Background
Transport plays a vital role in the world economic growth by facilitating
movement of peoples and goods throughout the world. The world's
transportation system depends on fossil petroleum for 95% of the energy it
uses and produces about 20% of the anthropogenic greenhouse gas
emissions (IEA 2012)\ Governments around the world are currently
grappling with two distinct interconnected problems - how to reduce
emissions of climate changing greenhouse gases and how to reduce
dependence on finit and often imported supply of petroleum. Achieving
both energy security and climate protection will likely require a shift from a
petroleum powered transportation system to one that relies on a
combination of electricity - battery electric and plug in hybrids, hydrogen
and biofuels (NRC2013)2. How to accomplish such a large scale transition
efficiently and effectively is an enormous challenge. While predicting the
energy scenario as emerging in the twenty-first century, Michio Kaku
(2011 )3 observed that there is no immediate replacement of fossil fuels but
the most promising successor is renewable (Wind/Solar/Hydro-
electric/Hydrogen) power in the near future (present to 2030).
Automobile industry in India is one of the largest in the world and accounts
for about 7% of the country's GDP. Passenger vehicles (comprising cars,
utility vehicles and vans) segment is presently the fastest growing segment

of the automobile industry in the country. Virtually all automobiles on roads today have internal combustion engines that operate on petrol or diesel fuel. In addition to providing energy for movement of the vehicle, the engine also powers rotation of an alternator to generate electricity which recharges a storage battery to meet electrical needs for head tights, horn, water pump, parking lights, power window, wiper, fog lights etc. In automobiles with AC facility, the battery is able to support electricity to AC blower, radiator fan and electromagnetic clutch but in view of the higher torque need of the AC compressor, its operation is powered with vehicle's engine.
Heating, ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) system is an important part of automotive power system responsible for the thermal comfort of its occupants. The primary purpose of the HVAC system is to maintain the vehicle's cabin temperature and humidity at comfortable level of the passengers and recirculation of the air inside the cabin. The power necessary to operate the HVAC system is related to the peak cooling load based on outside temperature. Since much more energy is needed in HVAC operation than any other accessories, the system significantly increases the energy consumption of the vehicles. With economic growth and rising personal incomes coupled with Gol focus on improving road infrastructure, the PV segment of the automobiles specially with AC facility is expected to continue its faster growth is coming year in our country. This will lead to huge increase in the consumption of the crude oil. As our country is primarily dependent on imports for the supply of crude oil, the sector fast growth coupled with its price volatility has potential to substantially drain our valuable foreign exchange and also seriously degrade our environment through C02 emission. The increasing environmental concern has brought on the forefront the urgent need to promote adoption of alternative preferably green fuels to the extent possible in the vehicles to reduce consumption of crude oil and also to get reduced vehicular GHG emissions.
Efforts made to improve efficiency
Improving the efficiency of conventional vehicles including the hybrid
electric vehicles (HEVs) is presently the most economical and easiest to
implement approach to save fuel and reduce emissions. So, concentrated
efforts have been made to achieve reduction of the loads the engine must
overcome specifically vehicle weight, aerodynamic resistance, rolling
resistance and accessories. In addition, the HEVs combine two sources of
power i.e. conventional ICE and electric motor to provide propulsion and
also take advantage of regenerative braking and shutting of the engine at
red lights to improve efficiency. However, in view of the fact that petrol
operated ICE being the primary source of power, the possibility of a very
significant fuel consumption reduction from the HEVs too is limited at
present. In the situation, use of bio-fuels and alternative vehicles viz plug in
hybrid electric vehicle (PHEVs), battery electric vehicle (BEVs), fuel cell
electric vehicles (FCEVs) and ICE vehicles using compressed natural gas
(CNGVs) have been suggested (NRC 2013)2. But all these alternative
vehicle options currently are more expensive than conventional ICEVs.
Their adoption will also require special infrastructure in place. So, the
situation warrants for a new approach to improve the efficiency of ICE
based vehicles which will continue to be with us in the foreseeable future.
Use of energy from renewable sources will be most desirable towards
| reducing emissions from the vehicles but this also poses an equally

