root growth and/or more developed root system, enhanced nodulation, in particular rhizobial nodulation, bigger leaf blade, bigger size, increased plant weight, increased plant height, increased tiller number, increased number of side shoots, increased number of flowers per plant, increased shoot growth, increased root growth (extensive root system), increased yield when grown on poor soils or unfavorable climate, enhanced photosynthetic activity (e.g. based on increased stomatal conductance and/or increased CO2 assimilation rate), increased stomatal conductance, increased CO2 assimilation rate, enhanced pigment content (e.g. chlorophyll content), earlier flowering, earlier fruiting, earlier and improved germination, earlier grain maturity, improved self-defence mechanisms, improved stress tolerance and resistance of the plants against biotic and abiotic stress factors such as fungi, bacteria, viruses, insects, heat stress, cold stress, drought stress, UV stress and/or salt stress, less non-productive tillers, less dead basal leaves, less input needed (such as fertilizers or water), greener leaves, complete maturation under shortened vegetation periods, less fertilizers needed, less seeds needed, easier harvesting, faster and more uniform ripening, longer shelf-life, longer panicles, delay of senescence, stronger and/or more productive tillers, better extractability of ingredients, improved quality of seeds (for being seeded in the following seasons for seed production), better nitrogen uptake, improved reproduction, reduced production of ethylene and/or the inhibition of its reception by the plant.
The improvement of the plant vigor according to the present invention particularly means that the improvement of any one or several or all of the above-mentioned plant characteristics are improved independently of the pesticidal action of the mixture or active ingredients (components).
Another indicator for the condition of the plant is the "quality" of a plant and/or its products.
In an especially preferred embodiment of the invention, the quality of the treated plant is increased.
In another preferred embodiment of the invention, the quality of the plants treated according to the method of the invention, is increased synergistically.
According to the present invention, enhanced quality means that certain plant characteristics such as the content or composition of certain ingredients are increased or improved by a measurable or noticeable amount over the same factor of the plant produced under the same conditions, but without the application of the mixtures of the present invention. Enhanced quality can be characterized, among others, by following improved properties of the plant or its product: increased nutrient content, increased protein content, increased content of fatty acids, increased metabolite content, increased carotenoid content, increased sugar content, increased amount of essential amino acids, improved nutrient composition, improved protein composition, improved composition of fatty acids, improved metabolite composition, improved carotenoid composition, improved sugar composition, improved amino acids composition, improved or optimal fruit color, improved leaf color, higher storage capacity, higher processability of the harvested products.
Another indicator for the condition of the plant is the plant's tolerance or resistance to biotic and/or abiotic stress factors. Biotic and abiotic stress, especially over longer terms, can have harmful effects on plants. Biotic stress is caused by living organisms while abiotic stress is caused for example by environmental extremes. According to the present invention, "enhanced tolerance or resistance to biotic and/or abiotic stress factors" means (1.) that certain negative factors caused by biotic and/or abiotic stress are diminished in a measurable or noticeable amount as compared to plants exposed to the same conditions, but without being treated with a mixture according to the invention and (2.) that the negative effects are not diminished by a direct action of the mixture according to the invention on the stress factors, e.g. by its fungicidal or insecticidal action which directly destroys the microorganisms or pests, but rather by a stimulation of the plants' own defensive reactions against said stress factors.
Formulation of the present invention can be in any of the formulations selected from Capsule suspension (CS), Dispersible concentrate (DC), Powder for dry seed treatment (DS), Emulsifiable concentrate (EC), Emulsion, water in oil (EO), Emulsion for foliar spray (ES), Emulsion, oil in water (EW), Flowable suspension/concentrate for foliar spray (FS), Granule/ soil applied (GR), Controlled (Slow or Fast) release granules (CR), Jambo balls or bags (bags in water soluble pouch), Solution for foliar spray (LS), Micro-emulsion (ME), Oil dispersion (OD), Oil miscible flowable concentrate (oil miscible suspension (OF), Oil miscible liquid (OL), Suspension concentrate (= flowable concentrate) (SC), Suspo-emulsion (SE), Water soluble granule (SG), Soluble concentrate (SL), Water soluble powder (SP), Water dispersible granule (WG or WDG), Wettable powder (WP), Water dispersible powder for slurry treatment (WS), A mixed formulation of CS and SC (ZC), A mixed formulation of CS and SE (ZE), a mixed formulation of CS and EW (ZW) or combinations thereof.
Further composition comprising a synergistic combination of (A) an insecticide Nitenpyram; (B) an insecticide Pymetrozine; and (C) at least one insecticidal compound selected from Fipronil and Fenobucarb are present in the said composition in specific fixed ratio.
In an especially preferred embodiment of the invention, Nitenpyram is present as 8% w/w of the total weight of the composition.
In an especially preferred embodiment of the invention, Pymetrozine is present as 24% w/w of the total weight of the composition.
In an especially preferred embodiment of the invention, Fenobucarb or Fipronil is present as 40% w/w of the total weight of the composition.
The present inventors believe that the combination of the present invention surprisingly results in a synergistic action. The combination of the present invention allows for a broad spectrum of pest control and has surprisingly improved plant vigour and yield. The broad spectrum of the present combination also provides a solution for preventing the development of resistance.
The composition of the present invention in addition to bioactive amounts of active ingredients, further comprises inactive excipients including but not limited to dispersant, anti-freezing agent, anti-foam agent, wetting agent, suspension aid, antimicrobial agent, thickener, quick coating agent or sticking agents (also referred to as “stickers” or “binders”) and buffering agent, carrier, binder, disintegrant, pH adjuster, preservative and/or coloring agent.
Surfactants that are used as dispersants have the ability to adsorb strongly onto a particle surface and provide a charged or stearic barrier to re-aggregation of particles. A dispersant is a substance which adsorbs onto the surface of particles and helps to preserve the state of dispersion of the particles and prevents them from re-aggregating. Dispersants are added to agrochemical formulations to facilitate dispersion and suspension during manufacture, and to ensure the particles re-disperse into water in a spray tank. They are widely used in wettable powders, suspension concentrates and water-dispersible granules. Surfactants that are used as dispersants have the ability to adsorb strongly onto a particle surface and provide a charged or steric barrier to reaggregation of particles. The most commonly used surfactants are anionic, non-ionic, or mixtures of the two types. For wettable powder formulations, the most common dispersants are sodium lingo sulphonates. For suspension concentrates, very good adsorption and stabilization are obtained using polyelectrolytes, such as sodium naphthalene sulphonate formaldehyde condensates. Tristyrylphenolethoxylate phosphate esters are also used. Nonionics such as alkyl aryl ethylene oxide condensates and EO-PO block copolymers are sometimes combined with anionics as dispersants for suspension concentrates. In recent years, new types of very high molecular weight polymeric surfactants have been developed as dispersants. These have very long hydrophobic ‘backbones’ and a large number of ethylene oxide chains forming the ‘teeth’ of a ‘comb’ surfactant. These high molecular weight polymers can give very good long-term stability to suspension concentrates because the hydrophobic backbones have many anchoring points onto the particle surfaces. Examples of dispersants used herein include but not limited to sodium lignosulphonates; Polyarylphenyl ether phosphate, tristyryl phenol ethylated /Acrylic Copolymer/ Ethoxylated Tristryl phenol Sulphate, Naphthalene sulfonic acid,sodium salt condensate with formaldehyde,Ethoxylated oleyl cetyl alcohol, Polyalkelene glycol ether, Ethoxylated Fatty alcohol; EO-PO block copolymers; and graft copolymers or mixtures thereof.
In one embodiment of the present invention, surfactants/dispersing agents are present in the range of 0.5-10% of the total composition.
Emulsifiers are added to buffering agent as used herein is selected from group consisting of calcium hydroxyapatite, Potassium Dihydrogen Phosphate, Sodium Hydroxide, carbonated apatite, calcium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, tricalcium phosphate, calcium phosphates, carbonated calcium phosphates, amine monomers, lactate dehydrogenase and magnesium hydroxide.
Anti-freezing agent as used herein can be selected from the group consisting of polyethylene glycols, Mono ethylene glycol, methoxypolyethylene glycols, glycol, propylene glycol, polypropylene glycols, polybutylene glycols, glycerin, ethylene glycol, Diethylene glycol and mixtures thereof.
In one embodiment of the present invention, Anti-freezing agents are present in the range of 0.1-10% of the total composition.
Water-based formulations often cause foam during mixing operations in production. In order to reduce the tendency to foam, anti-foam agents are often added either during the production stage or before filling into bottles. Generally, there are two types of anti-foam agents, namely silicones and non-silicones. Silicones are usually aqueous emulsions of dimethyl polysiloxane while the nonsilicone anti-foam agents are water-insoluble oils, such as octanol and nonanol, or silica. In both cases, the function of the anti-foam agent is to displace the surfactant from the air-water interface.
A wetting agent is a substance that when added to a liquid increases the spreading or penetration power of the liquid by reducing the interfacial tension between the liquid and the surface on which it is spreading. Wetting agents are used for two main functions in agrochemical formulations: during processing and manufacture to increase the rate of wetting of powders in water to make concentrates for soluble liquids or suspension concentrates; and during mixing of a product with water in a spray tank or other vessel to reduce the wetting time of wettable powders and to improve the penetration of water into water-dispersible granules. Examples of wetting agents used in wettable powder, suspension concentrate, and water-dispersible granule formulations include but not limited to sodium lauryl sulphate; sodium dioctylsulphosuccinate; Tristyrylphenol ethoxylate, non-ionic emulsifier/ mixture of non-ionic surfactants & Alkoxylated Alcohol/Block copolymer, alkyl phenol ethoxylates; and aliphatic alcohol ethoxylates, their salts and mixtures thereof.
In one embodiment of the present invention, wetting agents are present in the range of 0.5-10% of the total composition.

