DESC:FIELD OF INVENTION:
The present invention generally relates to the field of polymer technology. The present invention in particular, relates to the rubber composition for tyre tread. The present invention in particular relates to the motor cycle tire tread rubber composition using naturally occurring rice bran oil treated silica filler and its method of preparation.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
A tyre tread has to meet, in a known way, a large number of often conflicting technical requirements, including a low rolling resistance, a high wear resistance, a high dry grip and a high wet grip. By adding reinforcing filler silica in rubber composition, to improve the tire's wet traction and low rolling resistance.
Process Oils are added into the rubber composition for improving the processing characteristics of the rubber vulcanizate. Conventional oil processing aids have been used in many tire components: tread compounds often contain polybutadiene rubber ("BR"), oil-extended polybutadiene rubber ("OE- BR"), styrene-butadiene rubber ("SBR"), oil-extended styrene-butadiene rubber ("OE-SBR"), isoprene-butadiene rubber ("IBR"), and styrene-isoprene-butadiene rubber ("SIBR"), solution styrene butadiene rubber, oil extended solution styrene butadiene rubber.
However, aromatic oils used in tyre tread rubber composition to provide better processability and grip property of the rubber vulcanizates. Aromatic oils typically contain high proportions of polycyclic aromatic compounds. It is estimated that the average passenger tyre will lose 1-2 Kg of its mass throughout its lifetime due to friction with the road surface. This results in fine particles containing PAH being released to the environment. PAHs are persistent organic pollutants and can accumulate in plants and animals. They break down slowly and are insoluble in water, and they can travel long distances through the atmosphere. Polynuclear aromatic compounds are known to be toxic and possibly carcinogenic. Because of this, PAHs are pollutants of global concern. The alternatives to aromatic processing oils, that are now being used by rubber processors are TDAE oil and MES oil from petroleum origin and thus consist of a non-renewable resource. There is a global approach to use of renewable materials in all moulded rubber goods and tyres i.e., to minimize the use of non-renewable resources such as petroleum and petroleum-derived products.
Reference made to the following:
Indian Application No. 202031030293 discusses about the use of coconut oil in SSBR: OESBR blend based rubber composition along with silica filler to provide better physical properties as well as lower rolling resistance whereas the present invention discusses about the use of naturally occurring oil treated silica filler in motorcycle tyre tread rubber composition to provide lower rolling resistance.
Indian Application No. 202041033507 discusses about the use of moringa oleifera oil along with silica filler in SSBR: NR blend-based rubber composition to provide lower rolling resistance whereas the present invention discusses about the use of naturally occurring oil treated silica filler in motorcycle tyre tread rubber composition to provide lower rolling resistance.
Indian Application No. 201617012714 discusses about the use of treated filler in SSBR based passenger car tyre tread rubber composition. The surface treatment of silica filler done through aqueous slurry and then it is dried to get surface treated filler whereas the present invention discusses about the use of SSBR:BR:NR blend based motorcycle tyre tread rubber composition. The surface treatment of silica filler is based on solvent and then it is dried to get surface treated filler. Both the methods of surface treatment of filler are entirely different from each other.
Indian Application No. 201617012712 discusses about the use of silica treated filler in SSBR based passenger car tyre tread rubber composition. The surface treatment of silica filler done through aqueous slurry and the treating agent include an amino acid or polypeptide and then it is dried to get surface treated filler whereas the present invention discusses about the use of SSBR:BR:NR blend-based motorcycle tyre tread rubber composition. The surface treatment is based on solvent and then it is dried to get surface treated filler. Both the surface treatments are entirely different from each other.
Indian Application No. 201721022132 discusses about the use of thermoplastic resin along with silica filler in a rubber blend to provide better wear resistance and dynamic modulus in tyre tread rubber composition whereas the present invention discusses about the use of surface treated silica filler in motorcycle tyre tread rubber composition to provide lower rolling resistance.
Indian Application No. 201617012429 discusses about the treatment of inorganic filler using a treating agent like an anhydride, a cyclic imide, and a derivative thereof whereas the present invention discusses about the surface treatment of reinforcing filler silica using naturally occurring oil and its use in motorcycle tyre tread rubber composition.
Indian Application No. 201617012713 discusses about the treatment of filler using a treating agent like untreated slurry whereas the present invention discusses about the surface treatment of reinforcing filler silica using naturally occurring oil and its use in motorcycle tyre tread rubber composition.
Indian Application No. 202031030293 discusses about the treatment of coconut oil with polymer to get oil extended polybutadiene rubber and studied its effect on physical properties and viscoelastic properties whereas the present invention discusses about the surface treatment of reinforcing filler silica using naturally occurring oil in motorcycle tyre tread rubber composition to provide low rolling resistance.