challenging task.
Our Approach for fuel consumption reduction
It is apparent from the forgoing that significant advances have already been achieved in designing the vehicle engine and its body to get considerable efficiency in conventional as well as in HEVs. In this background it was viewed by us that further saving in fuel corisumption can be obtained by electrifying operation of some of the accessories currently being powered with vehicle engine with significant fuel consumption with the electricity generated from a renewable energy source. With above in view we ventured to invent a new technique of electricity generation during movement of vehicles with air impact and'got it 'patented also (Ref. Patent Application No. 3044/MUM/2015). The innovation presented here relates to the use of electricity generated with above technique to electrify the operation of vehicles AC compressor since it consumes substantial power over longer period and presently being operated with vehicle's engine power.
The challenging task can be visualized in the background of the fact that presently all the Car accessories are already electrified with the electricity generated with vehicle's alternator except the higher torque requiring car AC compressor. Since the petroleum operated vehicles generate and use 12 VDC electric in their operation, we ventured to operate the AC compressor also with the 12 VDC electricity keeping in view the synergy in operation as well as safety of the vehicle in spite of the fact that the battery operated vehicles including bikes use 48V battery pack.
References:
1. International Energy Agency (2012) Energy Technology Perspective, OECD,
Paris
2. National Research Council (2013) Transition to Alternative Vehicles and Fuels.
National Academic press, Washington DC.
3. Michio Kaku (2012) In chapter 5 'Future of Energy - Energy from the stars" -
The inventions that transform our lives (Penguin Books).

4. DESCRIPTION (Description shall start from next page)
A. Components with Functions
Functioning of the air conditioning system starts with rotation of its compressor with the he'lp of a power source to compress its refrigerant gas. In our innovation the rotational torque of the vehicle AC compressor is met through a battery powered 12 V PMDC motor andthe battery is recharged from the electricity generated during movement of the vehicle with the experienced air impact. Thus our innovation accomplishes two new sets of functions irvthe vehicle AC operations as described hereunder:
a) Electric generation during vehicle movement
As pointed earlier, a new technique of electric generation on moving vehicles has already been invented by us. The same technique is adopted in the present innovation. For this purpose an alternator is installed on the top of the vehicle at a suitable height in its front portion and a fan, modified by us having angular blades is attached on the alternator shaft which rotates on experiencing air impact during movement of the vehicle. Components as detailed in our Patent Application No. 3044/MUM/2015 have been adopted with slight modification in the present innovation. A brief description of the components used is presented hereunder:
i. Fan and Blade Assembly
Fan blade material, weight and design constitute deciding factors in availability of kinetic rotational energy from air impact as well as its strength to face the exerted air pressure. Taking into consideration the above, we used a light weight fan with 5 angular blades with following description.
(i) Material - Plastic
(ii) Length-53 Cm
(iii) Width - 4.5 Cm near pitch and 9.5 Cm on outer end
(iv) Weight of blade-500 gm.
(v) Diameter of pitch 5.5 Cm
(vi) Width of blade pitch-2.5 Cm
(vii) Attachment of blade with the pitch - at angle of 55°
(viii) Blade - Curved backward
(ix) Area receiving air impact - About 60% of the circular area the fan
The back portion of the fan blades is supported with a light metal strip to sustain the air impact.
(i) Alternator - 14 V 120 Amp Alternator of Bosch make is used for electricity generation.
(ii)Battery Pack - 2 parallel connected batteries each of 45 Ah (total 90 Ah) is used to store the generated electricity and power the connected motor.

