FIELD OF INVENTION
The present invention generally relates to protection of electronicsystemsand more particularly to a system for protection of electrical devices against over and/or under voltage conditions.BACKGROUND OF INVENTION5High voltagetransmission of electricity is highly unstable. A slight change in current intensity at this stage can result in high variation of current at domestic level use. Electrical/electronic devicesuch as LED luminaires etc. have extremely small electronic components which possess sensitivity toward electrical current. The sensitive electrical/electronicdevicemay 10underperform or get damaged due to fluctuation in current and eventually voltage on which the electrical deviceis working. This effect of overvoltage is a chronic failure mode.Over voltagecondition occurs when the voltage in a circuit or part of it is raised above its upper design limit.Under voltagecondition occurs when15the average voltage of drops below intended levels.Bothover voltage condition and under voltage conditionare likely to damage the circuitry of electrical device.There are solutions available that provideprotection against over voltage condition and under voltage conditions. Though,few ofthe available 20solutions are less sensitive to the electrical fluctuation and provide protectiononlyagainst heavy fluctuations which is likely to affect heavy electrical/electronic devices.The small electricaldevices such as luminaires etc. are highly sensitive to electrical fluctuation and gets damaged under a little unstable 25voltage. The present solutions donotprovide protection of light/smaller electrical/electronic devices such as individual luminaire (electrical lighting source) against over voltage conditions and under voltage conditions.
3Therefore, there is a need in the art for a device/system for protection against over and/or under voltage conditions, does not suffer from above mentioned deficiencies or atleast provide a viable alternative to mitigate for a longer time frame.OBJECT OF INVENTION5An object of the present invention is to provide a small autonomous system for protection of electrical devicesagainst fluctuating electrical conditions.Another object of the present invention is to protect electrical devices against over voltage condition.10Another object of the present invention is to protect electrical devices against under voltage condition.Another object of the present invention is to provide configurable under and overvoltage limits as per the custom requirement.Another object of the present invention is to provide an ease of 15exchange/replacement in case of failure while preventing catastrophic failure of sensitive electrical equipment.SUMMARY OF INVENTIONThe present invention is described hereinafter by various embodiments. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different 20forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiment set forth herein.According to anaspect of theinvention, asystem for protection of solid state electrical devices such as luminaires against over and/or under voltage conditionsis provided. The system comprises an AC input, 25supplying an AC, connected with one or more fuses, one or more AC filters, connected with the AC input via the one or more fuses, configured to filter
4the inconsistent frequencies from the AC thereby converting AC voltage into AC line voltageone or more rectifiers, connected with the one or more AC filters, configured to convert the AC line voltage into DC line voltage thereby forming a DC bus voltageone or more buck converters, connected with the one or more rectifiers, configured to step down the DC bus voltage thereby 5providing a first DC voltage,one or more voltage dividers, connected with the one or more rectifiers,configured to divide the DC bus voltage into a plurality of DC voltages lower than the DC bus voltage, thereby providing a second DC voltage and a third DC voltage,a threshold detector connected with the one or more buck converters and the one or more voltage dividers, 10comprising a detector means, a first voltage comparator and a second voltage comparator,a relay connected with the threshold detector, the AC input supplying the AC and one or more loads such as one or more luminaires. Further, the first DC voltage from the one or more buck converters is powering the detector means incorporatedinside the threshold 15detector. Henceforth,the detector means is configured to provide a reference voltage and compare the second DC voltage and the third DC voltage with the reference voltage. In addition,the second DC voltage is above the reference voltage, the first voltage comparator is configured to signal the relay. Additionally,the third DC voltage is below the reference 20voltage, the second voltage comparator is configured to signal the relay. Moreover,the relay, on reception of signal from the threshold detector, is configured to cut off the AC input thereby stopping the flow of AC to the one or more loads preferably the one or more luminaires. Further,the second DC voltage is below the reference voltage and the third DC voltage is above 25the reference voltage, the relay is configured to resume the flow of AC to the one or more loads preferably the one or more luminaires. Moreover,the reference voltage is a fixed voltage indicating the voltage of the AC input, ranging from 80 V to 450 V, safe for the one or more loads preferably the one or more luminaires. n accordance with an