Description:DESCRIPTION:
Field of the invention:
[0001] The present disclosure generally relates to the technical field of transparent conductive electrode fabrication system, in specific relates to a transparent conductive electrode and a green synthesis method of fabrication of the transparent conductive electrode.
Background of the invention:
[0002] Transparent conducting films are thin films of optically transparent and electrically conductive materials. The transparent conducting films are an important component in a number of electronic devices, including liquid crystal displays, organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), touchscreens, and photovoltaic applications. The transparent conducting films for the photovoltaic applications are fabricated from both organic and inorganic materials, which can be fabricated to be highly transparent to infrared light, along with networks of polymers such as poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) and its derivatives.

[0003] The transparent conducting films are typically used as transparent electrodes when a situation calls for low resistance electrical contacts without blocking light (e.g., LEDs, photovoltaic applications, solar cells). The transparent conductive electrode materials possess wide band gaps whose energy value is greater than that of visible light. As such, photons with energies below the band gap value of the transparent conductive electrode materials so, the photons are not absorbed by the transparent conductive electrode materials. These transparent conductive electrode materials are used in some applications, such as solar cells, which often require a wider range of transparency beyond visible light to make efficient use of the full solar spectrum.

[0004] Initially, transparent conductive polymers are used as the transparent conductive electrode polymers on light-emitting diodes and photovoltaic devices. The transparent electrodes have low conductivity compared to transparent conductive oxides, but the transparent conductive polymers have low absorption of the visible spectrum, allowing them to act as the transparent conductive electrode polymers on the electrical and photovoltaic devices. However, the transparent conductive electrode polymers lower the efficiency of the photovoltaic applications.

[0005] In existing technology, the photovoltaic applications are fabricated from both organic and inorganic material. The inorganic transparent conductive electrode materials for the fabrication of transparent electrodes include a transparent conducting oxide (TCO), an indium tin oxide (ITO) and a fluoride-doped tin oxide (FTO). The organic transparent conductive electrode materials for fabrication of transparent electrodes includes the carbon nanotube network and grapheme, which can be fabricated to be highly transparent to infrared light, along with networks of polymers such as poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) and its derivatives.

[0006] In existing technology, the indium tin oxide (ITO) is the most commonly used transparent conductive electrode material for the fabrication of transparent electrodes because of its electrical conductivity and optical transparency. The Indium-tin oxide (ITO) is a ternary composition of indium, tin and oxygen in varying proportions. There are few methods of fabrication of indium tin oxide nanoparticles. The one most popular is the hydrothermal method, which uses a mixed hydrochloric acid solution of metallic indium and tin and a hydrous solution of sodium hydroxide.

[0007] The solution is placed in the hydrothermal autoclave for 12 hours at 240 °c. At the next step, after a few processes of centrifugation and washing, the solution is dried in a vacuum for 12 hours at 800°c. In the end, step samples are sintered in air for 2 hours at 500°c. However, the fabrication of indium tin oxide nanoparticles doubles the amount of technical processes, and the product cost also drastically increases. The substances used in the hydrothermal method are dangerous for the natural environment and human health. Landfilling or incinerating the indium tin oxide (ITO) is harmful to human health in the long term.

[0008] Therefore, there is a need for a synthesis method of fabricating transparent electrodes and the hazard free transparent conductive electrode materials should be used in the synthesis method. The transparent conductive electrode materials are used in the synthesis method should achieve high transparency and high conductivity.
Objectives of the invention:
[0009] The primary objective of the invention is to provide a green synthesis method for fabricating a transparent conductive electrode by synthesizing hazard free transparent conductive electrode materials.

[0010] Another objective of the invention is to provide a green synthesis method for fabricating a transparent conductive electrode by synthesizing Zinc-Tin Oxide (ZTO) nanoparticles, Magnesium Fluoride (MgF2) nanoparticles and poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT: PSS).

[0011] Yet another objective of the invention is to provide a green synthesis method for fabricating a transparent conductive electrode with combination of ZTO and MgF2 to get high transparency and high conductivity.

[0012] Further objective of the invention is to provide a green synthesis method for fabricating a transparent conductive electrode with (PEDOT: PSS) for achieving 98% transparency and conductivity in 10-8 S/m.

[0013] The other objective of the invention is to provide a green synthesis method for fabricating a transparent conductive electrode having a tri-layer structure for achieving high transparency and high conductivity.

[0014] The other objective of the invention is to provide a green synthesis method for fabricating a transparent conductive electrode for achieving high transmission as transmission in the UV-visible.

