84 THE GAZETTE OF INDIAN ; EXTRAORDINARY [PART II—Sac. 3(ii)I
FORM 2
THE PATENT ACT 1970
(3d of 1970)
&
The Patents Rules, 2003
PROVISIONAL/COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
(See section 10 and rule 13)
1. TITLE OF THE INVENTION A Turpine based on boundary layer
principle. The cylinder turbine
2. APPLICANT (S)
(a) NAME: SACHIN JOSHI
(b)NATIONALITY: INDIAN
(c)ADDRESS: 41, Om Aditya CHS., Ganeshwadi Panehpakhadi, Thane 400 601

3. PREAMBLE TO THE DESCRIPTION
PROVISIONAL COMPLETE
The following specification describes the The following specification particularly describes
Invention. the invention and the manner in which it is to be
performed.
4. DESCRIPTION {Description shall start from next page.)
5. CLAIMS (not applicable for provisional specification. Claims should start with the preamble — "I/we Claim" on separate page)
6. DATE AND SIGNATURE (to be given at the end of last page of specification)
7. ABSTRACT OF THE INVENTION (to be given along with complete specification on separate page)
Not*: -
• Repeat boxes in case of more than one entry.
• To be signed by the applicant (s) or by authorized registered patent agent
• 'Name of the applicant should be given In full, family name In the beginning.
• Con . plete address of the applicant should be given stating the postal index no,/code, state and
country.
• Strike out the column which Is/are not applicable

A turbine design based on boundary layer
principle. The Cylinder turbine
Field of invention
This invention generally relates to turbines to produce work using any fluid. It is more specific towards steam turbine for electricity generation.
Background of the invention.
Nikola Tesia patented a turbine based on boundary layer in 1913. The invention used multiple thinly spaced disks with a fluid passing between these disks tangentially. The passing fluid will generate a boundary layer and the energy of the fluid is passed on to the disks giving them rotational motion.
Though the invention works it was never accepted by the world in spite of higher efficiency then other turbines. There are certain reasons for the rejection of the device, which are:
1. The design is a difficult engineering task. E.g. keeping the disk parallel and keeping the width same across 10 or 12 disks.
2. The disks need to be parallel to each other throughout the working or the boundary layer becomes inefficient.
3. The disks warp on prolonged use, as the heat generated causes them to expand.
4. To improve the efficiency one needs to increase the number of disks adding to the existing load of turbine.
5. The viscosity of the fluid used will determine the spacing between the disks. The efficiency is lost if the spacing is not right.
The above-mentioned reasons apart from some other reasons made the "Tesla Turbine" or the "boundary layer turbine" ineffective, as it could not be scaled to the size to be feasible. The recent developments in material science can help in improvement of stability and also make it scalable to be used in various industries, but the cost


of the materials along with R&D expense does not make it very feasible.
All these challenges have been overcome with the present invention and design, which provides extremely cost effective scalability. In fact it would actually be a much more cheaper to build then the current impulse or reaction turbines for electricity generation.
The current technology of bladed steam turbines has it's own set of deficiencies. E.g.
1. The cost of construction due to special material used to make blades.
2. Need of superheated steam.
3. Need to ensure no water is passed along with steam, which would damage the blades.
4. The cost of operating due to fluctuating fuel costs.
These challenges are overcome with the Cylinder turbine. The material used for construction of the Cylinder turbine is made from standard material readily available. The design is far more rugged, which would not be affected if the steam contains some water along with it. The cylinder turbine needs less amount of pressure. Both the previous advantages also would also burn lesser fuel, which is a recurring cost.
This invention that is very simple in design can be fine-tuned to suit any industry, which requires rotational movement via a gas turbine. Electricity generation would be greatly benefited with this. The simplicity and use of standard, readily available material in this invention along with the scalability makes it a very viable replacement for today's turbines for quite a few applications.
Brief description of the drawing
Fig. 1 shows the front view of the turbine with the position of fluid inlet nozzle. The positions of cylinders are also shown in this drawing.
Fig 2 shows the top view of the turbine.