Publication No. US2020283610 discusses about the functionalized high oleic soybean oil with silane coupling agent in SBR:BR tread rubber compositions whereas the present invention discusses about the surface treatment of reinforcing filler silica using naturally occurring oil in motorcycle tyre tread rubber composition to provide low rolling resistance.
Publication No. JP2020059809 discusses about the use of conjugated diene based polymer in tyre base tread formulation to improve wet property and low rolling resistance along with high crack resistance whereas the present invention whereas the present invention discusses about the surface treatment of reinforcing filler silica using naturally occurring oil in motorcycle tyre tread rubber composition to provide low rolling resistance.
Publication No. JP2020012096 discusses about the use of SSBR:BR blend containing sunflower oil, reinforcing filler silica and C5/C9 resin to provide wet skid resistance, low rolling resistance and good wear characteristics whereas the present invention discusses about the surface treatment of reinforcing filler silica using naturally occurring oil in motorcycle tyre tread rubber composition to provide low rolling resistance.
Publication No. WO2019244850 discusses about the tread rubber composition providing dry steering stability and low rolling resistance. Also, modified SBR and synthesis method of silica is explained whereas the present invention discusses about the surface treatment of reinforcing filler silica using naturally occurring oil in motorcycle tyre tread rubber composition to provide low rolling resistance.
Publication No. US2019184744 discusses about the use of vegetable oils like sunflower, canola oil, safflower oil and traction promoting resin in tyre tread rubber composition whereas the present invention discusses about the use of naturally occurring oil treated silica filler in tyre tread rubber composition to provide low rolling resistance.
Publication No. JP2017206573 discuss about the surface treated porous silica and DBP absorption no. more preferably from 400m2/gm to 600 m2/gm, pore volume Vp of 2 to 10 ml/g and the surface treatment of the porous silica is having carbon concentration of 6 to 9% whereas the present invention discusses about the use of naturally occurring oil treated silica filler in tyre tread rubber composition to provide low rolling resistance.
Publication No. JP2016003318 discuss about the rubber composition containing silica and silane coupling agent having a highly reactive mercapto group to provide low rolling resistance whereas the present invention discusses about the use of naturally occurring oil treated silica filler in tyre tread rubber composition to provide low rolling resistance.
Publication No. CN105164195 discusses about the rubber composition containing 10 to 30 phr of oil, along with 50 to 80 phr of CB and 30 to 60 phr of silica to provide low rolling resistance and improved wet performance and wear resistance whereas the present invention discusses about the use of naturally occurring oil treated silica filler in tyre tread rubber composition to provide low rolling resistance.
Publication No. CN104736624 discusses about the rubber composition containing 60 to 130 phr of silica to provide low rolling resistance and improved wet performance along with improved extrusion processability whereas the present invention discusses about the use of naturally occurring oil treated silica filler in tyre tread rubber composition to provide low rolling resistance.
Publication No. WO2013172699 discusses about the motorcycle tyre tread natural rubber derived rubber composition containing dual filler system carbon black and silica along with 5 to 30 phr of epoxidized palm oil to provide low rolling resistance, wear resistance and improved wet traction performance whereas the present invention discusses about the use of naturally occurring oil treated silica filler in tyre tread rubber composition to provide low rolling resistance.
Publication No. RU2011130275 discusses about SSBR based tyre tread rubber composition containing TDAE oil, silica filler to provide improved adhesion on a wet road with a lower rolling loss and obtaining fuel efficient tyres whereas the present invention discusses about the use of silica filler treated with naturally occurring oil in tyre tread rubber composition to provide low rolling resistance.
Publication No. JP2011213954 discusses about the tyre tread containing a non-oil-extended terminal-modified styrene-butadiene polymer having a terminus modified with a polar group; silica; a silane coupling agent including sulfur in the molecule; and an oil liquid at room temperature to provide better dispersion whereas the present invention discusses about the use of silica filler treated with naturally occurring oil in tyre tread rubber composition to provide low rolling resistance.
Publication No. JP2011190450 discusses about the SBR based tyre tread rubber composition containing 90 to 150 parts of silica, 0 to 40 parts of oil to provide decrease in vulcanization time, silica dispersibility, excellent braking capability, steering stability abrasion resistance and rolling resistance whereas the present invention discusses about the use of silica filler treated with naturally occurring oil in tyre tread rubber composition to provide low rolling resistance.
Publication No. KR20110036495 discusses about the tire tread rubber composition containing 35% by mass or more of epoxidized natural rubber, silica as white filler along with mixture of a zinc salt of an aliphatic carboxylic acid and a zinc salt of an aromatic carboxylic acid and a total sulfur content of less than 1.75% by mass, and a crosslinking density of 7.0×10-5 mol/cm3 or more to prevent reversion, excellent rolling resistance and also to provide attention to CO2 emission whereas the present invention discusses about the use of silica filler treated with naturally occurring oil in tyre tread rubber composition to provide low rolling resistance.
