DESC:FIELD OF INVENTION:
The present invention relates to a synergistic agrochemical composition. More particularly the present invention relates to a synergistic Oil Dispersion composition comprising bioactive amount of (A) Any one or two herbicide(s) selected from Aryloxyphenoxy-propionic (FOPs) herbicide (B) One or more herbicide selected from the class of herbicides.The present invention further relates to selection of suitable formulation excipients, process of preparation of the said oil dispersion formulations and its application in the field of agriculture.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION:
These days cultivation of crops and agriculture in general is cost intensive. Receiving a high yield from the cultivated crops is a key. Hence, to achieve higher yield, protecting crops from pests and diseases and weeds is vital.
Weeds are undesired or unwanted crop or plant which grows sometimes with the essential or desired crop plant and competes with the desired crop plant from an early stage in growth and development. This results in adverse effect on the growth of crop plant and yield.
In earlier days man power was utilized to remove weeds. Due to research and development in the field of an agriculture now a days chemicals are being used to kill or control the weeds.
It is desirable for the crop protection product to control the harmful plants effectively and, at the same time, to be tolerated by the useful plants in question. Thus selectivity of the crop protection product is essential to selectively kill the unwanted crops and saves the desired crop in the field.
The control of undesired vegetation is extremely important in order to achieve high crop efficiency. In many cases, herbicides have an effect against a spectrum of weeds; however, these herbicides may not be effective on certain type of other weeds, which may also be present in the crop to be protected. Therefore, there is a strong need for mixing two or more herbicides.
Hence, the most effective way to control weeds is the application of herbicide in accordance with the appropriate management practices with proper formulation thereof.
Treating plants with such a weedicide/herbicide(s) in appropriate formulation helps to control the weeds.
Various kinds of agrochemical formulations are developed based upon active ingredients and scope of application thereof. Pesticides for agriculture purpose are available both in the pure form and as well as incorporated into agrochemical formulations, which typically comprise one or more active ingredients (AIs) and additional excipients substances that enhance the effects and facilitate the application thereof, such as carriers, adjuvants or additives. These formulations can be directly applied after being diluted and the spray mixture formed. The formulation type to be used is primarily defined on the basis of physicochemical characteristics of the AI(s) and can be: soluble concentrate (SL), emulsifiable concentrate (EC), emulsion in water (EW), suspension concentrate (SC), suspo-emulsion (SE), micro-emulsion (ME), oil dispersion (OD) or suspension concentrate (SC), dispersible concentrate (DC), capsule suspension (CS), dispersible granules (WG), wettable powder (WP) and others.
The Various types of agrochemical formulations are the result of the existence of a large variety of AIs of different chemical natures. For example, a water soluble AI can be easily included into a water based SL while a high melting, water insoluble AI is commonly found in the form of a EC (Emulsifiable concentrate). For this reason, agrochemical formulations are distinct and can contain different inert components.
In recent years, OD (Oil Dispersion) formulations have been the subject of studies by companies and formulators because of their advantages with respect to the agronomic performance in the field as compared with conventional formulations. Active ingredients (AIs) formulated in different types of formulations usually exhibit different physicochemical characteristics based on type of formulation they are incorporated in. The different performance between them is due to the fact that ODs already contain in their composition oil, such as a mineral or vegetable oil, and emulsifiers, which can act as penetration adjuvants when applied in the field. Penetration adjuvants aid in the absorption of AIs by the plant and, in the case of some conventional formulations, they are used in association with the formulation in the spray mixture, ensuring agronomical effectiveness of the AI. Thus, OD formulations can be deemed “adjuvanted” formulations and do not require additional associated adjuvants to be applied in the field.
Though OD formulation is called as adjuvated formulation it still requires various adjuvants along with formulation excipients. OD formulation presents several challenges in the process of manufacturing and developing stable and effective formulation with choice of proper formulation excipient or adjuvants. To obtain a good and stable formulation over time, optimal formulation additives are required in addition to optimum processes. There were several development and research done in the filed field of formulation development of Oil Dispersion (OD) formulation. Dispersion and activation of active ingredients is the key to the stability of the formulation over time. Solvents or carrier used as a petroleum based or the aromatic solvent we replaced by the solvents in the form of vegetable oils. Vegetable oils application as a formulation excipients in OD formulation further have their own challenges for stable formulation due to stability issue associated with vegetable oil used and corresponding active ingredient. Although various research has been done in formulation development it has got many draw backs as having high dose of active ingredients and thereby maximizing the pesticidal load into the environment. Many OD formulations has less thermal and chemical stability over a broad range of conditions; increases the toxicity hazards to the applicators and thereby decreasing the safety of applicators at the time of handling and spraying the pesticides. Further some OD formulation with less suitable formulation excipients may lead to have less leaf penetration of spray droplets, and increases evaporation loss and minimize the absorption of active ingredients.
Therefore there is further need and scope in the formulation development of the OD formulation comprising one or more active ingredients with better stability profile and increases the synergistic effect of the active ingredients, reduces the toxicity with less introduction of toxic material in environment, which may reduce the dose of the pesticides and eventually produce less chemicals in environment, with better safety profile for contact herbicides.
The Indian Patent 3381/DEL/2015 relates to an agrochemical compositions comprising a pyrimidinyloxybenzoate in a synergistic combination with an aryloxyphenoxypropionate and the methods related thereto. The present invention relates to new herbicidal compositions and methods related thereto. More particularly, the present invention relates to agrochemical compositions, comprising a pyrimidinyloxybenzoate in a synergistic combination with an aryloxyphenoxypropionate and the method of preparation and use thereof as herbicides for the control of weeds in agricultural crops, in particular weeds flora in rice.
CA2097903A1 relates to an herbicidal composition. The present invention relates to a herbicidal composition comprising a triazine derivative and a mixture composed of a particular aryloxyphenoxy herbicide and a particular safener for crop injury as active ingredients and also to a herbicidal composition comprising a triazine derivative and a particular aryloxyphenoxy herbicide as active ingredients.
US5348932A relates to a Synergistic herbicidal composition comprising triazine herbicides and either diclofop or fenoxaprop with fenchlorazole. The present invention relates to a herbicidal composition comprising a triazine derivative and a mixture composed of a particular aryloxyphenoxy herbicide and a particular safener for crop injury as active ingredients and also to a herbicidal composition comprising a triazine derivative and a particular aryloxyphenoxy herbicide as active ingredients.
IN 202011022573 relates to a synergistic herbicidal composition comprising imidazolinone, sulfonylurea and aryloxyphenoxy propionate herbicide. The present invention relates a synergistic herbicidal composition comprising imidazolinone herbicide, a sulfonylurea herbicide and an aryloxyphenoxy propionate herbicide. Particularly, the present invention relates to the herbicidal composition of (A) Imazethapyr or a salt or adduct thereof and (B) Chlorimuron ethyl or a salt or adduct thereof and (C) Clodinafop propargyl or a salt or adduct thereof. More particularly, the present invention relates to a formulation of herbicidal composition and a method for controlling undesired vegetation.
Therefore there is further need to formulate the novel OD formulation which increases the synergistic activities between active ingredients by using the appropriate formulation excipients; enhance the weed control efficiency; reduce the doses of active ingredients and thereby minimizing the pesticidal load into the environment; has thermal and chemical stability over a broad range of conditions; reduces the toxicity hazards to the applicators, i.e. improves the safety of applicators at the time of handling and spraying the pesticides; and improves leaf penetration of spray droplets, retard evaporation loss and enhance the absorption of active ingredients.
There is however a need for improvement of OD formulations. Many times it has been found that single or combination of active ingredients requires a high loading dose for the better results. Further this will create a higher loading of the pesticides in the environment. Further many of the OD formulation recipe is prone to lose stability when exposed to the higher temperature. In addition there are higher chances of formulation applied gets evaporated resulting in the loss of the active ingredients before penetration.
Therefore, one object of the present invention is to provide improved combinations (A) Any one or two herbicide(s) selected from Aryloxyphenoxy-propionic (FOPs) herbicide (B) One or more herbicide selected from the class of herbicides. Another object of the present invention is to provide a method and a composition for controlling harmful weeds.
Further object of the present invention is to provide suitable formulation excipients for the present Oil Dispersion formulation in order to produce stable and synergistic formulation.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a method and a composition for the OD formulation.
Embodiment of the present invention can ameliorate one or more of the above mentioned problems.
Inventors of the present invention have surprisingly found that the novel synergistic mixture of OD formulation for plant treatment comprising of (A) Any one or two herbicide(s) selected from Aryloxyphenoxy-propionic (FOPs) herbicide (B) One or more herbicide selected from the class of herbicides or combination thereof can provide solution to the above mentioned problems.
SUMMARY OF INVENTION:
Therefore an aspect of the present invention provides a synergistic agrochemical Oil Dispersion (OD) composition comprising bioactive amount (A) Any one or two herbicide(s) selected from Aryloxyphenoxy-propionic (FOPs) herbicide; (B) One or more herbicide selected from the class of herbicides or combination thereof; along with formulation excipients.
Further aspect of the present invention is to provide novel agrochemical Oil Dispersion (OD) formulation comprising at least one active ingredient suspended in oil phase shows synergistic activity and stability over wide range of the conditions.
Yet another object of the present synergistic agrochemical Oil Dispersion (OD) composition comprising bioactive amount of (A) any one or two herbicide(s) selected from Aryloxyphenoxy-propionic herbicide is in the range of 1% to 30% w/w; (B) One or more herbicide selected from the class of herbicide is in the range of 1% to 50% w/w or combination thereof that controls harmful weeds.
Further aspect of the present synergistic Oil Dispersion (OD) composition is to provide selection of suitable formulation excipients selected from category of super wetting-spreading-penetrating agent, carrier or solvent, emulsifying agent, dispersing agent, stabilizers, antifoaming agent, preservative, anti-freezing agent and buffering agents.
Another aspect of the present invention is to provide synergistic agrochemical Oil Dispersion (OD) formulation comprising Super Wetting-spreading-penetrating agent- Polyalkyleneoxide modified Heptamethyl trisiloxane (Modified trisiloxane).
Further aspect of the present invention is to provide synergistic agrochemical Oil Dispersion (OD) formulation comprising carrier or solvent selected from pongamia/karanja/karanj (Millettia pinnata/Pongamia pinnata/Pongamia glabra) oil alone or palm (Elaeis spp.) oil (Palm oil and palm kernel oil) alone or mahua (Madhuca longifolia) oil or blend of pongamia oil and palm oil or blend of pongamia oil and mahua oil or blend of pongamia oil and jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis) or blend of palm oil and jojoba oil or blend of pongamia oil and vegetable oil or blend of palm oil and mahua oil or blend of palm oil and jojoba oil or blend of palm oil and vegetable oil or blend of pongamia oil, palm oil and mahua oil or blend of pongamia oil, palm oil and jojoba oil, blend of pongamia oil, palm oil and vegetable oil.
In a further embodiment of the present invention, an Aryloxyphenoxy-propionic (FOPs) herbicide may be selected from clodinafop propargyl, cyhalofop butyl, diclofop methyl, fenoxaprop-P-ethyl, fluazifop-P-butyl, haloxyfop-R-methyl, metamifop, propaquizafop, quizalofop-P-ethyl, quizalofop-P-tefuryl.
In a further embodiment of the present invention, an herbicide safeners are selected from benoxacor, cloquintocet, cloquintocet mexyl, cyprosulfamide, cyometrinil, dicyclonon, dichlormid, dietholate, fenclorim, fenchlorazole, fenchlorazole ethyl, furilazole, fluxofenim, flurazole, isoxadifen, isoxadifen ethyl, mefenpyr, mefenpyr diethyl, mephenate, naphthalic anhydride, oxabetrinil.
In a further embodiment of the present invention, herbicides are selected from Inhibitor of Acetolactate Synthase (ALS) or Acetohydroxy Acid Synthase (AHAS), Inhibitor of microtubule assembly, Synthetic Auxin, Inhibitor of photosynthesis at photosystem II site A, Inhibitor of photosynthesis at photosystem II site B, Inhibitor of photosynthesis at photosystem II site A; different behaviour from group 5, Inhibitor of lipid synthesis; not ACCase inhibition, Inhibitor of 5-enolypyruvyl-shikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS): Glycine, Inhibitor of glutamine synthetase: Phosphonic acid, Inhibitor of phytoene desaturase (PDS), Inhibitor of 1-deoxy-D-xyulose 5-phosphate synthetase (DOXP synthase), Inhibitor of protoporphyrinogen oxidase (Protox, PPO), Mitosis Inhibitor, Inhibitor of 7,8-dihydro-preroate synthetase (DHP), Inhibitor of indoleacetic acid transport, Inhibitor of cell wall synthesis site A, B and C, Inhibition of cellulose synthesis, Photosystem I electron diverter, Membrane disruptor (uncouplers), Inhibitor of Hydroxyphenyl Pyruvate Dioxygenase (4-HPPD), Tyrosine Aminotransferase, Inhibition of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH), HTS (homogentisate solanesyltransferase)-a downstream enzyme of HPPD, VLCAFE inhibitors, Inhibition of lycopene cyclase, Inhibition of Solanesyl Diphosphate Synthase (SDS), Inhibition of serine-threonine protein phosphatase, Herbicide with unknown mode of action.
In a further embodiment of the present invention, herbicide selected from different group of herbicides. The present synergistic agrochemical Oil Dispersion (OD) composition comprising bioactive amount (A) Any one or two herbicide(s) selected from Aryloxyphenoxy-propionic (FOPs) herbicide (B) One or more herbicide selected from the class of herbicides or combination thereof described herein is obtained by a process comprising a step of
a) Preparing the liquid premix by charging the oil or solvent or both followed by adding super wetting-spreading-penetrating agent.
b) The further step is adding the active ingredients into the premixed through milling for the proper size distribution.
c) Further adding the thickening agent followed by stirring the slurry get prepared by milling process to prepare the final formulation.
These agrochemical oil dispersion formulations prepared above can be used in spray mixtures in agriculture.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION:
Formulation technology in the field of an agriculture is now seen as an “enabling technology” which can provide safe and effective products which are convenient to use. It can also modify the toxicity of active ingredients and improve their ability to target a specific pest. At a time when the discovery of new agrochemical compounds is more difficult and certainly a high risk and expensive operation, formulation technology can extent the useful patent life of an active ingredient. It can also provide a competitive edge by improving product quality of existing formulations, or by introducing a new formulation of an active ingredient.
OD formulations are non-aqueous dispersion intended for dilution into water before use, and represent the most complex of the non-aqueous suspension formulations. Oil dispersion (OD) formulations consist of a suspension of a solid technical in oil. The oil also serve as a carrier or solvent for additives. The oil dispersion is usually dispersed in water prior to spraying.
An Oil Dispersion is a non-aqueous suspension concentrate. It combines a very good biological efficacy with an environmental friendly formulation. The active ingredient is dispersed in oils or methylated crop oils.
Oil Dispersion formulation comprises with some features as it comprises no aromatic solvent or reduced amount of aromatic solvent; is non-aqueous formulation; non-flammable and low volatility; higher efficiency.
Oil Dispersion (OD) have several advantages over standard formulations. Emulsifiable Concentrate (ECs) formulations are under a strong regulatory pressure to replace toxic and flammable solvents with a less toxic and non-flammable solutions. The novel ODs meets these needs: the oil content gives a favourable eco-toxicological profile guarantying a very high biological efficacy. Further the novel OD formulations are non-toxic and non-flammable formulations. Over the EC formulation the novel OD formulation is having very high biological efficacy.
Suspension concentrate (SC) formulations are very safe formulations but the aqueous media is normally not ideal to boost the pesticide’s biological efficacy. As an agriculture growers standard practice, tank mix adjuvants are added to guarantee a higher performance. The novel OD, with its oil content, guarantees the best biological results. For water sensitive active ingredients, the novel OD represents the sole technical solution to liquid formulation. The novel OD formulation over SC formulation is very safe formulation along with high biological performance. Further the novel OD formulation is ideal for all the active ingredients not stable in water.
Water dispersible granules (WDG) formulations are very safe but quite expensive. Optimal biological efficacy requires adjuvants. The novel OD, with its oil content and better particle size distribution, combines high efficacy with better cost. The novel OD formulation over WDG has economic significance as having better efficacy at a lower cost.
OD formulation presents several challenges in preparation and manufacturing phase. To obtain a good and stable formulation over time, optimal formulation additives are required in addition to optimum processes. Particular attention must be given to choice of all the formulation excipients. Its dispersion and activation are key to the stability of the formulation over time.
Some important requirement of the formulation excipients are perfectly dispersible in oil, no phase separation, easy milling, with no agglomeration, excellent oil emulsification, stable dilution, good coverage and penetration, even distribution through the whole formulation, provide the right yield value of active ingredients.
Therefore an aspect of the present invention provides a synergistic agrochemical Oil Dispersion (OD) composition comprising bioactive amount (A) Any one or two herbicide(s) selected from Aryloxyphenoxy-propionic (FOPs) herbicide (B) One or more herbicide selected from the class of herbicides or combination thereof.
Further aspect of the present invention is to provide novel agrochemical Oil Dispersion (OD) formulation comprising at least one active ingredient suspended in oil phase shows synergistic activity and stability over wide range of the conditions.
In another preferred embodiment of the invention, synergistic Weed controlled according to the method of the invention.
The term "synergistic", as used herein, refers the combined action of two or more active
agents blended together and administered conjointly that is greater than the sum of their individual effects.
Another embodiment of the present invention is to provide synergistic agrochemical Oil Dispersion (OD) composition comprising possible combinations of Aryloxyphenoxy-propionic ('FOPs') Herbicide + Herbicide; or Aryloxyphenoxy-propionic ('FOPs') Herbicide 1 + Aryloxyphenoxy-propionic ('FOPs') Herbicide 2 + Herbicide; or Aryloxyphenoxy-propionic ('FOPs') Herbicide + Herbicide 1 + Herbicide 2.
In an embodiment present inventors combination of the present invention synergistic agrochemical Oil Dispersion (OD) composition comprising bioactive amount of (A) Any one or two herbicide(s) selected from Aryloxyphenoxy-propionic (FOPs) herbicide (B) One or more herbicide selected from the class of herbicides; or combination thereof. In an embodiment of the present invention, an Aryloxyphenoxy-propionic (FOPs) herbicide may be selected from clodinafop propargyl, cyhalofop butyl, diclofop methyl, fenoxaprop-P-ethyl, fluazifop-P-butyl, haloxyfop-R-methyl, metamifop, propaquizafop, quizalofop-P-ethyl, and quizalofop-P-tefuryl.
In an embodiment present invention, an herbicide safeners are selected from Benoxacor, cloquintocet, cloquintocet mexyl, cyprosulfamide, cyometrinil, dicyclonon, dichlormid, dietholate, fenclorim, fenchlorazole, fenchlorazole ethyl, furilazole, fluxofenim, flurazole, isoxadifen, isoxadifen ethyl, mefenpyr, mefenpyr diethyl, mephenate, naphthalic anhydride, oxabetrinil.
In a further embodiment of the present invention, an herbicide may be selected from Inhibitor of Acetolactate Synthase (ALS) or Acetohydroxy Acid Synthase (AHAS), Inhibitor of microtubule assembly, Synthetic Auxin, Inhibitor of photosynthesis at photosystem II site A, Inhibitor of photosynthesis at photosystem II site B, Inhibitor of photosynthesis at photosystem II site A; different behaviour from group 5, Inhibitor of lipid synthesis; not ACCase inhibition, Inhibitor of 5-enolypyruvyl-shikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS): Glycine, Inhibitor of glutamine synthetase: Phosphonic acid, Inhibitor of phytoene desaturase (PDS), Inhibitor of 1-deoxy-D-xyulose 5-phosphate synthetase (DOXP synthase), Inhibitor of protoporphyrinogen oxidase (Protox, PPO), Mitosis Inhibitor, Inhibitor of 7,8-dihydro-preroate synthetase (DHP), Inhibitor of indoleacetic acid transport, Inhibitor of cell wall synthesis site A, B and C, Inhibition of cellulose synthesis, Photosystem I electron diverter, Membrane disruptor (uncouplers), Inhibitor of Hydroxyphenyl Pyruvate Dioxygenase (4-HPPD), Tyrosine Aminotransferase, Inhibition of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH), HTS (homogentisate solanesyltransferase)-a downstream enzyme of HPPD, VLCAFE inhibitors, Inhibition of lycopene cyclase, Inhibition of Solanesyl Diphosphate Synthase (SDS), Inhibition of serine-threonine protein phosphatase, Herbicide with unknown mode of action.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the class of herbicide Inhibitor of Acetolactate Synthase (ALS) or Acetohydroxy Acid Synthase (AHAS) may be selected from Sulfonylurea: amidosulfuron, azimsulfuron, bensulfuron methyl, chlorimuron ethyl, chlorsulfuron, cinosulfuron, cloransulfuron methyl, cyclosulfamuron, ethametsulfuron methyl, ethoxysulfuron, flazasulfuron, flucetosulfuron, flupyrsulfuron methyl sodium, foramsulfuron, halosulfuron methyl, imazosulfuron, iodosulfuron, mesosulfuron, metazosulfuron, metsulfuron mehtyl, nicosufulfuron, primisulfuron methyl, propyrisulfuron, prosulfuron, pyrazosulfuron ethyl, rimsulfuron, rimsulfuron, sulfometuron methyl, sulfosulfuron, thifensulfuron-methyl, triasulfuron, tribenuron methyl, trifloxysulfuron, triflusulfuron methyl; Pyrimidinyl benzoate: bispyribac-sodium, pyribenzoxim, pyrithiobac sodium; Triazolopyrimidine: cloransulam-methyl, diclosulam, florasulam, flumetsulam, penoxsulam, pyroxsulam; Triazolinone-flucarbazone-sodium, propoxycarbazone-sodium, thiencarbazone-methyl; Imidazolinone: imazamethabenz methyl, Imazamox, imazapic, imazapyr, imazaquin, imazethapyr; Sulfonanilides: triafamone, pyrimisulfan.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the class of herbicide Inhibitor of microtubule assembly may be selected from Dinitroaniline: benefin, trifluralin, ethafluralin, oryzalin, pendimethalin, prodiamine; Benzoic acid: DCPA; Pyridine: dithiopyr, thiazopyr; Benzamide: pronamide.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the class of herbicide Synthetic Auxin may be selected from Phenoxy carboxylic acid: 2,4-D, 2,4-DB, dichloroprop, MCPA, MCPB, mecoprop; Pyrimidine carboxylic acid: aminocyclopyrachlor; Pyridine carboxylic acid: aminopyralid, lopyralid, florpyrauxifen benzyl, fluroxypyr, picloram, triclopyr; Benzoic acid: dicamba; Quinoline carboxylic acid: quinclorac; Other: halauxifen methyl.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the class of herbicide Inhibitor of photosynthesis at photosystem II site A may be selected from Phenyl carbamate: desmedipham, phenmedipham; Pyridazinone: pyrazon; Triazine: ametryn, atrazine, cyanazine, desmetryn, prometon, prometryn, propazine, simazine, simetryn, terbumeton, terbuthylazine, trietazine; Triazinone: hexazinone, metamitron, metribuzin; Triazolinone: amicarbazone; Urea: metoxuron; Uracil: bromacil, terbacil.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the class of herbicide Inhibitor of photosynthesis at photosystem II site B may be selected from Benzothiadiazinone: bentazone; Nitrile: bromoxynil, ioxynil; Phenyl-pyridazine: pyridate.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the class of herbicide Inhibitor of lipid synthesis; not ACCase inhibition may be selected from Benzofuran: ethofumesate; Phosphorodithioate: bensulie; Thiocarbamate: butylate, cycloate, EPTC, esprocarb, molinate, pebulate, prosulfocarb, thiobencarb, triallate, vernolate.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the class of herbicide Inhibitor of 5-enolypyruvyl-shikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) may be selected from Glycine: Glyphosate.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the class of herbicide Inhibitor of glutamine synthetase may be selected from Phosphonic acid: glufosinate.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the class of herbicide Inhibitor of phytoene desaturase (PDS) may be selected from Pyridinecarboxamide diflufenican, picolinafen; Pyridazinone: norflurazon; others: beflubutamid, fluridone, flurochloridone, flurtamone.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the class of herbicide Inhibitor of 1-deoxy-D-xyulose 5-phosphate synthatase (DOXP synthase) may be selected from Isoxazolidinone: clomazone.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the class of herbicide Inhibitor of protoporphyrinogen oxidase (Protox, PPO) may be selected from Dipheylether: aclifluorfen, bifenox, fluoroglycofen, fomesafen, lactofen, oxyfluorfen; Triazolinone: azafenidin, carfentrazone-ethyl,flufenpyr-ethyl, sulfentrazone; Pyrimidinedione: butafenacil, saflufenacil; N-phenylphthalimide: flumiclorac, flumioxazin; N-Phenyl-imide: trifludimoxazin; Thiadiazole: fluthiacet-methyl; Oxadiazole: oxadiargyl, oxadiazon; Phenylpyrazole: pyraflufen-ethyl, Other:pyraclonil;Uracil: tiafenacil; Pyrazole: cyclopyranil.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the class of herbicide Mitosis Inhibitor may be selected from Chloroacetamide: acetochlor, alachlor, butachlor, dimethenamid, metazachlor, pretilachlor, propachlor, S-metolachlor, thenylchlor; Tetrazolinone: fentrazamide; Oxyacetamide: flufenacet, mefenacet; Acetamide: napropamide; Other: anilofos; Carbamate: carbetamide.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the class of herbicide Inhibitor of 7, 8-dihydro-preroate synthetase (DHP) may be selected from Carbamate: asulam.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the class of herbicide Inhibitor of indoleacetic acid transport may be selected from Phthalamate semicarbazone: diflufenzopyr, naptalam.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the class of herbicide Inhibitor of cell wall synthesis may be selected from site A: Nitrile: dichlobenil; site B: Benzamide: isoxaben; site C: Alkylazines: indaziflam, triaziflam.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the class of herbicide Inhibition of cellulose synthesis may be selected from Triazolocarboxamide: flupoxam; nitriles: dichlobenil, chlorthiamide.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the class of herbicide Photosystem I electron diverter may be selected from Pyridiniums: cyperquat, diquat, morfamquat, paraquat.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the class of herbicide Membrane disruptor (uncouplers) may be selected from Dinitrophenol: dinoterb.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the class of herbicide Inhibitor of Hydroxyphenyl Pyruvate Dioxygenase (4-HPPD) may be selected from Pyrazole: bipyrazone, cypyrafluone, fenpyrazone, tripyrasulfone, benzofenap, pyrasulfotole, pyrazolynate, pyrazoxyfen, tolpyralate; Benzoylbicyclooctanedione: benzobicyclon; Triketone: mesotrione, tembotrione, sulcotrione, tefuryltrione, fenquinotrione, lancotrione sodium, benquitrione, dioxopyritrione; Isoxazoles: isoxaflutole; bicyclo ring compound: bicyclopyrone; Others: topramezone, rimisoxafen.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the class of herbicide Tyrosine Aminotransferase may be selected from cinmethylin, methiozolin.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the class of herbicide Inhibition of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) may be selected from tetflupyrolimet.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the class of herbicide HTS (homogentisate solanesyltransferase)-a downstream enzyme of HPPD may be selected from cyclopyrimorate.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the class of herbicide Very Long Chain Fatty Acid Inhibitors may be selected from Isoxazoline: pyroxasulfone, fenoxasulfone; Triazolinone: ipfencarbazone; Trifluoromethansulfonanilides: dimesulfazet.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the class of herbicide Inhibition of lycopene cyclase may be selected from amitrole.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the class of herbicide Inhibition of Solanesyl Diphosphate Synthase (SDS) may be selected from aclonifen.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the class of herbicide Inhibition of serine-threonine protein phosphatase may be selected from endothall.
In an embodiment of the present invention, Herbicide with unknown mode of action may be selected from bromobutide, pelargonic acid, diphenamid, naproanilide, napropamide, copper (salt), epyrifenacil, bixlozone, dietholate, dicyclonon, naphthalic anhydride, mephenate, flurazole, cyometrinil.
In an embodiment of the present invention is to provide synergistic agrochemical Oil Dispersion (OD) formulation comprising formulation excipients from the category of Super Wetting-spreading-penetrating agent, Solvent, emulsifying agent, dispersing agent, stabilizers, antifoaming agent, preservative, anti-freezing agent and buffering agents.
In an embodiment Super Wetting-spreading-penetrating agent for the present Oil Dispersion formulation is Polyalkyleneoxide modified Heptamethyl trisiloxane (Modified trisiloxane).
In an embodiment solvent is selected form pongamia/karanja/karanj (Millettia pinnata/Pongamia pinnata/Pongamia glabra) oil alone or Palm (Elaeis spp.) oil (Palm oil and palm kernel oil) alone or Mahua (Madhuca longifolia) oil or blend of pongamia oil and palm oil or blend of pongamia oil and mahua oil or blend of pongamia oil and jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis) or blend of palm oil and jojoba oil or blend of pongamia oil and vegetable oil or blend of palm oil and mahua oil or blend of palm oil and jojoba oil or blend of palm oil and vegetable oil or blend of pongamia oil, palm oil and mahua oil or blend of pongamia oil, palm oil and jojoba oil, blend of pongamia oil, palm oil and vegetable oil.
The vegetable oil may be any one or mixture of two or more selected from soybean (Glycine max) oil, groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) oil, rapeseed (Brassica napus subspecies) oil, mustard (Brassica juncea) oil, sesame (Sesamum indicum) oil, corn (Zea mays) oil, rice (Oryza sativa) bran oil, castor (Ricinum communis) seed oil, cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) seed oil, linseed (Linum usitatissimum), coconut (Cocos nucifera) oil, sunflower (Helianthus annuus) oil, safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) seed oil, eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus) oil, olive (Olea europaea) oil, jatropha (Jatropha curcas) oil, kapok (Ceiba pentandra) oil, papaya (Carica papaya) seed oil, tea seed (Camellia oleifera) oil, garlic acid (Allium sativum), ginger oil (Zingiber officinale), d-limonene, citronella oil or ceylon ironwood (Mesua ferrea) oil.
Preferably solvent for the present formulation is selected from pongamia oil, palm oil, mahua oil, jojoba oil, vegetable oil and their mixtures may be alkylated or ethoxylated or epoxylated or esterified. Examples methyl ester of pongamia oil, methyl ester of palm oil, methyl ester of pongamia oil and palm oil, methyl ester of pongamia oil and mahua oil, methyl ester of pongamia oil and jojoba oil, methyl ester of pongamia oil and vegetable oil, methyl ester of palm oil and mahua oil, methyl ester of palm oil and jojoba oil, methyl ester of palm oil and vegetable oil, methyl ester of pongamia oil+palm oil+vegetable oil etc.
In an embodiment Emulsifier used herein for present Oil Dispersion (OD) formulation is selected from castor oil ethoxylates, alcohol ethoxylates, fatty acid ethoxylates, sorbitan ester ethoxylates, sulphosuccinate, calcium salts of dodecylbenzene sulphonate, alkylammonium salts of alkylbenzene sulphonate, alkylsulphosuccinate salts, ethylene oxide-propylene oxide block copolymers, ethoxylated alkylamines, octylphenol ethoxylate, ethoxylated alkyl phenols, ethoxylated sorbitol oleates, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate etc.
In an embodiment Dispersing agent used herein for present Oil Dispersion (OD) formulation is selected from Preparation of condensed naphthalene sulfonate, Propoxylated Ethoxylated copolymer monoalkylether (ethylhexanol), alkyl sulfonates, alkyl benzene sulfonates, alkyl aryl sulfonates, alkylphenolalkoxylates, tristyrylphenol ethoxylates, natural or synthetic fatty ethoxylate alcohols, natural or synthetic fatty acid alkoxylates, natural or synthetic fatty alcohols alkoxylates, alkoxylated alcohols (such as n-butyl alcohol poly glycol ether), block copolymers (such as ethylene oxide-propylene oxide block copolymers and ethylene oxide-butylene oxide block copolymers), fatty acid-polyalkylene glycol condensates, polyamine-fatty acid condensates, polyester condensates, salts of polyolefin condensates, sodium ligno sulfonate, sodium polycarboxylate, EO/PO based copolymer, phenol sulfonate, sodium methyl oleoyl taurate, styrene acrylic acid copolymer, propyleneoxide-ethyleneoxide-copolymer, polyethylene glycol 2,4,6-tristyrylphenyl ether, tristyrylphenol-polyglycolether-phosphate, tristyrylphenole with 16 moles EO, tristyrylphenol-polyglycolether-phosphate, oleyl-polyglycolether with ethylene oxide, tallow fattyamine polyethylene oxide, nonylphenol polyglycolether with 9-10 moles ethylene oxide.
In an embodiment Stabilizers used herein for present Oil Dispersion (OD) formulation is selected from hectorite clay, aluminium magnesium silicate, bentonite clay, silica, attapulgite clay.
In an embodiment Antifoaming agent used herein for present Oil Dispersion (OD) formulation is selected from silicone oil, silicone compound, C10~C20 saturated fat acid compounds or C8~C10 aliphatic alcohols compound, silicone antifoam emulsion, dimethylsiloxane, polydimethyl siloxane etc.
In an embodiment Anti-freezing agent used herein for present Oil Dispersion (OD) formulation is selected from ethylene glycol, propane diols, glycerine or the urea, glycol (Monoethylene glycol, Diethylene glycol, Polypropylene glycol, Polyethylene glycol), glycerine, urea, magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, sodium chloride etc;
In an embodiment Preservative used herein for present Oil Dispersion (OD) formulation is selected from 1, 2-benzisothiazolin-3(2H)-one, sodium salt, sodium benzoate, 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1, 3-diol, formaldehyde, sodium o-phenylphenate, 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one & 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, Butyl hydroxyl toluene.
In an embodiment Buffering agent used herein for present Oil Dispersion (OD) formulation is selected from Citric acid, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sulphuric acid, hydrochloric acid, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, acetic acid, sorbic acid.
In an embodiment Polar Cosolvent (optionally) used herein for present Oil Dispersion (OD) formulation is selected from cyclohexanone, acetophenone, butanol, n-octanol, n-propanol, 1-hexanol, propylene carbonate, n-methyl-2-pyrrolidone.
The synergistic agrochemical Oil Dispersion (OD) composition comprising bioactive amount of (A) Any one or two herbicide(s) selected from Aryloxyphenoxy-propionic (FOPs) herbicide (B) One or more herbicide selected from the class of herbicides; or combination thereof. The present invention used to controls all kind of monocots, dicots and sedges weeds. The present invention also controls annual and perennial weeds. The most common weeds controlled by present inventions are Abutilon indicum, Acalypha indica, Acanthospermum hispidum, Achyranthes aspera, Aerva tomentosa, Ageratum conyzoides, Alhagi camelorum, Amaranthus hybridus, Amaranthus spinosus, Amaranthus viridis, Ammannia baccifera, Anagallis arvensis, Argemone mexicana, Artemisia nilagiricia, Asphodelus tenuifolius, Avena fatua, Avena ludoviciana, Bidens pilosa, Boerhaavia diffusa, Boerhavia repanda, Brachiaria mutica, Brassica kaber, Bromus tectorum, Calotropis gigantea, Cannabis sativa, Carthamus axyacantha, Cassia tora, Celosia argentea, Centella asiatica, Chenopodium album, Chenopodium murale, Chloris barbata, Chrozophora rottlerii, Cichorium intybus, Cirsium arvense, Clitoria ternatea, Cnicus arvensis, Commelina benghalensis, Commelina communis, Convolvulus arvensis, Conyza canadensis, Corchorus acutangulus, Coronopus didymus, Crotalaria serice, Cucumis callosus, Cuscuta campestris, Cuscuta chinensis, Cynodon dactylon, Cyanotis axillaris, Cyperus esculenthus, Cyperus iria, Cyperus rotundus, Dactyloctenium aegyptium, Datura stramonium, Daucus carota, Digera arvensis, Digitaria sanguinalis, Dinebra retroflexa, Echinochola colonum, Echinochola crusgalli, Eclipta alba, Eichhornia crassipes, Elephantopus scaber, Eleusine indica, Eragrostis major, Euphorbia geniculata, Euphorbia hirta, Fimbristylis miliacea, Fumaria indica, Gynandropsis gynandra, Heliotropium indicum, Indigofera glandulosa, Ipomea aquatica, Lantana camara, Lathyrus aphaca, Launaea asplenifolia, Launaea nudicaulis, Leucas aspera, Ludwigia parviflora, Marsilea quadrifoliata, Medicago denticulate, Mimosa pudica, Melilotus alba, Melilotus indica, Ocimum canum, Oenothera biennis, Opuntia dillenil, Orobanche ramosa, Oryza longistaminata, Oryza sativa, Oxalis corniculata, Oxalis latifolia, Parthenium hysterophorus, Paspalum sanguinale, Phalaris minor, Phyllanthus niruri, Physalis minima, Polypogon monspeliensis, Portulaca oleracea, Prosopis juliflora, Rumex dentatus, Saccharum spontaneum, Scirpus spp., Stearia glauca, Seteria viridis, Sida spinosa, Silene antirrhina, Sisymbrium irio, Solanum nigrum, Solanum surattense, Sonchus oleraceous, Sorghum halepense, Spergula arvensis, Sphenocleazeylanica Gaertn, Striga asiatica, Tagetes minuta, Trianthema monogyna, Trianthema portulacastrum, Tribulus terrestris, Trigonelia polycerata, Vernonia cinerea, Vicia sativa and Xanthium strumarium.
The present inventors believe that the combination of the present invention synergistic agrochemical Oil Dispersion (OD) composition comprising bioactive amount of (A) Any one or two herbicide(s) selected from Aryloxyphenoxy-propionic (FOPs) herbicide (B) One or more herbicide selected from the class of herbicides; or combination thereof. . The combination of the present invention allows for a broad spectrum of insect-pest and diseases control and has surprisingly improved plant vigour and yield. The broad spectrum of the present combination also provides a solution for preventing the development of resistance.
The synergistic agrochemical mixture has very advantageous curative, preventive and systemic pesticidal properties for protecting cultivated plants. As has been mentioned, said active ingredient composition can be used to inhibit or destroy the insect-pests and fungal and bacterial diseases that occur on plants or parts of plants of useful crops. The synergistic agrochemical composition of specific active ingredient has the special advantage of being highly active against insect pests and fungal and bacterial diseases that mostly occur on plant parts.
Novel OD formulation comprising aryloxyphenoxy-propionic herbicide deployed to control unwanted vegetation on crop and non-crop lands. Examples of the crops on which the present compositions may be applied include GMO (Genetically Modified Organism) and Non GMO traits, hybrids and conventional varieties of Cotton (Gossypium spp.), Paddy (Oryza sativa), Wheat (Triticum aestavum), Barley (Hordeum vulgare), Maize (Zea mays), Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), Oat (Avena sativa), Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum), Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum), Sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris), Soybean (Glycin max), Groundnut/Peanut (Arachis hypogaea), Sunflower (Helianthus annuus), Mustard (Brassica juncea), Rape seed (Brassica napus), Sesame (Sesamum indicum), Green gram (Vigna radiata), Black gram (Vigna mungo), Chickpea (Cicer aritinum), Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata), Red gram (Cajanus cajan), French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), Indian bean (Lablab purpureus), Horse gram (Macrotyloma uniflorum), Field pea (Pisum sativum), Cluster bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba), Lentils (Lens culinaris), Brinjal (Solanum melongena), Cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata), Cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis), Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus), Onion (Allium cepa L.), Tomato (Solanum lycopersicun), Potato (Solanum tuberosum), Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas), Chilly (Capsicum annum), Bell pepper (Capsicum annum), Garlic (Allium sativum), Cucumber (Cucumis sativus), Muskmelons (Cucumis melo), Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus), Bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria), Bitter gourd (Momordica charantia), Radish (Raphanus sativus), Carrot (Dacus carota subsp. sativus), Turnip (Brassica rapa rapa), Apple (Melus domestica), Banana (Musa spp.), Citrus groups (Citrus spp.), Grape (Vitis vinifera), Guava (Psidium guajava), Mango (Mangifera indica), Papaya (Carica papaya), Pineapple (Ananas comosus), Pomegranate (Punica granatum), Sapota (Manilkara zapota), Tea (Camellia sinensis), Coffea (Coffea Arabica), Turmeric (Curcuma longa), Ginger (Zingiber officinale), Cumin (Cuminum cyminum), Black Pepper (Piper nigrum), Mentha ( Mentha spp.), Rose (Rosa spp.), Jasmine (Jasminum spp.), Marigold ( Tagetes spp.), Common daisy (Bellis perennis), Dahlia (Dahlia hortnesis), Gerbera ( Gerbera jamesonii), Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus).
Crops are to be understood as also including those crops which have been rendered tolerant to herbicides or classes of herbicides (e.g. ALS-, GS-, EPSPS-, PPO-, ACCase- and HPPD-inhibitors) by conventional methods of breeding or by genetic engineering. An example of a crop that has been rendered tolerant to imidazolinones, e.g. imazamox, by conventional methods of breeding is Clearfield® summer rape (canola). Examples of crops that have been rendered tolerant to herbicides by genetic engineering methods include e.g. glyphosate- and glufosinate-resistant maize varieties commercially available under the trade names RoundupReady® and LibertyLink®.
Crops are also to be understood as being those which have been rendered resistant to harmful insects by genetic engineering methods, for example Bt maize (resistant to European corn borer), Bt cotton (resistant to cotton boll weevil) and also Bt potatoes (resistant to Colorado beetle). Examples of Bt maize are the Bt 176 maize hybrids of NK® (Syngenta Seeds). The Bt toxin is a protein that is formed naturally by Bacillus thuringiensis soil bacteria. Examples of toxins, or transgenic plants able to synthesise such toxins, are described in EP-A-451 878, EP-A-374 753, WO 93/07278, WO 95/34656, WO 03/052073 and EP-A-427 529. Examples of transgenic plants comprising one or more genes that code for an insecticidal resistance and express one or more toxins are KnockOut® (maize), Yield Gard® (maize), NuCOTIN33B® (cotton), Bollgard® (cotton), NewLeaf® (potatoes), NatureGard® and Protexcta®. Plant crops or seed material thereof can be both resistant to herbicides and, at the same time, resistant to insect feeding (“stacked” transgenic events). For example, seed can have the ability to express an insecticidal Cry3 protein while at the same time being tolerant to glyphosate.
Crops are also to be understood to include those which are obtained by conventional methods of breeding or genetic engineering and contain so-called output traits (e.g. improved storage stability, higher nutritional value and improved flavour).
Other useful plants include turf grass for example in golf-courses, lawns, parks and roadsides, or grown commercially for sod, and ornamental plants such as flowers or bushes.
The present OD (Oil Dispersion) formulation comprising bioactive amount of (A) Any one or two herbicide(s) selected from Aryloxyphenoxy-propionic (FOPs) herbicide (B) One or more herbicide selected from the class of herbicides; or combination thereof provides. Benefits of OD formulation containing Aryloxyphenoxy-propionic (FOPs) Herbicide:
• Novel OD formulation improve penetration of spray droplets, retard evaporation loss and enhance the absorption of active ingredients into weed leaves.
• Increases spreading properties on leaf surfaces, better wetting of waxy leaf surfaces of some weeds so it accelerate the speed of kill and enhances the efficacy against tough to kill weeds.
• Improves rain fast properties which is very much essential during rainy season to ensure the efficacy of applied herbicide.
• Increases the synergistic activities between active ingredients
• With the novel OD formulation, we can reduce the doses of active ingredients and thereby minimizing the pesticidal load into the environment.
• Novel OD formulations are without aromatic solvent, so its safe to the applicator and reducing the loading of aromatic solvent into the environment.
• Novel OD formulation ensure better crop safety as it is without aromatic solvent.
• Due to High flash point (smoke points) of Pongamia (>220 °C), Palm oil (>240 °C), Jojoba oil (>290 °C), mahua oil (> 230 °C), vegetable oil (> 200 °C), the novel recipe of OD formulations are more stable and safer for storage at elevated temperature.
• The novel OD formulations has thermal and chemical stability over a broad range of conditions.
• The novel OD formulations has better pourability, so it will minimize the wastage.
• The novel OD formulations are stable with wider pH range.
• With the innovative OD formulation, we can reduces the toxicity hazards to the applicators, i.e. improves the safety of applicators at the time of handling and spraying the herbicides.
The process for preparing the present synergistic oil dispersion formulation can be modified accordingly by any person skilled in the art based on the knowledge of manufacturing the formulation. However, all such variations and modifications are covered by the scope of the present invention.
The composition of the present invention in addition to bioactive amounts of active ingredients further comprises inactive excipients including but not limited to Super Wetting-spreading-penetrating agent, carrier or solvent, dispersant or dispersing agent, emulsifying agent, anti-freezing agent, anti-foam agent, preservatives and buffering agent.
Examples of super wetting-spreading-penetrating agent used herein for present OD (Oil Dispersion) formulation include but not limited to Polyalkyleneoxide modified Heptamethyl trisiloxane (Modified trisiloxane).
Polyalkyleneoxide modified heptamethyltrisiloxane: Polyalkyleneoxide modified heptamethyltrisiloxane can improve the penetration effect of pesticides and reduce the spray volume. It is used in the fields of pesticides, herbicides, insecticides, acaricides, fungicides, plant growth regulating agents, and other aspects. (Polyalkyleneoxide modified heptamethyltrisiloxane, a registered product of GE Silicones)