Suspension aid in the present description denotes a natural or synthetic, organic or inorganic material with which the active substance is combined in order to facilitate its application to the plant, to the seeds or to the soil. This carrier is hence generally inert, and it must be agriculturally acceptable, in particular to the plant being treated. The carrier may be solid (clays, natural or synthetic silicates, silica, resins, waxes, solid fertilizers, and the like or mixtures thereof) or liquid (water, alcohols, ketones, petroleum fractions, aromatic or paraffinic hydrocarbons, chlorinated hydrocarbons, liquefied gases, and the like or mixtures thereof).
Biocides / Microorganisms cause spoilage of formulated products. Therefore, antimicrobial/anti-bacterial agents are used to eliminate or reduce their effect. Examples of such agents include, but are not limited to: group consisting of propionic acid and its sodium salt; sorbic acid and its sodium or potassium salts; benzoic acid and its sodium salt; hydroxy benzoic acid sodium salt; methyl p-hydroxy benzoate; and biocide such as sodium benzoate, Sodium o-phenylphenate, 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one 1,2-benzisothiazoline-3-one, potassium sorbate, parahydroxy benzoates, Benzisothiazolin-3-one / Formaldehyde or mixtures thereof.
In one embodiment of the present invention, antimicrobial/anti-bacterial agents are present in the range of 0.01-1% of the total composition.
Thickeners or gelling agents are used mainly in the formulation of suspension concentrates, emulsions and suspo-emulsions to modify the rheology or flow properties of the liquid and to prevent separation and settling of the dispersed particles or droplets. Thickening, gelling, and anti-settling agents generally fall into two categories, namely water-insoluble particulates and water-soluble polymers. It is possible to produce suspension concentrate formulations using clays and silicas. Examples of these types of materials, include, but are limited to, montmorillonite, bentonite clay; magnesium aluminum silicate; and attapulgite. Water soluble polysaccharides have been used as thickening-gelling agents for many years. The types of polysaccharides most commonly used are natural extracts of seeds and seaweeds are synthetic derivatives of cellulose or mixtures thereof. Examples of these types of materials include, but are not limited to; guar gum; locust bean gum; carrageenam; xanthan gum; alginates; polysaccharides, methyl cellulose; sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (SCMC); hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC), bentonite clay, modified starches, polyacrylates, polyvinyl alcohol and polyethylene oxide or mixtures thereof Other types of anti-settling agents are based on modified starches, polyacrylates, polyvinyl alcohol and polyethylene oxide or mixtures.

In one embodiment of the present invention, thickeners or gelling agents are present in the range of 0.01-3% of the total composition.
Defoamer/Antifoaming agent are used in agro-chemical formulations to prevent foaming during mixing and spraying stage and generally added to the composition as foam formation prevents the efficient filling of a container. Antifoaming agent are selected form the group consisting of silicon emulsion based anti-foam agents, Siloxane polyalkyleneoxide, trisiloxane ethoxylates and mixtures thereof. Antifoaming agents for the composition of present invention are selected from silicon emulsion based anti-foam agents, Siloxane polyalkyleneoxide, trisiloxane ethoxylates and mixtures thereof.
In one embodiment of the present invention, antifoaming agents are present in the range of 0.01-1% of the total composition.
Filler is added to the composition to improve the handling and storage characteristics of the composition. Fillers also add mass and/or volume to the active ingredient in order to facilitate precise measurement of the doses. Suitable fillers that may be used in the composition of the present invention include, but not limited to, Silicon Dioxide, bentonite clay, china clay, silica, kaolin, talc, starch and diatomaceous earth and mixtures thereof.
In one embodiment of the present invention, fillers are present in the range of 0.1-5% of the total composition.
An adjuvant used in the present invention is any material that is added to an agrochemical formulation to enhance or modify the performance of the formulation. An adjuvant used in the present invention to make it a safer to ecological environmental, having low toxicity and having no phytotoxicity effects on any part of the plant.
Extender or sticker/sticking agent keeps pesticide active on a target for an extended period or on waxy foliage. Sticker allows pesticides to stay on a treated surface longer. Some stickers help to hold solid particles to a treated surfaces. This reduces the amount that washes off due to rain or irrigation. Others reduce evaporation and/or slow breakdown by sunlight.
Spreader allows a pesticide to form a uniform layer over a treated surface. Spreaders such as Silicone Ethoxylated Oil lowers the surface tension of spray solutions beyond that which is achievable with conventional non-ionic surfactants. In fact, it has the potential to provide adequate coverage in many low volume spray applications at rates between 0.025% and 0.1%. It decreases the surface tension of spray solutions to much lower values, in comparison to conventional adjuvants. This results in significantly enhanced spreading of spray solutions over the treated plant surfaces which carries tank mix products to morphologically complex and thus difficult-to-reach parts of the plant.
Advantages of organosilicone adjuvants (OSSA):
• Quick spreading and wetting
• Uniform droplet distribution
• Absorption on leaf and stem surfaces
• Known benefits: Increases pesticide efficacy
In yet another embodiment of the present invention, the adjuvants include-Silicone Ethoxylated Oil, Polyvinyl Pyrrolidon, Polyvinyl Alcohol, Blend of poly terpene resin or mixtures thereof, and are present in the range of 0.1-10%.
In another embodiment of the present invention, the insecticidal composition of the present invention further comprises organosilicone surfactants/adjuvant as spreading and sticking agents and bio based efficacy enhancing agents.
In another embodiment of the present invention, the insecticidal composition of the present invention further comprises trisiloxane ethoxylate as organosilicone surfactant/adjuvant.
In another embodiment of the present invention, the insecticidal composition of the present invention further comprises blend of polyterpene resin (natural oils) as bio based efficacy enhancing agents.
The quick coating agent can be a conventionally available sticker, for example polyesters, polyamides, poly- carbonates, polyurea and polyurethanes, acrylate polymers and copolymers, styrene copolymers, butadiene copolymers, polysaccharides such as starch and cellulose derivatives, vinylalcohol, vinylacetate and vinylpyrrolidone polymers and copolymers, polyethers, epoxy, phenolic and melamine resins, polyolefins and define copolymersand mixtures thereof. Examples of preferred polymers are acrylate polymers such as poly(methacrylate), poly(ethyl methacrylate), poly(methylmethacrylate), acrylate copoylmers and styrene-acrylic copolymers as defined herein below, poly(styrenecomaleic anhydride), cellulosic polymers such as ethyl cellulose, cellulose acetate, cellulose acetatebutyrate, acetylated mono, di, and triglycerides, poly(vinylpyrrolidone), vinyl acetate polymers and copolymers, poly(alkylene glycol), styrene butadiene copolymers, poly(orthoesters), alkyd resins, and mixtures of two or more of these. Polymers that are biodegradable are also useful in the present invention. As used herein, a polymer is biodegradable if is not water soluble, but is degraded over a period of several weeks when placed in an application environment. Examples of biodegradable polymers that are useful in the present invention include biodegradable polyesters, starch, polylactic acid starch blends, polylactic acid, poly(lactic acid-glycolic acid) copolymers, polydioxanone, cellulose esters, ethyl cellulose, cellulose acetate butyrate, starch esters, starch esteraliphatic polyester blends, modified corn starch, polycaprolactone, poly(namylmethacrylate), wood rosin, polyanhydrides, polyvinylalcohol, polyhydroxybutyratevalerate, biodegradable aliphatic polyesters, and polyhydroxybutyrate or mixtures thereof.
The solvent for the formulation of the present invention may include water, water soluble alcohols and dihydroxy alcohol ethers. The water-soluble alcohol which can be used in the present invention may be lower alcohols or water-soluble macromolecular alcohols. The term "lower alcohol", as used herein, represents an alcohol having 1-4 carbon atoms, such as methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, tert-butanol, etc. Macromolecular alcohol is not limited, as long as it may be dissolved in water in a suitable amount range, polyethylene glycol, sorbitol, glucitol, etc. The examples of suitable dihydroxy alcohol ethers used in the present invention may be dihydroxy alcohol alkyl ethers or dihydroxy alcohol aryl ethers. The examples of dihydroxy alcohol alkyl ether include ethylene glycol methyl ether, diethylene glycol methyl ether, propylene glycol methyl ether, dipropylene glycol methyl ether, ethylene glycol ethyl ether, diethylene glycol ethyl ether, propylene glycol ethyl ether, dipropylene glycol ethyl ether, etc. The examples of dihydroxy alcohol aryl ethers include ethylene glycol phenyl ether, diethylene glycol phenyl ether, propylene glycol phenyl ether, dipropylene glycol phenyl ether, and the like. Any of the above mentioned solvent can be used either alone or in combination thereof.
In a specific embodiment, the insecticidal composition of the present invention may be applied in an amount of about 500 ml/ha.
In an embodiment, the kit-of-parts comprises an instructions manual, said instructions manual comprising instructions directing a user to admix the components before being used.
The process for preparing the present novel synergistic composition can be modified accordingly by any person skilled in the art based on the knowledge of the manufacturing the formulation. However, all such variation and modification is still covered by the scope of present invention.
Thus, before describing the present invention in detail, it is to be understood that this invention is not limited to particularly exemplified systems or process parameters that may of course, vary. It is also to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments of the invention only and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention in any manner. The use of examples anywhere in this specification including examples of any terms discussed herein is illustrative only, and in no way limits the scope and meaning of the invention or of any exemplified term. Likewise, the invention is not limited to various embodiments given in this specification. Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. In the case of conflict, the present document, including definitions will control.
In order that the present invention may be more readily understood, reference will now be made, by way of example, to the following description. It will be understood that the specification and examples are illustrative but not limitative of the present invention and that other embodiments within the spirit and scope of the invention will suggest themselves to those skilled in the art. Other embodiments can be practiced that are also within the scope of the present invention. The following illustrations of examples are intended to illustrate a stable synergistic fungicidal composition, but in no way limit the scope of the present invention.

