Claims:
1. A composition comprising:
i) azoxystrobin;
ii) tebuconazole; and
iii) at least one neonicotinoid insecticide.

2. The composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the composition comprises:
i) azoxystrobin;
ii) tebuconazole;
iii) at least one neonicotinoid insecticide; and
iv) a lignosulfonate salt.

3. The composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the composition comprises:
i) azoxystrobin;
ii) tebuconazole;
iii) at least one neonicotinoid insecticide;
iv) a lignosulfonate salt; and
v) an acrylic copolymer and/or a polyalkylene glycol ether.

4. The composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the composition is a flowable concentrate formulation.

5. The composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein at least one neonicotinoid insecticide is selected from the group consisting of acetamiprid, clothianidin, imidacloprid, nitenpyram, nithiazine, thiacloprid, thiamethoxam and mixtures thereof.

6. The composition as claimed in claim 1 comprising:
i) azoxystrobin;
ii) tebuconazole; and
iii) at least one neonicotinoid insecticide;
wherein the composition exhibits not more than 600 cps viscosity both at ambient temperature on 0 days and at AHS study on 14 days.

7. The composition as claimed in claim 1 comprising:
i) azoxystrobin;
ii) tebuconazole; and
iii) at least one neonicotinoid insecticide;
wherein the composition exhibits D50 particle size not more than 3 microns both at ambient temperature on 0 days and at AHS study on 14 days.

8. The composition as claimed in claim 1 comprising:
i) azoxystrobin;
ii) tebuconazole; and
iii) at least one neonicotinoid insecticide;
wherein the composition exhibits D90 particle size not more than 10 microns both at ambient temperature on 0 days and at AHS study on 14 days.

9. The composition as claimed in claim 1 wherein the amount of azoxystrobin in the composition is in the range of 0.1 to 5%, the amount of tebuconazole in the composition is in the range of 0.05 to 5% and the amount of at least one neonicotinoid insecticide in the composition is in the range of 15 to 30% by weight of the composition.

10. A method of improving yield in crops and/or improving plant health and/or controlling insects and/or fungi and/or reducing phytotoxicity in crops, wherein the method comprises treating a plant propagation material of said crops with a flowable concentrate (FS) composition, wherein the composition comprises azoxystrobin; tebuconazole and at least one neonicotinoid insecticide.
, Description:
Field of the invention:
The present disclosure relates to agrochemical compositions for the control of insects and fungi. More particularly, the present disclosure relates to stable agrochemical compositions and methods of using said compositions.

Background of the invention
Combinations of insecticides and fungicides are often used to broaden the spectrum of control of insect and fungal pests, and to reduce dosage, thereby reducing environmental impact, and decreasing the chances of developing resistance.

Damage to seeds from insect and fungal pests is a major concern for the agriculturalist. There are various diseases such as seed rot which reduce germination rates and cause considerable decrease in yield. Treating the seeds with insecticides and/or fungicides can help to reduce damage caused by soil pests. Additional potential advantages of treating seeds or other plant propagation materials are the improvement in germination rates, increased yield, and improved plant health.

However, the choice of inactive ingredients and process of preparing compositions comprising such combinations is also critical as many times, it leads to stability problems.

It has been found by the present inventors that the known compositions comprising Thiamethoxam in combination with Azoxystrobin and Tebuconazole, suffer from viscosity and particle size problems. This can sometimes lead to a farmer rejecting an otherwise good product, which is certainly undesirable.

Thiamethoxam ((EZ)-3-[(2-chlorothiazol-5-yl)methyl]-5-methyl-N-nitro-1,3,5-oxadiazinan-4-imine) is an insecticide with CAS number 153719-23-4 and falls under the class of neonicotinoid insecticides. It is an acetylcholine receptor agonist.
Azoxystrobin (methyl (aE)-2-[[6-(2-cyanophenoxy)-4-pyrimidinyl]oxy]-a-(methoxymethylene)benzeneacetate) is a fungicide with CAS number 131860-33-8 and falls under the class of strobilurin fungicides. It is a respiration inhibitor.