Molecular formula: (C2H4O)n•C11H30O3Si3
Examples of carrier or solvents used herein for present Oil dispersion (OD) formulation include but not limited to pongamia/karanja/karanj (Millettia pinnata/Pongamia pinnata/Pongamia glabra) oil alone or palm (Elaeis spp.) oil (Palm oil and palm kernel oil) alone or mahua (Madhuca longifolia) oil alone or blend of pongamia oil and palm oil or blend of pongamia oil and mahua oil or blend of pongamia oil and jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis) or blend of palm oil and jojoba oil or blend of pongamia oil and vegetable oil or blend of palm oil and mahua oil or blend of palm oil and jojoba oil or blend of palm oil and vegetable oil or blend of pongamia oil, palm oil and mahua oil or blend of pongamia oil, palm oil and jojoba oil, blend of pongamia oil, palm oil and vegetable oil. The vegetable oil may be any one or mixture of two or more selected from soybean (Glycine max) oil, groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) oil, rapeseed (Brassica napus subspecies) oil, mustard (Brassica juncea) oil, sesame (Sesamum indicum) oil, corn (Zea mays) oil, rice (Oryza sativa) bran oil, castor (Ricinum communis) seed oil, cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) seed oil, linseed (Linum usitatissimum), coconut (Cocos nucifera) oil, sunflower (Helianthus annuus) oil, safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) seed oil, eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus) oil, olive (Olea europaea) oil, jatropha (Jatropha curcas) oil, kapok (Ceiba pentandra) oil, papaya (Carica papaya) seed oil, tea seed (Camellia oleifera) oil, garlic acid (Allium sativum), ginger oil (Zingiber officinale), d-limonene, citronella oil or ceylon ironwood (Mesua ferrea) oil.
All the solvents or combination or blend thereof, used hereby for the present OD formulation may be present in their alkylated or ethoxylated or epoxylated or esterified form. Examples include methyl ester of karanj oil, methyl ester of palm oil, methyl ester of mahua oil, methyl ester of karanj oil and palm oil, methyl ester of karanj oil and mahua oil, methyl ester of karanj oil and soybean oil etc.
All the said oils used as a carrier or diluent are procured from the vendor.
Pongamia oil is derived from the seeds of the Millettia pinnata tree, which is native to tropical and temperate Asia. Millettia pinnata, also known as Pongamia pinnata or Pongamia glabra, is common throughout Asia and thus has many different names in different languages, many of which have come to be used in English to describe the seed oil derived from M. pinnata; Pongamia is often used as the generic name for the tree and is derived from the genus the tree was originally placed in. Other names for this oil include honge oil, kanuga oil, karanja oil, and pungai oil.
Pongamia oil is extracted from the seeds by expeller pressing, cold pressing, or solvent extraction. The oil is yellowish-orange to brown in colour. It has a high content of triglycerides, and its disagreeable taste and odour are due to bitter flavonoid constituents including karanjin, pongamol, tannin and karanjachromene. The physical properties of crude pongamia oil are as flash point of the pongamia oil is 225°C.
Its fruits are used in abdominal remedies. Its seeds are used in tumor treatment. Oil is used for curing rheumatism. Leaves are used against Micrococcus. Their leaves juices are used for the treatment of diarrhea cold and cough. It has curative effect for leucoderma and itches. Its oil is used as a lubricant, water paint binder. Utilization of Seed Cake as a Manure for having the proper N, P & K content and ratio. As a material for biogas (Methane) production. As a Material for Producing Proteins for Food, Pharmaceutical and Industrial Applications by Chemical and Biochemical Technologies. Production of Soluble Fibers for Food Uses.
It is medium sized tree. The oil content varies from 27- 39%.Its cake is used as pesticide and fertilizer. The deoiled cake when applied to soil, has pesticidal value, especially against nematodes and also helps in improving soil fertility. Karanja is often planted in home steads as a shade or ornamental tree and in avenue planting along roadside and canals. It is preferred species help in controlling soil erosion and binding sand dunes due to its dense network of lateral roots.
The persistence of karanj is greater than other tested botanical insecticides. The dosages at 1 and 2% of karanj oil give better control of insect pests compared with lower concentrations. Karanj oil and karanjin shows greater biological activity than other karanj extracts. The karanj oil shows good synergistic effect with a number of chemical insecticides. Therefore, karanj has great potential to be used as biopesticide because of its antifeedant; oviposition deterrent, ovicidal, roachicidal, juvenile hormone activity and insecticidal properties against a wide range of insect pests [Mukesh Kumar a & Ram Singh, Department of Entomology, Potential of Pongamia glabra Vent as an Insecticide of Plant Origin, CCS Haryana, Agricultural University, Hisar, 125 004, India, Published online: 24 Apr 2012].
Botanical pesticides are also very potent insecticides and, due to their composition, they can help to fight the global problem of insects developing resistance to insecticides. Insecticides based on karanja oil shows efficiency against L. decemlineata larvae at different concentrations [ Katerina Kovarikova and Roman Pavela; United Forces of Botanical Oils: Efficacy of Neem and Karanja Oil against Colorado Potato Beetle under Laboratory Conditions; Plants 2019, 8, 608; doi:10.3390/plants8120608].
The karanja (Pongamia pinnata) seeds can be used as a potential source of oil and protein which can be used for the development of bioactive chemicals by some chemical modifications. These chemicals are biodegradable, environment friendly, and available in sufficient quantities as cheap raw material and can be effectively used for the development of eco-friendly lead molecules in pesticidal formulations for the management of fungal pathogens of agriculture as well as forests. [Neelu Singh and R. K. Verma Tropical Forest Research Institute, Jabalpur-482021, Madhya Pradesh, India]
Pongamia pinnata extract of leaves, barks, root and seeds possessed antifeedant activity and insecticides, anti-inflammatory activity, antiplasmodial properties. Simin et al., (2001) reported methanolic extracts of the seeds of Pongamia pinnata possessed antibacterial and phytotoxicity properties. Muruganandan et al., (2000) reported the extracts of Pongamia pinnata seeds were used for anti-inflammatory activity. Kurkure et al., (2001) studied Pongamia pinnata stem bark therapeutically as an antiseptic in skin diseases and for its wound healing properties. [Digamber R. More; Department of Botany, L.B.S.College, Dharmabad. Nanded. 431809 Maharashtra, India, Mirza M. Vaseem Baig; Department of Botany, Yeshwant Mahavidyalaya, Nanded. 431602 Maharashtra, India]
Palm oil is an edible vegetable oil derived from the mesocarp (reddish pulp) of the fruit of the oil palms, primarily the African oil palm Elaeis guineensis, and to a lesser extent from the American oil palm Elaeis oleifera and the maripa palm Attalea maripa.
The use of palm oil in food and beauty products has attracted the concern of environmental groups; the high oil yield of the trees has encouraged wider cultivation, leading to the clearing of forests in parts of Indonesia and Malaysia to make space for oil-palm monoculture. This has resulted in significant acreage losses of the natural habitat of the three surviving species of orangutan. One species in particular, the Sumatran orangutan, has been listed as critically endangered.
PME (Palm-based Methyl Esters) as carrier solvents appear to enhance pesticide efficacy, which may allow for a reduction in dosage or frequency of application, help to control adverse effects and reduce the cost spent on pesticides. Therefore, PME as a carrier solvent in pesticide formulations is a promising prospect for the agrochemical industry [ Sumaiyah Megat Nabil Mohsin; Ismail Ab Raman; Zafarizal Aldrin Azizul Hasan and Zainab Idris; Palm-based Methyl Esters as Carrier Solvents in Pesticide Formulations, Technical Report, January 2018, Page no. 32-38].
Jojoba oil is the liquid produced in the seed of the Simmondsia chinensis (jojoba) plant, a shrub, which is native to southern Arizona, southern California, and north-western Mexico. The oil makes up approximately 50% of the jojoba seed by weight. The terms "jojoba oil" and "jojoba wax" are often used interchangeably because the wax visually appears to be a mobile oil, but as a wax it is composed almost entirely (~97%) of mono-esters of long-chain fatty acids and alcohols (wax ester), accompanied by only a tiny fraction of triglyceride esters. This composition accounts for its extreme shelf-life stability and extraordinary resistance to high temperatures, compared with true vegetable oils.
The vegetable Oil for preparing blend with karanj oil or palm oil or jojoba oil used herein as solvent or carrier for present Oil dispersion (OD) formulation include but not limited to any one or mixture of two or more selected from soybean (Glycine max) oil, groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) oil, rapeseed (Brassica napus subspecies) oil, mustard (Brassica juncea) oil, sesame (Sesamum indicum) oil, corn (Zea mays) oil, rice (Oryza sativa) bran oil, castor (Ricinum communis) seed oil, cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) seed oil, linseed (Linum usitatissimum), coconut (Cocos nucifera) oil, sunflower (Helianthus annuus) oil, safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) seed oil, eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus) oil, olive (Olea europaea) oil, jatropha (Jatropha curcas) oil, kapok (Ceiba pentandra) oil, papaya (Carica papaya) seed oil, tea seed (Camellia oleifera) oil, garlic acid (Allium sativum), ginger oil (Zingiber officinale), d-limonene, citronella oil or ceylon ironwood (Mesua ferrea) oil.
Examples of buffering agent used herein for present Oil dispersion (OD) formulation is selected Citric acid, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sulphuric acid, hydrochloric acid, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, acetic acid, sorbic acid.
A dispersant or a dispersing agent is a substance which adsorbs onto the surface of particles and helps to preserve the state of dispersion of the particles and prevents them from re-aggregating. Examples of dispersing agent used herein for used herein for present OD (Oil Dispersion) formulation include but not limited to preparation of condensed naphthalene sulfonate, propoxylated Ethoxylated copolymer monoalkylether (ethylhexanol), alkyl sulfonates, alkyl benzene sulfonates, alkyl aryl sulfonates, alkylphenolalkoxylates, tristyrylphenol ethoxylates, natural or synthetic fatty ethoxylate alcohols, natural or synthetic fatty acid alkoxylates, natural or synthetic fatty alcohols alkoxylates, alkoxylated alcohols (such as n-butyl alcohol poly glycol ether), block copolymers (such as ethylene oxide-propylene oxide block copolymers and ethylene oxide-butylene oxide block copolymers), fatty acid-polyalkylene glycol condensates, polyamine-fatty acid condensates, polyester condensates, salts of polyolefin condensates, sodium ligno sulfonate, sodium ploycarboxylate, EO/PO based copolymer, phenol sulfonate, sodium methyl oleoyl taurate, styrene acrylic acid copolymer, propyleneoxide-ethyleneoxide-copolymer, polyethylene glycol 2,4,6-tristyrylphenyl ether, tristyrylphenol-polyglycolether-phosphate, tristyrylphenole with 16 moles EO, tristyrylphenol-polyglycolether-phosphate, oleyl-polyglycolether with ethylene oxide, tallow fattyamine polyethylene oxide, nonylphenol polyglycolether with 9-10 moles ethylene oxide.
Antifoaming agent for the present formulation is selected from various compounds and selectively used according to the formulation. Generally, there are two types of antifoam agents, namely silicones and non-silicones. Silicones are usually aqueous emulsions of dimethyl poly siloxane while the non-silicone anti-foam agents are water- insoluble oils, such as octanol and nonanol, or silica. In both cases, the function of the anti-foam agent is to displace the surfactant from the air-water interface.
Examples of Antifoaming agent used herein for present Oil dispersion (OD) formulation include but not limited to silicone oil, silicone compound, C10~C20 saturated fat acid compounds or C8~C10 aliphatic alcohols compound, silicone antifoam emulsion, dimethyl siloxane, poly dimethyl siloxane, vegetable oil based antifoam, tallow based fatty acids, polyalkylene oxide modified polydimethylsiloxane.
Examples of Anti-freezing agent used herein for present Oil dispersion (OD) formulation include but not limited ethylene glycol, propane diols, glycerine or the urea, glycol (Monoethylene glycol, Diethylene glycol, Polypropylene glycol, Polyethylene glycol), glycerine, urea, magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, sodium chloride.
Preservative used herein for the present Oil dispersion (OD) formulation include but not limited to 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3(2H)-one, sodium salt, sodium benzoate, 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol, formaldehyde, sodium o-phenylphenate, 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one & 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, Butyl hydroxyl toluene.
Emulsifying agent used herein for the present Oil dispersion (OD) formulation includes but not limited to castor oil ethoxylates, alcohol ethoxylates, fatty acid ethoxylates, sorbitan ester ethoxylates, ethoxylated sorbitol oleates, sulphosuccinate, calcium salts of dodecylbenzene sulphonate, alkylammonium salts of alkylbenzene sulphonate, alkylsulphosuccinate salts, ethylene oxide-propylene oxide block copolymers, ethoxylated alkylamines, ethoxylated alkyl phenols, polyoxyethylenesorbitan monolaurate.
Stabilizers or stabilizing agent used herein for the present Oil dispersion (OD) formulation includes but not limited to hectorite clay, aluminum magnesium silicate, bentonite clay, silica, attapulgite clay.
Examples of Buffering agent used herein for the present Oil dispersion (OD) formulation include but not limited to Citric acid, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sulphuric acid, hydrochloric acid, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, acetic acid, sorbic acid.
Polar Cosolvent used herein as optionally for the present Oil dispersion (OD) formulation include but not limited to cyclohexanone, acetophenone, butanol, n-octanol, n-propanol, 1-hexanol, propylene carbonate, n-methyl-2-pyrrolidone.
While the foregoing written description of the invention enables one of ordinary skill to make and use what is considered presently to be the best mode thereof, those of ordinary skill will understand and appreciate the existence of variations, combinations, and equivalents of the specific embodiment, method, and examples herein. The invention should therefore not be limited by the above described embodiment, method, and examples, but by all embodiments and methods within the scope and spirit of the invention. The invention shall now be described with reference to the following specific examples. It should be noted that the example(s) appended below illustrate rather than limit the invention, and that those skilled in the art will be able to design many alternative embodiments without departing from the scope of the present invention.
These and other aspects of the invention may become more apparent from the examples set forth herein below. These examples are provided merely as illustrations of the invention and are not intended to be construed as a limitation thereof.
EXAMPLE 1:
Cyhalofop butyl 10%+Florpyrauxifen benzyl 2% Novel OD (Recipe: CYFPB 120)
Ingredients Percent
Active ingredient Cyhalofop butyl a.i. 10.00
Active ingredient Florpyrauxifen benzyl a.i. 2.00
Dispersent Tristyrylphenol-polyglycolether-phosphate 6.00
Emulsifier Octylphenol ethoxylate 6.00
Stabilizer Bentonite clay 1.50
Antifoamer Polydimethyl siloxane 0.30
Preservative 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3(2H)-one 0.30
Buffer Citric acid 0.10
Antifreez Glycerine 6.00
Super wetting-spreading-penetrating agent Polyalkyleneoxide modified Heptamethyltrisiloxane 7.50
Carrier as solvent Methyl ester of Palm oil 60.30
Total 100.00
Active ingredients on the basis of 100% purity
Storage stability- Storage stability- Cyhalofop butyl 10%+Florpyrauxifen benzyl 2% Novel OD (Recipe: CYFPB 120)
Parameters Specification (in house) Initial At 54±2 0C At 0±2 0C
Cyhalofop butyl a.i. (%) 9.5 to 10.5 10.25 10.15 10.25
Florpyrauxifen benzyl a.i. (%) 1.9 to 2.2 2.20 2.10 2.20
Cyhalofop butyl suspensibility (%) 80 98.50 97.00 98.20
Florpyrauxifen benzyl suspensibility (%) 80 98.70 97.80 98.65
pH range (1% aq. Suspension) 5.0 to 7.5 5.80 5.50 5.75
Pourability 95% min. 98.50 98.30 98.40
Specific gravity 0.90-1.05 1.00 1.00 1.00
Viscosity at spindle no. 62, 20 rpm 450-900 cps 750 770 755
Particle size (micron) D50<3, D90<10 2.5,8 2.7,8.7 2.6,8.6
Persistent foam ml (after 1 minute) max. 60 nil 2 nil
Room temperature storage
Parameters Specification (in house) 1 month 6 months 12 months
Cyhalofop butyl a.i. (%) 9.5 to 10.5 10.25 10.25 10.20
Florpyrauxifen benzyl a.i. (%) 1.9 to 2.2 2.20 2.20 2.15
Cyhalofop butyl suspensibility (%) 80 98.50 98.50 98.20
Florpyrauxifen benzyl suspensibility (%) 80 98.70 98.65 98.60
pH range (1% aq. Suspension) 5.0 to 7.5 5.80 5.80 5.75
Pourability 95% min. 98.50 98.30 98.40
Specific gravity 0.90-1.05 1.00 1.00 1.00
Viscosity at spindle no. 62, 20 rpm 450-900 cps 750 750 755
Particle size (micron) D50<3, D90<10 2.5,8 2.5,8 2.6,8.6
Persistent foam ml (after 1 minute) max. 60 nil 2 nil