Examples
A stable Suspension Concentrate (SC) of Nitenpyram, Pymetrozine, Fenobucarb according to the present invention was prepared as follows:
SC (Suspension Concentrate)
Sr. No. Component Composition
1 2 3 4 5
1 Nitenpyram Technical 5 5 40 20 5
2 Pymetrozine Technical 5 30 5 10 15
3 Fenobucarb Technical 1 2 2 4 6
4 Acrylic graft Copolymer 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00
5 Naphthalene sulfonic acid,sodium salt condensate with formaldehyde 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00
6 Blend of Poly terpene Resin 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
7 Silicone Antifoam 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50
8 Benzisothiazoline 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10
9 Glycol 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00
10 Polysaccharides 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10
11 DM water QS to Make 100 QS to Make 100 QS to Make 100 QS to Make 100 QS to Make 100

Example 1:
SC (Suspension Concentrate)
Sr. No. Recipe % w/w
1 Nitenpyram Technical 0.5-40%
2 Pymetrozine Technical 0.5-40%
3 Fenobucarb Technical 0.5-50%
4 Dispersing Agent- Polyarylphenyl ether phosphate, tristyryl phenol ethylated /Acrylic
Copolymer/ Ethoxylated Tristryl phenol Sulphate,Naphthalene sulfonic acid,sodium salt condensate with formaldehyde,Ethoxylated oleyl cetyl alcohol, Polyalkelene glycol ether,Ethoxylated Fatty alcohol 0.5-10%
5 Wetting Agent- Tristyrylphenol ethoxylate nonionic
emulsifier/ Mixture of non-ionic surfactants
& Alkoxyleted Alcohol/Block copolymer, 0.5-10%
6 Antifoaming Agent-Siloxane polyalkyleneoxide 0.01-1%
7 Antifreezing Agent- Glycol,Propylene Glycol,Mono ethylene glycol,Glycerin,Diethylene glycol 0.1-10%
8 Adjuvants-Silicone Ethoxylated Oil, Polyvinyl Pyrrolidon,Poly vinyl Alcohol,Blend of poly terpene resin 0.1-10%
9 Filler- Silicon Dioxide/China -
Clay/Kaolin/Talc/starch 0.1-5%
10 Anti-bacterial – Benzisothiazolin-3-one / Formaldehyde/Sodium benzoate/Sodium o-phenylphenate, 5-
chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one & 2-
methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one 0.01-1%
11 Polysaccharides/carboxymethyl cellulose/Bentonite Clay/Aluminum Magnesium Silicate 0.01-3%
12 DM water Q.s to make 100
Total 100

Example 2:
SC (Suspension Concentrate)
Sr. No. Recipe % w/w
1 Nitenpyram Technical 0.50%
2 Pymetrozine Technical 0.50%
3 Fenobucarb Technical 20.00%
4 Dispersing Agent- Tristyrylphenol Ethoxylate Amine
salt of phosphate 3%
5 Wetting Agent- Block copolymer, 2%
6 Antifoaming Agent-Siloxane polyalkyleneoxide 0.20%
7 Antifreezing Agent- Propylene Glycol 5%
8 Adjuvants-Blend of poly terpene resin 1%
9 Filler- China -Clay 1%
10 Anti-bacterial – Benzisothiazolin-3-one 0.10%
11 Polysaccharides 0.10%
12 DM water Q.s to make 100
Total 100

Process: Required quantity of water, biocide, and defoamer followed by addition of gum powder are homogenized with stirring to obtain a gum solution (Gum Solution should be made 12-18 hour prior to use). Required quantity of DM water, wetting agent, dispersing agent & suspending agents, colourant/dye was added into the charged vessel followed by homogenization for a period of ranging between 45 – 60 minutes using high shear homogeniser to obtain a homogenized slurry. Technical and other remaining adjuvants excluding ‘antifreeze & thickeners’ were added into the homogenized slurry to obtain a uniform slurry. Half of the quantity of required antifoam agent was added into the slurry. The uniform slurry mixture was then passed through appropriate particle size reduction equipment (Dyno-Mill) until the granule material of the desired particle size was achieved. Remaining half of the quantity of required antifoam agent along with the antifreeze agent was added to the granule material as obtained. Gum solution as obtained in the first step was then added to obtain the suspension concentrate.
A stable Water Dispersible Granule (WG) of Nitenpyram, Pymetrozine, Fenobucarb according to the present invention was prepared as follows:
WG (Water Dispersible Granule)
Sr. No. Component Composition
1 2 3 4 5
1 Nitenpyram Technical 40 0.5 20 20 30
2 Pymetrozine Technical 25 40 0.5 25 20
3 Fenobucarb Technical 0.5 2 50 5 10
4 Sodium Polycarboxylate 8.00 11.00 10.00 1.00 10.00
5 Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 6.00 7.00 4.00 5.00 4.00
6 Sodium ligno sulfonate 2.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
7 Sodium alkylnaphthalenesulfonate, formaldehyde condensate 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50
8 Silicone based antifoam 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10
9 Blend of poly terpene resin 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10
10 Precipitated Silica 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10
11 China Clay QS to Make 100 QS to Make 100 QS to Make 100 QS to Make 100 QS to Make 100