b) Use of the Generated Electricity in AC compressor rotation
The AC compressor rotation in our innovation was achieved by operating the following components with the use of the generated electricity.
i. PMDC Motor - After experimenting with various capacities of 12 and 24 V BLDC/PMDC motors, finally 12 V PMDC Motor of 0.75 HP and 1500 RPM was * found most suitable for our purpose.
*
ii. Compressor- Scroll type Mitsubishi make compressor with DPH 3.53 MPa/DPL 1.67 MPa and 80 cc displacement provided most satisfactory results with reference to power consumption and effective air conditioning.
B. Installation of the system
The alternator is first fixed in front portion of the carrier placed firmly on top of the vehicle. The selected fan is attached on the shaft of the alternator in such a way that the fan blades can rotate freely with air impact when the vehicles moves. The alternator is connected through cables with the battery pack. The battery is further connected with PMDC electric motor placed in the front portion of the vehicle near radiator. The motor is connected with the AC compressor with belt-pulley arrangement.
C. Operation of the Innovation and its outcome
i. Electric generation
It is observed that on initiation of the vehicle movement, the fan blades starts rotating slowly and the rotation increases with increasing speed of the vehicles. On the speed at about 50 km, the electricity generation starts and increases with increasing speed. It is a known fact that even for a fixed capacity of an alternator, the electric generation will depend on the interplay of various factors such as blade characteristics - size, weight, angular orientation, blade material and circular area occupied etc., speed of vehicle, installation height. In addition, wind speed and its direction viz-a-viz movement of vehicle also affects the electric generation. It was observed during trials that in the range of 60 -80 km/hr vehicle speed, the alternator rotated with 600 - 800 RPM and the generated electricity recharged the connected storage battery.
ii. AC Compressor operation
It has been mentioned earlier that at under present AC compressor is operated with engine power while other accessories viz Electro-Magnetic clutch and blower are electrified with the vehicle battery. In our innovation both the high power consuming components viz AC compressor and the Electro-Magnetic Clutch are powered from the battery being recharged with the generated electricity. The Air conditioning system starts functioning with switching on" the Motor ancTtfie clutch resulting into rotation of the compressor. By adjusting diameter of the Motor pulley, desired rotation of compressor i.e. around 1000 RMP was observed which resulted in satisfactory air conditioning of the

vehicle cabin in a reasonable time which was in conformity with normal AC functioning of the vehicle.
iii. Innovation Outcome and Impact on Vehicle Mileage
It was observed that AC compressor functioned effectively with 35 - 45 AMP current supplied by the battery and consumed 425 - 545 Watt. At 60 - 80 km/h vehicle speed, the generated electricity was able to recharge the battery effectively and so, no drop in voltage of the battery was observed during operation of the AC with our innovation. The impact of the electric generation system installed On the top of the vehicle and its operation during movement of vehicle on the vehicle fuel consumption was assessed through mileage measurements under both situations i.e. without electric generation (no fan attached) and with electric generation and its use in AC operation. The measurement was done by a leading Maruti Suzuki Service Provider - Jeewan Motors Pvt. Ltd., Bhopal by using Econo-test Meter by driving the vehicle on a highway. Result obtained is indicated hereunder and a copy of their certificate dated 25.01.2017 is enclosed as Annexure.
• Without AC :20.8km/hr.
• With AC : 20.7 km/hr.
Thus, it is apparent that Electric generation by adopting our innovation has no perceptible drag impact on the mileage of the vehicle as against the known fact of 10 - 15 % additional fuel consumption of a vehicle when it runs with AC.
D.Use Potentials of the Innovation
Our innovation has been able to increase the efficiency of petroleum powered automobiles by operating their AC compressor through a renewable power source. The innovation can very well be used in Hybrid Electric Vehicles since they also function with petroleum powered ICE. In addition, it will also be most useful to other vehicles/ train coaches as described.
(i) Battery Driven Vehicles
High emphasis is being provided by the world community for use of electric driven vehicles to reduce carbon emission. However, major problems in their adoption is that once fully charged, they can cover a fixed distance. After that they require charging before use which takes considerable time of their users. By generating electricity while the vehicle is moving, the efficiency of battery driven vehicles can be increased significantly.
(ii) Plug in Hybrid Electric Vehicles
Our innovation will be of special advantage to Plug in Hybrid Electric Vehicles. Like battery electric vehicle it will improve their range when running with battery. In addition, while they are running with ICE, the innovation will be able to improve their efficiency/cost saving through charging their battery.

(iii) Train Coaches
The adoption of our innovation will be most useful in reducing the load on train engines for generation of electricity for lighting of passenger coaches. The electrical requirement of Non AC coaches i.e. 5 kW can be very well met with installation of 5 -6 sets of our system on the top of the each coach so that it can run with air impact.
In addition, our innovation can also be beneficial for AC coaches since about 45 alternator installed on the top of a coach can meet the energy needed for air conditioning of that coach.

5. CLAIMS (not applicable for provisional specification. Claims should start with the preamble - "I/We claim" on separate page)
We claim
1. Invention for operating.the automobile AC compressor with the use of electricity generated with air impact during movement of the petroleum powered automobiles.