Field of Invention:
Forest fires have been on the rise in many parts of the world in recent days. According to the available literature, in 2018, California was hit by one of the deadliest and most destructive forest fires on record, with nearly eighty-five lives lost and eighteen thousand structures destroyed.

If forest fires could be detected in advance, people could be warned to leave the area, potentially saving their lives. When it comes to finding forest fires, intelligent drones play a crucial role. Drones with thermal imaging capabilities can detect and avoid potential danger zones.

Drones could collect this data, which could then be analysed with machine learning algorithms to determine the likelihood of a forest fire breaks out. The Internet of Things (IoT) enables an intelligent drone system equipped with sensors and micro-electrical and mechanical systems to detect forest fires and collect data for analysis.

Drone-collected aerial intelligence is used to determine whether or not people need to be evacuated efficiently. Aerial footage shows that additional rescue workers arrived promptly.

Both thermal and visible-light cameras aid the human crew in determining the fire's topography and navigating the thick smoke that results from forest fires.

Background Art & Description:
The invention described in CN105788141A is a microbiological fuel cell-powered early warning system for forest fires and a method for implementing such a system. The GSM transmission system is linked to a group of ZigBee coordinators in the forest fire early warning system.

Multiple acquisition terminal nodes are linked to each ZigBee coordinator. For acquiring forest-wide data like temperature, humidity, smoke concentration, pressure, and light intensity, the acquisition terminal nodes are set up in a star-shaped topological arrangement in the woods.

In addition, the GSM transmission system is linked to a central controller. A PC located elsewhere in the room is connected to the central controller.

The microbiological fuel cell is part of the forest fire early warning system. It is linked to the acquisition terminal nodes, the Zigbee coordinator, and the GSM transmission system to provide electricity to these components. The microbiological fuel cell-powered forest fire early-warning system is another application of this invention.

The forest fire early-warning system and its realisation method allow for continuous real-time detection and early warning of forest fires without requiring an artificial power supply.

CN202534093U is a utility model that details a fire alarm system for forests. A network of sensors, including a central monitoring station and a minimum of two additional nodes, is set up.

The following features distinguish the forest fire detection alarm system: a central monitoring station with a processor linked to an Ethernet interface module and a centre wireless transmission module; a detection node equipped with a single chip microcomputer connected to a temperature sensor and a node wireless transmission module.

High fire alarm and fire information accuracy, low cost, wide coverage area, straightforward construction, secure operation, low maintenance, and robust adaptability are benefits of the utility model's forest fire detection alarm system.

A system for fighting forest fires using multiple nodes is described in EP2673757A1. There is at least one environmental condition detection mechanism per node.

Each node also includes at least one hanging unit designed to suspend the node from a tree and at least one communication transceiver to send and receive data indicative of a sensed environmental condition.

The US7810577B2 patent describes how a fire detection system can be integrated with a fire suppression system to provide comprehensive protection against fires.

A temperature sensor, possibly in the form of a temperature sensor array, and a fire alerting system may be part of the fire detection system.

If the temperature in the area rises above a certain threshold, the fire alarm system could be set to receive data from the sensor and sound an alarm.

A fire control panel, part of the fire detection system, can be set up to receive the alert. A fire suppression system, complete with a delivery system for fire suppressants, could also be a part of the system, with the latter's purpose being to bring down the temperature in the area where it's most dangerous.

The electronic system for forest fire defence and general territory monitoring is the subject of EP1779343A1 invention. Each alarm station (SA) in the system consists of at least one sensor (S1–S3), a microcontroller (MC), a transceiver (RTX) at low power radiofrequency fitted with antenna (A), and a battery (B) for the electric powering of the said sensor (S1–S3), said MC and said RTX. This network of SAs is spread out across the territory being controlled (RTX).

Central control stations (SC) are under the authority of bodies authorised to control and defend the territory and are in wireless contact with the alarm station network (SA) via intermediate detection units (CIR).