Example 3:
WG (Water Dispersible Granule)
Sr. No. Recipe % w/w

1 Nitenpyram Technical 40.00%
2 Pymetrozine Technical 30.00%
3 Fenobucarb Technical 1.00%
5 Dispersing Agent-Sodium Polycarboxylate 3.00
6 Wetting Agent-Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 4.00
7 Dispersing Sodium alkyl naphthalene sulfonate blend 1.00
8 Adjuvants-Polyvinyl pyrolliddone 0.10
9 Antifoam-Polydimethyl Siloxane 0.10
10 Filler-China Clay QS to Make 100

Process: Required quantity of filler, wetting agent, dispersing agent, and suspending agent, & technical was mixed in a premixing blender for homogenization for a period of 30 minutes to obtain a pre-blended material. The pre-blended material as obtained in the first step was blended through Jet mill/ air classifier mills followed by blending in post blender for a period of ~1.5 hour to obtain a homogeneous mixture. Required quantity of water (qs) was then added to make a dough. The dough was then passed through the extruder to obtain granules of required size. Wet granules as obtained were passed through the fluidised bed drier followed by grading using vibrating screens to obtain the wettable granules.
A stable Flowable concentrate for seed treatment (FS) of Nitenpyram, Pymetrozine, Fenobucarb according to the present invention was prepared as follows:
FS (Flowable Slurry)
Sr. No. Component Composition
1 2 3 4 5
1 Nitenpyram Technical 5 5 25 20 5
2 Pymetrozine Technical 5 25 15 5 20
3 Fenobucarb Technical 1 2 3 5 6
4 Acrylic Copolymer 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00
5 Naphthalene sulfonic acid,sodium salt condensate with formaldehyde 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00
6 Blend of poly terpene resin 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
7 Silicone Antifoam 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50
8 Benzisothiazoline 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10
9 Glycol 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00
10 Polysaccharides 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10
11 DM water QS to Make 100 QS to Make 100 QS to Make 100 QS to Make 100 QS to Make 100

Example 4:
FS (Flowable Slurry)
Sr. No. Recipe % w/w
1 Nitenpyram Technical 1.00%
2 Pymetrozine Technical 1.00%
3 Fenobucarb Technical 5%
4 Dispersing Agent- Tristyrylphenol Ethoxylate Amine
salt of phosphate 3%
5 Wetting Agent- Block copolymer, 2%
6 Antifoaming Agent-Siloxane polyalkyleneoxide 0.20%
7 Antifreezing Agent- Propylene Glycol 5%
8 Filler- China -Clay 1%
9 Anti-bacterial – Benzisothiazolin-3-one 0.10%
10 Adjuvants-Blend of poly terpene resin 1%
11 Polysaccharides 0.10%
12 DM water Q.s to make 100
Total 100

Process: Required quantity of water, biocide, and defoamer followed by addition of gum powder are homogenized with stirring to obtain a gum solution (Gum Solution should be made 12-18 hour prior to use). Required quantity of DM water, wetting agent, dispersing agent & suspending agents, colourant/dye was added into the charged vessel followed by homogenization for a period of ranging between 45 – 60 minutes using high shear homogeniser to obtain a homogenized slurry. Technical and other remaining adjuvants excluding ‘antifreeze & thickeners’ were added into the homogenized slurry to obtain a uniform slurry. Half of the quantity of required antifoam agent was added into the slurry. The uniform slurry mixture was then passed through appropriate particle size reduction equipment (Dyno-Mill) until the granule material of the desired particle size was achieved. Remaining half of the quantity of required antifoam agent along with the antifreeze agent was added to the granule material as obtained. Gum solution as obtained in the first step was then added to obtain the final formulation.

A stable Granule (GR) formulation of Nitenpyram, Pymetrozine, Fenobucarb according to the present invention was prepared as follows:
GR (Granule)
Sr. No. Component Composition
1 2 3 4 5
1 Nitenpyram Technical 10 5 7 15 10
2 Pymetrozine Technical 3 5 5 5 5
3 Fenobucarb Technical 2 5 6 3 7
4 Sodium Polycarboxylate 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00
5 Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00
6 Pigment blue 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10
7 Blend of poly terpene resin 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50
9 China Clay 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00
10 DM water 1.00 2.00 1.00 2.00 1.00
11 Sand QS to Make 100 QS to Make 100 QS to Make 100 QS to Make 100 QS to Make 100

Example 5:
Granule (GR)
Sr. No. Recipe % w/w
1 Nitenpyram Technical 5.00%
2 Pymetrozine Technical 5.00%
3 Fenobucarb Technical 0.50%
4 Dispersing Agent- Calcium Ligno sulphate 3%
5 Pigment Blue 0.20%
6 Filler- China -Clay 5%
7 Adjuvants-Polyvinyl pyrolliddone 0.10%
8 DM water 1%
9 Sand Q.s to make 100
Total 100

Process: Required quantity of filler, wetting agent, dispersing agent, and suspending agent, & technical was mixed in a premixing blender for homogenization for a period of 30 minutes to obtain a pre-blended material. The pre-blended material as obtained in the first step was blended through Jet mill/ air classifier mills followed by blending in post blender for a period of ~1.5 hour to obtain a homogeneous mixture. Then required quantity of sand was charged in the granulator, later DM water, sticking agent and remaining material was added till it became homogeneous. The finely grinded material was then completely coated on sand and the resulting formulation was blended for 30 minutes to obtain the granule formulation.
A stable Wettable Powder (WP) of Nitenpyram, Pymetrozine, Fenobucarb according to the present invention was prepared as follows:
WP (Wettable Powder)
Sr. No. Component Composition
1 2 3 4 5
1 Nitenpyram Technical 40 0.5 20 20 30
2 Pymetrozine Technical 25 40 0.5 25 20
3 Fenobucarb Technical 0.5 2 50 5 10
4 Sodium Polycarboxylate 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00
5 Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00
6 Blend of poly terpene resin 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
7 Sodium alkylnaphthalenesulfonate, formaldehyde condensate 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50
8 Silicone based antifoam 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10
9 Starch 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00
10 Precipitated Silica 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10
11 China Clay QS to Make 100 QS to Make 100 QS to Make 100 QS to Make 100 QS to Make 100

Example 6:
WP (Wettable Powder)
Sr. No. Recipe % w/w

1 Nitenpyram Technical 10.00%
2 Pymetrozine Technical 15.00%
3 Fenobucarb Technical 50.00%
5 Dispersing Agent-Sodium ligno sulfonate 3.00
6 Wetting Agent-Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 4.00
7 Dispersing Sodium alkyl naphthalene sulfonate blend 1.00
8 Adjuvants-Polyvinyl pyrolliddone 1.00
9 Antifoam-Polydimethyl Siloxane 0.10
10 Filler-China Clay QS to Make 100

Process: Required quantity of filler, wetting agent, dispersing agent, and suspending agent, & technical were charged in premixing blender for homogenization for a period of 30 minutes to obtain a pre-blended material. The pre-blended material was grinded through Jet mill/ air classifier mills followed by blending in post blender for a period of ~1.5 hr to obtain a homogeneous material. The homogenous material as obtained was unloaded and analysed.
A stable Suspo-emulsion (SE) of Nitenpyram, Pymetrozine, Fenobucarb according to the present invention was prepared as follows:
SE (Suspo Emulsion)
Sr. No. Component Composition
1 2 3 4 5
1 Nitenpyram Technical 5 10 5 7 8
2 Pymetrozine Technical 5 10 15 20 5
3 Fenobucarb Technical 3 5 10 7 2
4 Acrylic Copolymer 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00
5 Naphthalene sulfonic acid,sodium salt condensate with formaldehyde 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00
6 Blend of poly terpene resin 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
7 Silicone Antifoam 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50
8 Benzisothiazoline 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10
9 Glycol 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00
10 1-Octanol 15.00 20.00 20.00 15.00 15.00
11 Polysaccharides 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10
12 DM water QS to Make 100 QS to Make 100 QS to Make 100 QS to Make 100 QS to Make 100

