DESC:
TECHNICAL FIELD
Present invention relates to a topical composition. It particularly relates to a topical composition for hair care or skin care.

BACKGROUND AND PRIOR ART
Topical compositions for antimicrobial activity are known in the art. Such compositions may be leave-on (creams, or serums) or wash-off (soaps, facewash or shampoo). It is believed that antimicrobial compositions reduce or ameliorate problems caused due to dandruff or acne, by acting against microbes that have a role in causing dandruff (e.g. M. furfur) and acne (P. acne).
KR1020170094191A (2017) discloses a cosmetic composition for improving blood circulation and improving skin troubles comprising coffee silver skin extract as an active ingredient.
EP2730171A1 (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas CSIC, 2014) discloses a product that comes from coffee silverskin, characterized in that it is (a) powdered coffee silverskin or (b) coffee silverskin extract.
One of the problem that is addressed by the present invention is to provide a topical composition that has good antimicrobial activity.
Another problem addressed by the present invention is to provide a topical composition that provides a gentle exfoliation when applied.

OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION
Accordingly, one of the objects of the present invention is to provide a topical composition having good activity against P acne or M furfur, or both.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a topical composition having a gentle exfoliating effect, with reduced damage to skin or scalp.
Yet another objective is to provide a topical composition that can be applied on skin or scalp without running off.
Present inventors have surprisingly found that coffee silverskin powder, when used within a specific range of particle size provides good antimicrobial activity.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
According to the present invention there is provided a topical composition comprising water and silverskin powder having mean particle size in the range of 105-2000 microns.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Coffee Silverskin Powder
The coffee silverskin is the innermost layer of the coffee cherry surrounding the pit/seed (green coffee bean). Roasting the coffee both dries the silver skin and causes it to split as the coffee bean expands, so it comes off fairly easily during the roasting process given some agitation as thin dried fragments. The term coffee silverskin powder as used herein refers to the dried fragments of silverskin, which are a byproduct of coffee roasting process. The coffee silverskin powder is then subjected to a step of size reduction, preferably by grinding to reduce the particle size. Ground coffee silverskin powder is then subjected to size separation, preferably by means of sieving to obtain coffee silverskin powder of desired mean particle size
The coffee silverskin powder has a mean particle size range preferably from 105 – 2000 microns, more preferably from 105 -1000 microns, yet more preferably 105 – 850 microns and most preferably from 105 - 400 microns. Without wishing to be limited by any theory, it is believed that preferred particle size range is critical to provide good exfoliation effect but without causing any scratches/marks on the skin. The preferred particle size range may be different for different topical applications. For the topical compositions for face care, particles have mesh size of preferably 40-80 mesh or mean particle size preferably in the range 177-400 microns. For the topical compositions for body care (formulations for application to the body, excluding the face) or scalp care or hair care, the particles have a mesh size of preferably 20-80 mesh or mean particle size is preferably in the range of 177-841 microns.
The coffee silverskin powder is preferably dry. The moisture content of the ground coffee silverskin powder is preferably less than 10% by weight, more preferably less than 5% by weight, and most preferably less than 3% by weight.
Water
The topical composition comprises water. The water is preferably 10-95% by weight of the composition, more preferably 40- 90% by weight of the composition, and most preferably 50-80% by weight of the composition.
Thickening agent
The composition preferably comprises a thickening agent selected from:
(i) polyethylene glycol and derivatives thereof, or;
(ii) polyacrylic acids and derivatives thereof, or;
(iii) natural gum.
It is preferably that the thickening agent is a natural gum. Natural gum according to the present invention includes but is not limited to: agar, alginic acid, sodium alginate, Carrageenan, Gum Arabic, Gum acacia, Gum ghatti, Gum tragacanth, Karaya gum, Guar gum, Locust bean gum, Beta-glucan, Dammar gum, uncharged Glucomannan, Psyllium seed husks, Tara gum, Gellan gum, and Xanthan gum. It is further preferred that the binding agent is guar gum or xanthan gum. Xanthan gum is particularly preferred.
The thickening agent is preferably 0.5-20% by weight of the composition, more preferably 1-15% by weight of the composition, and most preferably 2-10% by weight of the composition.