The novel OD composition of Cyhalofop butyl 10%+Florpyrauxifen benzyl 2% Novel OD (Recipe: CYFPB 120) meets the all inhouse specifications for storage stability studies in laboratory (at 54±2 C & At 0±2 C for 14 days) and room temperature (for 12 months).
Manufacturing process for 100 kg batch of Cyhalofop butyl 10%+Florpyrauxifen benzyl 2% Novel OD (Recipe: CYFPB 120)
Step 1: 15% Bentonite clay Solution Preparation:
Add 15 kg of Bentonite clay in to 85 kg of Methyl ester of Palm oill and also and homogenized till it gets completely dissolved. It must be kept for 12-18 hour prior to use.
Step 2: OD Premix:
Charge 50.30 kg of Methyl ester of Palm oil into a designated vessel for OD production.
Now add 6.0 kg of Tristyrylphenol-polyglycolether-phosphate, 6.0 kg of Octylphenol ethoxylater, 6.0 kg of Glycerine, 0.3 kg of 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3(2H)-one, 0.10 kg of Citric acid and 0.15 kg of Polydimethyl siloxane homogenise the contents for 45 – 60 minutes using high shear homogeniser. .
Add 10.0 kg of Cyhalofop butyl a.i. and 2.0 kg of Florpyrauxifen benzyl a.i. into this premix and homogenized for 30-45 minutes
Add remaining 0.15 kg of Silicon antifoam, 7.50 kg of Polyalkyleneoxide modified Heptamethyltrisiloxane and 10 kg of 15 % Bentonite solution after milling to avoid foaming
Step 3: Send this final formulation to QC for quality check.