Publication No. CN101906223 discusses about the tyre tread rubber composition containing 100 parts of an oil-extended rubber, 20 to 100 parts of silica fillers to provide a balance between rolling resistance and slip resistance on wet roads whereas the present invention discusses about the use of naturally occurring oil treated silica filler in tyre tread rubber composition to provide low rolling resistance.
Publication No. JP2010209255 discusses about the use of an oil-extended styrene-butadiene copolymer along with a filler carbon black and / or silica to provide excellent wear resistance, breaking strength, rolling resistance and wet skid resistance whereas the present invention discusses about the use of naturally occurring oil treated silica filler in tyre tread rubber composition to provide low rolling resistance.
Publication No. JP2010013551 discusses about the tyre tread rubber composition containing 100 parts of diene rubber, 30-150 pts of reinforcing filler, 10 pts. wt or more of silica, 1-20 pts wt of oil extended clay to improve wet braking property and rolling resistance whereas the present invention discusses about the use of naturally occurring oil treated silica filler in tyre tread rubber composition to provide low rolling resistance.
Publication No. JP2009057475 discusses about the use of tire tread rubber composition containing 55-85 phr of hydroxyl group conjugated diene aromatic vinyl copolymer, 25-45 phr of natural rubber or polyisoprene rubber, 75-110 phr of silica along with 6-8.5 wt.% of silane coupling agent, 10-20 phr of carbon black and 30-65 phr of aroma based oil to improve wet braking performance, rolling resistance and wearing resistance property whereas the present invention discusses about the use of naturally occurring oil treated silica filler in tyre tread rubber composition to provide low rolling resistance.
Publication No. US2002045691 discusses about the use of rubber composition containing a conjugated diene-based rubber or an oil extended rubber and an inorganic filler such as a silica to provide low rolling resistance, an excellent wet skid property, wearing resistance and tensile strength whereas the present invention discusses about the use of naturally occurring oil treated silica filler in tyre tread rubber composition to provide low rolling resistance.
Publication No. US2002052435 discusses about the use of rubber composition containing conjugated diene based rubber, 10 to 60 phr of oil extended rubber along with silica as inorganic filler to improve low rolling resistance, an excellent wet skid resistance, sufficient wear resistance and excellent processability whereas the present invention discusses about the use of naturally occurring oil treated silica filler in tyre tread rubber composition to provide low rolling resistance.
Publication No. US2008153972 discusses about the use of reduced oil rubber composition containing silica filler, N-substituted polyalkylene succinimide derivative to provide improved properties such as reduced rolling resistance, improved wet/snow traction and winter softness, improved dynamic stiffness, improved tensile strength, easy handling whereas the present invention discusses about the use of naturally occurring oil treated silica filler in tyre tread rubber composition to provide low rolling resistance.
Publication No. KR100788040 discusses about the use of tire bead filler rubber composition containing 100 phr of rubber, 30-40 phr of carbon black having iodine adsorption number 60-80 mg/g and a DBP oil absorption of 90-95 mL/100 g; and 5-10 phr of the silica having a BET of 110-130 m2/g and a CTAB of 110-130 m2/g to improve heat resistance and impact resilience and to enhance rolling resistance characteristics of tire whereas the present invention discusses about the use of naturally occurring oil treated silica filler in tyre tread rubber composition to provide low rolling resistance.
Publication No. KR20040001729 discusses about the use of rubber composition containing 10-30 phr of solution SBR and 20-40 phr of Nd-BR along with 37.5% of extended oil to provide low fuel consumption and wear resistant property whereas the present invention discusses about the use of naturally occurring oil treated silica filler in tyre tread rubber composition to provide low rolling resistance.
Publication No. KR20000073840 discusses about the use of 100 phr of natural rubber and synthetic ratio 4:6, 40 to 70 phr of carbon black, 10 to 40 parts of silica to provide improved driving, gripping properties, reduced rolling resistance on snowed road surface whereas the present invention discusses about the use of naturally occurring oil treated silica filler in tyre tread rubber composition to provide low rolling resistance.
Publication No. JP2005041947 discusses about the use of 100 phr of styrene butadiene rubber, 40-120 phr of silica having CTAB specific surface area and specific DBP oil absorption along with 1-20 phr silane coupling agent to improve wet grip performances, processability and low rolling resistance whereas the present invention discusses about the use of naturally occurring oil treated silica filler in tyre tread rubber composition to provide low rolling resistance.
Publication No. JP2002145965 discusses about the use of rubber composition containing conjugated diene based rubber, the oil-extended rubber comprises 1-30 % mass of acrylonitrile, 10-50% mass of styrene, 19.9-88.9% mass of 1,3 butadiene and inorganic filler as silica to improve low rolling resistance and excellent wear resistance whereas the present invention discusses about the use of naturally occurring oil treated silica filler in tyre tread rubber composition to provide low rolling resistance.