Active
The topical composition according to the present invention preferably comprises an active selected from:
(a) an organic acid, or;
(b) ginger root extract, or;
(c) sophorolipids, or;
(d) phospholipids, or;
(e) sesame oil or
(f) cinnamon extract, or;
(g) niacinamide, or;
(h) benzoyl peroxide, or;
(i) kaolin clay, or;
(j) bentonite clay, or;
(k) rosemary oil or extract, or;
(l) alpha-hydroxy acid, or;
(m) tea tree oil, or;
(n) zinc pyrithione, or;
(o) selenium sulfide, or;
(p) aloe vera extract, or;
(q) Pro-vitamin B5.
The topical composition preferably comprises one or more actives, with each active independently being 0.01-10% by weight of the composition, preferably 0.2-8% by weight of the composition, more preferably being 0.25-5% by weight of the composition.
Organic acid
One of the preferred actives according to the present invention is an organic acid. Preferably the organic acid is an alpha hydroxy acid or a beta hydroxy acid or a dicarboxylic acid.
The term organic acid refers to a compound having a carboxylic group, or esters derived therefrom.
The term alpha hydroxy acid as used herein means an organic acid that contains a carboxylic acid functional group and hydroxy functional group separated by one carbon atom. Alpha hydroxy acids include, but are not limited to: citric acid, glycolic acid, lactic acid, malic acid, and tartaric acid.
The term beta hydroxy acid as used herein means an organic acid that contains a carboxylic acid functional group and hydroxy functional group separated by two carbon atoms. Beta hydroxy acids include, but are not limited to beta-hydroxypropionic acid, beta-hydroxybutyric acid, beta-hydroxy beta-methylbutyric acid, carnitine, and salicylic acid. Salicylic acid is the most preferred beta-hydroxy acid.
The term dicarboxylic acid as used herein means an organic acid that contains two carboxylic acid functional groups. The dicarboxylic acids include but are not limited to oxalic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, pimelic acid, suberic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, undecanedioic acid, dodecanedioic acid, and brassylic acid.
Ginger root extract
One of the preferred actives according to the present invention is ginger root extract. The term ginger root extract refers to an extract derived from the roots of Zingiber officinale.
Sophorolipids
One of the preferred actives according to the present invention is sophorolipids. Sophorolipids are glycolipids having a hydrophobic fatty acid tail and a hydrophilic carbohydrate head sophorose, a glucose-derived di-saccharide with an unusual ß-1,2 bond and can be acetylated on the 6'- and/or 6''- positions. The hydrophobic fatty acid (forming the tail) is C12-C22 fatty acid. The fatty acid may be saturated or unsaturated. One terminal or subterminal hydroxylated fatty acid is ß-glycosidically linked to the sophorose module. The carboxylic end of this fatty acid is either free (acidic or open form) or internally esterified at the 4'' or in some rare cases at the 6'- or 6''-position (lactonic form).
Sophorolipids are preferably 0.03-5% by weight of the composition, more preferably being 0.05-3% by weight of the composition, and most preferably 0.1-2% by weight of the composition.