Cyhalofop butyl 10%+Florpyrauxifen benzyl 2% EC (conventional)

Ingredients Percent
Cyhalofop butyl a.i. 10.00
Florpyrauxifen benzyl a.i. 2.00
Calcium alkyl benzene sulfonate 5.00
Castor oir ethoxylate blend 5.00
Polyglycol 20.00
Oleic acid 2.50
Aromatic Hydrocarbon qs
Total 100.00
Active ingredients on the basis of 100% purity.
EXAMPLE 2:
Cyhalofop butyl 5%+Penoxsulam 1% OD Novel OD (Recipe: CYPNS 60)

Ingredients Percent
Active ingredient Cyhalofop butyl a.i. 5.00
Active ingredient Penoxsulam a.i. 1.00
Dispersent Vinyl pyrrolidone copolymers 6.00
Emulsifier Fatty acid ethoxylates 6.00
Stabilizer Precipitated silica 1.50
Antifoamer Polydimethyl siloxane 0.30
Preservative 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3(2H)-one 0.30
Buffer Acetic acid 0.10
Antifreez Glycerine 6.00
Super wetting-spreading-penetrating agent Polyalkyleneoxide modified Heptamethyltrisiloxane 8.50
Carrier as solvent Methyl ester of Madhuca oil 65.30
Total 100.00
Active ingredients on the basis of 100% purity.
Storage stability-Cyhalofop butyl 5%+Penoxsulam 1% OD (Recipe: CYPNS 60)
Laboratory storage for 14 days
Parameters Specification (in house) Initial At 54±2 0C At 0±2 0C
Cyhalofop butyl a.i. (%) 4.75 to 5.5 5.30 5.21 5.29
Penoxsulam a.i. (%) 0.95 ot 1.1 1.10 1.02 1.10
Cyhalofop butyl suspensibility (%) 80 98.25 97.50 98.10
Penoxsulam suspensibility (%) 80 98.55 97.80 98.50
pH range (1% aq. Suspension) 5.0 to 7.5 5.80 5.60 5.81
Pourability 95% min. 98.50 98.30 98.40
Specific gravity 0.90-1.05 1.00 1.00 1.00
Viscosity at spindle no. 62, 20 rpm 450-900 cps 650 670 655
Particle size (micron) D50<3, D90<10 2.5,8 2.7,8.75 2.6,8.6
Persistent foam ml (after 1 minute) max. 60 nil 2 nil
Room temperature storage
Parameters Specification (in house) 1 month 6 months 12 months
Cyhalofop butyl a.i. (%) 4.75 to 5.5 5.30 5.30 5.29
Penoxsulam a.i. (%) 0.95 ot 1.1 1.10 1.10 1.08
Cyhalofop butyl suspensibility (%) 80 98.25 98.25 98.10
Penoxsulam suspensibility (%) 80 98.55 98.50 98.20
pH range (1% aq. Suspension) 5.0 to 7.5 5.80 5.80 5.75
Pourability 95% min. 98.50 98.30 98.40
Specific gravity 0.90-1.05 1.00 1.00 1.00
Viscosity at spindle no. 62, 20 rpm 450-900 cps 650 650 655
Particle size (micron) D50<3, D90<10 2.5,8 2.7,8.75 2.6,8.6
Persistent foam ml (after 1 minute) max. 60 nil 2 nil

The novel OD composition of Cyhalofop butyl 5%+Penoxsulam 1% OD Novel OD (Recipe: CYPNS 60) meets the all in-house specifications for storage stability studies in laboratory (at 54±2 C & At 0±2 C for 14 days) and room temperature (for 12 months).
Manufacturing process for 100 kg batch of Cyhalofop butyl 5%+Penoxsulam 1% OD Novel OD (Recipe: CYPNS 60)
Step 1: 15% Bentonite clay Solution Preparation:
Add 15 kg of precipitated silica in to 85 kg of Methyl ester of Madhuca oil and also and homogenized till it gets completely dissolved. It must be kept for 12-18 hour prior to use.
Step 2: OD Premix:
Charge 55.30 kg of Methyl ester of Madhuca oil into a designated vessel for OD production.
Now add 6.0 kg of Vinyl pyrrolidone copolymers, 6.0 kg of Fatty acid ethoxylates, 6.0 kg of Glycerine, 0.3 kg of 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3(2H)-one , 0.10 kg of Acetic acid and 0.15 kg of Polydimethyl siloxane homogenise the contents for 45 – 60 minutes using high shear homogeniser.
Add 5.0 kg of Cyhalofop butyl a.i. and 1.0 kg of Penoxsulam a.i. into this premix and homogenized for 30-45 minutes
Add remaining 0.15 kg of Silicon antifoam, 8.50 kg of Polyalkyleneoxide modified Heptamethyltrisiloxane and 10 kg of 15 % precipitated Silica solution after milling to avoid foaming.
Step 3: Send this final formulation to QC for quality check.