Summary of the invention:
[0015] The present disclosure proposes fabrication of a transparent conductive electrode as a tri-layer structure using a green synthesis method. The following presents a simplified summary in order to provide a basic understanding of some aspects of the claimed subject matter. This summary is not an extensive overview. It is not intended to identify key or critical elements or to delineate the scope of the claimed subject matter. Its sole purpose is to present some concepts in a simplified form as a prelude to the more detailed description that is presented later.

[0016] In order to overcome the above deficiencies of the prior art, the present disclosure is to solve the technical problem to provide a transparent conductive electrode fabrication as a tri-layer structure by using a green synthesis method for achieving high transparency and high conductivity.

[0017] According to an aspect, the invention provides a transparent conductive electrode having a tri-layer structure for achieving high transparency and high conductivity. The transparent conductive electrode fabrication as a tri-layer structure comprises a first compound layer, a second compound layer and a third compound layer. The first compound layer is configured to achieve high transmission. The first compound layer includes Zinc Tin Oxide (ZTO) nanoparticles which are not harmful for human bodies. The first compound layer is prepared by synthesizing aloe barbadensis mills with Zinc Chloride (ZnCl2) and Tin(II) Chloride (SnCl2) using a hydrothermal method.

[0018] The second compound layer is configured to synthesize with the first compound layer for an anti-reflective coating. The second compound layer includes Magnesium Fluoride (MgF2) nanoparticles. The second compound layer is prepared by synthesizing Terminalia catappa leaves with Magnesium Chloride (MgCl2) and Ammonium Fluoride (NH4F) using the hydrothermal method. The second compound layer is synthesized with the first compound layer to form a composition of zinc tin oxide (ZTO) nanoparticles and Magnesium Fluoride (MgF2) nanoparticles for an anti-reflecting coating, thereby achieving high transmission, thereby the first compound layer and the second compound layer are considered by checking whether the diameter of an anti-bacterial activity is less than threshold using the agar-well diffusion method.

[0019] The third compound layer is configured to dispose on the synthesized second compound layer for achieving 98% transparency and 10-8 S/m of conductivity. The third compound layer 106 includes a poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT: PSS). The transparent conductive electrodes that have zinc and tin and are abundant on earth are harmless to human bodies. The transparent conductive electrode fabrication as a tri-layer structure by using the green synthesis method in order to achieve 98% transparency and conductivity in 10-8 S/m.

[0020] According to an aspect, the invention provides a green synthesis method for fabricating the transparent conductive electrode as a tri-layer structure. At one step, the first compound layer is prepared by synthesizing aloe barbadensis mills with Zinc Chloride (ZnCl2) and Tin(II) Chloride (SnCl2) using the hydrothermal method. At another step, the second compound layer is prepared by synthesizing terminalia catappa leaves with Magnesium Chloride (MgCl2) and Ammonium Fluoride (NH4F) using the hydrothermal method. At another step, the first compound layer and the second compound layer are considered for the further process of the green synthesis method by checking whether the diameter of an anti-bacterial activity is less than a threshold value of 6 mm using an agar-well diffusion method.

[0021] At another step, the first compound layer is deposited on the second compound layer 104 for providing an anti-reflecting coating. Further, at another step, the third compound layer is disposed on the synthesized second compound layer for achieving at least 98% transparency and 10-8 S/m of conductivity.

[0022] Further, objects and advantages of the present invention will be apparent from a study of the following portion of the specification, the claims, and the attached drawings.

Detailed description of drawings:
[0023] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of the specification, illustrate an embodiment of the invention, and, together with the description, explain the principles of the invention.

[0024] FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary block diagram of a transparent conductive electrode 100 having a tri-layer structure for achieving high transparency and high conductivity.

[0025] FIG. 2 illustrates an exemplary method for fabricating the transparent conductive electrode 100 as a tri-layer structure for achieving 98% transparency and 10-8 S/m of conductivity
Detailed invention disclosure:
[0026] Various embodiments of the present invention will be described in reference to the accompanying drawings. Wherever possible, same or similar reference numerals are used in the drawings and the description to refer to the same or like parts or steps.

[0027] The present disclosure has been made with a view towards solving the problem with the prior art described above, and it is an object of the present invention to fabricate a transparent conductive electrode 100 as a tri-layer structure by using a green synthesis method for achieving high transparency and high conductivity.

[0028] According to an exemplary embodiment of the invention, FIG. 1 refers to an exemplary block diagram of a transparent conductive electrode 100 having a tri-layer structure for achieving high transparency and high conductivity. The transparent conductive electrode 100 fabricated as a tri-layer structure comprises a first compound layer 102, a second compound layer 104 and a third compound layer 106. The first compound layer 102 is configured to achieve high transmission. The first compound layer 102 includes Zinc Tin Oxide (ZTO) nanoparticles, which are not harmful for human bodies. The first compound layer 102 is prepared by synthesizing aloe barbadensis mills with Zinc Chloride (ZnCl2) and Tin(II) Chloride (SnCl2) using a hydrothermal method.