Phospholipids
The term phospholipids as used herein includes saturated phospholipids, unsaturated phospholipids, and monoacylphospholipids. Phospholipids include phosphoglycerides and sphingolipids. The structure of phosphoglycerides is based on glycerol, three-carbon alcohol with the formula CH2OH–CHOH–CH2OH. Two fatty acid chains, each typically having an even number of carbon atoms between 14 and 20, attach (via dual esterification) to the first and second carbons of the glycerol molecule, denoted as the sn1 and sn2 positions, respectively. The third hydroxyl group of glycerol, at position sn3, reacts with phosphoric acid to form phosphatidate. Common phospholipids, widely distributed in nature, are produced by further reaction of the phosphate group in phosphatidate with an alcohol, such as serine, ethanolamine, choline, glycerol, or inositol. The resulting lipids may be charged, for example, phosphatidyl serine, phosphatidyl inositol, and phosphatidyl glycerol; or dipolar (having separate positively and negatively charged regions), for example, phosphatidyl choline, and phosphatidyl ethanolamine (PE). A typical phospholipid arrangement is the presence of a saturated fatty acid, such as palmitic or stearic acid, at the sn1 position, and an unsaturated or polyunsaturated fatty acid, such as oleic or arachidonic acid, at sn2.
Another class of phospholipids is sphingolipids. A sphingolipid molecule has the phosphatidyl-based headgroup structure described above, but (in contrast to a common phospholipid molecule) contains a single fatty acid and long-chain alcohol as its hydrophobic components. Additionally, the backbone of the sphingolipid is sphingosine, an amino alcohol (rather than glycerol).
sesame oil
One of the preferred actives according to the present invention is sesame oil, which refers to the oil obtained from seeds of Sesamum indicum.
cinnamon extract
One of the preferred actives according to the present invention is a cinnamon extract, which refers to extract from the bark of Cinnamomum zeylanicum.
Niacinamide
One of the preferred actives according to the present invention is niacinamide
Benzoyl peroxide
One of the preferred actives according to the present invention is benzoyl peroxide.
Kaolin clay
One of the preferred actives according to the present invention is kaolin clay, also known as china clay. It refers to the powder of kaolinite, a clay mineral with the chemical composition Al2Si2O5(OH)4. It is a layered silicate mineral, with one tetrahedral sheet of silica (SiO4) linked through oxygen atoms to one octahedral sheet of alumina (AlO6) octahedra. The mean particle size of kaolin clay is preferably 20 – 100 microns, more preferably from 30-80 microns, and most preferably from 40-60 microns.
Bentonite clay
One of the preferred actives according to the present invention is bentonite clay. It refers to powder of bentonite and includes sodium bentonite as well as calcium bentonite. The mean particle size of bentonite clay is preferably 20 – 100 microns, more preferably from 30-80 microns, and most preferably from 40-60 microns.

