FORM 2
THE PATENTS ACT, 1970
(39 of 1970)
&
THE PATENTS RULES, 2003
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION (See section 10, rule 13)
"A SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR DETERMINING THE LOCATION OF A MOVING OBJECT IN A SECLUDED SPACE"
SAAB AB, a Swedish company, of SE-581 88 LINKOPING, Sweden
The following specification particularly describes the invention and the manner in which it is to be performed.

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-A system and method for deteaniaiag-lrliL lutdliiui of-a-jtsoykig obi>nt in a secluded
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention relates to a system for determining the location of a moving object in a secluded space according to the preamble of claim 1. The invention particularly relates to a system for use in combat training.
5
The invention further relates to a method for determining the location of a moving object in a secluded space.
10 PRIOR ART
Combat training systems existing today are generally built-up based on a central station communicating with a number of players such as soldiers, laser based weapon simulation systems, etc. The players are arranged to report to the central station registered events such as fire/trigger, detonation, hit, far miss, near miss and side
15 effects together with time information and information about the location of the player.
It has become more and more important to train soldiers for battles not only in conventional training terrain but also in urban terrain. However, in urban terrain
20 conventional position location systems such as GPS do not function properly, as the GPS-signals do not reach indoors and other secluded spaces. Therefore, it has not been possible to directly apply the combat training systems to training in urban terrain without first solving the problem of position determination in secluded spaces, such as in buildings.
25
US patent 5 917 425 describes a system for determining the location and the identity of a device or person in an enclosure. The system comprises a plurality of stationary infrared transmitters distributed in various zones within the enclosure and a plurality of portable transceivers each being associated to a dedicated person or device. Each
30 of said transmitters includes means for generating an infrared location code signal
CONFIRMATION COPY
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Representative of the location of the associated transmitter within the enclosure. Each
of said portable transceivers is formed of an infrared receiver responsive to detect infrared location code signals from stationary infrared transmitters, means for generating a PIN signal representative of the person or device with which the portable
5 transceiver is associated, and an RF transmitter to generate bursts of an RF output signal representative of the PIN code and the detected location code for detection by a remote RF receiver and use at a central station.
WO 97/35208 concerns a method and device for determining the position of moving
10 objects, in particular moving participants in battle practice. Optoelectronic transmitters are disposed in sections/rooms/shelters in the battle practice field, the optoelectronic transmitters continuously emitting data concerning at least the transmitter position. If a moving object enters the optoelectronic transmitter reception range, a receiver of the moving object receives the data concerning the transmitter position
15 and the received data is transmitted via a radio data transmission system to a battle control centre. The method described enables the exact position of the moving objects and participants in the battle practice to be determined even when they are located in rooms or on sites which makes it impossible to determine positions using GPS signals.
20
US patent 6 579 097 describes a method of training players in an urban environment. The method comprises the steps of equipping a plurality of players with optical detectors, SAT-equipped small arms weapons and player units; installing a locator in a combat area and causing the players to enter the combat area. The locator emits
25 infrared energy, the infrared energy having a location code located therein. The optical detectors of at least one of the players that has entered the combat area receives the infrared energy emitted from the locator, and the location code in the received infrared energy is logged in the player unit of a player that has received the infrared energy.
30
Using the above mentioned solutions, it is possible to provide position determination also in secluded spaces, such as in buildings. In a combat training system based on these position determination solutions for urban training, the central unit has means for relating every received location code to a specific space or a specific room in a
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specific building, for example graphically. However, it is not possible to apply the above mentioned positioning determination solutions in communication with units which are not provided with the above mentioned means. Especially, with the above mentioned position determination methods, the player units themselves do not know
5 their positions.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
One object of the invention is to provide a position location system for secluded
10 spaces, which is not burdened with the above mentioned drawbacks, and thus
delivers position information which need not be decoded before use.
This is in one embodiment of the present invention solved by a system for determining the location of a moving object in a secluded space, such as a building. The
15 system comprises a) at least one first transmitter placed in the secluded space,
wherein each of the first transmitters is arranged to emit a code associated to said transmitter; b) a first receiver arranged on each moving object, said receiver being arranged to receive said code, and c) a first processing unit arranged on each moving object, said processing unit being arranged to process codes from said first receiver
20 in order to determine the location of the moving object from said code. The system is characterized in that the code is representative of a coordinate in a predetermined coordinate system. The predetermined coordinate system is a coordinate system used for positioning outdoors and in other non-secluded spaces. Thereby, a seamless integration is provided between the positioning system used in secluded spaces and
25 the positioning system used outdoors. The predetermined coordinate system is in one embodiment a global positioning system, such as GPS. It can also be a local positioning system, for example using a plurality of transmitters, such as radio transmitters, geometrically distributed over a geographical field and having known positions.
