DESC:FORM 2

THE PATENTS ACT, 1970
(39 of 1970)
&
THE PATENT RULES, 2003

COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
(See Section 10 and Rule 13)

Title of invention:
A SYSTEM TO PREVENT MULTI CYLINDER ENGINE BREAKDOWN BY MONITORING CYLINDER PRESSURE IN REAL TIME

Applicant:
BEML Limited
A company Incorporated in India under the Companies Act, 1956
Having Address As:
BEML Soudha, 23/1, 4th Main,
Sampangirama Nagar, Bengaluru - 560 027,
Karnataka, India

The following specification particularly describes the invention and the manner in which it is to be performed.
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS AND PRIORITY
[001] The present invention claims priority from Indian patent application numbered IN 202241050991 filed on 07th September, 2022.

FIELD OF INVENTION
[002] The present subject matter described herein, in general, relates to preventing the multi cylinder engine breakdown and more specifically relates to real time monitoring of in-cylinder pressure using pressure sensors to avoid breakdown.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[003] The engine of a vehicle consists of multiple cylinders for and fuels (Petrol / Diesel) will be injected to generate the power injecting the fuel. For normal working of the engine each cylinder has to contribute equal power in order to reduce vibration of engine and to avoid major breakdown. For ensuring each cylinder equal contribution, the exhaust temperature sensor is mounted in the individual cylinder exhaust line to measure the temperature change in each cylinder. By using temperature sensors, the impact of other cylinders have an effect in the measurement of temperature of a specific cylinder.
[004] Thus,as an alternative solution, pressure sensors are mounted on each cylinder to monitor in cylinder pressure continuously.

OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION
[005] Main object of the present invention is to monitor in-cylinder pressure of each cylinder using pressure sensors.
[006] Another object of the present invention is to monitor in-cylinder pressure of each cylinder using pressure sensors to avoid major breakdown like abnormal Engine vibration, Piston / Piston Rings / Liner / Injector / Turbocharger Failure.
[007] Another object of the present invention is to monitor in-cylinder pressure of each cylinder using pressure sensors topredict combustion quality.
[008] Another object of the present invention is to monitor in-cylinder pressure of each cylinder using pressure sensors to monitor the engine performance.
[009] Another object of the present invention is to alert the driver regarding the malfunctioning of a specific cylinder to avoid breakdown.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0010] Before the present system is described, it is to be understood that this application is not limited to the particular machine or an apparatus, and methodologies described, as there can be multiple possible embodiments that are not expressly illustrated in the present disclosures. It is also to be understood that the terminology used in the description is for the purpose of describing the particular versions or embodiments only, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present application. This summary is provided to introduce aspects related to a system toprevent multi cylinder engine breakdown, by monitoring cylinder pressure in real time, and the aspects are further elaborated below in the detailed description. This summary is not intended to identify essential features of the proposed subject matter nor is it intended for use in determining or limiting the scope of the proposed subject matter.
[0011] The present subject matter described herein, in general, relates to reducing the break-down of multi cylinder engine, by monitoring the individual cylinder pressure continuously. Pressure sensors are mounted on each cylinder to monitor in cylinder pressure. Whenever the difference of maximum pressure between the cylinders is beyond the predefined value, Engine Control Unit (ECU) will detect and provide an alarm to the operator with the particular cylinder number and it will be helpful to target the cylinder which is malfunctioning and by this method we can maintain all the cylinders will run at equal power contribution and thus by reducing the vibration of the engine & failure of critical components like Piston, Piston Rings, Liner, Injector, Turbocharger etc., and by which life of the engine will be improved also deterioration of engine performance will be avoided.