embodiment ofthe present invention, the system further includes a third voltage comparatorfor an additional layer of protection, connected with the AC filters and the relay, configured to compare the AC line voltage with a predetermined voltage,activatesin the case of abrupt or sudden high voltage and in the case of non-activation or 5failure of theFirstvoltage comparator.In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, the AC line voltage is above the predetermined voltage, thethird voltagecomparator i.e. an additional layer protection circuit. is further configured to signal the relay thereby cutting off the AC input thus stopping the flow of AC 10to the one or more loads preferably the one or more luminaires.In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention,the relay is configured to switch into one of ON and OFF condition.In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention,the threshold detector, on detecting the second DC voltage as below the 15reference voltage and the third DC voltage as above the reference voltage, the relay in the ON condition,allowing the flow of current from the AC input to the one or more loads, preferably the one or more luminaires.In accordance with an embodiment of thepresent invention,the threshold detector, on detecting the second DC voltage above the reference 20voltage, the relay in the OFF condition, cutting off the flow of current from the AC input to the one or more loads, preferably the one or more luminaires.In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention,the threshold detector, on detecting the third DC voltage below the reference 25voltage, the relay in the OFF condition, cutting off the flow of current from the AC input to the one or more loads, preferably the one or more luminaires.
6In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, the AC line voltage is above the predetermined voltage, the relay in the OFF condition, cutting off the flow of current from the AC input to the one or more loads, preferably the one or more luminaires.In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention,the 5threshold detector comprising a first assembly of IC, a detector means such as a detector IC, a first plurality of resistors, a first plurality of capacitors and a first plurality of Zener diodes and first plurality of reference voltage shunt regulators.In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention,the one 10or more voltage dividers comprises of a second plurality of resistors, a second plurality capacitors and a second plurality of Zener Diodes.In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention,the one or more buck converters comprising a second assembly of IC, a plurality of inductors, a plurality of diodes, a third plurality of Zener diodes, a low 15dropout regulator (LDO), a third plurality of capacitors and a third plurality of resistors.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGSSo that the manner in which the above recited features of the present invention can be understood in detail, a more particular to the description of 20the invention, briefly summarized above, may be had by reference to embodiments, some of which are illustrated in the appended drawings. Itis to be noted, however, that the appended drawings illustrate only typical embodiments of this invention and are therefore not to be considered limiting of its scope, the invention may admit to other equally effective 25embodiments.These and other features, benefits and advantages of the present invention will become apparent by reference to the following text figure, with like reference numbers referring to like structures across the views, wherein:
7Fig. 1 illustrates a system for protection of electrical devices, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.DETAIL DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGSWhile the present invention is described herein by way of example using embodiments and illustrative drawings, those skilled in the art will 5recognize that the invention is not limited to the embodiments of drawing or drawings described and are not intended to represent the scale of the various components. Further, some components that may form a part of the invention may not be illustrated in certain figures, for ease of illustration, and such omissions do not limit the embodiments outlined in any way. It should 10be understood that the drawings and detailed description thereto are not intended to limit the invention to the particular form disclosed, but on the contrary, the invention is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claims. As used throughout this description, the word "may" 15is used in a permissive sense (i.e. meaning having the potential to), rather than the mandatory sense, (i.e. meaning must). Further, the words "a" or "an" mean "at least one” and the word “plurality” means “one or more” unless otherwise mentioned. Furthermore, the terminology and phraseology used herein is solely used for descriptive purposes and should not be construed 20as limiting in scope. Language such as "including," "comprising," "having," "containing," or "involving," and variations thereof, is intended to be broad and encompass the subject matter listed thereafter, equivalents, and additional subject matter not recited, and is not intended to exclude other additives, components, integers or steps. Likewise, the term "comprising" is 25considered synonymous with the terms "including" or "containing" for applicable legal purposes. Any discussion of documents, acts, materials, devices, articles and the like is included in the specification solely for the purpose of providing a context for the present invention. It is not suggested or represented that any or all of these matters form part of the prior art base 30