Rosemary oil or extract
One of the preferred actives according to the present invention is rosemary oil or extract. The term rosemary refers to the plant Salvia Rosmarinus. Rosemary oil or extract may be obtained from stem, leaves, or flowering tops of the rosemary plant, preferably from the flowering tops of the rosemary plant.

Tea tree oil,
One of the preferred actives according to the present invention is tea tree oil. The term tea tree oil as used herein means the oil derived and from the leaves of the Melaleuca alternifolia tree.

Zinc pyrithione,
One of the preferred actives according to the present invention is zinc pyrithione

Selenium sulfide
One of the preferred actives according to the present invention is selenium sulfide

Aloe vera extract,
One of the preferred actives according to the present invention is aloe vera extract. The term aloe vera extract as used herein means juice, gel, or extract derived from the leaves of the plant Aloe barbadensis miller.

Pro-vitamin B5.
One of the preferred actives according to the present invention is pro-vitamin B5

Emollients
The topical composition according to the present invention preferably comprises an emollient. The emollient is preferably selected from hydrocarbons, fatty acids, fatty alcohols, polyhydric alcohols, sterols, waxes, esters, or vegetable oils.
The emollient is preferably 0.1-20 % by weight of the composition, more preferably 0.5-15 % by weight of the composition, and most preferably 1-10% by weight of the composition.
Preferred hydrocarbons are selected from petrolatum, paraf?n, mineral oil, caprylic/capric triglyceride, c15-19 alkane, C9-C13 alkane, or squalene.
Preferred fatty acids are selected from palmitic acid and stearic acid.
Preferred fatty alcohols are selected from cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, isostearyl alcohol, lanolin)
Preferred polyhydric alcohols are selected from ethylene glycol or propylene glycol.
Preferred sterol is cholesterol.
Preferred waxes are vegetable waxes, and are selected from carnauba wax, candelilla wax, or beeswax.
Esters are preferably selected from ethylhexyl palmitate, decyl oleate, isopropyl myristate, isopropyl palmitate, octyl octanoate isodecyl neopentanoate, glyceryl stearate, isononyl isononanoate diisopropyl dilinoleate, or isopropyl isostearate.
Oils are preferably vegetable oils. The vegetable oils are selected from argan kernel Oil (oil from Argania Spinosa) castor oil, or jojoba oil.

Skin hydrating agents
The topical composition according to the present invention preferably comprises a skin hydrating agent. The skin hydrating agent is preferably selected from hyaluronic acid, xylitylglucoside, anhydroxylitol, or xylitol.
The skin hydrating agent is preferably 0.01-2% by weight of the composition, more preferably 0.01-1.5% by weight of the composition, and most preferably 0.01-1% by weight of the composition.

Humectants
The topical composition according to the present invention preferably comprises a humectant. The humectant is preferably selected from glycerine, ceramides, sodium pyrrolidine, propylene glycol, butylene glycol, urea, panthenol aluminum lactate, sodium lactate, gelatin, sorbitol, or honey.
The humectant is preferably 0.1-30% by weight of the composition, more preferably 0.5-15% by weight of the composition, and most preferably 1-10% by weight of the composition.

Caffeine
The topical composition according to the present invention preferably comprises caffeine.
Without wishing to be limited by any theory, it is believed that caffeine helps in enhancing skin penetration.
Caffeine is preferably 0.01-2% by weight of the composition, more preferably 0.05-1.5% by weight of the composition, and most preferably 0.1-1% by weight of the composition.

Mixtures of actives
The composition comprises one or more actives. The composition comprises preferably any two of said actives, more preferably, any three of said actives, and most preferably four actives.
The topical composition preferably comprises two of the actives, selected from:
Silverskin powder and Salicylic acid, or;
Silverskin powder and Citric acid, or;
Silverskin powder and Benzoyl peroxide, or;
Silverskin powder and Ground coffee powder, or;
Silverskin powder and Cinnamon extract, or;
Silverskin powder and Tea Tree Oil, or;
Silverskin powder and Rosemary extract, or;
Silverskin powder and Aloe Vera extract, or;
Silverskin powder and Alpha hydroxy acid.
More preferably the composition comprises three of the actives, selected from:
Silverskin powder, Organic acid, and Sophorolipid, or;
Silverskin powder, Phospholipid, and Sophorolipid, or;
Silverskin Powder, Ground coffee powder, and Caffeine, or ;
Silverskin powder, Rosemary extract, and Tea Tree Oil.

Other ingredients:
The topical composition of the present invention preferably comprises other commonly used cosmetic ingredients such as surfactants, emulsifiers, perfumes, coloring agents. As well known in the art, emulsifiers are added in case some of the actives added are oils or oil-soluble and in order to form an emulsion, preferably oil in water emulsion to avoid phase separation.

Preparing the compositions:
Compositions according to the present invention can be prepared by methods well known in the art.
The composition of the present invention is prepared by adding the silverskin powder to water and mixing.
Preferably, the active or mixture of actives is added to the water, and this is followed by the addition of the silverskin powder.
Surfactants, if present, may be preferably melted by heating to 50-90 degree Celsius, before adding to water, and surfactants may be preferably added to water before or along with the step of addition of actives.
Remaining ingredients such as preservatives, colour, perfume, are preferably added after adding surfactants.
Some of the actives are oil soluble and not soluble in water, such as sesame oil, tea tree oil, and rosemary oil. Many of the emollients are also oil soluble and not water soluble. Such oil soluble ingredients may be mixed together, preferably in presence of an emulsifier, before adding to the water. Alternatively, an emulsifier is added to the water before the addition of oil soluble actives or oil-soluble ingredients.
Thickening agent, if present is preferably added after the addition of all the ingredients to the water.