Cyhalofop butyl 5.1%+Penoxsulam 1.02% OD (conventional) Brand name: Vivaya by Corteva Agriscience
Ingredients Percent
Cyhalofop butyl a.i. 5.10
Penoxsulam a.i. 1.02
Silica dimethyl silyate 2.28
silicone dioxide 0.46
acrylic copolymer blend 0.23
cellulose 0.0020
1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one 0.0004
citric acid 0.004
methylnaphtalene sulfonic acid-
formaldehyde polymer sodium salt 0.08
alkylaryl sulfonate 1.85
methyl oxirane block copolymer 0.02
polydimethylsiloxane 0.001
propylene glycol 0.06
oliec acid 0.57
xanthan gum 0.002
water 0.83
alkylpheol alkoxylate 38.50
methyl soyate 27.60
solvent naphta (petrolium) heavy aromatic 21.39
Total 100.00

EXAMPLE 3:
EXAMPLE 3a:
Cyhalofop butyl 8%+Carfentrazone ethyl 2% OD (Recipe:CYCFE 110-A)
Ingredients Percent
Active ingredient Cyhalofop butyl a.i. 8.00
Active ingredient Carfentrazone ethyl a.i. 2.00
Dispersent Propoxylated Ethoxylated copolymer monoalkylether 5.00
Emulsifier Fatty acid ethoxylates 7.00
Stabilizer Bentonite clay 1.25
Antifoamer Polydimethyl siloxane 0.30
Preservative 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3(2H)-one 0.20
Antifreez Propane diols 6.00
Super wetting-spreading-penetrating agent Polyalkyleneoxide modified Heptamethyltrisiloxane 5.00
Carrier as solvent Methyl ester of palm oil 65.25
Total 100.00
Active ingredients on the basis of 100% purity.
EXAMPLE 3b:
Cyhalofop butyl 8%+Carfentrazone ethyl 2% OD (Recipe:CYCFE 110-B)
Ingredients Percent
Cyhalofop butyl a.i. 8.00
Carfentrazone ethyl a.i. 2.00
Tristyrylphenol ethoxylates, 6.00
Alkylsulphosuccinate salts, 3.00
Hectorite clay 1.25
Polydimethyl siloxane 0.30
1,2-benzisothiazolin-3(2H)-one 0.20
Polypropylene glycol 6.00
Polyalkyleneoxide modified Heptamethyltrisiloxane 7.50
Methyl ester of palm oil 65.75
Total 100.00
Active ingredients on the basis of 100% purity.
EXAMPLE 3c:
Cyhalofop butyl 8%+Carfentrazone ethyl 2% OD (Recipe:CYCFE 110-C)
Ingredients Percent
Cyhalofop butyl a.i. 8.00
Carfentrazone ethyl a.i. 2.00
Propyleneoxide-ethyleneoxide-copolymer 3.50
Polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate 6.00
Aluminium magnesium silicate 1.25
Polydimethyl siloxane 0.50
1,2-benzisothiazolin-3(2H)-one 0.30
Glycerine 6.00
Polyalkyleneoxide modified Heptamethyltrisiloxane 10.00
Methyl ester of palm oil 62.45
Total 100.00
Active ingredients on the basis of 100% purity.
EXAMPLE 3d:
Cyhalofop butyl 8%+Carfentrazone ethyl 2% OD (Recipe:CYCFE 110-P)
Ingredients Percent
Cyhalofop butyl a.i. 8.00
Carfentrazone ethyl a.i. 2.00
Tristyrylphenol-polyglycolether-phosphate 6.00
Octylphenol ethoxylate 6.00
Bentonite clay 1.50
Polydimethyl siloxane 0.30
1,2-benzisothiazolin-3(2H)-one 0.30
Glycerine 6.00
Polyalkyleneoxide modified Heptamethyltrisiloxane 7.5
Methyl ester of Karanj oil 62.40
Total 100.00
Active ingredients on the basis of 100% purity.
EXAMPLE 3e:
Cyhalofop butyl 8%+Carfentrazone ethyl 2% OD (Recipe:CYCFE 110-Q)
Ingredients Percent
Cyhalofop butyl a.i. 8.00
Carfentrazone ethyl a.i. 2.00
Tristyrylphenol-polyglycolether-phosphate 6.00
Octylphenol ethoxylate 6.00
Bentonite clay 1.50
Polydimethyl siloxane 0.30
1,2-benzisothiazolin-3(2H)-one 0.30
Glycerine 6.00
Polyalkyleneoxide modified Heptamethyltrisiloxane 7.50
Methyl ester of blend of palm oil and karanj oil 62.40
Total 100.00
Active ingredients on the basis of 100% purity.
EXAMPLE 3f:
Cyhalofop butyl 8%+Carfentrazone ethyl 2% OD (Recipe:CYCFE 110-R)
Ingredients Percent
Cyhalofop butyl a.i. 8.00
Carfentrazone ethyl a.i. 2.00
Tristyrylphenol-polyglycolether-phosphate 6.00
Octylphenol ethoxylate 6.00
Bentonite clay 1.50
Polydimethyl siloxane 0.30
1,2-benzisothiazolin-3(2H)-one 0.30
Glycerine 6.00
Polyalkyleneoxide modified Heptamethyltrisiloxane 7.50
Methyl ester of blend of palm oil and karanj oil 62.40
Total 100.00
Active ingredients on the basis of 100% purity.

EXAMPLE 4:
Cyhalofop butyl 7.5%+Florpyrauxifen benzyl 2%+Halosulfuron methyl 5% OD (Recipe: CYFPBHSM 145)

Ingredients Percent
Active ingredient Cyhalofop butyl a.i. 7.50
Active ingredient Florpyrauxifen benzyl a.i. 2.00
Active ingredient Halosulfuron methyl a.i. 5.00
Dispersent Dodecyl benzene sulfonate in methylated and ethoxylated seed oil 6.00
Emulsifier Fatty acid ethoxylates 6.00
Stabilizer Precipitated silica 1.50
Antifoamer Polydimethyl siloxane 0.30
Preservative 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3(2H)-one 0.30
Antifreez Glycerine 6.00
Buffer Citric acid 0.10
Super wetting-spreading-penetrating agent Polyalkyleneoxide modified Heptamethyltrisiloxane 8.50
Carrier as solvent Methyl ester of Karanj oil 56.80
Total 100.00
Active ingredients on the basis of 100% purity.

Storage stability- Cyhalofop butyl 7.5%+Florpyrauxifen benzyl 2%+ Halosulfuron methyl 5% OD
Laboratory storage for 14 days
Parameters Specification (in house) Initial At 54±2 0C At 0±2 0C
Cyhalofop butyl a.i. (%) 7.125 to 8.25 7.85 7.55 7.84
Florpyrauxifen benzyl a.i. (%) 1.90 to 2.20 2.20 2.10 2.20
Halosulfuron methyl a.i.(%) 4.75 to 5.50 5.30 5.20 5.30
Cyhalofop butyl suspensibility (%) 80 98.45 97.85 98.50
Florpyrauxifen benzyl suspensibility (%) 80 98.25 97.50 98.10
Halosulfuron methyl suspensibility (%) 80 98.55 97.80 98.50
pH range (1% aq. Suspension) 5.0 to 7.5 5.85 5.60 5.81
Pourability 95% min. 98.50 98.30 98.40
Specific gravity 1.00-1.05 1.02 1.02 1.02
Viscosity at spindle no. 62, 20 rpm 350-800 cps 650 670 655
Particle size (micron) D50<3, D90<10 2.5,8 2.7,8.75 2.6,8.6
Persistent foam ml (after 1 minute) max. 60 nil 2 nil
Room temperature storage
Parameters Specification (in house) 1 month 6 months 12 months
Cyhalofop butyl a.i. (%) 7.125 to 8.25 7.85 7.85 7.84
Florpyrauxifen benzyl a.i. (%) 1.90 to 2.20 2.20 2.20 2.18
Halosulfuron methyl a.i.(%) 4.75 to 5.50 5.30 5.30 5.25
Cyhalofop butyl suspensibility (%) 80 98.45 98.45 98.50
Florpyrauxifen benzyl suspensibility (%) 80 98.25 98.25 98.10
Halosulfuron methyl suspensibility (%) 80 98.55 98.55 98.50
pH range (1% aq. Suspension) 5.0 to 7.5 5.85 5.85 5.81
Pourability 95% min. 98.50 98.30 98.40
Specific gravity 1.00-1.05 1.02 1.02 1.02
Viscosity at spindle no. 62, 20 rpm 350-800 cps 650 650 655
Particle size (micron) D50<3, D90<10 2.5,8 2.7,8.75 2.6,8.6
Persistent foam ml (after 1 minute) max. 60 nil 1 nil

Recipe: CYFPBHSM 145 OD meets the all in-house specifications for storage stability studies in laboratory (at 54±2 C & At 0±2 C for 14 days) and room temperature (for 12 months).
Manufacturing process for 100 kg batch of Cyhalofop butyl 7.5%+Florpyrauxifen benzyl 2%+Halosulfuron methyl 5% OD (Recipe: CYFPBHSM 145)
Step 1: 15% Bentonite clay Solution Preparation:
15% Precipitated Silica Solution Preparation: Add 15 kg of precipitated silica in to 85 kg of Methyl ester of Karanj oil and also and homogenized till it gets completely dissolved. It must be kept for 12-18 hour prior to use.
Step 2: OD Premix:
Charge 46.80 kg of Methyl ester of Karanj oil into a designated vessel for OD production.
Now add 6.0 kg of Dodecyl benzene sulfonate in methylated and ethoxylated seed oil, 6.0 kg of Fatty acid ethoxylates, 6.0 kg of Glycerine, 0.3 kg of 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3(2H)-one, 0.10 kg of citric acid and 0.15 kg of Polydimethyl siloxane homogenise the contents for 45 – 60 minutes using high shear homogeniser.
Add 7.5 kg of Cyhalofop butyl a.i, 2.0 kg of Florpyrauxifen benzyl a.i. and 5.0 kg of Halosulfuron methyl a.i. into this premix and homogenized for 30-45 minutes
Add remaining 0.15 kg of Silicon antifoam, 8.50 kg of Polyalkyleneoxide modified Heptamethyltrisiloxane and 10 kg of 15 % precipitated Silica solution after milling to avoid foaming
Step 3: Send this final formulation to QC for quality check.

EXAMPLE 5:
Haloxyfop R methyl 8%+Imazethapyr 4%+Fomesafen sodium 10% OD (Recipe: HRMIMF 220)
Ingredients Percent
Active ingredient Haloxyfop R methyl a.i. 8.00
Active ingredient Imazethapyr a.i. 4.00
Active ingredient Fomesafen sodium a.i. 10.00
Dispersent Tristyrylphenol ethoxylates 5.00
Emulsifier Alkylsulphosuccinate salts 6.00
Stabilizer Attapulgite clay 1.50
Antifoamer Polydimethyl siloxane 0.30
Preservative Sodium benzoate 0.30
Antifreez Sodium chloride 6.00
Super wetting-spreading-penetrating agent Polyalkyleneoxide modified Heptamethyltrisiloxane 8.00
Carrier as solvent Methyl ester of blend of Palm oil and soybean oil 50.90
Total 100.00

Recipe: HRMIMF 240 A meets the all in-house specifications for storage stability studies in laboratory (at 54±2 C & At 0±2 C for 14 days) and room temperature (for 12 months).
Haloxyfop R methyl 7.2%+Imazethapyr 4.8%+Fomesafen sodium 12% OD
Ingredients Percent
Haloxyfop R methyl a.i. 7.20
Imazathapyr .i. 4.80
Fomesafen sodium a.i. 12.00
Dispersent Tristyrylphenol-polyglycolether-phosphate 3.00
Emulsifier Octylphenol ethoxylate 5.00
Stabilizer Bentonite clay 1.25
Antifoamer Polydimethyl siloxane 0.50
Preservative 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3(2H)-one 0.30
Antifreez Glycerine 6.00
Super wetting-spreading-penetrating agent Polyalkyleneoxide modified Heptamethyltrisiloxane 10.00
Carrier as solvent Methyl ester of Palm oil 49.95
Total 100.00

EXAMPLE 6:
Novel OD composition recipes used in spreading properties study:
Cyhalofop butyl 8%+ Carfentrazone ethyl 2% + Penoxsulam 2% OD (Recipe: CYCFP 120A)
Ingredients Percent
Active ingredient Cyhalofop butyl a.i. 8.00
Active ingredient Carfentrazone ethyl a.i. 2.00
Active ingredient Penoxsulam a.i. 2.00
Dispersent Tristyrylphenol-polyglycolether-phosphate 3.00
Emulsifier Octylphenol ethoxylate 5.00
Stabilizer Bentonite clay 1.25
Antifoamer Polydimethyl siloxane 0.50
Preservative 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3(2H)-one 0.30
Antifreez Glycerine 6.00
Super wetting-spreading-penetrating agent Polyalkyleneoxide modified Heptamethyltrisiloxane 10.00
Carrier as solvent Methyl ester of Palm oil 61.95
Total 100.00

Cyhalofop butyl 8%+Carfentrazone ethyl 2%+Penoxsulam 2% OD (Recipe: CYCFP 120B)
Ingredients Percent
Cyhalofop butyl a.i. 8.00
Carfentrazone ethyl a.i. 2.00
Penoxsulam a.i. 2.00
Butyl Based Block Copolymer of EO/PO 6.00
Calcium salt of Alkyl Benzene Sulfonate 3.00
Precipitated silica 1.25
Polydimethyl siloxane 0.30
1,2-benzisothiazolin-3(2H)-one 0.20
Glycerine 6.00
Methyl ester of Palm oil 71.25
Total 100.00

Cyhalofop butyl 8%+Carfentrazone ethyl 2%+Penoxsulam 2% OD (Recipe: CYCFP 120C)
Ingredients Percent
Cyhalofop butyl a.i. 8.00
Carfentrazone ethyl a.i. 2.00
Penoxsulam a.i. 2.00
Butyl Based Block Copolymer of EO/PO 6.00
Calcium salt of Alkyl Benzene Sulfonate 6.00
Precipitated silica 1.50
Polydimethyl siloxane 0.30
1,2-benzisothiazolin-3(2H)-one 0.20
Glycerine 6.00
Methyl ester of Vegetable oil 68.00
Total 100.00

Spreading properties study:
Method: Spreading properties test conducted by preparing 1% solution (1 ml formulation in 100 ml water). Drop the solution on leaf surface (Cauliflower leaf) and measure the spreading diameter (mm) after 30 seconds. Spreading diameter measured by graph paper.
Spreading properties study:
Compositions Room temperature storage
1 month 6 months 12 months
(Spreading diameter in millimeter)
Cyhalofop butyl 8%+Carfentrazone ethyl 2%+Penoxsulam 2% OD (Recipe: CYCFP 120A) 23 21 20
Cyhalofop butyl 8%+Carfentrazone ethyl 2%+Penoxsulam 2% OD (Recipe: CYCFP 120B) 12 10 7
Cyhalofop butyl 8%+Carfentrazone ethyl 2%+Penoxsulam 2% OD (Recipe: CYCFP 120C) 11 9 6