Publication No. JP2002145964 discusses about the use of rubber composition containing conjugated diene rubber component having one unsaturated group that contains an olefinic unsaturated nitrile monomer units, 9-30% mass of acrylonitrile and 10-50% mass of aromatic vinyl monomer units and silica as inorganic filler to improve processability, low rolling resistance and abrasion resistance whereas the present invention discusses about the use of naturally occurring oil treated silica filler in tyre tread rubber composition to provide low rolling resistance.
Publication No. JP2002179841 discusses about the use of rubber composition containing conjugated diene rubber component having atleast one unsaturated group that wears an olefinic unsaturated nitrile monomer units and aromatic vinyl monomer units and silica as inorganic filler to improve processability, low rolling resistance and sufficient abrasion resistance whereas the present invention discusses about the use of naturally occurring oil treated silica filler in tyre tread rubber composition to provide low rolling resistance.
Publication No. JPH07292162 discusses about the use of rubber composition for the tire tread containing 100 phr of solution SBR, 5-50 phr of reinforcing filler silica and carbon black along with 0.1-20 phr of silane coupling agent , 0.1-10 phr of fatty acid,1-50 phr of extender oil and 1-5 phr of vulcanizing agent to provide excellent fuel cost, excellent rolling resistance performance, grip performance, wear resistance whereas the present invention discusses about the use of silica filler treated with naturally occurring oil in tyre tread rubber composition to provide low rolling resistance.
Publication No. JPH07292161 discusses about the use of tire tread rubber composition containing 100 phr of solution SBR, 10-100 phr of silica as reinforcing filler along with 0.1-20 phr of organic silane coupling agent, 10-100 phr of reinforcing carbon black and 20-100 phr of extender oil, 1-10 phr of vulcanizing agent to improve rolling resistance performance, grip performance and wear resistance whereas the present invention discusses about the use of silica filler treated with naturally occurring oil in tyre tread rubber composition to provide low rolling resistance.
Publication No. EP1707402 discusses about the use of radial tire having a breaker cushion or a sidewall packing rubber composition containing 20 to 55 phr of carbon black having an iodine adsorption, amount of 110 to 150 ml/100g and 5 to 30 parts by weight of silica having a BET specific surface area of 115 to 200 m2 /g to provide low rolling resistance whereas the present invention discusses about the use of naturally occurring oil treated silica filler in tyre tread rubber composition to provide low rolling resistance.
Publication No. CN101014660 discusses about the use of rubber composition containing 100 phr of conjugated diene based rubber, 90-150 phr of reinforcing filler silica, 0-40 phr of oil to provide shortened vulcanization time, good silica dispersibility, superior braking capability, abrasion resistance and low rolling resistance whereas the present invention discusses about the use of naturally occurring oil treated silica filler in tyre tread rubber composition to provide low rolling resistance.
Hence there needed a rubber composition containing non-renewable resource rice bran oil treated silica filler for motorcycle tyre tread which provides low rolling resistance and to use of low PAH (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon) rice bran oil treated silica filler in rubber composition which satisfies REACH compliance.
To overcome above listed prior art, the present invention aims to provide the motorcycle tire tread composition using naturally occurring rice bran oil treated silica filler and its method of preparation.
OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION:
The principal object of the present invention is to the motorcycle tire tread rubber composition using naturally occurring rice bran oil treated silica filler and its method of preparation.
Another object of the present invention is to provide the method of preparation of naturally occurring rice bran oil treated silica filler.
Another object of the present invention is to provide naturally occurring rice bran oil treated silica filler i.e., rice bran oil is added in quantities from 1% by weight to 40% by weight of reinforcement filler silica.
Another object of the present invention is to provide NR: SSBR: PBR triblend based motorcycle tyre tread rubber composition.
Another object of the present invention is to provide NR: SSBR: PBR triblend along with naturally occurring oil treated silica filler in motorcycle tyre tread rubber composition.
Another object of the present invention is to provide motor cycle tyre tread composition providing low rolling resistance.
Yet another object of the present invention is to provide motor cycle tyre tread composition providing better abrasion resistance.
Yet another object of the present invention is to eliminate / reduce the use of processing oils containing high polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
One or more problems of the conventional prior arts may be overcome by various embodiments of the present invention.
It is primary aspect of the present invention to provide a motorcycle tyre tread rubber composition, comprising of:
rubber blend – 100 phr.
reinforcing filler – 0 – 20 phr.
hybrid filler – 5-50 phr.
coupling agent – 0.5-5 phr.
activators - 1-6 phr.
anti-degradant – 0– 5.5 phr.
antioxidant – 0.5 – 1.5 phr.
accelerators – 0-4.5 phr; and
vulcanization agent – 1-2.5 phr,
wherein the hybrid filler is naturally occurring rice bran oil treated precipitated silica having oil quantity ranges from 1% to 40% of weight of silica.