EXAMPLES
Ingredients used in the EXAMPLES:
Following materials were used to prepare various compositions: material, supplier (geographical location)
Coffee Silverskin Powder, Ozone Agrochemicals (Bengaluru)
Tea Powder, Society Tea ® (Premium Green Tea) (Mumbai)
Cocoa Powder, Tata Chemicals (Mumbai)
Salicylic acid, Salicylate & chemicals (Hyderabad)
Ginger root extract, Konark (Mumbai)
Sophorolipid (Trade name - Ginophos CD), Godrej (Navi Mumbai)
Phospholipid (Trade name - Ceramide), Pharmacos India (Faridabad)
Xanthan gum (Trade name - Keltrol CG-SFT), Burzin & Leons (Navi Mumbai)
Disodium Cocoamphodiacetate (Trade name - Miranol C2M Conc.), Arihant (Mumbai)
Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate (Trade name - Oramix L 30), Yasham (Mumbai)
Sodium Lauroyl Methyl Isethionate (Trade name- Iselux Flakes), ValueTree (Mumbai)
Maltooligosyl Glucoside (and) Hydrogenated Starch Hydrolysate (Trade name - MG-60), DKSH (Mumbai)
Glycerin, Godrej (Navi Mumbai)
Xanthan gum (Trade name - Keltrol CG-SFT), Burzin & Leons (Navi Mumbai)
Measurements of exfoliation score, smoothness score and spreading score of the formulations
These scores were evaluated by applying the compositions on the forearm of a panel of 10 human volunteers and recording opinion of the volunteers. The mode was taken as a final score.
Exfoliation score: This was based on visual perception of the skin after application of the product on the whole forearm for 30 seconds whilst spreading/scrubbing product on the skin, followed by cleaning by water and drying the skin. The scores could be in the range: (0 – no exfoliation, G – Good exfoliation, VG – Very good exfoliation, 1- feels scratchy). The scores 0,1 are not acceptable. The scores G and VG are acceptable with score of VG being preferred over the score G
Smoothness score: This was based on the tactile/sensory feel of the whilst it was applied on the forearm for 30 seconds. The scores could be in the range: (Y - feels smooth, M – Medium smoothness, N - feels too rough). The score N is not acceptable whilst the scores of Y and M are acceptable with (Y is preferred over M)
Spreading score: This was based on the ease of spreading of the product on forearm whilst applying. The scores could be in the range: (R – Runny, S – spreads easily T – too thick, difficult to spread). The scores R and S are acceptable scores, with S being perceived to be better than R. Score T is unacceptable

Compositions comprising salicylic acid and coffee silverskin powder
Compositions were prepared by mixing active (0.4% by weight salicylic acid) with coffee silverskin powder (% by weight as tabulated below) and remaining water. The mesh size (particle size) of coffee silverskin powder used are tabulated below. Also tabulated below in each cell are the exfoliation score, smoothness score and spreading scores, in that order.

TABLE 1: Compositions comprising salicylic acid and coffee silverskin powder
Mesh Size (Particle size) Coffee silverskin powder (% by wt)
0.1 0.5 1.0 5 10 15 25 30
10+
(>2000 microns) - G,N,R G,N,R VG,N,R VG,N,R VG,N,R VG,N,R -
10-20 (850-2000 microns) 0,Y,R G,M,R G,M,R VG,M,R VG,M,R VG,M,R VG,M,R 1,M,R
20-140 (105-850 microns) 0,Y,R G,Y,R G,Y,R VG,Y,R VG,Y,R VG,Y,R VG,Y,R 1,Y,R
140- (<105 microns) - 0,Y,R 0,Y,R 0,Y,R 0,Y,R 0,Y,R 0,Y,R -