Summary of the invention
The device is made of two disks (6) and attached between them are eight cylinders as shown in the drawings (2). The cylinders should not touch each other and the gap between any two cylinders would be dependent on the fluid used to drive the turbine. Though one can keep the gap constant for multiple fluids, but in that case the rotational speed would vary from fluid to fluid, unless the Reynolds number of the fluids are very similar. The disks are mounted on an axle (4 & 5) in a manner that the axle will rotate along with disks. The work can be drawn from this rotating axle. The axle shaft can be keyed or held in place using screws or any other method. This would ensure zero slippage when the turbine starts rotating.
The fluid needs to be passed on the cylinders at a particular distance away from the disks and also away from the top most point on the disks (1). The position of the nozzle (1) needs to be accurate as the efficiency of the turbine would be dependent on that. When the fluid is released from the nozzle a boundary layer is formed on the cylinder. The energy of the moving fluid is passed on the cylinder causing the cylinder to move in the direction of the flow of fluid. This will cause the movement of the disk marginally. The movement of the disk will move away the original cylinder and the next cylinder will move into place of the first one. With the inertia taken care of and with the initial movement it is easier for the next cylinder to move bringing in the third cylinder in contact with the fluid. This would get the disks in motion till the time the fluid is withdrawn.
The surfaces of all the solid parts coming in contact with the fluid need to be smooth. This is to ensure boundary layer formation, as rough surfaces do not form boundary layer. The drag caused by boundary layer is the working principle behind this turbine.
The entire unit is housed in a metal frame. This enclosure further assists the efficiency of the turbine. The housing will have the inlet nozzle and it can be used directly by connecting the tubing carrying the fluid. The housing will also have exhaust vanes (3) on one or both sides. These vanes would let the fluid escape from the turbine. The drawings do not show the housing of the turbine as it can be designed based on needs of every industry.


Claims

1. The Cylinder Turbine is capable of moving a load using boundary layer principle and not impulsive / reactive force. This turbine does not use any blades as an impulse type turbine does.
2. The device in claim 1 has variable number of cylinders, at least two disks, at least one inlet and at least one outlet. Either one of the disk or both the disks have vanes around the center as illustrated in the fig. 1. The outlet vanes are to pass the fluid out of the turbine. The number of cylinders will also make a difference to the efficiency and load handling. The gaps between the cylinders needs to be right as it is will cause a difference in efficiency.
3. The turbine of claim 1 is capable of Self-start on application of pressurized fluid. The Self-start of the turbine is dependent on the load and / or the pressure of the fluid used.
4. The device of claim 1 can be housed in a metal enclosure, which would also hold the inlet nozzle.
5. This turbine of claim 1 can work on low pressure, thus increasing its efficiency.
6. The position (distance, direction and angle) of the nozzle of this turbine of claim 1 has to be accurate as the efficiency and the working of the turbine would be greatly affected with it.
7. The turbine of claim 1 is scalable in size and can be scaled to suit the specific industry's application.
8. This turbine can function with low quality of steam if it is to be used for electricity generation using steam turbine without causing damage to the turbine, as is the case with bladed turbines.
9. The turbine of Claim 1 can have other shapes instead of a cylinder between the two disks, as long of the shape is capable of generating boundary layer (shape of drop, aerofoil, semi circle, etc.). However the shape will make a difference in the efficiency of the turbine. The most efficient shape for the turbine will be based on the industry of application, and can be determined only on experimentation with various shapes and also with the fluid to bemused.


Abstract
The device is a turbine that uses boundary layer principle instead of the impulsive / reactive technique. The turbine, which has at least one inlet (1, Fig. 1) and at least one outlet vane (3, Fig 1), overcomes certain drawbacks of the impulsive turbine like cost of material used for bladed turbines or the maintenance required for the bladed turbines amongst others. This turbine also overcomes previously patented turbine based on boundary layer principle. The Cylinder turbine is also efficient, as it needs lower pressure of input fluid.