Example 7:
Suspo Emulsion (SE)
Sr. No. Recipe % w/w
1 Nitenpyram Technical 2.00%
2 Pymetrozine Technical 3.00%
3 Fenobucarb Technical 5%
4 Dispersing Agent- Tristyrylphenol Ethoxylate Amine
salt of phosphate 3%
5 Wetting Agent- Block copolymer, 2%
6 Antifoaming Agent-Siloxane polyalkyleneoxide 0.20%
7 Antifreezing Agent- Propylene Glycol 5%
8 1-octanol 10%
9 Anti-bacterial – Benzisothiazolin-3-one 0.10%
10 Adjuvants-Blend of poly terpene resin 1%
11 Polysaccharides 0.10%
12 DM water Q.s to make 100
Total 100

Process: Required quantity of water, biocide, and defoamer followed by addition of gum powder are homogenized with stirring to obtain a gum solution (Gum Solution should be made 12-18 hour prior 5 to use). Required quantity of DM water is charged for Flowable concentrate/ Suspension concentrate/ Flowable slurry production. wetting agent, dispersing agent & suspending agents, colorant/dye was added into the charged vessel followed by homogenization for a period of ranging between 45 – 60 minutes using high shear homogeniser to obtain a homogenized slurry. Technical and other remaining adjuvants excluding ‘antifreeze & thickeners’ were added into the homogenized slurry to obtain a uniform slurry. Half of the quantity of required antifoam agent was added into the slurry before grinding. The uniform slurry mixture was then passed through appropriate particle size reduction equipment (Dyno-Mill) until the granule material of the desired particle size was achieved. Remaining half of the quantity of required antifoam agent along with the antifreeze agent was added to the granule material as obtained. Gum solution as obtained in the first step was then added to obtain the suspo-emulsion.
Biological Examples:

Bio-efficacy studies

Evaluation of bio-efficacy of the synergistic insecticidal composition of the present invention against Brown Plant Hoppers (BPH) (Nilaparvata lugens) in Paddy and effect in terms of phytotoxicity:
A synergistic effect exists wherever the action of a combination of active ingredient is greater than the sum of the action of each of the components alone. Therefore, in the present context, a synergistically effective amount or an effective amount of a synergistic composition or combination is an amount that exhibits greater insecticidal activity than the sum of the insecticidal activities of the individual components.
In the field of agriculture, it is often understood that the term “synergy” is as defined by Colby S.R. The action expected for a given combination of two active components can be calculated as follows:
Where E = Expected % control by mixture of three products A, B and C in a defined dose

X = Observed % control by product A
Y = Observed % control by product B
Z = Observed % control by product C

Ratio of O/E > 1, means synergism observed.
In the Colby method, the expected (or predicted) response of a combination of pesticides/insecticides is calculated by taking the product of the observed response for each individual component of the combination when applied alone divided by 100 and subtracting this value from the sum of the observed response for each component when applied alone. An unexpected enhancement in efficacy of the combination is then determined by comparing the observed response of the combination to the expected (or predicted) response as calculated from the observed response of each individual component alone. If the observed response of the combination is greater than the expected (or predicted) response, or stated conversely, if the difference between the observed and expected response is greater than zero, then the combination is said to be synergistic or unexpectedly effective, (Colby, S. R,: 25 Weeds, 1967(15), p. 20-22}. The Colby method requires only a single dose of each pesticide/insecticide applied alone and the mixture of both doses. The formula used to calculate the expected efficacy (EE) which was compared with the observed efficacy (OE) to determine the efficacy of the present invention is explained herein below.
Test Suspensions comprising a single active ingredient are sprayed to demonstrate the control efficacy of the active ingredient individually. To demonstrate the control efficacy of a combination:
a) the active ingredients can be combined in the appropriate amounts in a single test Suspension;
b) stock solutions of individual active ingredients can be prepared and then combined in the appropriate ratio, and diluted to the final desired concentration to form a test Suspension or
c) test Suspensions comprising single active ingredients can be sprayed sequentially in the desired ratio.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Field experiment on Bio-efficacy and phytotoxicity to Rice crop
The field experiment was conducted on Rice crop in Nalgonda, Talengana during 2018-19 and 2019-20 and the experimental details as below:
Crop & Variety: Rice. Variety: BPT-5204
RBD Experimental design with 3 Replications -
No. of Treatments: 32 including Control plot
Treatment Plot size in Corn field.: 8X5 M
Application Time: Treatment were started based on the ETL level of (brown plant hopper) BPH in the field selected which coincides with first spray on 60 DAT followed by second and third sprays at 70 and 80 DAT respectively.
Observations: Pre- treatment count (PTC) of BPH and then 1, 3, 5, 7 & 10 Days after each spray was recorded from 20 hills per treatment. Average pf 3 replication was calculated for further analysis.
Spray Volume: 500 litre water per hectare
Application Equipment: Hand operated Knapsack sprayer fitted with Flat fan nozzle.

Experimental Methodology: Paddy crop was raised as per the standard agronomic practices in the field to conduct a trial to assess phytotoxicity of different inventive synergistic mixtures as tank mixture as well ready to use ternary mixture of insecticides. The trial was laid out in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 32 treatments including untreated check (UTC), replicated three times. For each treatment plot size of 40 sq. mt was maintained. The application of different treatments with prescribed doses was done with manually operated knapsack sprayer fitted with flat fan nozzle. The spray volume was used at 500 l/h for spraying. The Untreated check plot was sprayed with water alone. Observations on phytotoxicity viz., yellowing, stunting, epinasty and hyponasty was recorded at 0,1,3,5,7 & 10 days after spraying, by adopting 0-10 rating scale as below:

0= No phytotoxicity, 1 =1-10%, 2=11-20%, 3=21-30%, 4=31-40%, 5=41-50%, 6=51-60%, 7=61-70%, 8=71-80%, 9=81-90% and 10=91-100% phytotoxicity
Percent phytotoxicity was calculated by following formula:

Table 1

Second active Compound Dose Rate First active compound - Nitenpyram Third active Compound Dose Rate

g a.i./ha Dose Rate (g a.i./ha) g a.i./ha
Pymetrozine 0 0 20 40 60 75 Fenobucarb 0
60 0 20 40 60 75 100
120 0 20 40 60 75 200
150 0 20 40 60 75 400
180 0 20 40 60 75 750

Table 2
Synergistic Insecticidal effect of a combination of Nitenpyram + Pymetrozine + Fenobucarb against Brown Plant Hoppers (BPH) Nilaparvata lugens in Paddy
Treatments Nitenpyram Pymetrozine Fenobucarb PTC (pre treatment count) 1 DAS 3DAS 5DAS 7 DAS 10 DAS
g a.i./ha Brown Plant Hopper (average nos./ 20 Hills after 1st Spray)
T1 20 0 0 44.45 40.01 40.00 39.13 38.50 39.00
T2 40 0 0 43.63 37.96 35.87 35.00 34.00 35.13
T3 60 0 0 44.28 38.08 36.00 34.50 34.00 33.67
T4 75 0 0 46.65 40.12 38.13 37.45 35.50 33.88
T5 0 60 0 45.54 42.35 41.22 40.00 41.33 41.00
T6 0 120 0 46.44 41.80 39.13 38.67 36.50 36.00
T7 0 150 0 44.33 39.01 37.00 36.67 35.13 35.00
T8 0 180 0 42.87 37.73 35.00 35.13 33.67 33.00
T9 0 0 100 44.33 42.11 41.87 41.00 40.33 42.00
T10 0 0 200 45.50 41.86 40.87 39.33 39.00 38.13
T11 0 0 400 45.00 41.40 39.50 39.00 37.00 37.33
T12 0 0 750 44.66 40.64 38.13 38.00 37.67 37.00
T13 40 120 0 46.13 37.83 35.00 34.33 32.67 33.00
T14 40 0 400 44.00 37.40 36.00 35.50 35.00 34.87
T15 0 120 400 45.33 39.89 36.00 34.56 35.00 35.67
T16 20 60 100 42.87 37.30 36.00 35.10 36.00 36.87
T17 20 120 200 43.66 36.67 35.13 34.50 35.00 34.50
T18 20 150 400 46.00 38.64 36.13 34.00 33.00 33.00
T19 20 180 750 45.13 38.36 36.00 34.00 34.00 32.33
T20 40 60 100 44.50 36.05 35.33 34.00 34.00 33.13
T21 40 120 200 44.00 36.52 34.87 33.13 31.00 29.67
T22 40 150 400 46.66 38.26 35.50 34.00 30.00 29.50
T23 40 180 750 45.46 37.28 36.00 34.13 32.28 30.00
T24 60 60 100 43.00 36.98 35.00 33.00 31.00 28.33
T25 60 120 200 44.13 37.51 36.12 34.50 31.33 29.00
T26 60 150 400 43.40 36.89 36.00 34.67 31.33 30.50
T27 60 180 750 45.13 37.91 35.33 34.00 31.13 28.87
T28 75 60 100 44.13 37.95 36.00 32.33 30.00 29.00
T29 75 120 200 45.67 39.28 35.00 35.00 31.23 28.67
T30 75 150 400 44.50 37.83 34.67 32.00 30.67 28.13
T31 75 180 750 45.00 37.35 35.00 33.00 31.13 27.70
T32 0 0 0 45.35 47.13 52.67 52.00 55.28 57.50