The novel OD composition of Cyhalofop butyl 8%+ Carfentrazone ethyl 2%+ Penoxsulam 2% OD (Recipe: CYCFP 120A) shows excellent spreading properties as compared to Recipe: CYCFP 120B and Recipe: CYCFP 120C. This will improves the bioefficacy under field condition, ensures quick control of target insects and also improves the rainfast properties during rainy days.
EXAMPLE 7:
The preferred novel OD compositions are:
Cyhalofop butyl 10%+Florpyrauxifen benzyl 2%
Cyhalofop butyl 5%+Penoxsulam 1%
Cyhalofop butyl 8%+Carfentrazone ethyl 2%
Cyhalofop butyl 3%+Bentazone 24%+Metsulfuron methyl 0.12%
Cyhalofop butyl 3%+Bentazone 24%+Halosulfuron methyl 2%
Cyhalofop butyl 3%+Bentazone 24%+Penoxsulam 0.8%
Cyhalofop butyl 8%+Carfentrazone ethyl 2%+Metsulfuron methyl 0.3%
Cyhalofop butyl 8%+Carfentrazone ethyl 2%+Halosulfuron methyl 5%
Cyhalofop butyl 8%+Carfentrazone ethyl 2%+Penoxsulam 2%
Cyhalofop butyl 8%+Carfentrazone ethyl 2%+Florpyrauxifen benzyl 2%
Cyhalofop butyl 17%+Penoxsulam 3.6%+Metsulfuron methyl 0.6%
Cyhalofop butyl 17%+Penoxsulam 3.6%+Halosulfuron methyl 10%
Cyhalofop butyl 5.67%+Penoxsulam 1.2%+2,4-D amine salt 20%
Cyhalofop butyl 8.5%+Penoxsulam 1.8%+Bispyribac sodium 1.5%
Cyhalofop butyl 8%+Bispyribac sodium 2%+Metsulfuron methyl 0.3%
Cyhalofop butyl 8%+Bispyribac sodium 2%+Halosulfuron methyl 5%
Cyhalofop butyl 8%+Bispyribac sodium 2%+Carfentrazone ethyl 2%
Cyhalofop butyl 5.33%+Bispyribac sodium 1.33%+2,4-d amine salt 20%
Cyhalofop butyl 8%+Florpyrauxifen benzyl 1.5%+Penoxsulam 1.5%
Cyhalofop butyl 8%+Florpyrauxifen benzyl 1.5%+Bispyribac sodium 1.5%
Cyhalofop butyl 7.5%+Florpyrauxifen benzyl 2%+Halosulfuron methyl 5%
Cyhalofop butyl 7.5%+Florpyrauxifen benzyl 2%+Metsulfuron methyl 0.3%
Cyhalofop butyl 5%+Florpyrauxifen benzyl 1.33%+2,4-D amine salt 20%
Cyhalofop butyl 7.5%+Florpyrauxifen benzyl 2%+Triafamone 4%
Haloxyfop R methyl 8%+Imazethapyr 4%+Acifluorfen sodium 10%
Haloxyfop R methyl 8%+Imazethapyr 4%+Fomesafen sodium 10%
Haloxyfop R methyl 8%+Imazethapyr 4%+Lactofen 10%
Haloxyfop R methyl 9%+Imazamox 6%+Acifluorfen sodium 12.5%
Haloxyfop R methyl 9%+Imazamox 6%+Fomesafen sodium 12.5%
Haloxyfop R methyl 9%+Imazamox 6%+Lactofen 12.5%
Haloxyfop R methyl 9%+Chlorimuron ethyl 0.6%+Acifluorfen sodium 12.5%
Haloxyfop R methyl 9%+Chlorimuron ethyl 0.6%+Fomesafen sodium 12.5%
Haloxyfop R methyl 9%+Chlorimuron ethyl 0.6%+Lactofen 12.5%
Propaquizafop 4%+Imazethapyr 4%+Acifluorfen sodium 12%
Propaquizafop 4%+Imazethapyr 4%+Fomesafen sodium 12%
Propaquizafop 5%+Imazethapyr 5%+Lactofen 15%
Propaquizafop 6%+Imazethapyr 6%+Acifluorfen sodium 14%
Propaquizafop 6%+Imazethapyr 6%+Fomesafen sodium 14%
Propaquizafop 6%+Imazethapyr 6%+Lactofen 14%
Propaquizafop 6%+Chlorimuron ethyl 0.8%+Acifluorfen sodium 14%
Propaquizafop 6%+Chlorimuron ethyl 0.8%+Fomesafen sodium 14%
Propaquizafop 6%+Chlorimuron ethyl 0.8%%+Lactofen 14%
Quizalofop ethyl 4.5%+Imazethapyr 5%+Acifluorfen sodium 15%
Quizalofop ethyl 4.5%+Imazethapyr 5%+Fomesafen sodium 15%
Quizalofop ethyl 4.5%+Imazethapyr 5%+Lactofen 15%
Quizalofop ethyl 4%+Imazethapyr 5%+Acifluorfen sodium 14%
Quizalofop ethyl 4%+Imazethapyr 5%+Fomesafen sodium 14%
Quizalofop ethyl 4%+Imazethapyr 5%+Lactofen 14%
Quizalofop ethyl 4.5%+Chlorimuron ethyl 0.8%+Acifluorfen sodium 14%
Quizalofop ethyl 4.5%+Chlorimuron ethyl 0.8%+Fomesafen sodium 14%
Quizalofop ethyl 4.5%+Chlorimuron ethyl 0.8%%+Lactofen 14%
Clodinafop propargyl 6%+Imazethapyr 4%+Acifluorfen sodium 12%
Clodinafop propargyl 6%+Imazethapyr 4%+Fomesafen sodium 12%
Clodinafop propargyl 6%+Imazethapyr 4%+Lactofen 12%
Clodinafop propargyl 6%+Imazamox 4%+Acifluorfen sodium 12%
Clodinafop propargyl 6%+Imazamox 4%+Fomesafen sodium 12%
Clodinafop propargyl 6%+Imazamox 4%+Lactofen 12%
Clodinafop propargyl 7.5%+Chlorimuron ethyl 0.75%+Acifluorfen sodium 15%
Clodinafop propargyl 7.5%+Chlorimuron ethyl 0.75%+Fomesafen sodium 15%
Clodinafop propargyl 7.5%+Chlorimuron ethyl 0.75%%+Lactofen 15%
Metamifop 6%+Imazethapyr 3%+Acifluorfen sodium 12%
Metamifop 6%+Imazethapyr 3%+Fomesafen sodium 12%
Metamifop 6%+Imazethapyr 3%+Lactofen 12%
Metamifop 6%+Imazamox 3%+Acifluorfen sodium 12%
Metamifop 6%+Imazamox 3%+Fomesafen sodium 12%
Metamifop 6%+Imazamox 3%+Lactofen 12%
Metamifop 7.5%+Chlorimuron ethyl 0.7%+Acifluorfen sodium 15%
Metamifop 7.5%+Chlorimuron ethyl 0.7%+Fomesafen sodium 15%
Metamifop 7.5%+Chlorimuron ethyl 0.7%+Lactofen sodium 15%
Cyhalofop butyl 7%+Imazethapyr 5%+Acifluorfen sodium 14%
Cyhalofop butyl 7%+Imazethapyr 5%+Fomesafen sodium 14%
Cyhalofop butyl 7%+Imazethapyr 5%+Lactofen 14%
Cyhalofop butyl 7%+Imazamox 4%+Acifluorfen sodium 14%
Cyhalofop butyl 7%+Imazamox 4%+Fomesafen sodium 14%
Cyhalofop butyl 7%+Imazamox 4%+Lactofen 14%
Cyhalofop butyl 7%+Chlorimuron ethyl 0.75%+Acifluorfen sodium 14%
Cyhalofop butyl 7%+Chlorimuron ethyl 0.75%+Fomesafen sodium 14%
Cyhalofop butyl 7%+Chlorimuron ethyl 0.75%+Lactofen sodium 14%
Haloxyfop R methyl 9%+Imazethapyr 3%+Imazamox 4%
Clodinafop propargyl 8%+Imazethapyr 3%+Imazamox 4%
Propaquizafop 5%+Imazethapyr 3%+Imazamox 4%
Quizalofop ethyl 4.5%+Imazethapyr 3%+Imazamox 4%
Cyhalofop butyl 7%+Imazethapyr 3.5%+Imazamox 3.5%
Metamifop 7%+Imazethapyr 3.5%+Imazamox 3.5%
Active ingredients on the basis of 100% purity.
Biological Examples:
The synergistic pesticide action of the inventive mixtures can be demonstrated by the experiments below. A synergistic effect exists wherever the action of a combination (ready-mix) or tank mix of active ingredient is greater than the sum of the action of each of the components alone. Therefore a synergistically effective amount or an effective amount of a synergistic composition or combination is an amount that exhibits greater pesticide activity than the sum of the pesticide activities of the individual components.
In the field of agriculture, it is often understood that the term “synergy” is as defined by Colby S.R. in an article entitled “ Calculation of the synergistic and antagonistic responses of herbicide combinations” published in the journal Weeds, 1967, 15, p.20-22, incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. The action expected for a given combination of two or three active components can be calculated as follows:

The objective of the present studies was to study the benefits of novel OD (Oil Dispersion) formulation of aryloxyphenoxy propionic herbicides.

Example 1: Bio efficacy comparison of Novel OD (Oil dispersion) composition vs conventional formulation against mixed weed flora in transplanted paddy.
Crop : Paddy/rice (Oryza sativa), transplanted paddy.
Target weeds : mixed weed flora
Weed stage : 4 to 6 leaf stage.
Location : Midnapore, West bengal
Number of Treatments: six
Replication : four
Method of application : foliar spray with backpack sprayer fitted with flat fan nozzle
Water volume : 400 liter per hectare
Observation Methods:
Weed control(%): Species wise weed count recorded at 15 DAA (Days after Application) by using 0.25 m2 (50 cm x 50 cm) quadrant, treatment wise in minimum 5 places randomly selected in the plot. The species wise weed count further grouped in to Grasses and Broad Leaf weeds (BLW) and sedges. The data presented here as total weed control (grasses+broad leaf+sedges). The average of each variable was used together with the sum of all the variables per plot to calculate the percentage of control.

Phytotoxicity: The observations on crop safety i.e. phytotoxicity or adverse effect of treatments were recorded at regular interval. All the visual phytotoxicity symptoms like plant yellowing, leaf scorching, tip burning, bleaching, necrosis, stunting, crinkling, epinasty, hyponasty recorded by rating (0 to 10 score) the entire plot in comparison with untreated control (UTC) plot. Following rating were adopted. Score 0=No injury, Score 1=1 to 10%, Score 2=11 to 20%, Score 3=21 to 30%.......Score 10=91 to 100% Phytotoxicity.
Weed flora composition of trial plot-grassy weeds 50% (Echinochloa colona, Leptochloa chinensis), Broad leaf weeds 30% (Eclipta alba, Ammania baccifera), Sedges 20% (Cyprus irria, Cyperus difformis).
Table 1: Bio efficacy comparison Novel OD composition vs conventional formulations in transplanted paddy.
Treatment composition gram active per hectare Weed control (%)
T1-Cyhalofop butyl 10%+Florpyrauxifen benzyl 2% Novel OD (Recipe: CYFPB 120) 100+20 98.70
T2-Cyhalofop butyl 10%+Florpyrauxifen benzyl 2% EC (conventional) 100+20 94.30
T3-Cyhalofop butyl 10% EC+ Florpyrauxifen-benzyl 2.7% EC (tank mix) 100+20 90.10
T4-Cyhalofop butyl 10% EC 100 58.30
T5-Florpyrauxifen-benzyl 2.7% EC 20 70.80
T6-UTC (Untreated Check) 0 0.00

Novel OD composition of Cyhalofop butyl+Florpyrauxifen benzyl (T1) provides superior control of mixed weed flora in comparison to their conventional EC formulation (T2) and their tank mix. The speed of kill of weeds was observed faster in novel OD composition (T1) as compared to conventional EC (T2) and their tank mix (T3).
Example 2: Bio efficacy comparison of Novel OD (Oil dispersion) composition vs conventional formulation against mixed weed flora in wet sown paddy.
Crop : Paddy (pre germinated wet sown)
Target weeds : mixed weed flora (grasses+broadleaf+sedges)
Weed stage : 2 to 4 leaf stage
Location : Bargarh, Odisha
Number of Treatments: six
Replication : four
Method of application : foliar spray with backpack sprayer fitted with flat fan nozzle
Water volume : 400 liter per hectare
Weed flora of trial plot-Grasses 55% (Echinochloa colonum & crusgalli), broad leaf 10% (Marselia spp.), Sedges 35% (Cyperus irria, Scirpus royelii)
Observation Methods: as per example 1.
Table 2: Bio efficacy comparison Novel OD composition vs conventional formulations in wet sown paddy.
Sr.no. Treatment composition gram active per hectare Weed control (%)
T1 T1-Cyhalofop butyl 5%+Penoxsulam 1% OD Novel OD (Recipe: CYPNS 60) 100+20 97.90
T2 T2-Cyhalofop-butyl 5%+Penoxsulam 1% OD (conventional) 100+20 94.10
T3 T3-Cyhalofop butyl 10% EC+ Penoxsulam 21.7% SC (tank mix) 100+20 88.70
T4 T4-Cyhalofop butyl 10% EC 100 54.90
T5 T5-Penoxsulam 21.7% OD 20 66.40
T6 T6-UTC (Untreated Check) 0 0.00

The novel OD composition (T1) shows higher bio-efficacy against mixed weed flora as compared to conventional OD (T2) and tank mix (T3).

Example 3 : Bio efficacy comparison of different recipes of Novel OD (Oil dispersion) composition.
Crop : Paddy (pre germinated wet sown)
Target weeds : mixed weed flora (grasses+broadleaf+sedges)
Weed stage : full grown weeds (4 leaf stage to reproductive stage)
Location : Rajim, Chhattishgarh
Number of Treatments: ten
Replication : three
Method of application : foliar spray with backpack sprayer fitted with flat fan nozzle
Water volume : 400 liter per hectare
Weed flora of trial plot- Grasses 30% (Echinochloa crusgalli), Broad leaf 40% (Alternanthera spp., Ludwigia spp.), sedges 30% (Cyperus difformis, Scirpus royelii, Fimbristylis spp.)
Observation Methods: as per example 1.
Table 3: Bio efficacy of different recipes of Novel OD composition of Cyhalofopbutyl+Carfentrazone ethyl.
Treatment composition gram active per hectare Weed control (%)
T1-Cyhalofop butyl 8%+Carfentrazone ethyl 2% OD (Recipe:CYCFE 110-A) 80+20 93.2
T2-Cyhalofop butyl 8%+Carfentrazone ethyl 2% OD (Recipe:CYCFE 110-B) 80+20 93.8
T3-Cyhalofop butyl 8%+Carfentrazone ethyl 2% OD (Recipe:CYCFE 110-C) 80+20 94.7
T4-Cyhalofop butyl 8%+Carfentrazone ethyl 2% OD (Recipe:CYCFE 110-P) 80+20 93.7
T5-Cyhalofop butyl 8%+Carfentrazone ethyl 2% OD (Recipe:CYCFE 110-Q) 80+20 93.9
T6-Cyhalofop butyl 8%+Carfentrazone ethyl 2% OD (Recipe:CYCFE 110-R) 80+20 93.5
T7-Cyhalofop butyl 10% EC+Carfentrazone ethyl 40% DF (tank mix) 80+20 83.8
T8-Cyhalofop butyl 10% EC 80 31.2
T9-Carfentrazone ethyl 40% DF 20 68.7
T10-UTC (Untreated Check) 0 0.0

All the recipes (T1 to T6) of novel OD composition of Cyhalofop butyl+Carfentrazone ethyl provides excellent control of full grown weed flora in wet sown paddy. Little leaf scorching (< 10%) was observed in all the treatments except T8, which was recovered within 10 days without affecting normal paddy growth and biomass.

Example 4 : Control of mixed weed flora in paddy crop.
Crop : Paddy (transplanted)
Target weeds : mixed weed flora (grasses+broadleaf+sedges)
Weed stage : 2 to 6 leaf stage
Location : Barabanki, Uttar Pradesh
Number of Treatments: eighteen
Replication : three
Method of application : foliar spray with backpack sprayer fitted with flatfan nozzle
Water volume : 400 liter per hectare
Weed flora of trial plot- Grasses 60% (Leptochloa spp., Echinochloa spp., Digitaria spp.). broad leaf 30% (Commelina spp., Ipomea spp.,), sedges (Cyperus irria).
Observations: weed control (%) as per example 1.
Tiller count: Count the number of productive tillers per 1m x 1 m (1 square meter) spot. Record the observations from 10 spots per plot.
Table 4: Treatment details.
Sr.no. Treatment compositions Application Rate (gai/h)

T1 Cyhalofop butyl 8%+Florpyrauxifen benzyl 1.5%+Penoxsulam 1.5% OD 80+15+15
T2 Cyhalofop butyl 8%+Florpyrauxifen benzyl 1.5%+Bispyribac sodium 1.5% OD 80+15+15
T3 Cyhalofop butyl 7.5%+Florpyrauxifen benzyl 2%+Halosulfuron methyl 5% OD 75+20+50
T4 Cyhalofop butyl 7.5%+Florpyrauxifen benzyl 2%+Metsulfuron methyl 0.3% OD 75+20+3
T5 Cyhalofop butyl 5%+Florpyrauxifen benzyl 1.33%+2,4-D amine salt 20% OD 75+20+300
T6 Cyhalofop butyl 10% EC 80
T7 Cyhalofop butyl 10% EC 75
T8 Florpyrauxifen-benzyl 2.7% EC 15
T9 Florpyrauxifen-benzyl 2.7% EC 20
T10 Penoxsulam 21.7% SC 15
T11 Bispyribac sodium 10% SC 15
T12 Halosulfuron methyl 75% WG 50
T13 Metsulfuron methyl 20% WG 3
T14 2,4-D amine salt 58% SL 300
T15 Cyhalofop butyl 10%+Florpyrauxifen-benzyl 2% EC 100+20
T16 Cyhalofop butyl 5%+Penoxsulam 1% OD 100+20
T17 Penoxsulam 2%+Florpyrauxifen-benzyl 1.5% OD 20+15
T18 Untreated Check (UTC) 0
T1 to T5-novel OD compositions, T6 to T14-market products, T15 to T17- ready-mix conventional formulations.

Table 5: Weed control
Sr.no. Weed control (%) Phytotoxicity to Paddy crop Number of tillers per sq.m. Increase in no. of tillers over UTC
observed Expected Synergism (Y/N)
T1 100.0 92.3 Y 0 265.3 33.6
T2 98.7 92.1 Y 0 264.9 33.4
T3 100.0 92.4 Y 0 266.7 34.3
T4 97.5 91.6 Y 0 263.2 32.5
T5 96.3 93.2 Y 2 262.6 32.2
T6 58.2 0 233.5 17.6
T7 55.3 0 232.6 17.1
T8 61.5 0 240.5 21.1
T9 67.8 0 242.6 22.2
T10 52.4 0 233.7 17.7
T11 50.7 0 230.5 16.1
T12 47.3 0 229.8 15.7
T13 41.4 0 228.4 15.0
T14 52.6 2 226.8 14.2
T15 91.5 0 250.7 26.2
T16 87.7 0 247.6 24.7
T17 88.3 0 249.3 25.5
T18 0.0 0 198.6 0.0

All the novel OD compositions (T1 to T5) provides synergistic control of mixed weed flora in paddy crop and also bearing higher number of productive tillers, compared to all the known formulations (T6 to T17).