Tebuconazole (a-(2-(4-chlorophenyl)ethyl)-a-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-1-ethanol) is a fungicide with CAS number 107534-96-3 and falls under the class of conazole fungicides. It is a sterol biosynthesis inhibitor.

A composition with better physiochemical properties is therefore needed that comprises a combination of at least one neonicotinoid insecticide, preferably Thiamethoxam, Azoxystrobin and Tebuconazole, which is an unmet need in the art.
The present disclosure provided herein addresses this requirement.

Objectives:
An objective of the present disclosure is to provide a composition, wherein the composition comprises azoxystrobin; tebuconazole and at least one neonicotinoid insecticide.

Another objective of the present disclosure is to provide a flowable concentrate (FS) composition, wherein the composition comprises azoxystrobin; tebuconazole and at least one neonicotinoid insecticide.

Another objective of the present disclosure is to provide a flowable concentrate (FS) composition, wherein the composition comprises azoxystrobin; tebuconazole and at least one neonicotinoid insecticide and wherein the composition exhibits desirable viscosity.

Another objective of the present disclosure is to provide a flowable concentrate (FS) composition, wherein the composition comprises azoxystrobin; tebuconazole and at least one neonicotinoid insecticide and wherein the composition exhibits desirable particle size.

Another objective of the present disclosure is to provide a method of improving yield in crops and/or improving plant health and/or controlling insects and/or fungi using a composition, wherein the composition comprises azoxystrobin; tebuconazole and at least one neonicotinoid insecticide and wherein the composition exhibits desirable viscosity and/or desirable particle size.

Another objective of the present disclosure is to provide a method of improving yield in crops and/or improving plant health and/or controlling insects and/or fungi, wherein the method comprises treating a plant propagation material of said crops with a flowable concentrate (FS) composition, wherein the composition comprises azoxystrobin; tebuconazole and at least one neonicotinoid insecticide, wherein the composition exhibits desirable viscosity and/or desirable particle size.

Another objective of the present disclosure is to provide a method of reducing phytotoxicity in crops, wherein the method comprises treating a plant propagation material of said crops with a flowable concentrate (FS) composition, wherein the composition comprises azoxystrobin; tebuconazole and at least one neonicotinoid insecticide.

Embodiments of the present disclosure achieve one or more of the above-mentioned objectives.

Summary:
In an aspect, the present disclosure provides compositions of azoxystrobin; tebuconazole and at least one neonicotinoid insecticide.

In an aspect, the present disclosure provides flowable concentrate (FS) compositions of azoxystrobin; tebuconazole and at least one neonicotinoid insecticide, wherein the composition exhibits desirable viscosity and/or desirable particle size.

Another aspect of the present invention provides a method of improving yield in crops and/or improving plant health and/or controlling insects and/or fungi and/or reducing phytotoxicity in crops, wherein the method comprises treating a plant propagation material of said crops with a flowable concentrate (FS) composition, wherein the composition comprises azoxystrobin; tebuconazole and at least one neonicotinoid insecticide, wherein the composition exhibits desirable viscosity and/or desirable particle size.

Detailed Description:
The term "plant propagation material" refers to the parts of the plant, such as seeds, which can be used for the propagation of the plant and vegetative plant materials such as cuttings and tubers (for example, potatoes), the seeds (in the strict sense), roots, fruits, tubers, bulbs, rhizomes, and parts of plants, germinated plants or young plants, which may be transplanted after germination or after emergence from the soil. "Insecticidal" refers to the ability of a substance to increase mortality or inhibit, growth rate of insects. “Fungicidal” refers to the ability of a substance to decrease or inhibit growth of fungi. To “control” or “controlling” insects and/or fungi means to inhibit, through a toxic effect, the ability of insects and/or fungi to survive, grow, feed, and/or reproduce, or to limit insect or fungi-related damage or loss in crop plants or denotes control and prevention of a disease. Controlling effects include all deviation from natural development, for example: killing, retardation, decrease of the fugal disease or insect pest. To “control” insects or fungi may or may not mean killing the insects, although it preferably means killing the insects. Throughout the specification and claims, the terms plant and crop have been used interchangeably. The terms a, an and the are include singular and plural both unless the context requires otherwise.