8or were common general knowledge in the field relevant to the present invention. In this disclosure, whenever a composition or an element or a group of elements is preceded with the transitional phrase “comprising”, it is understood that we also contemplate the same composition, element or 5group of elements with transitional phrases “consisting of”, “consisting”, “selected from the group of consisting of, “including”, or “is” preceding the recitation of the composition, element or group of elements and vice versa.The present invention is described hereinafter by various embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein 10reference numerals used in the accompanying drawing correspond to the like elements throughout the description. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiment set forth herein. Rather, the embodiment is provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete and will fully convey the 15scope of the invention to those skilled in the art. In the following detailed description, numeric values and ranges are provided for various aspects of the implementations described. These values and ranges are to be treated as examples only and are not intended to limit the scope of the claims. In addition, a number of materials are identified as suitable for various facets 20of the implementations. These materials are to be treated as exemplary and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.Figure 1 illustrates a system (100) for protection of electrical devices, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.Theelectrical devices (not shown) may be, but not limited to, luminaires. In general, the 25electrical devices such as luminaires may damage during voltage fluctuation, therefore require protection during bothovervoltageand under voltage conditions. As shown in figure 1, the system (100) comprises an AC input(110)thatis connected withone or moreAC input filters (112).Further, the AC input (110) may be connected with one or more fuses.The AC input 30
9may be but not limited to, single phase, phase to phase.Theone or moreAC input filters (112)comprises, but not limited to, capacitor and inductor. Theone or moreAC input filters (112)may beconnected withone or more rectifiers (114)in parallel and/or series. The one or more rectifiers (114)may beconnected withone or more buck converters (118).The one or more 5buck converters (118)comprise, but not limited to, assembly of Integrated circuit (IC), Zener diodes, LDO, capacitors, resistors connected in parallel and/or in series.The one or more rectifiers (114)are further connected withone or more voltage dividers (116)respectively. In addition, the one or more voltage dividers (116)compriserespective resistors, respective capacitors 10andrespective Zener diodes.The one or more buck converters (118)and the one or more voltage dividers (116)may be connected in, but not limited to,parallel or series with the one or more rectifiers (114). Further,the one or more buck converters (118)and/or the one or more voltage dividers (116)may be connected with15one or more threshold detectors (120).The one or more threshold detectors (120)may have, but not limited to, arespectivea detector means for example a detector IC(integrated circuit),a first voltage comparator and a second voltage comparator.The one or more threshold detectors (120)may be connected withone or more relays(122).Each of theone or more relays20(122)may be, but not limited to, asolid state relay(SSR), Single Pole Single Throw (SPST). Theone or morerelays(122)may have, but not limited to,oneor more outputsand may be connected witha load (124).Also, the AC Input is connected with the one or more relays (122).Further, the system (100) may include a third voltage comparatori.e. an additional layer 25protection circuit, connected with the AC filters (112) and the relay (122).The present invention works in the following manner. For better explanation, the exemplary embodiment of thesystem (100) is envisaged to includethe AC input (110), one fuse, one AC input filter (112), one rectifier(114), one buck converter (118), twovoltage dividers(116), one threshold detector (120), one relay (122) and the load (124). The current from the AC input(110)isfirst filtered intheAC input filter (112).The fuseconnected to the AC input (110)may be configured to provide protection against over currentconditions where the AC input (110) current may be morethan the bearing capacity of the system (100). 