Table 3
Synergistic Insecticidal effect of a combination of Nitenpyram + Pymetrozine + Fenobucarb against Brown Plant Hoppers (BPH) Nilaparvata lugens in Paddy
Treatments Nitenpyram Pymetrozine Fenobucarb PTC(pre treatment count) 1 DAS 3DAS 5DAS 7 DAS 10 DAS
g a.i./ha Brown Plant Hopper (average nos./ 20 Hills after 2nd Spray)
T1 20 0 0 44.45 36.50 35.00 34.13 34.67 35.00
T2 40 0 0 43.63 32.33 31.00 31.12 30.67 31.00
T3 60 0 0 44.28 31.13 30.00 29.87 29.00 29.13
T4 75 0 0 46.65 31.67 31.50 30.13 29.13 28.00
T5 0 60 0 45.54 39.33 39.00 40.13 41.13 40.00
T6 0 120 0 46.44 35.50 37.13 39.90 42.33 44.00
T7 0 150 0 44.33 33.00 32.13 31.67 31.00 30.87
T8 0 180 0 42.87 32.33 31.22 30.00 30.13 29.87
T9 0 0 100 44.33 41.33 43.00 43.50 45.33 46.00
T10 0 0 200 45.50 37.00 36.67 36.00 37.66 38.00
T11 0 0 400 45.00 35.50 34.67 34.00 35.87 35.00
T12 0 0 750 44.66 35.50 34.13 33.00 33.33 34.00
T13 40 120 0 46.13 30.00 28.00 29.13 29.00 28.87
T14 40 0 400 44.00 34.00 33.13 34.50 34.00 33.67
T15 0 120 400 45.33 32.13 32.00 31.67 32.00 32.00
T16 20 60 100 42.87 36.00 35.13 34.50 35.00 34.00
T17 20 120 200 43.66 32.56 32.00 31.87 32.00 32.00
T18 20 150 400 46.00 31.33 30.50 30.00 31.00 30.13
T19 20 180 750 45.13 30.50 29.00 29.00 30.87 31.00
T20 40 60 100 44.50 31.50 30.45 30.13 28.50 29.00
T21 40 120 200 44.00 26.00 24.50 23.00 22.12 23.00
T22 40 150 400 46.66 27.50 24.00 23.33 22.00 21.50
T23 40 180 750 45.46 27.88 26.00 24.00 21.33 20.66
T24 60 60 100 43.00 27.50 25.50 24.13 25.00 25.00
T25 60 120 200 44.13 25.50 24.56 23.00 22.13 22.00
T26 60 150 400 43.40 27.13 25.00 23.13 22.50 21.44
T27 60 180 750 45.13 26.44 24.13 22.00 20.33 20.00
T28 75 60 100 44.13 28.13 26.50 26.00 24.13 22.43
T29 75 120 200 45.67 25.50 23.00 23.00 22.13 21.23
T30 75 150 400 44.50 24.00 22.33 22.50 21.00 21.00
T31 75 180 750 45.00 24.13 21.22 20.00 19.13 19.00
T32 0 0 0 45.35 59.00 61.33 64.00 66.87 68.24

Table 4
Synergistic Insecticidal effect of a combination of Nitenpyram + Pymetrozine + Fenobucarb against Brown Plant Hoppers (BPH) Nilaparvata lugens in Paddy
Treatments Nitenpyram Pymetrozine Fenobucarb PTC(pre treatment count) 1 DAS 3DAS 5DAS 7 DAS 10 DAS
g a.i./ha Brown Plant Hopper (average nos./ 20 Hills after 3rd Spray)
T1 20 0 0 44.45 32.00 31.33 30.00 30.13 30.00
T2 40 0 0 43.63 29.00 28.66 28.00 27.00 27.13
T3 60 0 0 44.28 27.50 27.00 25.50 26.13 26.00
T4 75 0 0 46.65 27.13 26.66 24.55 25.13 24.50
T5 0 60 0 45.54 38.33 36.67 35.60 35.00 35.67
T6 0 120 0 46.44 40.33 38.50 36.66 33.00 32.33
T7 0 150 0 44.33 32.00 31.33 30.87 30.00 29.33
T8 0 180 0 42.87 30.00 30.00 28.87 28.00 27.87
T9 0 0 100 44.33 44.00 41.22 40.67 43.13 45.55
T10 0 0 200 45.50 36.00 34.33 34.00 35.50 36.67
T11 0 0 400 45.00 35.00 34.13 33.50 32.00 30.87
T12 0 0 750 44.66 32.50 32.00 32.00 31.13 30.00
T13 40 120 0 46.13 25.50 21.67 19.00 16.67 15.50
T14 40 0 400 44.00 26.87 23.00 20.50 19.13 17.33
T15 0 120 400 45.33 28.33 25.50 22.13 20.50 19.00
T16 20 60 100 42.87 32.13 31.00 26.66 23.50 21.87
T17 20 120 200 43.66 31.50 29.33 24.87 23.00 19.00
T18 20 150 400 46.00 29.00 26.00 23.33 20.50 16.67
T19 20 180 750 45.13 28.67 24.54 21.00 16.87 14.33
T20 40 60 100 44.50 26.33 19.66 17.00 14.50 10.00
T21 40 120 200 44.00 15.00 14.33 10.55 6.67 5.67
T22 40 150 400 46.66 15.13 12.00 8.87 5.87 4.00
T23 40 180 750 45.46 17.87 15.00 12.13 9.50 3.33
T24 60 60 100 43.00 17.00 14.33 11.00 9.00 8.13
T25 60 120 200 44.13 17.00 14.00 9.87 7.77 4.50
T26 60 150 400 43.40 18.00 13.33 9.00 5.66 3.00
T27 60 180 750 45.13 17.50 10.33 6.67 4.50 2.66
T28 75 60 100 44.13 18.00 13.33 11.00 9.33 6.66
T29 75 120 200 45.67 20.00 12.00 9.00 6.50 3.33
T30 75 150 400 44.50 18.50 11.00 8.13 5.13 3.00
T31 75 180 750 45.00 16.33 9.66 7.50 4.50 3.00
T32 0 0 0 45.35 68.00 70.33 70 71.5 73