30
The system for determining the location of a moving object in a building or another secluded space can be used in military training in urban terrain, but also in other applications such as in police education or in rescue service. In a case where the system is used in military training, the moving objects are soldiers, weapons with
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associated shooting simulators, vehicles, etc. When the system is used in other applications, the moving objects are persons and movable equipment applicable in the specific application.
5 Each code denotes a specific zone of the secluded space. Each moving object is then provided with means for storing a cross-reference table comprising each zone and its associated coordinate in said predetermined coordinate system and the processing means are arranged to convert the received code to the associated coordinate in the predetermined coordinate system using said cross-reference table.
10
In accordance with one embodiment of the invention at least one second transmitter is arranged in or in the vicinity of the secluded space, said second transmitter being arranged to transmit said cross-reference table data. The second transmitter is installed such that the transmission of table data reaches objects entering the
15 secluded space. Each moving object is then provided with a second receiver
Operatively connected to said storing means, said second received being arranged to receive the table data from said second transmitter, and the storing means are arranged to store the table data at least as long as the moving object is in the secluded space. Alternatively, each moving object is provided with a pre-stored cross-
20 reference table comprising each zone and its associated coordinate in said predetermined coordinate system.
The present invention also relates to a combat training system comprising a number of players, wherein each player is arranged to determine its location. The combat
25 training system is characterized in that the above described system for determining the location of a moving object is arranged to determine the location information for the player when the player is within a secluded space.
In one embodiment of the combat training system according each player is arranged 30 to emit the location information to a central unit and/or to the other players. Further, the processing means can be arranged to associate time data to the determined location information, whereupon the location information is emitted with the associated time information.
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The invention further involves a method for determining the location of a moving object in a secluded space, such as a building. The method comprises emitting a code into a zone of the secluded space, said code being associated to said zone; receiving at each moving object present within a zone of said secluded space the associated
5 code; and processing at each moving object the received code in order to determine the location of the moving object. The method is characterized in that the processing involves converting the received code to an associated coordinate in a predetermined coordinate system using a cross-reference table comprising each zone and its associated coordinate in the predetermined coordinate system.
10
The systems and method according to the invention has a number of advantages compared to prior art techniques. As the position information for the moving objects is obtained in a coordinate system used outside the secluded spaces, the position information obtained from moving objects in the secluded spaces do not require
15 special treatment. This advantage is especially appreciable hi a distributed system, wherein the moving objects transmit position information to each other, as each moving object does not need to be able to handle position information requiring special treatment. In fact, objects receiving the position information (such as a central unit, moving objects other than the object generating the position information,
20 or the object generating the position information and logging its movements in a log memory) are not able to determine whether the moving object generating the position information is within a secluded area or a non-secluded area from the format of the position information, i.e. the systems/method according to the invention provides seamless integration between the positioning system for secluded spaces and the
25 positioning system used outdoors.
SHORT DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING Fig 1 shows an example of a part of a training field.
30
Fig 2 shows schematically an example of a building in the training field.
Fig 3 is a block diagram showing the equipment of players participating in combat training in the training field.
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Fig 4 shows schematically an alternative example of a building in the training field.
5 PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
In fig 1, a number of players 1 participate in combat training in a training field. The training field includes convention combat training terrain as well as urban terrain with a building 2 or otherwise secluded space for example in the form of a roof structure. The secluded space can also be for example a bunker or a ship.
10
The players are in the shown example soldiers, a vehicle and a weapon simulation system, which is mounted on a real weapon. The players need to be continuously updated with position information in order to simulate events and for position reports to game control. The players are arranged to simulate events such as fire/trigger,
15 detonation, hit, far miss, near miss, side effects, etc. However, methods for
simulating events are not subject-matter for this description. It is just assumed that the players have equipment for performing simulations of this kind. The events are associated to a point in time and to a geographic position. The time information and geographic position information are for example obtained via reception of a GPS-
20 signal 4. However, coordinate systems other than latitude and longitude can be used, and the time and position information can be obtained in a number of other ways. In one example, a plurality of radio transmitters are distributed over the training field, each transmitter having a known position. The transmitters are arranged to emit a signal identifying the transmitter and preferably including time information. The
25 player equipment is then arranged to upon reception of said transmitter signals acquire the time information and to calculate its own position by use of known triangulation methods. However, satellite based systems, such as GPS, do not provide sufficient signal strength indoors. Thus, the GPS-system, and other systems based on transmittal of high-frequency signals, does not function in secluded spaces.