5Preferably,protection of the circuitry of the system (100)including the AC input filter (112), the rectifier (114), the buck converter (118), two voltage dividers (116), the threshold detector (120) and the relay (122)from the overcurrent (input current) conditions say,for example,more than may be but not limited to AC input with current =3.15A, voltage= 500 Volts.The AC 10input filter (112)isconfigured to convert anAC voltage to filtered AC line voltage. The filtered AC line voltagemay furtherbeconverted intoaDC Bus voltage usingtherectifier (114). Then, the buck converter (118)is configured tostep down the DC Bus voltageand reduce any remaining inconsistencies in the current and the voltage, there by generating a first DC 15voltage. In addition,the voltage divider (116)is configured to divide the DC bus voltage into a plurality of DC voltages lower than the DC bus voltage, thereby providing a second DC voltage and a third DC voltage.Thefirst DC voltageoutput from the buck converter (118) is configured to power up the detector ICincorporated inside the threshold 20detector.The detector IC is configured to provide a reference voltage and compare the second DC voltage and the third DC voltage with the reference voltage.The reference voltage is a fixed voltage indicating the voltage of the AC input (110), ranging from 80 V to 450 V, safe for the one or more loads (124)preferably the one or more luminaires.25In case, the second DC voltage as above the reference voltage, the first voltage comparator is configured to signal the relay (122). Whereas, on detecting the third DC voltage below the reference voltage, the secondvoltage comparator is configured to signal the relay (122). Therelay (122), on reception of signal from the threshold detector (120), is configured to cut 30
11off the AC input (110) thereby stopping the flow of AC to the one or more loads (124) preferably the one or more luminaires. Further, when the second DC voltage is below the reference voltage and the third DC voltage is above the reference voltage, the relay (122) is configured to resume the flow of AC to the one or more loads (124) preferably the one or more luminaires. 5The relay (122)is actuatedon receiving the one or moresignalsfrom threshold detector (120)andthe relay (122)is configured toswitch intoone ofON andOFF conditions.The threshold detector (120), on detecting the second DC voltage as below the reference voltage and the third DC voltage as above the reference voltage, the relay (122)switch intothe ON condition 10allowing the flow of current from the AC input (110) to the one or more loads (124), preferably the one or more luminaires.The threshold detector (120), on detecting the second DC voltage above the reference voltage, the relay (122)switchintothe OFF condition, cutting off the flow of current from the AC input (110) to the one or more 15loads (124), preferably the one or more luminaires.The threshold detector (120), on detecting the third DC voltage below the reference voltage, the relay(122) in the OFF condition, cutting off the flow of current from the AC input (110) to the one or more loads (124), preferably the one or more luminaires.20The relay(122)is configured to control the current from AC input (110) to the load (124) switching between connection and disconnection with the load(124).Thesystem (100) is designed fora fast response time. The time delay is ≤10ms to timely protect the connected load(124) preferably, the luminaires.The system (100) istransformer less design and 25may have an offline buck converter for AC-DC conversion. The system (100) may have inbuilt self-surge protection in both common mode and differential mode.
12Further, a third voltage comparatori.e. an additional layer protection circuitmay be connected with theAC filters (112) and the relay (122). The third voltage comparator is configured to compare the AC line voltage with a predetermined voltage which may be an indicator of sudden over voltage(over 320 Volts)occurring abruptlyfor example,where a sudden swell in 5voltage occurs when the load is connected with the AC input (110).In case, the AC line voltage is above the predetermined voltage, the third voltage comparator may signal the relay (122). The relay may turn OFFtherebycutting off the AC input (110) andstopping the flow of AC to the one or more loads (124) preferably the one or more luminaires. In case the AC line 10voltage is above the predetermined voltage, the relay (122) in the OFF condition, cutting off theflow of current from the AC input (110) to the one or more loads (124), preferably the one or more luminaires.The present invention has various advantages. The systemprovidesa cost effective and easy to implement solutionto the problems of prior art.15The present invention provides protection tosmall electricaldevicessuch asluminaires against voltage fluctuations. The present invention not only provides protection against over voltage but also againstunder voltage. The systemcutsoff the power supply to the electrical devices in case of over and/or under voltage. This in turn can increase the life cycle of such 20electrical devices.Thesystem is designed fora fast response time. The time delay is ≤10ms to timely protect the connected loadpreferably, the luminaires.The system istransformer less design and have an offline buck converter for AC-DC conversion. The regulated supply makes it more accurate and reliable.25Various modifications to these embodiments are apparent to those skilled in the art from the description and the accompanying drawings. The principles associated with the various embodiments described herein may be applied to other embodiments. Therefore, the description is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown along with the accompanying 30
13drawings but is to be providing broadest scope of consistent with the principles and the novel and inventive features disclosed or suggested herein. Accordingly, the invention is anticipated to hold on to all other such alternatives, modifications, and variations that fall within the scope of the present invention.