Table 5
Cumulative effect of three sprays against BPH (Brown Plant Hopper) and on final productivity of the rice crop:
Synergistic Insecticidal effect of a combination of Nitenpyram + Pymetrozine + Fenobucarb against Brown Plant Hoppers (BPH) Nilaparvata lugens in Paddy
Treatments Nitenpyram Pymetrozine Fenobucarb Observed% population reduction over control at 10 days after 3rd Spray Expected BPH control %
Observed /Expected control % = Colby Ratio
Yield (q/ha)
Observed % increase in yield over control
Expected % increase in yield over control
Observed/ Expected yield increae % = Colby Ratio

g a.i./ha
T1 20 0 0 58.90 - - 46.40 14.85 -
T2 40 0 0 62.84 - 51.30 26.98
T3 60 0 0 64.38 - - 52.10 28.96 -
T4 75 0 0 66.44 - - 53.00 31.19 -
T5 0 60 0 51.14 - 43.80 8.42
T6 0 120 0 55.71 - - 46.80 15.84 -
T7 0 150 0 59.82 - - 48.60 20.30 -
T8 0 180 0 61.82 - - 50.10 24.01 -
T9 0 0 100 37.60 - 42.00 3.96
T10 0 0 200 49.77 - - 43.10 6.68 -
T11 0 0 400 57.71 - - 46.90 16.09 -
T12 0 0 750 58.90 - - 48.80 20.79 -
T13 40 120 0 78.77 83.54 0.94 55.40 37.13 38.55 0.96
T14 40 0 400 76.26 84.28 0.90 53.90 33.42 38.73 0.86
T15 0 120 400 73.97 81.27 0.91 52.00 28.71 29.38 0.98
T16 20 60 100 70.04 87.47 0.80 49.70 23.02 25.11 0.92
T17 20 120 200 73.97 90.86 0.81 51.30 26.98 33.13 0.81
T18 20 150 400 77.16 93.02 0.83 53.10 31.44 43.05 0.73
T19 20 180 750 80.37 93.55 0.86 54.40 34.65 48.75 0.71
T20 40 60 100 86.30 88.67 0.97 56.50 39.85 35.77 1.11
T21 40 120 200 92.23 91.73 1.01 60.60 50.00 42.65 1.17
T22 40 150 400 94.52 93.69 1.01 61.90 53.22 51.16 1.04
T23 40 180 750 95.44 94.17 1.01 63.00 55.94 56.05 1.00
T24 60 60 100 88.86 89.14 1.00 62.40 54.46 37.52 1.45
T25 60 120 200 93.84 92.08 1.02 63.20 56.44 44.21 1.28
T26 60 150 400 95.89 93.95 1.02 64.40 59.41 52.49 1.13
T27 60 180 750 96.36 94.41 1.02 66.90 65.59 57.24 1.15
T28 75 60 100 90.88 90.73 1.00 63.30 56.68 39.48 1.44
T29 75 120 200 95.44 92.53 1.03 66.50 64.60 45.96 1.41
T30 75 150 400 95.89 94.30 1.02 67.1 66.09 53.98 1.22
T31 75 180 750 95.89 94.73 1.01 68.3 69.06 58.58 1.18
T32 0 0 0 0.00 - - 40.4 0.00 - -

The field trials results presented in table 2,3,4 and 5 above shows that inventive synergistic composition of Nitenpyram + Pymetrozine + Fenobucarb shows synergistic effect (by Colby’s equation amongst all the treatments) in terms of control of the target pest during experimental period by reducing BPH population by > 92% and is economically favourable. Also, similar trends were observed for the inventive synergistic composition of Nitenpyram + Pymetrozine + Fipronil in terms of the aforementioned and demonstrated synergistic effect.

Phytotoxicity Observations
For phytotoxicity evaluation on paddy, following observations were made by observing temporary or long lasting damage viz. yellowing, stunting, epinasty and hyponasty at 5 and 10 days after spray of the synergistic insecticidal composition of the present invention. Crop injury was observed on visual rating from 1-10 scale as given in table below.

Rating Crop Injury (%) Verbal Description
0 - No symptoms
1 1-10 Very slight discoloration
2 11-20 More severe, but not lasting
3 21-30 Moderate and more lasting
4 31-40 Medium and lasting
5 41-50 Moderately heavy
6 51-60 Heavy
7 61-70 Very Heavy
8 71-80 Nearly destroyed
9 81-90 Destroyed
10 91-100 Completely destroyed

Table 6
Treatments Nitenpyram Pymetrozine Fenobucarb 10 DAS 10 DAS 10 DAS 10 DAS
g a.i./ha Yellowing% Stunting % Epinasty % Hyponasty %
T1 20 0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
T2 40 0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
T3 60 0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
T4 75 0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
T5 0 60 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
T6 0 120 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
T7 0 150 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
T8 0 180 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
T9 0 0 100 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
T10 0 0 200 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
T11 0 0 400 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
T12 0 0 750 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
T13 40 120 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
T14 40 0 400 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
T15 0 120 400 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
T16 20 60 100 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
T17 20 120 200 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
T18 20 150 400 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
T19 20 180 750 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
T20 40 60 100 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
T21 40 120 200 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
T22 40 150 400 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
T23 40 180 750 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
T24 60 60 100 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
T25 60 120 200 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
T26 60 150 400 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
T27 60 180 750 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
T28 75 60 100 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
T29 75 120 200 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
T30 75 150 400 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
T31 75 180 750 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
T32 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

The results of the field trial on crop phytotoxicity presented in Table 6 indicates that the inventive composition of present invention did not cause any significant visible damage to the paddy crop in terms of loss of pigmentation, crop growth, crop vigour etc.
Thus, the synergistic insecticidal composition of the present invention gave good control of insects along with increase in yield and better economics to farmers as compared to the reference products. Further, the use of the synergistic insecticidal composition resulted in better crop condition, i.e., fresh green leaves and did not produce any phytotoxic symptoms on the plants. Also, similar trends were observed for the inventive composition of Nitenpyram + Pymetrozine + Fipronil in terms of the aforementioned and demonstrated effect of no phytotoxicity.
Storage stability and shelf life study
Table 7 (Storage Stability test of the composition of present invention)

Parameters Specification
(In House) Initial Cold storage stability at 0 + 2 0C for 14 days Heat stability study at 54 + 2 0C for 14 days Heat stability study at 54 + 2 0C for 21 days Heat stability study at 54 + 2 0C for 28 days Heat stability study at 54 + 2 0C for 35 days Heat stability study at 54 + 2 0C for 42 days
Description Free flowable granules Complies Complies Complies Complies Complies Complies Complies
Nitenpyram Content 7.6-8.8 8.6 8.6 8.4 8.3 8.3 8.2 8.1
Nitenpyram Suspensibility Min 60% 99.9 99.7 99.4 99.3 99.1 98.8 98.6
Pymetrozine Content 22.8-25.2 25.1 25.1 24.8 24.7 24.5 24.4 24.2
Pymetrozine Suspensibility Min 60% 99.3 99.3 98.7 98.7 98.2 97.8 97.5
Fenobucarb Content 38-42 41.5 41.5 41.4 41.2 41.1 40.8 40.7
Fenobucarb Suspensibility Min. 60 99.9 99.9 99.2 99.2 98.9 98.7 98.4
pH (1% aqueous Solution) 4 to 9 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5
Wettability Max 120 s 67 69 67 67 71 71 71
Wet Sieve(Passes through 75 micron) Min 98.0% 99.5 99.4 99.4 99.2 99.1 99 98.9
Bulk Density 0.25-0.85 0.54 0.54 0.54 0.54 0.54 0.54 0.54
Moisture Content Max 10.0% 8.4 8..3 8.2 8.1 8.1 8.1 8.1

Shelf Life/Room Temperature storage data- Details
Table 8

Parameters Specification Study Duration
In House 1 month 6 month 12 month 24 months 30 months 36 months 42 months
Description Free flowable granules Complies Complies Complies Complies Complies Complies Complies
Nitenpyram Content 7.6-8.8 8.6 8.5 8.4 8.3 8.3 8.2 8.1
Nitenpyram Suspensibility Min 60% 99.9 99.5 99.4 99.2 98.9 98.6 98.4
Pymetrozine Content 22.8-25.2 25.1 25 24.9 24.7 24.5 24.3 24.2
Pymetrozine Suspensibility Min 60% 99.4 99.3 98.9 98.7 98.2 97.8 97.2
Fenobucarb Content 38-42 41.4 41.3 41.3 41.2 41.1 40.9 40.7
Fenobucarb Suspensibility Min. 60 99.9 99.9 99.2 99.2 98.9 98.7 98.4
pH (1% aqueous Solution) 4 to 9 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5
Wettability Max 120 s 67 68 66 69 70 68 71
Wet Sieve(Passes through 75 micron) Min 98.0% 99.5 99.3 99.2 99.2 99 98.9 98.7
Bulk Density 0.25-0.85 0.54 0.54 0.54 0.54 0.54 0.54 0.54
Moisture Content Max 10.0% 8.4 8..3 8.2 8.1 8.1 8.1 8.1

The shelf life of commercially available formulation comprising individual/solo insecticides is 2 years. However, the composition of the present invention is found to be stable for at least 42 months.