It is another aspect of the present invention to provide motorcycle tyre tread rubber composition, wherein the rubber blend is non-oil extended SSBR: NR: PBR in a ratio of 5-35: 10-70: 15-40.
It is another aspect of the present invention to provide motorcycle tyre tread rubber composition, wherein the reinforcing filler is carbon black and grades can be selected from N330, N339, N375, N220, N234, N231, N110, N115, N134 and combination of any of these fillers.
It is another object of the present invention to provide motorcycle tyre tread rubber composition, wherein the inorganic reinforcing filler is silica and grade can be selected having the specific surface area ranges from 150 to 250 m2/gm.
It is another aspect of the present invention to provide motorcycle tyre tread rubber composition, wherein the oil is selected from naturally occurring rice bran oil and any other naturally occurring oil namely sunflower oil, MES oil, TDAE oil, safflower oil, orange oil, coconut oil, moringa oil and the like.
It is another aspect of the present invention to provide motorcycle tyre tread rubber composition, wherein the coupling agent is bifunctional, sulfur-containing organosilane.
It is another aspect of the present invention to provide motorcycle tyre tread rubber composition, wherein the activators are zinc oxide and stearic acid.
It is another aspect of the present invention to provide motorcycle tyre tread rubber composition, wherein the anti-degradants are 6PPD [N-(1,3-dimethyl butyl)-N’-phenyl-p-phenylene diamine], TMQ [22,4-Trimetyl-1,2-Dihydro quinoline] and Microcrystalline wax (MC-wax).
It is another aspect of the present invention to provide motorcycle tyre tread rubber composition, wherein said vulcanization agent is sulfur.
It is another aspect of the present invention to provide motorcycle tyre tread rubber composition, wherein said accelerators comprises N-cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazole sulfonamide and diphenyl guanidine.
It is another aspect of the present invention to provide a method of preparation of rubber composite for motorcycle tyre tread, comprising of steps:
Preparation of master batch:
Step 1:
mixing of rubbers for 0-50 seconds;
addition of 80-90% of reinforcing filler and 80 to 90% of hybrid filler i.e., rice bran oil treated reinforcing filler silica, silane coupling agent Si75, and mixing for 60 seconds for silanisation at a temperature range between 105- and 125-degree celsius;
addition of 10-20% of reinforcing filler, carbon black and 10-20% of hybrid filler, rubber chemicals TDQ, MC wax, stearic acid, except 6PPD and zinc oxide, and mixing for 50 to 120 seconds;
sweeping done in the orifice and mixing for 50 – 60 seconds;
dumping the rubber compound at temperature in the range between 145 and 165 degrees Celsius;
sheet out using laboratory two-roll mill;
Step 2:
Mixing of Step 1 master batch along with chemicals zinc oxide and 6PPD, for 120-180 seconds and dumping at a temperature range between 130 and 145 degrees Celsius; sheet out using laboratory two-roll mill;
Step 3:
Mixing of step 2 master batch rubber compound for 120- 180 seconds, dumping at the temperature range between 130 and 145 degrees Celsius and sheet out using laboratory two-roll mill; and
Preparation of final batch:
Mixing of step 3 masterbatch rubber compound with curatives Sulphur, CBS, DPG are added, and allowed to mix for 60-100 seconds and dumped at the temperature range of 85 – 115 degrees Celsius, and sheet out using laboratory two-roll mill,
wherein the hybrid filler is naturally occurring rice bran oil treated precipitated silica having oil quantity ranges from 1% to 40% of weight of silica.

BREIF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION:
Details of source and geographical origin of the biological materials:
Part of biological resources: Rice bran oil is the oil extracted from the hard outer brown layer of rice called chaff (rice husk).
Source details: Trader: Vaighai Agro Products Limited, 39(B) Vaighai house, Anna Nagar, Madurai -625020, Tamilnadu, India.
Geographical origin of Rice bran Oil: East Asia, the Indian subcontinent, and Southeast Asia including India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Indonesia, Japan, Southern China and Malaysia.
The present invention relates to the motor cycle tire tread composition using naturally occurring oil treated silica filler and its method of preparation. The viscosity of the rubber compound increases with the amount of silica, which tends to interact strongly on their own, due to their polar and hydrophilic properties. Poor dispersibility of the silica filler in rubber matrix caused by strong polar bonds between the filler particles when made from non-polar rubbers. Reinforcement filler silica is treated with naturally occurring rice bran oil which is nonpolar with a small amount of polar compound content to improve the filler interaction with non-polar rubbers.
Present invention provides surface treatment with naturally occurring oil in silica filler to obtain low rolling resistance in NR: SSBR: PBR tri blend based motor cycle tyre tread rubber composition. The surface treatment of silica filler is based on solvent namely toluene and then it is dried to get surface treated silica filler.