Example 5: Control of mixed weedflora in paddy crop.
Crop : Paddy (direct seeded)
Target weeds : mixed weed flora (grasses+broadleaf+sedges)
Weed stage : more than 4 leaf stage
Location : Dhamtari, Chhattishgarh
Number of Treatments: eighteen
Replication : three
Method of application : foliar spray with backpack sprayer fitted with flatfan nozzle
Water volume : 400 liter per hectare
Weed flora of trial plot- Grasses 30% (Echinochloa spp.) broad leaf 40% (Monochoria spp., Saggitaaria spp., Alternethera spp.), sedges 30% (Cyperus irria, Scirpus spp.).
Observations: weed control (%) as per example 1.
Table 6: Treatment details.
Sr.no. Treatment compositions Application Rate (gai/h)

T1 Cyhalofop butyl 8%+Carfentrazone ethyl 2%+Metsulfuron methyl 0.3% OD 80+20+3
T2 Cyhalofop butyl 8%+Carfentrazone ethyl 2%+Halosulfuron methyl 5% OD 80+20+50
T3 Cyhalofop butyl 8%+Carfentrazone ethyl 2%+Penoxsulam 2% OD 80+20+20
T4 Cyhalofop butyl 8%+Carfentrazone ethyl 2%+Florpyrauxifen benzyl 2% OD 80+20+20
T5 Cyhalofop butyl 8%+Bispyribac sodium 2%+Metsulfuron methyl 0.3% OD 80+20+3
T6 Cyhalofop butyl 8%+Bispyribac sodium 2%+Halosulfuron methyl 5% OD 80+20+50
T7 Cyhalofop butyl 8%+Bispyribac sodium 2%+Carfentrazone ethyl 2% OD 80+20+20
T8 Cyhalofop butyl 5.33%+Bispyribac sodium 1.33%+2,4-d amine salt 20% OD 80+20+300
T9 Cyhalofop butyl 10% EC 80
T10 Carfentrazone ethyl 40% DF 20
T11 Bispyribac sodium 10% SC 20
T12 Metsulfuron methyl 20% WG 3
T13 Halosulfuron methyl 75% WG 50
T14 Penoxsulam 21.7% SC 20
T15 Florpyrauxifen-benzyl 2.7% EC 20
T16 2,4-D amine salt 58% SL 300
T17 Cyhalofop butyl 5%+Penoxsulam 1% OD (market product) 100+20
T18 Untreated Check (UTC) 0
T1 to T8-novel OD compositions,
Table 7: Synergistic weed control in paddy
Sr.no. Weed control (%) at 15 DAA Phytotoxicity to Paddy crop at 5 DAA No. of tillers per sq.m. Increase in no. of tillers over UTC
observed Expected Synergism (Y/N)
T1 98.3 87.4 Y 2 243.7 29.1
T2 98.7 88.8 Y 2 244.1 29.4
T3 100.0 92.1 Y 2 246.2 30.5
T4 100.0 93.4 Y 2 247.5 31.2
T5 96.2 90.5 Y 0 248.7 31.8
T6 97.6 91.5 Y 0 249.3 32.1
T7 96.3 90.7 Y 2 240.8 27.6
T8 98.7 92.3 Y 2 239.5 26.9
T9 61.3 0 225.4 19.4
T10 43.8 2 220.7 17.0
T11 57.4 0 228.4 21.0
T12 42.1 0 221.3 17.3
T13 48.4 0 224.6 19.0
T14 63.8 0 228.5 21.1
T15 69.5 0 231.7 22.8
T16 53.2 2 219.2 16.2
T17 89.6 0 235.3 24.7
T18 0.0 0 188.7 0.0

All the novel OD compositions (T1 to T8) provides synergistic control of mixed weed flora in paddy crop and also bearing higher number of productive tillers, compared to all the known formulations (T9 to T17). Leaf scorching observed, which was recovered within 15 days without affecting normal plant growth.

Example 6 : Control of mixed weedflora in paddy crop.
Crop : Paddy (direct seeded)
Target weeds : mixed weed flora (grasses+broadleaf+sedges)
Weed stage : 2 to 6 leaf stage
Location : Rajahmundry, Andhra Pradesh
Number of Treatments: twelve
Replication : three
Table 8: Treatment details
Sr. no. Treatment compositions Application Rate (gai/h)

T1 Cyhalofop butyl 17%+Penoxsulam 3.6%+Metsulfuron methyl 0.6% OD 85+18+3
T2 Cyhalofop butyl 17%+Penoxsulam 3.6%+Halosulfuron methyl 10% OD 85+18+50
T3 Cyhalofop butyl 5.67%+Penoxsulam 1.2%+2,4-D amine salt 20% OD 85+18+300
T4 Cyhalofop butyl 8.5%+Penoxsulam 1.8%+Bispyribac sodium 1.5% OD 85+18+15
T5 Cyhalofop butyl 10% EC 85
T6 Penoxsulam 21.7% SC 18
T7 Metsulfuron methyl 20% WG 3
T8 Halosulfuron methyl 75% WG 50
T9 2,4-D amine salt 58% SL 300
T10 Bispyribac sodium 10% SC 15
T11 Cyhalofop-butyl 5%+Penoxsulam 1% OD 100+20
T12 Untreated Check (UTC) 0
T1 to T4-novel OD compositions.
Table 9: Weed control in paddy crop.
Sr. no. Weed control (%) Phytotoxicity to Paddy crop No. of tillers per sq.m. Increase in no. of tillers over UTC
observed Expected Synergism (Y/N)
T1 96.4 92.6 Y 0 280.4 31.8
T2 100.0 93.1 Y 0 283.6 33.3
T3 99.6 93.8 Y 2 277.5 30.4
T4 99.2 93.9 Y 0 279.7 31.4
T5 65.7 0 261.3 22.8
T6 61.8 0 260.3 22.3
T7 43.6 0 255.6 20.1
T8 47.5 0 258.7 21.6
T9 52.8 2 256.1 20.3
T10 53.6 0 254.2 19.5
T11 87.2 0 265.1 24.6
T12 0.0 0 212.8 0.0

Novel OD compositions (T1 to T4) provides synergistic control of mixedweed flora and also produces higher number of productive tillers.

Example 7: Control of mixed weedflora in paddy crop.
Crop : Paddy (direct seeded)
Target weeds : mixed weed flora (grasses+broadleaf+sedges)
Weed stage : full grown weeds
Location : Cuttack, Odisha
Number of Treatments: twelve
Replication : three
Table 10: Treatment details
Sr. no. Treatment compositions Application Rate (gai/h)

T1 Cyhalofop butyl 3%+Bentazone 24%+Metsulfuron methyl 0.12% OD 75+600+3
T2 Cyhalofop butyl 3%+Bentazone 24%+Halosulfuron methyl 2% OD 75+600+50
T3 Cyhalofop butyl 3%+Bentazone 24%+Penoxsulam 0.8% OD 75+600+20
T5 Cyhalofop butyl 10% EC 75
T6 Bentazone 48% SL 600
T7 Metsulfuron methyl 20% WG 3
T8 Halosulfuron methyl 75% WG 50
T9 Penoxsulam 21.7% SC 20
T10 Cyhalofop butyl 10% EC+Bentazone 48% SL (tank mix) 100+960
T11 Cyhalofop butyl 5%+Penoxsulam 1% OD 100+20
T12 Untreated Check (UTC) 0
T1, T2, T3-novel OD compositions
Table 11: Synergistic weed control
Sr. no. Weed controrl (%) Phytotoxicity to Paddy crop No. of tillers per sq.m. Increase in no. of tillers over UTC
observed Expected Synergism (Y/N)
T1 99.2 93.2 Y 1 277.2 34.9
T2 100.0 94.2 Y 1 279.5 36.0
T3 100.0 94.0 Y 1 274.3 33.5
T5 42.7 0 253.8 23.5
T6 75.8 1 257.4 25.3
T7 50.7 0 246.3 19.9
T8 58.5 0 250.6 21.9
T9 56.4 0 248.2 20.8
T10 92.4 2 256.5 24.8
T11 80.4 0 261.4 27.2
T12 0.0 0 205.5 0.0

Novel OD compositions (T1 to T3) provides synergistic control of mixed weedflora and also produces higher number of productive tillers.

Example 8: Weed control in soybean crop (Glycine max).
Crop : Soybean
Target weeds : mixed weed flora (grasses+broadleaf)
Weed stage : 2 to 4 leaf stage
Location : Dhar, Madhya Pradesh
Number of Treatments: twenty
Replication : three
Method of application : foliar spray with backpack sprayer fitted with 2 nozzle boom.
Water volume : 400 liter per hectare
Weed flora of trial plot- Grasses 50% (Echinochloa colonum, Digitaria spp.) broad leaf 50% (Commelina benghalensis, Croton sperrsifeorus, Acalypha indica, Physalis minima)
Observations: weed control (%): Count the number of weeds (species wise) from 50 cm x 50 cm spot. Record the observations from 10 spots per plot.
Pod count: count the number of pods per plant. Record the observations from 10 plants per plot.
Table 12: Treatment details
Sr. no. Treatment compositions Application Rate (gai/h)

T1 Haloxyfop R methyl 9%+Imazethapyr 3%+Imazamox 4% OD 90+30+40
T2 Clodinafop propargyl 8%+Imazethapyr 3%+Imazamox 4% OD 80+30+40
T3 Propaquizafop 5%+Imazethapyr 3%+Imazamox 4% OD 50+30+40
T4 Quizalofop ethyl 4.5%+Imazethapyr 3%+Imazamox 4% OD 45+30+40
T5 Cyhalofop butyl 7%+Imazethapyr 3.5%+Imazamox 3.5% OD 70+35+35
T6 Metamifop 7%+Imazethapyr 3.5%+Imazamox 3.5% OD 70+35+35
T7 Metamifop 8%+Imazethapyr 4%+Imazamox 3% ME 80+40+30
T8 Imazethapyr 35%+Imazamox 35% WG** 35+35
T9 Propaquizafop 2.5%+Imazethapyr 3.75% ME 50+75
T10 Imazethapyr 70% WG* 30
T11 Imazethapyr 70% WG* 35
T12 Imazamox 70% WG* 40
T13 Imazamox 70% WG* 35
T14 Haloxyfop R methyl 10.5% EC 90
T15 Clodinafop propargyl 15% WP 80
T16 Propaquizafop 10% EC 50
T17 Quizalofop ethyl 10% EC 45
T18 Cyhalofop-butyl 10% EC 70
T19 Metamifop 10% EC 70
T20 Untreated Check (UTC) 0
T1 to T6-novel OD compositions, T7 to T9 known formulations, T10 to T19 market products. *Surfactant 1.5 ml/l+Ammonim sulphate 2 g/l water, ** MSO adjuvant @ 2 ml/l water
Table 13: Synergistic weed control in soybean crop.
Sr. no. Weed control (%) Phytotoxicity scale No. of pods per plant Increase in pods over UTC
observed Expected Synergism (Y/N)
T1 100.0 87.8 Y 1 44.3 108.0
T2 97.4 86.9 Y 1 42.1 97.7
T3 100.0 88.4 Y 1 43.8 105.6
T4 100.0 87.9 Y 1 44.0 106.6
T5 100.0 89.1 Y 1 44.1 107.0
T6 100.0 89.0 Y 1 42.9 101.4
T7 91.6 1 40.7 91.1
T8 80.2 1 37.5 76.1
T9 87.4 1 38.1 78.9
T10 42.7 1 31.9 49.8
T11 58.5 1 32.8 54.0
T12 56.3 1 34.7 62.9
T13 47.2 1 33.2 55.9
T14 51.4 0 30.8 44.6
T15 47.8 0 28.5 33.8
T16 53.8 0 30.5 43.2
T17 51.5 0 29.8 39.9
T18 50.3 0 29.7 39.4
T19 49.8 0 29.6 39.0
T20 0.0 0 21.3 0.0

All the novel OD compositions (T1 to T6) provides excellent synergistic control of mixed weedflora in soybean crop, without affecting normal plant growth and also bearing higher number of pods per plant as compared to known formulations (T7 to T9) and market products. The phytotoxicity symptoms mainly yellowing observed, which as recovered within 15 days.

Example 9: Weed control in Greengram (Vigna mungo).
Crop : Green gram
Target weeds : mixed weed flora (grasses+broadleaf)
Weed stage : 4 to 6 leaf stage
Location : Harda, Madhya Pradesh
Number of Treatments: seventeen
Replication : three
Method of application : foliar spray with backpack sprayer fitted with 2 nozzle boom.
Water volume : 400 liter per hectare
Weed flora of trial plot- Grasses 30% (Echinochloa colonum, Dactyloctenium spp., Dinebra spp.) broad leaf 65% (Commelina benghalensis, Commelina communis, Trianthem portulaca, Euphorbia hirta, Cyanotis axillaris), sedges 5% (Cyperus rotundus)
Observations: as per example 8.
Table 14: Treatment details.
Sr.no. Treatment compositions Application Rate (gai/h)

T1 Cyhalofop butyl 7%+Imazethapyr 5%+Acifluorfen sodium 14% OD 70+50+140
T2 Cyhalofop butyl 7%+Imazethapyr 5%+Fomesafen sodium 14% OD 70+50+140
T3 Cyhalofop butyl 7%+Imazethapyr 5%+Lactofen 14% OD 70+50+140
T4 Cyhalofop butyl 7%+Imazamox 4%+Acifluorfen sodium 14% OD 70+40+140
T5 Cyhalofop butyl 7%+Imazamox 4%+Fomesafen sodium 14% OD 70+40+140
T6 Cyhalofop butyl 7%+Imazamox 4%+Lactofen 14% OD 70+40+140
T7 Cyhalofop butyl 7%+Chlorimuron ethyl 0.75%+Acifluorfen sodium 14% OD 70+7.5+140
T8 Cyhalofop butyl 7%+Chlorimuron ethyl 0.75%+Fomesafen sodium 14% OD 70+7.5+140
T9 Cyhalofop butyl 7%+Chlorimuron ethyl 0.75%+Lactofen sodium 14% OD 70+7.5+140
T10 Cyhalofop butyl 10% EC 70
T11 Imazethapyr 70% WG* 50
T12 Imazamox 70% WG* 40
T13 Chlorimuron ethyl 25% WP** 7.5
T14 Acifluorfen sodium 20.1% SL 140
T15 Fomesafen sodium 22.1% SL 140
T16 Lactofen 24% EC 140
T17 Untreated Check (UTC) 0
T1 to T6-novel OD compositions, *Surfactant 1.5 ml/l+Ammonim sulphate 2 g/l water, ** Non ionic surfactant 2 ml/l water.

Table 15: Weed control in green gram.
Sr.no. Weed control (%) Phytotoxicity scale No. of pods per plant Increase in pods over UTC
observed Expected Synergism (Y/N)
T1 99.8 88.6 Y 1 21.7 123.7
T2 100.0 88.8 Y 1 22.1 127.8
T3 98.6 88.5 Y 1 20.9 115.5
T4 99.7 87.9 Y 1 21.5 121.6
T5 100.0 88.1 Y 1 20.8 114.4
T6 98.3 82.7 Y 1 20.5 111.3
T7 98.5 90.8 Y 1 21.8 124.7
T8 98.3 91.0 Y 1 20.4 110.3
T9 97.6 90.8 Y 1 20.1 107.2
T10 48.6 0 16.6 71.1
T11 43.7 1 17.8 83.5
T12 40.2 1 17.1 76.3
T13 54.7 1 15.9 63.9
T14 60.5 1 16.2 67.0
T15 61.2 1 16.3 68.0
T16 60.3 1 15.8 62.9
T17 0.0 0 9.7 0.0

All the novel OD compositions (T1 to T9) provides excellent synergistic control of mixed weedflora in green gram crop, and also bearing higher number of pods per plant The phytotoxicity symptoms mainly leaf spot/scorching observed, which as recovered within 15 days.
Example 10: Weed control in Soybean.
Crop : soybean
Target weeds : mixed weed flora (grasses+broadleaf)
Weed stage : 4 to 6 leaf stage
Location : Amrawati, Maharashtra
Number of Treatments: seventeen
Replication : three
Method of application : foliar spray with backpack sprayer fitted with 2 nozzle boom.
Water volume : 400 liter per hectare
Weed flora of trial plot- Grasses 50%, broad leaf 50%.
Observations: as per example 8.
Table 16: Treatment details
Sr.no. Treatment compositions Application Rate (gai/h)

T1 Metamifop 6%+Imazethapyr 3%+Acifluorfen sodium 12% OD 75+37.5+150
T2 Metamifop 6%+Imazethapyr 3%+Fomesafen sodium 12% OD 75+37.5+150
T3 Metamifop 6%+Imazethapyr 3%+Lactofen 12% OD 75+37.5+150
T4 Metamifop 6%+Imazamox 3%+Acifluorfen sodium 12% OD 75+37.5+150
T5 Metamifop 6%+Imazamox 3%+Fomesafen sodium 12% OD 75+37.5+150
T6 Metamifop 6%+Imazamox 3%+Lactofen 12% OD 75+37.5+150
T7 Metamifop 7.5%+Chlorimuron ethyl 0.7%+Acifluorfen sodium 15% OD 75+7+150
T8 Metamifop 7.5%+Chlorimuron ethyl 0.7%+Fomesafen sodium 15% OD 75+7+150
T9 Metamifop 7.5%+Chlorimuron ethyl 0.7%+Lactofen sodium 15% OD 75+7+150
T10 Metamifop 10% EC 75
T11 Imazethapyr 70% WG* 37.5
T12 Imazamox 70% WG* 37.5
T13 Chlorimuron ethyl 25% WP** 7
T14 Acifluorfen sodium 20.1% SL 150
T15 Fomesafen sodium 22.1% SL 150
T16 Lactofen 24% EC 150
T17 Untreated Check (UTC) 0
T1 to 9-novel OD compositions
Table 17: Weed control in soybean crop.
Sr.no. Weed control (%) Phytotoxicity scale No. of pods per plant Increase in pods over UTC
observed Expected Synergism (Y/N)
T1 99.3 86.9 Y 1 21.7 123.7
T2 98.7 86.5 Y 1 22.1 127.8
T3 97.6 86.4 Y 1 20.9 115.5
T4 99.1 86.6 Y 1 21.5 121.6
T5 99.5 86.3 Y 1 20.8 114.4
T6 98.3 80.8 Y 1 20.5 111.3
T7 97.8 87.7 Y 1 21.8 124.7
T8 98.5 87.4 Y 1 20.4 110.3
T9 96.8 87.3 Y 1 20.1 107.2
T10 49.7 0 16.6 71.1
T11 38.8 1 17.8 83.5
T12 37.5 1 17.1 76.3
T13 42.8 1 15.9 63.9
T14 57.4 1 16.2 67.0
T15 56.3 1 16.3 68.0
T16 55.8 1 15.8 62.9
T17 0.0 0 9.7 0.0

All the novel OD compositions (T1 to T9) provides excellent synergistic control of mixed weedflora in soybean, and also bearing higher number of pods per plant.