Effect of %by weight coffee silverskin powder
It can be seen that the exfoliation scores of the compositions within the scope of present invention (coffee silverskin powder wt% in the range 0.5-25% by weight) is acceptable (exfoliation core G or VG) with the compositions having coffee silverskin powder in the range 5-25% by weight having superior exfoliation score (VG) as compared to the compositions having coffee silverskin powder in the range 0.5-5% by weight (exfoliation score G).
The compositions comprising less than 0.5% by weight coffee silverskin powder (outside the scope of the present invention) do not provide acceptable exfoliation score (0 – no exfoliation). Similarly, the compositions comprising greater than 25% by weight coffee silverskin powder (outside the scope of the present invention) do not provide acceptable exfoliation score (1 – too scratchy).

Effect of mesh size (particle size) of coffee silverskin powder.
It can be seen that the smoothness scores of the compositions within the scope of present invention (coffee silverskin powder with particle size in the range 105-2000 microns (10-140 mesh)) is acceptable (smoothness score Y or M) with the compositions having coffee silverskin powder particle size in the range 105-850 microns having superior smoothness score (Y) as compared to the compositions having coffee silverskin powder particle size in the range 850-2000 microns (smoothness score M).
The compositions comprising coffee silverskin powder with particle size less than 105 microns (outside the scope of the present invention) do not provide acceptable exfoliation score (0 – no exfoliation). Similarly, the compositions of coffee silverskin powder with particle size greater than 200 microns comprising greater than 25% by weight coffee silverskin powder (outside the scope of the present invention) do not provide acceptable exfoliation score (N – feels too rough).
All the compositions tabulated above have acceptable spreading score (R).

Compositions comprising coffee silverskin powder and ginger root extract, coffee silverskin powder and sophorolipids, and phospholipids
Experiments were also carried out similar to those tabulated in Table 2 with compositions obtained by replacing the active (salicylic acid) with equal amount of ginger root extract, sophorolipids, and phospholipids. The resulting exfoliation score, smoothness score, and spreading score remain same as those reported in Table 2.

TABLE 3 Compositions comprising salicylic acid, coffee silverskin powder, and xanthan gum
Compositions were prepared by mixing active (0.4% by weight salicylic acid) with coffee silverskin powder of 20-140 mesh (% by weight as tabulated below), xanthan gum (% by weight as tabulated below) and remaining water. All these experiments were carried out with coffee silverskin powder of mesh size of 20-140 (particle size 105-850 microns). Also tabulated below in each cell are the exfoliation score, smoothness score and spreading scores, in that order.

Xanthan gum (% by wt) Coffee silverskin powder 20-140 mesh (% by wt)
0.1 0.5 1.0 5 10 15 25 30
0.5 - G,N,S G,N,S VG,N,S VG,N,S VG,N,S VG,N,S -
2 - G,Y,S G,Y,S VG,Y,S VG,Y,S VG,Y,S VG,Y,S -
5 - G,Y,S G,Y,S VG,Y,S VG,Y,S VG,Y,S VG,Y,S -
10 - G,Y,S G,Y,S VG,Y,S VG,Y,S G,Y,S VG,Y,S -
12 - G,Y,T G,Y,T VG,Y,T VG,Y,T G,Y,T VG,Y,T -

Effect of addition of xanthan gum (thickening agent)
It can be seen that compositions comprising xanthan gum within the range 0.5-10% by weight have spreading score of S (spreads easily, preferred) as compared with the corresponding compositions without xanthan gum which have a spreading score of R (Runny, acceptable). Furthermore, the compositions comprising 12% by weight xanthan gum have a spreading score of T (too thick to spread)
The scores tabulated above remain unchanged when the salicylic acid is replaced with equal amount of ginger root extract, sophorolipids or phospholipids or any other active.