The composition for motorcycle tyre treads, comprises the elastomeric matrix or elastomeric blends NR: SSBR: PBR triblend; naturally occurring rice bran oil treated silica as hybrid filler, carbon black; coupling agent; activators; anti-degradants; vulcanization agent; primary accelerators; The rubber composition is given in the table

Table 1: Rubber composition in phr
Ingredients
Comparative Example, C1 Formulation related to invention, F1
Non-oil extended SSBR
SLR 563 1 27.0 27.0
NR (ISNR 20) 2 58.0 58.0
PBR 1220 3 15.0 15.0
Carbon Black N330 4 20.0 20.0
Precipitated Silica 5 50.0 -
Oil treated precipitated Silica 6 - 50.0
Si75 7 5.0 5.0
Zinc oxide 8 2.3 2.3
Stearic acid 9 1.7 1.7
6PPD 10 1.4 1.4
MC Wax 11 1.5 1.5
TDQ 12 1.0 1.0
CBS 13 1.60 1.60
DPG 14 1.20 1.20
Sulphur 15 1.50 1.50
Total 187.20 187.20

1. SSBR SLR 563 – Non oil extended Solution styrene butadiene rubber having bound styrene of 20%, vinyl content of 55.5% from JMF Performance Materials Pvt. Ltd., Japan.
2. Natural Rubber – ISNR 20 from Mamparambil Rubber Industries, India

3. PBR 1220 – It is a polybutadiene rubber from Saudi Basic Industries Corporation, Saudi Arabia.
4. N330 - It is a reinforcing filler ASTM Carbon black Grade HAF from Al-Jubail Petrochemical Company (Kemya), Saudi Arabia.
5. Precipitated Silica- It is an inorganic reinforcing filler having specific surface area ranging from 170 to 200 m2/gm from Madhu Silica Pvt. Ltd., India.
6. Oil treated precipitated Silica- it is a hybrid filler having naturally occurring rice bran oil quantity ranges from 1% to 40% of weight of silica. Rice bran oil is from Vaighai Agro Products Limited, India.
7. SI75 - Bifunctional, sulfur-containing organosilane from Evonik Resource efficiency GmbH, Germany.
8. Zinc Oxide – It is an activator from Ambica Dhatu Private Ltd., India.
9. Stearic acid – It is from 3F industries Limited., India
10. 6PPD – (N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N’-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine) is an antidegradant from Lanxess India Private Limited, India.
11. MC Wax - Microcrystalline Wax from Mahatha petroleum private Limited, India.
12. TDQ - 2, 2, 4 – trimethyl1-1, 2-dihydroquinoline (Oligomers) is an antioxidant from Nocil Limited, India.
13. CBS - (N-cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazolesulfenamide) is a delayed action sulfenamide from PMC Rubber Chemicals India Pvt ltd, India.
14. DPG - Diphenyl guanidine is a secondary accelerator activating sulfenamide accelerator from PMC Rubber Chemicals India Pvt ltd, West Bengal, India.
15. Sulphur – It is a vulcanizing agent from Southern minerals and Chemicals, India
Method of Preparation of hybrid filler (oil treated silica):
Precipitated silica is kept in oven at 125 Deg C for the removal of moisture and thus obtained silica having moisture content with in the less than 1%. 400 ml of rice bran oil is mixed in 1000 ml of a solvent, and it is stirred and mixed thoroughly using a magnetic stirrer for better miscibility of the mixture (oil +solvent). Thus, obtained mixture is transferred into a container or bottle which contains sprayer. Further 1000 gm of precipitated silica has taken in a chemical tray and mixture is sprayed on precipitated silica evenly and further treated silica is kept in oven at 50 deg C for 2 to 4 hours to obtain hybrid filler (oil treated silica).
The method of preparing the Rubber Compositions includes following steps:
Mixing Sequence:
Using a Banbury mixer with the tangential rotor a rubber composition is prepared by a thermomechanical process is as follows:
Preparation of master batch:
Step I: Preparation of masterbatch has been performed with the rotation speed of the Banbury mixer between 45 to 65 rpm and with the head temperature of the Banbury mixer maintained between 70 to 90°C and with the ram pressure of 4.5 to 6.0 Kp/cm2 a) Mixing chamber has been charged with the NR, SSBR and PBR and allowed to mix for 0 to 50 seconds b) Further by adding 80 to 90% of the reinforcing filler and 80 to 90% of the rice bran oil treated reinforcing filler silica, silane coupling agent Si75, and allowed to mix for 60 seconds for silanisation at around 105 to 125°C, c) the process of silanisation has been done with the reduced rotor speed 20 to 25 rpm d) the remaining reinforcing filler and rice bran oil treated reinforcing filler silica, rubber chemicals TDQ, MC wax, stearic acid, except 6PPD and zinc oxide are added, and allowed to mix for 50 to 120 seconds e) sweeping done in the orifice and allowed to mix for another 50 to 60 seconds and the compound has been dumped at the temperature in the range of 145°C to 165°C. The compound has been sheeted out in the laboratory two-roll mill.