From the foregoing it will be observed that numerous modifications and variations can be effectuated without departing from the true spirit and scope of the novel concepts of the present invention. It is to be understood that no limitations with respect to the specific embodiments illustrated is intended or should be inferred. It should be understood that all such modifications and improvements have been deleted herein for the sake of conciseness and readability but are properly within the scope of the following claims.

WE CLAIM:

[CLAIM 1]. A synergistic insecticidal composition comprising of:
a. an insecticide Nitenpyram; and
b. an insecticide Pymetrozine; and
c. at least one insecticidal compound selected from Fipronil and Fenobucarb and
d. one or more customary formulation excipients.
[CLAIM 2]. The insecticidal composition as claimed in claim 1 comprising of:
a. an insecticide Nitenpyram in the range 0.5% to 40% w/w; and
b. an insecticide Pymetrozine in the range 0.5% to 50% w/; and
c. at least one insecticidal compound selected from Fipronil and Fenobucarb in the range 0.5% to 50% w/w and
d. one or more customary formulation excipients.

[CLAIM 3]. A synergistic insecticidal composition comprising of:
a. an insecticide Nitenpyram in the range 0.5% to 40% w/w; and
b. an insecticide Pymetrozine in the range 0.5% to 50% w/; and
c. at least one insecticidal compound selected from Fipronil and Fenobucarb in the range 0.5% to 50% w/w and
d. organosilicone surfactants as spreading and sticking agents and bio based efficacy enhancing agents;
e. one or more customary formulation excipients.
[CLAIM 4]. The insecticidal composition as claimed in claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein at least one insecticidal compound is Fenobucarb.
[CLAIM 5]. The insecticidal composition as claimed in claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein at least one insecticidal compound is Fipronil.
[CLAIM 6]. The insecticidal composition as claimed in claim 1, 2 or 3 wherein customary formulation excipients. are surfactant/dispersing agent, anti-freezing agent, anti-foaming agent, wetting agent, suspension aid, antimicrobial/anti-bacterial agent, thickener, quick coating agent or sticking agents/sticker, spreader, binders, adjuvants, fillers, emulsifiers, coloring pigments, dyes, preservatives and buffering agent thereof.
[CLAIM 7]. The insecticidal composition as claimed in claim 6, wherein the surfactants/dispersing agent is selected form the group consisting of sodium lignosulphonates; Polyarylphenyl ether phosphate, tristyryl phenol ethylated /Acrylic Copolymer/ Ethoxylated Tristryl phenol Sulphate, Naphthalene sulfonic acid,sodium salt condensate with formaldehyde,Ethoxylated oleyl cetyl alcohol, Polyalkelene glycol ether, Ethoxylated Fatty alcohol; EO-PO block copolymers; and graft copolymers or mixtures thereof and present in the range of 0.5-10% weight of the total composition.
[CLAIM 8]. The insecticidal composition as claimed in claim 6, wherein anti-freezing agent is selected from the group consisting of polyethylene glycols, Mono ethylene glycol, methoxypolyethylene glycols, glycol, propylene glycol, polypropylene glycols, polybutylene glycols, glycerin, ethylene glycol, Diethylene glycol and mixtures thereof and present in the range of 0.1-10% weight of the total composition.
[CLAIM 9]. The insecticidal composition as claimed in claim 6, wherein the wetting agent is selected from the group consisting of sodium lauryl sulphate; sodium dioctylsulphosuccinate; Tristyrylphenol ethoxylate, non-ionic emulsifier/ mixture of non-ionic surfactants & Alkoxylated Alcohol/Block copolymer, alkyl phenol ethoxylates; and aliphatic alcohol ethoxylates, their salts and mixtures thereof and present in the range of 0.5-10% weight of the total composition.
[CLAIM 10]. The insecticidal composition as claimed in claim 6, wherein antimicrobial/anti-bacterial agent is selected from the group consisting of propionic acid and its sodium salt; sorbic acid and its sodium or potassium salts; benzoic acid and its sodium salt; hydroxy benzoic acid sodium salt; methyl p-hydroxy benzoate; and biocide such as sodium benzoate, Sodium o-phenylphenate, 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one 1,2-benzisothiazoline-3-one, potassium sorbate, parahydroxy benzoates, Benzisothiazolin-3-one / Formaldehyde or mixtures thereof and present in the range of 0.01-1% weight of the total formulation.
[CLAIM 11]. The insecticidal composition as claimed in claim 6, wherein thickener is selected from montmorillonite, bentonite clay; magnesium aluminum silicate; attapulgite; natural extracts of seeds and seaweeds; guar gum; locust bean gum; carrageenam; xanthan gum; alginates; polysaccharides, methyl cellulose; sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (SCMC); hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC), bentonite clay, modified starches, polyacrylates, polyvinyl alcohol and polyethylene oxide or mixtures thereof and present in the range of 0.01-3% weight of the total composition.

[CLAIM 12]. The insecticidal composition as claimed in claim 6, wherein antifoaming agent is selected from the group consisting of silicon emulsion based anti-foam agents, Siloxane polyalkyleneoxide, trisiloxane ethoxylates and mixtures thereof and present in the range of 0.01-1% weight of the total composition.

[CLAIM 13]. The insecticidal composition as claimed in claim 6, wherein filler is selected from the group consisting of Silicon Dioxide, bentonite clay, china clay, silica, kaolin, talc, starch and diatomaceous earth and mixtures thereof and present in the range of 0.1-5% weight of the total composition.

[CLAIM 14]. The insecticidal composition as claimed in claim 6, wherein adjuvants are selected from Silicone Ethoxylated Oil, Polyvinyl Pyrrolidon, Polyvinyl Alcohol, blend of poly terpene resin or mixtures thereof and present in the range of 0.1-10% weight of the total composition.

[CLAIM 16]. The insecticidal composition as claimed in claim 3, wherein organosilicone surfactant/adjuvant is trisiloxane ethoxylate and present in the range of 0.1-10% weight of the total composition.

[CLAIM 15. The insecticidal composition as claimed in claim 3, wherein bio based efficacy enhancing agent is blend of polyterpene resin (natural oils) and present in the range of 0.1-10% weight of the total composition.

[CLAIM 16]. The insecticidal composition as claimed in claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the composition is in the form of Capsule suspension (CS), Dispersible concentrate (DC), Dustable powder (DP), Powder for dry seed treatment (DS), Emulsifiable concentrate (EC), Emulsifiable granule (EG), Emulsion water-in-oil (EO), Emulsifiable powder (EP), Emulsion for seed treatment (ES), Emulsion oil-in-water (EW), Flowable concentrate for seed treatment (FS), Granules (GR), Micro-emulsion (ME), Oil-dispersion (OD), Oil miscible flowable concentrate (OF), Oil miscible liquid (OL), Oil dispersible powder (OP), Suspension concentrate (SC), Suspension concentrate for direct application (SD), Suspo-emulsion (SE), Water soluble granule (SG), Soluble concentrate (SL), Spreading oil (SO), Water soluble powder (SP), Water soluble tablet (ST), Ultra-low volume (ULV) suspension, Tablet (TB), Ultra-low volume (ULV) liquid, Water dispersible granules (WG), Wettable powder (WP), Water dispersible powder for slurry seed treatment (WS), Water dispersible tablet (WT), a mixed formulation of CS and SC (ZC) or a mixed formulation of CS and SE (ZE) and a mixed formulation of CS and EW (ZW) or combination thereof.

[CLAIM 17]. The insecticidal composition as claimed in claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the formulation is applied to a plant/crop as a foliar spray, soil drenching, seed dressing, application as paste of the targeted plants/ trees, broadcasting.
[CLAIM 18]. The insecticidal composition as claimed in claim 1, 2 or 3, which exhibits excellent insecticidal activity against rice bugs/Gundhi bugs, brown plant hoppers and green leaf hoppers.
[CLAIM 19]. A kit-of-parts comprising a plurality of components, wherein said plurality of components comprises:
a. an insecticide Nitenpyram in the range 0.5% to 40% w/w; and
b. an insecticide Pymetrozine in the range 0.5% to 50% w/; and
c. at least one insecticidal compound selected from Fipronil and Fenobucarb in the range 0.5% to 50% w/w and
d. organosilicone surfactants as spreading and sticking agents and bio based efficacy enhancing agents.
e. one or more customary formulation excipients.