Time kill assay protocol for experiments to determine antimicrobial efficacy
These tests were based on test standard protocol, ASTM E 2315 – 16.
Following are the details:
Test Inoculum: Malassezia furfur DSM 6171 or Propionibacterium acnes ATCC 6919
Test Product concentration used in the assay: Different concentration were used and the details are specified in each test
Diluent/Neutraliser for the assay: Lecithin, Polysorbate 80, Sod. Thiosulphate, Histidine, Saponin in Phosphate buffer 0.0025 mol/l
Contact Time : 1 minute and 5 minutes
Contact Temperature : Room Temperature (25 deg C)
Media and Reagent: Sabouraud's dextrose agar with over layered Olive Oil (for M fufur), Soyabean-casein digest agar (for P acnes), plates incubated at 37 deg C
Procedure: Test product was inoculated with test organisms bacteria/ fungi individually (approximately 108 CFU/ ml). After the specified exposure time of 1 minute and 5 minutes, surviving microorganisms were recovered by drawing an aliquot, neutralizing it and performing Standard Pour plate Technique. Culture count was ascertained by dilution Blank. Adequate Validation of Neutralizing agents was also carried out. Test was carried out in duplicate and the average count was taken as CFU/ ml.
The results were reported in terms of log reduction, calculated as follows
Log Reduction = Log (Initial count) - Log (Count remaining after contact time of 1 min or 5 min with the test product)

Test formulations:
The test formulations were all made starting from a base formulation. The composition of the base formulation is given below
Composition of the base formulation:
Ingredients/Supplier % by wt
Water 83.48
Disodium Cocoamphodiacetate (Trade name - Miranol C2M Conc.), Arihant (Mumbai) 3
Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate (Trade name - Oramix L 30), Yasham (Mumbai) 4
Sodium Lauroyl Methyl Isethionate (Trade name- Iselux Flakes), ValueTree (Mumbai) 1.1
Maltooligosyl Glucoside (and) Hydrogenated Starch Hydrolysate (Trade name - MG-60), DKSH (Mumbai) 2
Glycerin, Godrej (Navi Mumbai) 5
Xanthan gum (Trade name - Keltrol CG-SFT), Burzin & Leons (Navi Mumbai) 1.12

Preparation of base/test compositions
Water was taken in a main mixing vessel and MG 60 was added with continuous stirring and homogenizing. Miranol C2M Conc. was added with continuous stirring to the same vessel.
In a separate vessel add Oramix to DM water and heat upto 75 deg C with continuous mixing add Iselux flakes then it was allowed to cool till 45 deg C. After cooling this phase was added to the main mixing vessel.
In a separate vessel, add glycerine and Xanthan Gum with continuous stirring avoiding Lump formation. Once completed this phase was added to the main mixing vessel.
Coffee silverskin powder was sieved from the required mesh size for the experiments. Unless specified otherwise, coffee silverskin powder of mesh size 20-140 was used
Coffee silverskin powder and actives like Ginger root extract and Ginophos CD, when present in the composition, were added at the end of the formulation one by one with continuous mixing.

Test formulations were made by adding individual ingredients to the base formulation whilst replacing equivalent amount of water. For example, when coffee silverskin powder (6% by wt) was added as individual ingredient to the base formulation, the amount of water was reduced to 76.48% by wt instead of 83.48% by wt (6% by wt coffee silverskin powder replacing 6% by wt water from 83.48% by wt water)

The data from the time kill assay is tabulated below for test compositions which are also tabulated
TABLE 4 Time kill assay for various compositions (25% test product concentration in the assay)

EXAMPLE Additional ingredient (wt%) (replacing equivalent water from base formulation) Log Reduction of M furfur
(initial count: Log 5)
Coffee silverskin powder (CSP), 20-140 mesh Ginger root extract (GR) Contact time
1 min
CSP alone 6 0 0.76
GR alone 0 1 1.19
CSP+GR 6 1 1.21

From the above results it can be observed that, compositions comprising CSP+GR offer synergistic benefit over corresponding compositions comprising individual ingredients in terms of log reduction of M furfur.