Step II: Mixing chamber of Banbury charged with the Step I master batch, chemicals zinc oxide and 6PPD, and allowed to mix for 120-180 seconds and dumped in the temperature range of 130°C to 145°C. The compound has been sheeted out in the laboratory two-roll mill.
Step III: Mixing chamber of Banbury mixer has been charged with the Step II master batch, and allowed to mix for 120 to 180 seconds and dumped at the temperature range of 130°C to 145°C. The compound has been sheeted out in the laboratory two-roll mill.
Preparation of Final Batch: Preparation of final batch has been performed with the rotation speed of the Banbury mixer between 50 to 60 rpm and with the head temperature of the Banbury mixer maintained between 60 to 90°C and with the ram pressure of 4.0 to 5.0 Kp/cm2. Mixing chamber charged with the Step III master batch and the curatives Sulphur, CBS, DPG are added, and allowed to mix for 60 to 100 seconds and dumped at the temperature range of 85°C to 115°C. Final sheet out has been done in the laboratory mill.
Results:
Rubber compound properties of motorcycle tyre tread rubber composition are listed in Table 2 as follows:
Table 2: Properties of a Rubber Compound and Rubber Vulcanizate
Properties Control rubber Composition Formulation related to invention Index
C1
(No Oil) F2 (hybrid filler i.e., 40% Oil treated silica), F2
M1. Hardness of a Rubber Vulcanizate
Hardness Shore A 74 64 -
M2. Physical Properties of a Rubber Vulcanizate
Elongation at Break %
(Higher the index value is better) 448.12 535.18 119.43
M3. Rubber elasticity of a Rubber Vulcanizate
Rebound resilience at 23+/-2 Deg C
(Higher the index value is better) 47.39 54.88 115.81
M4. Abrasion Loss of a Rubber Vulcanizate
Abrasion Loss, mm3 (Lower the index value is better) 106.54 86.40 81.10
M5. Dynamic Properties of a Rubber Vulcanizate
Tan delta at 60 Deg C (Lower the index value is better) 0.138 0.121 87.68
Characterization of Cured Rubber Vulcanizate and Uncured Rubber Compound: Measurements and Tests: The purpose of these tests is to measure the improved properties of the rubber compositions related to the invention against control composition. For this, two rubber compositions C1 & F1 are prepared based on SSBR: NR: PBR (27:58:15) blend containing reinforcing fillers carbon black and silica against the SSBR: NR: PBR (27:58:15) blend containing reinforcing filler carbon black along with 40% hybrid filler i.e., naturally occurring oil treated silica are prepared and evaluated.
The present invention relates to a 100 parts by weight of a tyre rubber composition F1, SSBR: NR: BR (27:58:15) blend that contains a reinforcing filler carbon black along with hybrid filler 40% oil treated filler silica improves elongation at break of a Rubber vulcanizate by 19.43% when compared to SSBR: NR: BR (27:58:15) blend containing reinforcing filler carbon black and silica (C1 Control).

Also, the present invention relates to a 100 parts by weight of a tyre rubber composition F1, SSBR: NR: BR (27:58:15) blend that contains a reinforcing filler carbon black along with hybrid filler i.e., 40% oil treated filler silica improves rubber elasticity by 15.81% when compared to SSBR: NR: BR (27:58:15) blend containing reinforcing filler carbon black and silica (C1 Control).
Also, the present invention relates to a 100 parts by weight of a tyre rubber composition F1, SSBR: NR: BR (27:58:15) blend that contains a reinforcing filler carbon black along with hybrid filler i.e., 40% oil treated filler silica improves abrasion resistance by 18.9% when compared to SSBR: NR: BR (27:58:15) blend containing reinforcing filler carbon black and silica (C1 Control).
Moreover, the present invention relates to a 100 parts by weight of a tyre rubber composition F1, SSBR: NR: BR (27:58:15) blend that contains a reinforcing filler carbon black along with hybrid filler i.e., 40% oil treated filler silica improves rolling resistance by 12.32% when compared to SSBR: NR: BR (27:58:15) blend containing reinforcing filler carbon black and silica (C1 Control).
Overall, the present invention relates to a 100 parts by weight of tyre rubber composition F1, SSBR: NR: BR (27:58:15) blend that contains a reinforcing filler carbon black along with hybrid filler i.e., 40% oil treated filler silica provides higher elongation at break, high rubber elasticity, lower rolling resistance along with better wear resistance. Moreover, the tyre tread present invention hardness of the Rubber Vulcanizate ranges from 64 to 74 Shore A.