Example 11: Weed control in Groundnut.
Crop : Groundnut
Target weeds : mixed weed flora (grasses+broadleaf)
Weed stage : 4 to 6 leaf stage
Location : Idar, Gujarat
Number of Treatments: eighteen
Replication : three
Method of application: foliar spray with backpack sprayer fitted with 2 nozzle boom.
Water volume : 400 liter per hectare
Weed flora of trial plot- Grasses 60%, broad leaf 40%.
Observations: as per example 8.
Table 18: Treatment details.

Sr.no. Treatment compositions Application Rate (gai/h) Weed control (%)
observed Expected Synergism (Y/N)
T1 Haloxyfop R methyl 8%+Imazethapyr 4%+Acifluorfen sodium 10% OD 100+50+125 98.1 92.7 Y
T2 Haloxyfop R methyl 8%+Imazethapyr 4%+Fomesafen sodium 10% OD (Recipe: HRMIMF 220) 100+50+125 98.6 92.8 Y
T3 Haloxyfop R methyl 8%+Imazethapyr 4%+Lactofen 10% OD 100+50+125 96.8 92.3 Y
T4 Haloxyfop R methyl 9%+Imazamox 6%+Acifluorfen sodium 12.5% OD 90+60+125 97.8 91.8 Y
T5 Haloxyfop R methyl 9%+Imazamox 6%+Fomesafen sodium 12.5% OD 90+60+125 98.4 92.0 Y
T6 Haloxyfop R methyl 9%+Imazamox 6%+Lactofen 12.5% OD 90+60+125 96.2 92.8 Y
T7 Haloxyfop R methyl 9%+Chlorimuron ethyl 0.6%+Acifluorfen sodium 12.5% OD 90+6+125 96.9 89.7 Y
T8 Haloxyfop R methyl 9%+Chlorimuron ethyl 0.6%+Fomesafen sodium 12.5% OD 90+6+125 97.5 89.9 Y
T9 Haloxyfop R methyl 9%+Chlorimuron ethyl 0.6%+Lactofen 12.5% OD 90+6+125 95.5 89.2 Y
T10 Haloxyfop R methyl 10.5% EC 100 62.7
T11 Haloxyfop R methyl 10.5% EC 90 59.5
T12 Imazethapyr 70% WG* 50 58.4
T13 Imazamox 70% WG* 60 53.5
T14 Chlorimuron ethyl 25% WP** 6 41.6
T15 Acifluorfen sodium 20.1% SL 125 52.8
T16 Fomesafen sodium 22.1% SL 125 53.7
T17 Lactofen 24% EC 125 50.2
T18 Untreated Check (UTC) 0 0.0
*Surfactant 1.5 ml/l+Ammonim sulphate 2 g/l water, ** Non ionic surfactant 2 ml/l water
All the novel OD compositions (T1 to T9) provides excellent synergistic control of mixed weedflora in groundnut crop. Phytotoxicity in terms of little yellowing of leaves was observed, which was recovered within 15 days without affecting normal plant growth.

Spreading properties study:
Method: Spreading properties test conducted by preparing 1% solution (1 ml formulation in 100 ml water). Drop the solution on leaf surface (paddy leaf) and measure the spreading diameter (mm) after 30 seconds. Spreading diameter measured by graph paper.
Compositions Room temperature storage
1 month 6 months 12 months
(Spreading diameter in millimeter)
Cyhalofop butyl 8%+Carfentrazone ethyl 2%+Penoxsulam 2% OD (Recipe: CYCFP 120A) 23 21 20
Cyhalofop butyl 8%+Carfentrazone ethyl 2%+Penoxsulam 2% OD (Recipe: CYCFP 120B) 12 10 7
Cyhalofop butyl 8%+Carfentrazone ethyl 2%+Penoxsulam 2% OD (Recipe: CYCFP 120C) 11 9 6

The novel OD composition of Cyhalofop butyl 8%+Carfentrazone ethyl 2%+ Penoxsulam 2% OD (Recipe: CYCFP 120A) shows excellent spreading properties as compared to Recipe: CYCFP 120B and Recipe: CYCFP 120C. This will improves the bioefficacy under field condition, ensures quick control of target weeds and also improves the rainfast properties during rainy days.

Overall field trials summary:
All the novel OD compositions provides synergistic and residual control of mixed weed flora in paddy, soybean, green gram and groundnut crop. Novel OD compositions provides quick control and higher efficacy as compared conventional formulations OD, EC, SC and tank mixes.

,CLAIMS:CLAIMS
We claim;
[CLAIM 1]. An Oil Dispersion agrochemical composition comprising:
a. a compound from Aryloxyphenoxy-propionic herbicide is selected from clodinafop propargyl, cyhalofop butyl, diclofop methyl, fenoxaprop-P-ethyl, fluazifop-P-butyl, haloxyfop-R-methyl, metamifop, propaquizafop, quizalofop-P-ethyl, quizalofop-P-tefuryl present in an amount of 1% to 30% w/w;
b. a herbicide compound selected from Florpyrauxifen benzyl, Penoxsulam, Carfentrazone ethyl, Bentazone, Metsulfuron methyl, Halosulfuron methyl, Carfentrazone ethyl, 2,4-D amine salt, Bispyribac sodium, Triafamone, Imazethapyr, Acifluorfen sodium, Fomesafen sodium, Lactofen, Imazamox, Chlorimuron ethyl, Imazethapyr or mixture thereof present in an amount of 1% to 50% w/w;
c. a super wetting-spreading-penetrating agent is polyalkylene oxide modified heptamethyl trisiloxane present in an amount of 1% to 20% w/w;
d. carrier solvent selected from pongamia oil, palm oil, mahua oil or combination thereof or blend thereof with vegetable oil present in an amount of 10% to 80% w/w; and
one or more formulation excipients.

[CLAIM 2]. The Oil Dispersion agrochemical composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein preferred combinations of active ingredients in the said Oil Dispersion agrochemical composition comprises:
i. Cyhalofop butyl 10%+Florpyrauxifen benzyl 2%;
ii. Cyhalofop butyl 5%+Penoxsulam 1%;
iii. Cyhalofop butyl 8%+Carfentrazone ethyl 2%;
iv. Haloxyfop R methyl 8%+Imazethapyr 4%+Fomesafen sodium 10%;
v. Cyhalofop butyl 8%+ Carfentrazone ethyl 2% + Penoxsulam 2%.
vi. Cyhalofop butyl 8%+Carfentrazone ethyl 2%+Metsulfuron methyl 0.3%;
vii. Cyhalofop butyl 8%+Carfentrazone ethyl 2%+Halosulfuron methyl 5%;
viii. Cyhalofop butyl 8%+Carfentrazone ethyl 2%+Florpyrauxifen benzyl 2%
ix. Cyhalofop butyl 8%+Florpyrauxifen benzyl 1.5%+Bispyribac sodium 1.5%;
x. Cyhalofop butyl 7.5%+Florpyrauxifen benzyl 2%+Metsulfuron methyl 0.3%;
xi. Cyhalofop butyl 5%+Florpyrauxifen benzyl 1.33%+2,4-D amine salt 20%;
xii. Cyhalofop butyl 7.5%+Florpyrauxifen benzyl 2%+Halosulfuron methyl 5%;
xiii. Cyhalofop butyl 8%+Bispyribac sodium 2%+Metsulfuron methyl 0.3%;
xiv. Cyhalofop butyl 8%+Bispyribac sodium 2%+Halosulfuron methyl 5%;
xv. Cyhalofop butyl 8%+Bispyribac sodium 2%+Carfentrazone ethyl 2% ;
xvi. Cyhalofop butyl 5.33%+Bispyribac sodium 1.33%+2,4-d amine salt 20%.
xvii. Cyhalofop butyl 17%+Penoxsulam 3.6%+Metsulfuron methyl 0.6%;
xviii. Cyhalofop butyl 17%+Penoxsulam 3.6%+Halosulfuron methyl 10%;
xix. Cyhalofop butyl 5.67%+Penoxsulam 1.2%+2,4-D amine salt 20%;
xx. Cyhalofop butyl 8.5%+Penoxsulam 1.8%+Bispyribac sodium 1.5%;
xxi. Cyhalofop butyl 3%+Bentazone 24%+Metsulfuron methyl 0.12%;
xxii. Cyhalofop butyl 3%+Bentazone 24%+Halosulfuron methyl 2%;
xxiii. Cyhalofop butyl 3%+Bentazone 24%+Penoxsulam 0.8%;
xxiv. Haloxyfop R methyl 9%+Imazethapyr 3%+Imazamox 4%;
xxv. Clodinafop propargyl 8%+Imazethapyr 3%+Imazamox 4%;
xxvi. Propaquizafop 5%+Imazethapyr 3%+Imazamox 4%;
xxvii. Quizalofop ethyl 4.5%+Imazethapyr 3%+Imazamox 4%;
xxviii. Cyhalofop butyl 7%+Imazethapyr 3.5%+Imazamox 3.5%;
xxix. Metamifop 7%+Imazethapyr 3.5%+Imazamox 3.5%;
xxx. Cyhalofop butyl 7%+Imazethapyr 5%+Acifluorfen sodium 14%;
xxxi. Cyhalofop butyl 7%+Imazethapyr 5%+Fomesafen sodium 14%;
xxxii. Cyhalofop butyl 7%+Imazethapyr 5%+Lactofen 14%;
xxxiii. Cyhalofop butyl 7%+Imazamox 4%+Acifluorfen sodium 14%;
xxxiv. Cyhalofop butyl 7%+Imazamox 4%+Fomesafen sodium 14%;
xxxv. Cyhalofop butyl 7%+Imazamox 4%+Lactofen 14%;
xxxvi. Metamifop 6%+Imazethapyr 3%+Acifluorfen sodium 12%;
xxxvii. Metamifop 6%+Imazethapyr 3%+Fomesafen sodium 12%;
xxxviii. Metamifop 6%+Imazethapyr 3%+Lactofen 12% ;
xxxix. Metamifop 6%+Imazamox 3%+Acifluorfen sodium 12%;
xl. Metamifop 6%+Imazamox 3%+Fomesafen sodium 12%;
xli. Metamifop 6%+Imazamox 3%+Lactofen 12%;
xlii. Metamifop 7.5%+Chlorimuron ethyl 0.7%+Acifluorfen sodium 15%;
xliii. Metamifop 7.5%+Chlorimuron ethyl 0.7%+Fomesafen sodium 15%;
xliv. Metamifop 7.5%+Chlorimuron ethyl 0.7%+Lactofen sodium 15%;
xlv. Haloxyfop R methyl 8%+Imazethapyr 4%+Acifluorfen sodium 10%;
xlvi. Haloxyfop R methyl 8%+Imazethapyr 4%+Fomesafen sodium 10%;
xlvii. Haloxyfop R methyl 8%+Imazethapyr 4%+Lactofen 10%;
xlviii. Haloxyfop R methyl 9%+Imazamox 6%+Acifluorfen sodium 12.5%;
xlix. Haloxyfop R methyl 9%+Imazamox 6%+Fomesafen sodium 12.5%;
l. Haloxyfop R methyl 9%+Imazamox 6%+Lactofen 12.5%;
li. Haloxyfop R methyl 9%+Chlorimuron ethyl 0.6%+Acifluorfen sodium 12.5%;
lii. Haloxyfop R methyl 9%+Chlorimuron ethyl 0.6%+Fomesafen sodium 12.5%;
liii. Haloxyfop R methyl 9%+Chlorimuron ethyl 0.6%+Lactofen 12.5%.

[CLAIM 3]. The synergistic Oil Dispersion agrochemical composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein solvent is a carrier oil phase selected from pongamia oil; or palm oil; or Mahua (Madhuca) oil; or jojoba oil; blend of pongamia oil and palm oil; or blend of pongamia oil and mahua oil; or blend of pongamia oil and jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis); or blend of palm oil and jojoba oil; or blend of pongamia oil and vegetable oil; or blend of palm oil and mahua oil; or blend of palm oil and jojoba oil; or blend of palm oil and vegetable oil; or blend of pongamia oil, palm oil and mahua oil; or blend of pongamia oil, palm oil and jojoba oil; blend of pongamia oil, palm oil and vegetable oil.

[CLAIM 4]. The synergistic Oil Dispersion agrochemical composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein vegetable oil may be selected from one or mixture of two or more selected from soybean (Glycine max) oil, groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) oil, rapeseed (Brassica napus subspecies) oil, mustard (Brassica juncea) oil, sesame (Sesamum indicum) oil, Corn (Zea mays) oil, rice (Oryza sativa) bran oil, castor (Ricinum communis) seed oil, cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) seed oil, linseed (Linum usitatissimum), coconut (Cocos nucifera) oil, Kapok (Ceiba pentandra) oil, Papaya (Carica papaya) seed oil, Tea seed (Camellia oleifera) oil, sunflower (Helianthus annuus) oil, safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) seed oil, Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus) oil, Olive (Olea europaea) oil, Jatropha (Jatropha curcas) oil, Garlic acid (Allium sativum), Ginger oil (Zingiber officinale), D-limonene, Citronella oil or Ceylon ironwood (Mesua ferrea) oil, Mahua (Madhuca longifolia) oil.

[CLAIM 5]. The synergistic Oil Dispersion agrochemical composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein formulation excipients are selected from category of emulsifying agent present in amount of 2% - 12% w/w; dispersing agent present in amount of 1 % - 10% w/w; stabilizer present in amount of 0.1% - 4 % w/w; antifoaming agent present in amount of 0.01% - 2 % w/w; preservative present in amount of 0.1% - 4 % w/w; anti-freezing agent present in amount of 0.5% - 10 % w/w; optionally buffering agents present in amount of 0.01% - 4 % w/w.

[CLAIM 6]. The synergistic Oil Dispersion agrochemical composition as claimed in claim 5, wherein an emulsifying agent is selected from castor oil ethoxylates, alcohol ethoxylates, fatty acid ethoxylates, sorbitan ester ethoxylates, sulphosuccinate, calcium salts of dodecylbenzene sulphonate, alkylammonium salts of alkylbenzene sulphonate, alkylsulphosuccinate salts, ethylene oxide-propylene oxide block copolymers, ethoxylated alkylamines, ethoxylated alkyl phenols, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate.

[CLAIM 7]. The synergistic Oil Dispersion agrochemical composition as claimed in claim 5, wherein dispersing agent is selected from preparation of condensed naphthalene sulfonate, Propoxylated Ethoxylated copolymer monoalkylether (ethylhexanol), alkyl sulfonates, alkyl benzene sulfonates, alkyl aryl sulfonates, alkylphenolalkoxylates, tristyrylphenol ethoxylates, natural or synthetic fatty ethoxylate alcohols, natural or synthetic fatty acid alkoxylates, natural or synthetic fatty alcohols alkoxylates, alkoxylated alcohols (such as n-butyl alcohol poly glycol ether), block copolymers (such as ethylene oxide-propylene oxide block copolymers and ethylene oxide-butylene oxide block copolymers), fatty acid-polyalkylene glycol condensates, polyamine-fatty acid condensates, polyester condensates, salts of polyolefin condensates, sodium ligno sulfonate, sodium ploycarboxylate, EO/PO based copolymer, phenol sulfonate, sodium methyl oleoyl taurate, acrylic copolymer blend, styrene acrylic acid copolymer, propyleneoxide-ethyleneoxide-copolymer, polyethylene glycol 2,4,6-tristyrylphenyl ether, tristyrylphenol-polyglycolether-phosphate, tristyrylphenole with 16 moles EO, tristyrylphenol-polyglycolether-phosphate, oleyl-polyglycolether with ethylene oxide, tallow fattyamine polyethylene oxide, nonylphenol polyglycolether with 9-10 moles ethylene oxide.

[CLAIM 8]. The synergistic Oil Dispersion agrochemical composition as claimed in claim 5, wherein stabilizer is selected from hectorite clay, aluminium magnesium silicate, bentonite clay, silica, silicon dioxide, attapulgite clay.

[CLAIM 9]. The synergistic Oil Dispersion agrochemical composition as claimed in claim 5, wherein antifoaming agent is selected from silicone oil, silicone compound, C10~C20 saturated fat acid compounds or C8~C10 aliphatic alcohols compound, silicone antifoam emulsion, dimethylsiloxane, polydimethyl siloxane.

[CLAIM 10]. The synergistic Oil Dispersion agrochemical composition as claimed in claim 5, wherein anti-freezing agent is selected from ethylene glycol, propane diols, glycerine or the urea, glycol (Monoethylene glycol, Diethylene glycol, Propylene glycol, Polypropylene glycol, Polyethylene glycol), glycerine, urea, magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, sodium chloride.

[CLAIM 11]. The synergistic Oil Dispersion agrochemical composition as claimed in claim 5, wherein preservative is selected from 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3(2H)-one, sodium salt, sodium benzoate, 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol, formaldehyde, sodium o-phenylphenate, 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one & 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, Butyl hydroxyl toluene.

[CLAIM 12]. The synergistic Oil Dispersion agrochemical composition as claimed in claim 5, wherein optionally buffering agent is selected Citric acid, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sulphuric acid, hydrochloric acid, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, acetic acid, sorbic acid.