We claim:
1.A system(100)for protection of solid state electrical devices such as luminaires against over and/or under voltage conditions, comprising:an AC input(110),supplying an AC,connectedwith one or more fuses;one or more AC filters(112),connectedwith the AC input(110) via the one or more fuses, configured to filter the inconsistent frequencies from the AC thereby converting AC voltage into AC line voltage;one or more rectifiers(114),connectedwith the one or more AC filters(112), configured to convert the AC line voltage into DC line voltage thereby forming a DC bus voltage;one or more buck converters (118), connected with the one or more rectifiers (114), configured to step down the DC bus voltage thereby providing a first DC voltage;one or more voltage dividers (116), connectedwith the one or more rectifiers(114), configured to divide the DC bus voltage into a plurality of DC voltages lower than the DC bus voltage, thereby providing a second DC voltage and a third DC voltage;a threshold detector (120) connected with the one or more buck converters (118) and the one or more voltage dividers (116), comprising a detector means, a first voltage comparator and a second voltage comparator;a relay (122) connected with the threshold detector (120), the AC input(110)supplying the AC and one or more loads (124) such as one or more luminaires;wherein the first DC voltage from the one or more buck converters (118) is powering the detector means incorporated inside the threshold detector (120);
15wherein the detector means is configured to provide a reference voltage and compare the second DC voltage and the third DC voltage with the reference voltage;wherein the second DC voltage is above the reference voltage, the first voltage comparator is configured to signal the relay (122);wherein the third DC voltage is below the reference voltage, the second voltage comparator is configured to signal the relay (122);wherein the relay (122), on reception of signal from the threshold detector (120), is configured to cutoff the AC input (110) thereby stopping the flow of AC to the one or more loads (124) preferably the one or more luminaires;wherein the second DC voltage is below the reference voltage and the third DC voltage is above the reference voltage, the relay (122) is configured to resume the flow of AC to the one or more loads (124) preferably the one or more luminaires;wherein the reference voltage is a fixed voltage indicating the voltage of the AC input (110), ranging from 80 V to 450 V, safe for theone or more loads (124) preferably the one or more luminaires.2.The system (100) as claimed in claim 1, further including a third voltage comparatorfor an additional layer of protection,connected with theAC filters (112)and the relay (122), configured to compare the AC line voltage with a predetermined voltage, activates in the case of abrupt or sudden occurrence of high voltage and in the case of non-activation or failure of the First voltage comparator.3.The system (100) as claimed in claim 2,whereinthe AC line voltage is above the predetermined voltage, the third voltage comparator is further configured to signal the relay (122) thereby cutting off the AC input (110) thus stopping the flow of AC to the one or more loads (124) preferably the one or more luminaires.
164.The system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the relay (122) is configured to switch into one of ON and OFF condition.5.The system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the threshold detector (120), on detecting thesecond DC voltage asbelow the reference voltage and the third DC voltage asabove the reference voltage, the relay (122) in the ON condition,allowing the flow of current from the AC input (110) to the one or more loads (124), preferably the one or more luminaires.6.The system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the threshold detector (120), on detecting the second DC voltage above the reference voltage, the relay (122) in the OFF condition, cutting off the flow of current from the AC input (110) to the one or more loads (124), preferably the one or more luminaires.7.The system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the threshold detector (120), on detecting the third DC voltage below the reference voltage, the relay (122) in the OFF condition, cutting off the flow of current from the AC input (110) to the one or more loads (124), preferably the one or more luminaires.8.The system(100)as claimed in claim 2,wherein the AC line voltage is above the predetermined voltage, the relay (122) in the OFF condition, cutting off the flow of current from the AC input (110) to the one or more loads (124), preferably the one or more luminaires.9.The system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the threshold detector(120) comprisingafirstassembly of IC,a detector means such as a detector IC, a first plurality ofresistors,a first plurality ofcapacitors and a first plurality ofZener diodes and first plurality of reference voltage shunt regulators.
1710.The system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the one or more voltage dividers (116)comprises of a second plurality ofresistors,a second pluralitycapacitors and a second pluralityof Zener Diodes.11.The system (100) as claimed in claim 1, the one or more buck converters (118) comprisinga second assembly of IC, a pluralityof inductors,a plurality ofdiodes,a third plurality ofZener diodes,a low dropout regulator(LDO),a third plurality ofcapacitorsand a third plurality of resistors.