TABLE 5 Time kill assay for various compositions (25% test product concentration in the assay)

EXAMPLE Additional ingredient (wt%) (replacing equivalent water from base formulation) Log Reduction of M furfur
(initial count: Log 5)
Coffee silverskin powder (CSP), 20-140 mesh sophorolipid (SL) Contact time
1 min
CSP alone 6 0 0.76
SL alone 0 0.2 1.17
CSP+SL 6 0.2 1.2

From the above results it can be observed that, compositions comprising CSP+SL offer synergistic benefit over corresponding compositions comprising individual ingredients in terms of log reduction of M furfur.

TABLE 6 Time kill assay for various compositions (25% test product concentration in the assay)

EXAMPLE Additional ingredient (wt%) (replacing equivalent water from base formulation) Log Reduction of M furfur
(initial count: Log 5)
Coffee silverskin powder (CSP), 20-140 mesh Phospholipid (PL) Contact time
1 min
CSP alone 6 0 0.76
PL alone 0 0.2 0.93
CSP+PL 6 0.2 1.27

From the above results it can be observed that, compositions comprising CSP+PL offer synergistic benefit over corresponding compositions comprising individual ingredients in terms of log reduction of M furfur.

EXAMPLE: Composition and tests against M. furfur and P. acne
A further composition was made as per the table below by adding following ingredients to the base formulation (whilst removing equivalent amounts of water)

Ingredient % by wt
Salicylic Acid 0.4
Ginger Root Extract 1
Coffee silverskin powder 20-140 mesh 6
Undecylenamidopropyl PG - chloride phosphate and Sophorolipids Trade name: Ginophos CD (Godrej) 0.2

The above formulation was tested against M. furfur and P. acnes according to the protocols described earlier
Product concentration in the assay (%) Organism Log reduction (initial count Log 5)
Contact time
1 min Contact time
5 min
50 M. furfur 2.03 4.23
100 M furfur 4.24 4.24
100 P. Acnes 3.28 4.18

From the above result, it can be seen that the composition according to the present invention provides antimicrobial efficacy against M. furfur as well as P. acnes
,CLAIMS:
1. A topical composition comprising water and coffee silverskin powder having mean particle size in the range of 105-2000 microns.

2. A topical composition as claimed in claim 1 comprising 0.5-25% by weight of coffee silverskin powder.

3. A topical composition as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2 comprising a thickening agent selected from:
(a) polyethylene glycol and derivatives thereof, or;
(b) polyacrylic acids and derivatives thereof, or;
(c) natural gum.

4. A topical composition as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, comprising an active selected from:
(a) an organic acid, or;
(b) ginger root extract, or;
(c) sophorolipids, or;
(d) phospholipids, or;
(e) sesame oil or
(f) cinnamon extract, or;
(g) niacinamide, or;
(h) benzoyl peroxide, or;
(i) kaolin clay, or;
(j) bentonite clay, or;
(k) rosemary oil or extract, or;
(l) alpha-hydroxy acid, or;
(m) tea tree oil, or;
(n) zinc pyrithione, or;
(o) selenium sulfide, or;
(p) aloe vera extract, or;
(q) Pro-vitamin B5.

5. A topical composition as claimed in any one of the preceding claims comprising one or more of said actives, with each active independently being 0.01-10% by weight of the composition.

6. A topical composition as claimed in any one of the preceding claims 4-5 wherein the organic acid is salicylic acid.

7. A topical composition as claimed in any one of the preceding claims comprising an emollient.

8. A topical composition as claimed in any one of the preceding claims comprising caffeine.

9. A topical composition as claimed in any one of the preceding claims comprising a humectant.

10. A topical composition as claimed in any one of the preceding claims comprising a skin hydrating agent.