30
In fig 2, a building 5 in the training field is provided with transmitters 6 each mounted in the ceiling and each arranged to emit a code pertaining to a zone of the building. In smaller rooms 7 of the building 5, each zone coincides with the corresponding room. Each transmitter 6 is arranged in the room, and can be arranged
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in the vicinity of an opening to the room. In a case where the room can be entered from several places, a code transmitter may be arranged in the vicinity of each such place, such in the vicinity of each door and window of the room. In a larger room 8, where several zones 8a, 8b are required in order to obtain adequate accuracy in the
5 position determination, the zones are not as sharply marked off as a room. In this
case the code transmitters 6 may be arranged to emit radiation in a distinct lobe, such as a laser lobe, and to sweep over a volume defining the zone.
The code transmitters are for example optical transmitter. The transmitters are in the
10 shown example mounted in the ceiling, but can also be mounted on the walls, in doorcases etc.
A transmitter 9, preferably a radio transmitter, is arranged in the vicinity of the entrance to the building. The transmitter 9 is arranged to emit data concerning a
15 cross-reference table comprising codes for each zone of the building, wherein each code is associated to a coordinate in the coordinate system used outdoors. The table data emitted by the transmitter 9 is stored in a memory unit 10 operatively connected to the transmitter 9. The table data is loaded into the memory unit 10 using a technique known in the art. The table data transmitter 9 is mounted in such a position
20 that the probability that players entering the building receive the table data is
sufficiently high. If the building has more than one entrance, a table data transmitter 9 can be mounted in the vicinity of each entrance. The table data transmitter can be arranged either outdoors or in the building. Alternatively, the signal strength, and thus reception range, of the table data transmitter is such that one transmitter can be
25 placed anywhere in the building or its close vicinity.
In fig 3, equipment 11 worn by the players, for example in a vest, harness or helmet, includes a receiver 12 arranged to receive the code. The player equipment 11 further comprise a receiver 13 arranged to receive the table data and a memory unit 14,
30 associated to said table data receiver 13 and arranged to store said table data. The code transmitter 12 and the memory unit 14 are connected to a processing unit 15. The received code is fed to the processing unit 15. Upon reception, the processing unit 15 is arranged to compare the received code with the codes of the memory unit 14 and to acquire the coordinate from the memory unit 14 associated to the code
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coinciding with the code from the code transmitter 12. The acquired coordinate is in one example logged in a log memory 16, preferably designed in software and connected to the processing unit 15. The movements of the players are then logged in the log memory 16 and the data of the log memory can after training be loaded into a
5 review unit, wherein the movements of the players during training can be visualized on a map or the like. In another example, the acquired coordinate is used by the processing unit 15 in simulation of events. In a third example, the acquired coordinate is emitted as position information using a position information transmitter 17. The emitted position information is then received either by a central unit 19 or by
10 other players 20, or by both. The position information transmitter is for example a ort range radio transmitter working in the 900 MHz range.
In an extended example, each code transmitter 6 is also connected to a clock function and arranged to emit time data along with the code. In accordance with this example
15 the position information transmitter 17 is arranged to emit the time data along with the coordinate data. Alternatively, the clock function is comprised in the player equipment 11. Either way, the processing unit 15 is arranged to time mark the data sent to the log book 16, sent to the position information transmitter 17, and/or used for further processing in the processing unit 15.
20
The equipment 11 further comprises a receiver 18 arranged to receive coordinate data for the player. Characteristically, the receiver only function properly outdoors, in non-secluded spaces. The receiver is for example a GPS-receiver, as discussed above. The coordinate data received by the receiver 18 is fed to the processing unit,
25 which is arranged to feed the coordinate data to the log book or to the position
information transmitter 17, and/or to use the coordinate data for event simulation in the same manner as discussed above. Thus, the equipment 11 provides coordinate data for the player both in secluded spaces and in non-secluded spaces. In an extended example, the processing unit is arranged to evaluate the strength of the data
30 received from the GPS-receiver 18 and the data received from the code receiver 12 and based on that evaluation determine from which receiver the processing unit shall fetch its data for location determination.
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In fig 4, the building 5 is provided with a plurality of transmitters 6, each arranged to emit a code pertaining to a zone of the secluded space, as in the example described in relation to fig 2. However, in accordance with this example, the code coincides with a coordinate for the zone given in the coordinate system used outdoors. The table
5 data transmitter(s) 9 is(are) then not required and the processing unit of the player
equipment is arranged to receive the coordinate and without further processing of the coordinate feed it to the log book, feed it to the position information transmitter 17 and/or use it for event simulation.