STATEMENT OF INVENTION
[0012] Accordingly, the present invention discloses a system to prevent multi cylinder engine breakdown, by monitoring cylinder pressure in real time comprising plurality of pressure sensors, each mounted on a respective cylinder of the engine to monitor in-cylinder pressure, an engine control unit (ECU) configured to receive pressure data from the pressure sensors and detect the difference in maximum pressure between the cylinders and an alarm mechanism connected to the ECU configured to provide an alarm to the driver when the difference in maximum pressure exceeds a predefined value to indicate a specific malfunctioning cylinder.
[0013] The present also discloses that the ECU is configured with an algorithm/logic to monitor and compare the in-cylinder pressure of all cylinders for every engine cycle. The ECU is configured to detect completion of each engine cycle by an Engine Hall effect type speed sensor. The pressure sensors are configured to identify injector malfunctions as dribbling/misfire, liner and piston ring wear and water entry into the cylinder, enabling timely corrective action. The alarm mechanism is configured to be audio or video alarm.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0014] The foregoing summary, as well as the following detailed description of embodiments, is better understood when read in conjunction with the appended drawing. For the purpose of illustrating the disclosure, there is shown in the present document example constructions of the disclosure, however, the disclosure is not limited to the specific methods and apparatus disclosed in the document and the drawing:
[0015] The detailed description is described with reference to the accompanying figure. In the figure, the left-most digit(s) of a reference number identifies the figure in which the reference number first appears. The same numbers are used throughout the drawing to refer like features and components.
[0016] Figure 1 illustrates a schematic / flow chart of the process of monitoring the in cylinder pressure.
[0017] The figure depicts various embodiments of the present disclosure for purposes of illustration only. One skilled in the art will readily recognize from the following discussion that alternative embodiments of the structures and methods illustrated herein may be employed without departing from the principles of the disclosure described herein.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0018] Some embodiments of this disclosure, illustrating all its features, will now be discussed in detail. The words "comprising", “having”, and "including," and other forms thereof, are intended to be equivalent in meaning and be open ended in that an item or items following any one of these words is not meant to be an exhaustive listing of such item or items, or meant to be limited to only the listed item or items. Although any systems and methods similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of embodiments of the present disclosure, the exemplary, systems and methods are now described. The disclosed embodiments are merely exemplary of the disclosure, which may be embodied in various forms.
[0019] Various modifications to the embodiment will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art and the generic principles herein may be applied to other embodiments. However, one of ordinary skill in the art will readily recognize that the present disclosure is not intended to be limited to the embodiments illustrated, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and features described herein.
[0020] The present subject matter is reducing the break-down of multi cylinder engine, by monitoring the individual cylinder pressure continuously. Pressure sensors are mounted on each cylinder to monitor in cylinder pressure. Whenever the difference of maximum pressure between the cylinders is beyond the predefined value, Engine Control Unit (ECU) will detect and provide an alarm to the operator with the particular cylinder number and it will be helpful to target the cylinder which is malfunctioning and by this method we can maintain all the cylinders will run at equal power contribution and thus by reducing the vibration of the engine and by which life of the engine will be improved.The tapping in all cylinder heads will be made to adopt the in-cylinder pressure sensor. The in-cylinder pressure sensors are connected to the Electronic Control Unit (ECU), which will continuously monitor the each in-cylinder pressure. The algorithm / logics in ECU is, for every one cycle (ie. two revolutions for four stroke engine or one revolution for two stroke engine), the in-cylinder pressure of all cylinders will be monitored and compared. If difference on an average of 10 cycles (configurable) is more than the predefined value of, for ex: 2% (configurable), the ECU will send a signal to display unit with the particular cylinder number. Completion of each Engine cycle can be detected by ECU with help of Engine Hall effect type speed sensor.
[0021] The present invention is measuring the in-cylinder pressure and not the temperature of individual cylinder exhaust line. The advantage over the existing technology is, directly measuring the pressure inside the cylinder, the impact of other cylinder will not affect this measurement and the measurement is more sensitive, but whereas the temperature sensor is not more sensitive, which will require certain time for measuring any change in the cylinder combustion. Since the pressure sensors are more sensitive this invention is more accurate than current practice.
[0022] By this method, whether each cylinder is contributing equally or not can be identified, this will eliminate the engine vibration and its consequences. We can derive the malfunction of injector like dribbling / mis-fire, liner & piston ring wear, water entry into the cylinder and by which corrective action can be taken before major breakdown. Also the failure of critical components like Piston, Piston Rings, Liner, Injector, Turbocharger etc., can be predicted well in advance and major downtime of the vehicle and consequence damages of the engine components will be avoided. Further all the monitoring information are intimated to the vehicle operator (through a display / Alarm) for immediate actions. Hence smooth running of an engine will be ensured.
[0023] Exemplary embodiments discussed above may provide certain advantages. Though not required to practice aspects of the disclosure, these advantages may include those provided by the following features
[0024] Some embodiment of the present subject matter monitorthe in-cylinder pressure of each cylinder using pressure sensors.
[0025] Some embodiment of the present subject matter monitorthe in-cylinder pressure of each cylinder using pressure sensors to avoid major breakdown like abnormal Engine vibration, Piston / Piston Rings / Liner / Injector / Turbocharger Failure.
[0026] Some embodiment of the present subject matter monitorthein-cylinder pressure of each cylinder using pressure sensors topredict combustion quality.
[0027] Some embodiment of the present subject matter monitor the in-cylinder pressure of each cylinder using pressure sensors to monitor the engine performance.
[0028] Some embodiment of the present subject matter provide alert to the driver regarding the malfunctioning of a specific cylinder to avoid breakdown.
,CLAIMS:
1. A system to prevent multi cylinder engine breakdown, by monitoring cylinder pressure in real time comprises:
plurality of pressure sensors, each mounted on a respective cylinder of the engine to monitor in-cylinder pressure;
an engine control unit (ECU) configured to receive pressure data from the pressure sensors and detect the difference in maximum pressure between the cylinders; and
an alarm mechanism connected to the ECU configured to provide an alarm to the driver when the difference in maximum pressure exceeds a predefined value to indicate a specific malfunctioning cylinder.

2. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein said ECU is configured with an algorithm/logic to monitor and compare the in-cylinder pressure of all cylinders for every engine cycle.

3.The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein said ECU is configured to detect completion of each engine cycle by an Engine Hall effect type speed sensor.

4. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein said pressure sensors are configured to identify injector malfunctions as dribbling/misfire, liner and piston ring wear and water entry into the cylinder, enabling timely corrective action.

5. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein said alarm mechanism is configured to be audio or video alarm.