To keep tabs on forest fires, the CN104318697A invention provides a method for arranging the nodes of a wireless sensor network. Assisting communication between the detection nodes and the aggregation nodes, as well as between the simplified nodes and the partial node positions, is achieved by:
(1) arranging aggregation nodes along transmission wires in a forest, (2) arranging detection nodes according to the detection radius of the nodes in the direction perpendicular to the transmission wires, using the arranged aggregation nodes as the basis;
(3) arranging simplified nodes;
(4) completing the simplified nodes.

The node arrangement method is suitable for the application needs of contemporary forest fire monitoring, as it offers a means by which to arrange the nodes of a wireless sensor network for such purposes, as it is beneficial to bolstering the standing and function of the wireless sensor network in forest fire early warning, as it overcomes the limitations of conventional node arrangement strategies, as it increases the longevity of the entire wireless sensor network, and as it increases the reliability of the wireless sensor network.

The CN202549032U utility model provides a wireless forest fire monitoring device. There is a central screen and several additional terminals for keeping tabs. A wireless module, a GPRS module, and a single chip make up the primary display.

Every monitoring station incorporates a smog sensor, a temperature and humidity integrated sensor, a wireless module, a microchip, and a power supply. At the same time, data from one monitoring terminal can be sent to another. This means the monitoring distance can be significantly increased thanks to the relay function built into the monitoring terminals.

The primary monitor gathers information from a cluster of monitoring nodes, stores it, performs fundamental analysis, and transmits the results over a GPRS link to a remote monitoring system. When the reading goes outside a predetermined safety threshold for forest fires, the primary monitor triggers an alarm on the secondary platform.

The primary monitor's GPRS module communicates with the remote monitoring platform via the GPRS network to keep tabs on a blaze in the woods in real-time. The primary display performs elementary data analysis. When the reading goes outside what is considered safe for forest fire insurance, the central monitor triggers an alarm on the outpost.

One embodiment of the US8907799B2 sensor unit includes a heat-resistant shell with several viewing windows spaced around the shell exterior to define a 360° view around the team, each viewing window being optically coupled to an infrared pyroelectric sensor and an infrared thermopile sensor, the interior of the shell defining a chamber containing at least two different smoke detectors, the body having ventilation holes communicating with the chamber and temperature sensing components.

Forest fires have been on the rise in many parts of the world in recent days. According to the available literature, in 2018, California was hit by one of the deadliest and most destructive forest fires on record, with nearly eighty-five lives lost and eighteen thousand structures destroyed.

One way to help alert people to forest fires is through their early detection. Drones with thermal imaging capabilities can detect and avoid potential danger zones.

Drones could collect this data, which could then be analysed with machine learning algorithms to determine the likelihood of a forest fire breaks out.

The Internet of Things (IoT) enables an intelligent drone system equipped with sensors and micro-electrical and mechanical systems to detect forest fires and collect data for analysis.

Drone-collected aerial intelligence is used to determine whether or not people need to be evacuated efficiently. UAV footage shows that additional rescue workers arrived promptly.

Both thermal and visible-light cameras aid the human crew in determining the fire's topography and navigating the thick smoke that results from forest fires.

We Claims:

1. When it comes to finding forest fires, intelligent drones play a crucial role. Drones with thermal imaging capabilities can detect and avoid potential danger zones.
2. The likelihood of a forest fire occurring could be predicted by analysing data collected by drones with machine learning algorithms.
3. With the help of sensors and micro-electrical and mechanical systems, the drone system described in Claim 1 can detect forest fires and collect valuable data for analysis.
4. Drone-collected aerial intelligence is used to determine whether or not people need to be evacuated efficiently.
5. Claims 2 drone footage shows the emergency team's backup forces arrived on time.
6. Both thermal and regular cameras help the crew understand the terrain of the fire and work more effectively in conditions of heavy smoke, such as those caused by forest fires.