10 In another example, also illustrated by fig 4, the building 5 is provided with a
plurality of transmitters 6, each arranged to emit a code pertaining to a zone of the secluded space, as in the case of fig 2. The code for each zone is unique for the whole training field, i.e. no other identified secluded spaces of the training field have a zone with a code identical to those in the building 5. The player equipment memory
15 unit 14 comprises pre-loaded data comprising codes for the whole training field with associated coordinates. The table data transmitter(s) is(are) not required. The processing unit of the player equipment is then arranged to compare the received code with the codes of the memory unit and to acquire the coordinate from the memory unit associated to the code coinciding with the code from the code
20 transmitter.
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CLAIMS
1. A system for determining the location of a moving object in a secluded space
' (2; 5), said system comprising
- at least one first transmitter (6) placed in the secluded space, wherein each of
5 the first transmitters (6) is arranged to emit a code associated to said
transmitter,
- a first receiver (12) arranged on each moving object, said receiver being arranged to receive said code, and
- a first processing unit (15) arranged on each moving object, said processing
10 unit (15) being arranged to process codes from said first receiver (12) in order
to determine the location of the moving object from said code, characterized in that -each code denotes a specific zone (7, 8 a, 8b) of the space,
- each moving object is provided with means (14) for storing a cross-reference
15 table comprising each zone and its associated coordinate in a predetermined
coordinate system, and
- said processing means (15) are arranged to convert each code to the associated coordinate in the predetermined coordinate system using said cross-reference table.
20
2. A system according to claim 2, characterized in that
- at least a second transmitter (9) is arranged to transmit said table data to
objects entering the secluded space,
- each player is provided with a second receiver (13) operatively connected to
25 said storing means (14), said second receiver (13) being arranged to receive the
table data from said second transmitter (9), and
- the storing means (14) are arranged to store the table data at least as long as
the player is within the secluded space.
30 3. A system according to claim 1,characterized in that said predetermined coordinate system is a global positioning system, such as GPS.
4. A system according to claim 1,characterized in that said processing means are arranged to associate time data to said determined location.
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5. A system according to claim 1,characterized in that each moving
object of a first subset of the moving objects is provided with a third
transmitter (17) arranged to emit the determined location of the moving object
5 given in the predetermined coordinate system.
6. A system according to claim 1,characterized in that each moving
object of a second subset of the moving objects is provided with a log memory
(16), said log memory being arranged to continuously log determined locations
10 of the moving object.
7. A combat training system comprising a number of players, wherein each player
is arranged to determine its location, characterized in that the system
for determining the location of a moving object according to claim 1 is
15 arranged to determine the location information for the player when the player is
within a secluded space.
8. A combat training system according to claim 7, characterized in that
each player is arranged to emit said determined location information to a
20 central unit (19) arranged to receive the emitted location information.
9. A combat training system according to claim 7, characterized in that
each player is arranged to emit said determined location information to other
players (20), arranged to receive the emitted location information.
25
10. A method for determining the location of a moving object in a secluded space,
said method comprising
- emitting a code into a zone (7, 8a, 8b) of the secluded space, said code being
associated to said zone (7, 8a, 8b),
30 - receiving at each moving object present within said zone of said secluded
space the associated code, and
- processing at each moving object the received code in order to determine the
location of the moving object,
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characterized in that the processing involves converting the received code to an associated coordinate in a predetermined coordinate system using a cross-reference table comprising each zone and its associated coordinate in the predetermined coordinate system.
11. A system and method for determining the location of a moving object in a secluded space and a combat training system substantially as herein described with reference to the accompanying examples and drawings.

[MAHHA GHOSH]
OF K & S PARTNERS
AGENT FOR THE APPLICANTS
Dated this 17th day of August, 2006.
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ABSTRACT
The present invention relates to a system for determining the location of a moving object in a secluded space, such as a building. The system comprises at least one first transmitter (6) placed in the secluded space, wherein each of the first transmitters (6) is arranged to emit a code associated to said transmitter; a first receiver (12) arranged on each moving object, said receiver being arranged to receive said code; and a first processing unit (15) arranged on each moving object, said processing unit (15) being arranged to process codes from said first receiver (12) in order to determine the location of the moving object from said code. The system is characterized in that the code is representative of a coordinate in a predetermined coordinate system.
Fig. 3
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