[0029] The second compound layer 104 is configured to synthesize with the first compound layer 102 for an anti-reflecting coating. The second compound layer 104 includes Magnesium Fluoride (MgF2) nanoparticles. The second compound layer 104 is prepared by synthesizing Terminalia catappa leaves with Magnesium Chloride (MgCl2) and Ammonium Fluoride (NH4F) using the hydrothermal method.

[0030] In one example embodiment herein, the hydrothermal method is used to synthesize Zinc Tin Oxide (ZTO) nanoparticles and Magnesium Fluoride (MgF2) nanoparticles. Initially, in the hydrothermal method, a precursor solution is prepared with 1:1 mole concentrations of Zinc Chloride (ZnCl2) and Tin(II) Chloride (SnCl2) in a first container and 1:1 mole concentrations of Magnesium Chloride (MgCl2) and Ammonium Fluoride (NH4F) in a second container. The precursor solution in the first container is added with aloe barbadensis mills, and the second container is added with Terminalia catappa leaves.

[0031] The first and second containers are positioned under a magnetic stirrer for about 3 hours to obtain a perfect blending between the leaves and chemical precursors for preparing a thick solution. The thick solutions from the first and second containers are transferred to separate Teflon containers. The Teflon containers are equipped with stainless autoclaves. The stainless autoclaves maintain 200°C for 24 hours to obtain powders. The obtained powders are cleaned and annealed at 600°C for 4 hours to obtain fine powders named as Zinc Tin Oxide (ZTO) nanoparticles and Magnesium Fluoride (MgF2) nanoparticles.

[0032] The second compound layer 104 is synthesized with the first compound layer 102 to form a composition of zinc tin oxide (ZTO) nanoparticles and Magnesium Fluoride (MgF2) nanoparticles for an anti-reflective coating, thereby achieving high transmission, thereby the first compound layer 102 and the second compound layer 104 are considered by checking whether the diameter of an anti-bacterial activity is less than threshold using the agar-well diffusion method.

[0033] In one example embodiment herein, the agar-well diffusion method is used to consider Zinc Tin Oxide (ZTO) nanoparticles and Magnesium Fluoride (MgF2) nanoparticles for further process of fabrication of a transparent electrode by investigating the anti-bacterial activity. The agar-well diffusion method includes a plurality of Mueller-Hinton agar plates and a sterile cork borer.

[0034] The plurality of Mueller-Hinton agar plates is configured to investigate the anti-bacterial activity. The sterile cork borer is configured to make wells on a plurality of Mueller-Hinton agar plates. Initially, in the agar-well diffusion method, the fungi are spread on a plurality of Mueller-Hinton agar plates using a plurality of sterile cotton swabs. The sterile cork borer is used to make five wells on each Mueller-Hinton agar plate and 50 microliters of the Zinc Tin Oxide (ZTO) nanoparticles and Magnesium Fluoride (MgF2) nanoparticles with antibiotics and Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO) are added to the five wells of each Mueller-Hinton agar plate. The plurality of Mueller-Hinton agar plates are allowed at room temperature for one hour then the plurality of Mueller-Hinton agar plates are covered with lids and incubated at 37°C for 24 hours.

[0035] After incubation, the plurality of Mueller-Hinton agar plates are observed for a zone to form a bacterial growth inhibition. The anti-bacterial activity of the Zinc Tin Oxide (ZTO) and Magnesium Fluoride (MgF2) nanoparticles is measured in terms of the average diameter of the inhibition zone in millimetres. Those Zinc Tin Oxide (ZTO) nanoparticles and Magnesium Fluoride (MgF2) nanoparticles, which are unable to exhibit inhibition zone diameter is less than six millimetres are considered by using Streptomycin (100μg mL-1) standard drug.

[0036] The third compound layer 106 is configured to dispose on the synthesized second compound layer for achieving 98% transparency and 10-8 S/m of conductivity. The third compound layer 106 includes a poly (3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene): polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT: PSS). The transparent conductive electrode 100 which has zinc and tin that are abundant on earth, is harmless to human bodies. The transparent conductive electrode 100 is fabricated as a tri-layer structure using the green synthesis method in order to achieve 98% transparency and conductivity in 10-8 S/m.

[0037] According to an exemplary embodiment of the invention, FIG. 2 refers to a flowchart 200 of an exemplary green synthesis method for fabricating the transparent conductive electrode 100 as a tri-layer structure for achieving high transmission and conductivity. According to an aspect, the green synthesis method for fabricating the transparent conductive electrode 100 as tri-layer structure.