Characterization of Cured Rubber Vulcanizate:
M1. Hardness of a Rubber Vulcanizate
Hardness of the rubber vulcanizate are measured in accordance with ASTM D 2240.
M2. Physical properties of the Rubber Vulcanizate:
Elongation at the Break of the Rubber Vulcanizates is measured in a Universal testing machine (UTM) in accordance with ASTM D 412.
M3. High Rubber Elasticity of the Rubber Vulcanizate:
It is measured through Rebound resilience tester is assessed in accordance with ASTM D 7121.
M4: Din Abrasion Loss of the Rubber Vulcanizate:
Abrasion loss of the rubber vulcanizates is measured in accordance with ASTM D 5963 using Din Abrader.
M5. Dynamic properties of the rubber vulcanizate:
The dynamic properties of the rubber vulcanizate are measured on a dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA Metravib +1000) in tension mode with a temperature sweep ranges from -40 to 80 Deg C, dynamic strain 3%, static strain: 6% and frequency 10 Hz.
Tan delta at 60°C is a predictor for rolling resistance. Lower tan delta value at 60 deg C is good for LRR property.

,CLAIMS:1. A composition for tyre tread rubber, comprising of:
rubber blend – 100 phr,
reinforcing filler – 20 phr,
hybrid filler – 50 phr,
coupling agent – 4.0-5.0 phr;
activators – 1.7 to 4.0 phr,
anti-degradants – 1.0 – 3.9 phr;
accelerators – 1.2 – 2.8 phr; and
vulcanization agent – 1.5 phr,
wherein the hybrid filler is naturally occurring rice bran oil treated precipitated silica having oil quantity ranges from 1% to 40% of weight of silica.
2. The composition for tyre tread rubber as claimed in claim 1, wherein the rubber blend is non-oil extended SSBR: NR: PBR in a ratio of 27:58: 15.
3. The composition for tyre tread rubber as claimed in claim 1, wherein the reinforcing filler is carbon black.
4. The composition for tyre tread rubber as claimed in claim 1, wherein the inorganic reinforcing filler is silica.
5. The composition for tyre tread rubber as claimed in claim 1, wherein the oil is selected from naturally occurring rice bran oil including sunflower oil, MES oil, TDAE oil, safflower oil, orange oil, coconut oil, moringa oil.
6. The composition for tyre tread rubber as claimed in claim 1, wherein the coupling agent is bifunctional sulfur containing organosilane.
7. The composition for tyre tread rubber as claimed in claim 1, wherein the activators are zinc oxide and stearic acid.
8. The composition for tyre tread rubber as claimed in claim 1, wherein the anti-degradants are 6PPD [N-(1,3-dimethyl butyl)-N’-phenyl-p-phenylene diamine], TMQ [22,4-Trimetyl-1,2-Dihydro quinoline] and Microcrystalline wax (MC-wax).
9. The composition for tyre tread rubber as claimed in claim 1, wherein said vulcanization agent is sulfur.
10. The composition for tyre tread rubber as claimed in claim 1, wherein said accelerators comprises N-cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazole sulfonamide and diphenyl guanidine.
11. A method of preparation of rubber composite for motorcycle tyre tread, comprising of steps:
Preparation of master batch:
Step 1:
mixing of rubbers for 0-50 seconds;
addition of 80-90% of reinforcing filler and 80 to 90% of hybrid filler i.e., rice bran oil treated reinforcing filler silica, silane coupling agent Si75, and mixing for 60 seconds for silanisation at a temperature range between 105- and 125-degree celsius;
addition of 10-20% of reinforcing filler, carbon black and 10-20% of hybrid filler, rubber chemicals TDQ, MC wax, stearic acid, except 6PPD and zinc oxide, and mixing for 50 to 120 seconds;
sweeping done in the orifice and mixing for 50 – 60 seconds;
dumping the rubber compound at temperature in the range between 145 and 165 degrees Celsius;
sheet out using laboratory two-roll mill;
Step 2:
Mixing of Step 1 master batch along with chemicals zinc oxide and 6PPD, for 120-180 seconds and dumping at a temperature range between 130 and 145 degrees Celsius; sheet out using laboratory two-roll mill;
Step 3:
Mixing of step 2 master batch rubber compound for 120- 180 seconds, dumping at the temperature range between 130 and 145 degrees Celsius and sheet out using laboratory two-roll mill; and
Preparation of final batch:
Mixing of step 3 masterbatch rubber compound with curatives Sulphur, CBS, DPG are added, and allowed to mix for 60-100 seconds and dumped at the temperature range of 85 – 115 degrees Celsius, and sheet out using laboratory two-roll mill,
wherein the hybrid filler is naturally occurring rice bran oil treated precipitated silica having oil quantity ranges from 1% to 40% of weight of silica.