[0038] At step 202, the first compound layer 102 is prepared by synthesizing aloe barbadensis mills with Zinc Chloride (ZnCl2) and Tin(II) Chloride (SnCl2) using the hydrothermal method. At step 204, the second compound layer 104 is prepared by synthesizing terminalia catappa leaves with Magnesium Chloride (MgCl2) and Ammonium Fluoride (NH4F) using the hydrothermal method. At step 206, the first compound layer 102 and the second compound layer 104 are considered for the further process of the green synthesis method by checking whether the diameter of an anti-bacterial activity is less than a threshold value of 6 mm using an agar-well diffusion method.

[0039] At step 208, the first compound layer 102 is deposited on the second compound layer 104 for providing an anti-reflecting coating. At step 210, the third compound layer 106 is disposed on the synthesized second compound layer (104) for achieving at least 98% transparency and 10-8 S/m of conductivity.

[0040] Numerous advantages of the present disclosure may be apparent from the discussion above. In accordance with the present disclosure, a green synthesis method for fabricating the transparent conductive electrode 100 by synthesizing hazardous-free transparent conductive electrode materials is disclosed. The green synthesis method for fabricating a transparent conductive electrode 100 uses a combination of ZTO nanoparticles and MgF2 nanoparticles to get high transparency and high conductivity by forming an anti-reflecting coating.

[0041] The transparent conductive electrode 100 is fabricated as a tri-layer structure by synthesizing Zinc-Tin Oxide (ZTO) nanoparticles, Magnesium Fluoride (MgF2) nanoparticles, and poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT: PSS) for achieving high transparency and high conductivity. The transparent conductive electrode (100) having zinc and tin that are abundant on earth are harmless to human bodies.

[0042] It will readily be apparent that numerous modifications and alterations can be made to the processes described in the foregoing examples without departing from the principles underlying the invention, and all such modifications and alterations are intended to be embraced by this application.
, Claims:CLAIMS:
I / We Claim:
1. A transparent conductive electrode (100) fabricated as a tri-layer structure ,comprising:
a first compound layer (102) configured to achieve high transmission;
a second compound layer (104) configured to be deposited on the first compound layer (102) for providing an anti-reflecting coating;
a third compound layer (106) configured to dispose on the synthesized second compound layer (104) for achieving at least 98% transparency and 10-8 S/m of conductivity; and
whereby the transparent conductive electrode (100) fabrication as the tri-layer structure by using the green synthesis method in order to achieve 98% transparency and conductivity in 10-8 S/m.
2. The transparent conductive electrode (100) fabrication as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first compound layer (102) includes Zinc Tin Oxide (ZTO) nanoparticles, the second compound layer (104) includes Magnesium Fluoride (MgF2) nanoparticles and the third compound layer (106) includes a poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT: PSS).
3. The transparent conductive electrode (100) fabrication as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first compound layer (102) is prepared by the synthesizing of aloe barbadensis mill with Zinc Chloride (ZnCl2) and Tin(II) Chloride (SnCl2) by using the green synthesis method.
4. The transparent conductive electrode (100) fabrication as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first compound layer (102) is prepared by the synthesizing of terminalia catappa leaves with Magnesium Chloride (MgCl2) and Ammonium Fluoride (NH4F) by using the green synthesis method.
5. The transparent conductive electrode (100) fabrication as claimed in claim 1, wherein the second compound layer (104) is synthesized with the first compound layer (102) for an anti-reflecting coating, thereby achieving high transmission.
6. The transparent conductive electrode (100) fabrication as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first compound layer (102) and the second compound layer (104) are considered by checking whether the diameter of an anti-bacterial activity is less than a threshold value of 6 mm using a agar-well diffusion method.
7. The transparent conductive electrode (100) fabrication as claimed in claim 1, wherein the transparent conductive electrode (100) having zinc and tin that are abundant on earth are harmless to human bodies.
8. A green synthesis method for fabricating a transparent conductive electrode (100) as tri-layer structure, comprising:
preparing a first compound layer (102) by synthesizing aloe barbadensis mills with Zinc Chloride (ZnCl2) and Tin(II) Chloride (SnCl2) using a hydrothermal method;
preparing a second compound layer (104) by synthesizing terminalia catappa leaves with Magnesium Chloride (MgCl2) and Ammonium Fluoride (NH4F) using the hydrothermal method;
considering the first compound layer (102) and the second compound layer (104) by checking whether the diameter of an anti-bacterial activity is less than a threshold value of 6 mm using an agar-well diffusion method;
depositing the first compound layer (102) on the second compound layer (104) for providing an anti-reflecting coating; and
disposing a third compound layer (106) on the synthesized second compound layer (104) for achieving at least 98% transparency and 10-8 S/m of conductivity.