Azoxystrobin (methyl (aE)-2-[[6-(2-cyanophenoxy)-4-pyrimidinyl]oxy]-a-(methoxymethylene)benzeneacetate) is a fungicide with CAS number 131860-33-8 and falls under the class of strobilurin fungicides. It is a respiration inhibitor.

Tebuconazole (a-(2-(4-chlorophenyl)ethyl)-a-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-1-ethanol) is a fungicide with CAS number 107534-96-3 and falls under the class of conazole fungicides. It is a sterol biosynthesis inhibitor.

Neonicotinoid insecticides are systemic with contact and stomach action and are acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonist.

Thiamethoxam ((EZ)-3-[(2-chlorothiazol-5-yl)methyl]-5-methyl-N-nitro-1,3,5-oxadiazinan-4-imine) is an insecticide with CAS number 153719-23-4 and falls under the class of neonicotinoid insecticides. It is an acetylcholine receptor agonist.
An aspect of the present disclosure provides compositions comprising:
i) azoxystrobin;
ii) tebuconazole; and
iii) at least one neonicotinoid insecticide.

In an embodiment, present disclosure provides a composition comprising:
i) azoxystrobin;
ii) tebuconazole; and
iii) at least one neonicotinoid insecticide;
wherein the composition exhibits not more than 600 cps viscosity both at ambient temperature on 0 days and at AHS study on 14 days.

In another embodiment, present disclosure provides a composition comprising:
i) azoxystrobin;
ii) tebuconazole; and
iii) at least one neonicotinoid insecticide;
wherein the composition exhibits not more than 350 cps viscosity at ambient temperature on 0 days and not more than 500 cps viscosity at AHS study on 14 days.

In an embodiment, present disclosure provides a composition comprising:
i) azoxystrobin;
ii) tebuconazole; and
iii) at least one neonicotinoid insecticide;
wherein the composition exhibits D50 particle size not more than 3 microns both at ambient temperature on 0 days and at AHS study on 14 days.

In an embodiment, present disclosure provides a composition comprising:
i) azoxystrobin;
ii) tebuconazole; and
iii) at least one neonicotinoid insecticide;
wherein the composition exhibits D90 particle size not more than 10 microns both at ambient temperature on 0 days and at AHS study on 14 days.

In an embodiment, the neonicotinoid insecticide is selected from the group consisting of acetamiprid, clothianidin, imidacloprid, nitenpyram, nithiazine, thiacloprid, thiamethoxam and mixtures thereof.

In a preferred embodiment, the neonicotinoid insecticide is selected from the group consisting of acetamiprid, thiamethoxam, imidacloprid and mixtures thereof.

In a still preferred embodiment, the neonicotinoid insecticide is thiamethoxam.
In an embodiment, present disclosure provides a composition comprising:
i) azoxystrobin;
ii) tebuconazole; and
iii) thiamethoxam.

In an embodiment, present disclosure provides a composition comprising:
i) azoxystrobin;
ii) tebuconazole; and
iii) thiamethoxam,
wherein the composition exhibits not more than 600 cps viscosity both at ambient temperature on 0 days and at AHS study on 14 days.

In another embodiment, present disclosure provides a composition comprising:
i) azoxystrobin;
ii) tebuconazole; and
iii) thiamethoxam,
wherein the composition exhibits not more than 350 cps viscosity at ambient temperature on 0 days and not more than 500 cps viscosity at AHS study on 14 days.

In an embodiment, present disclosure provides a composition comprising:
i) azoxystrobin;
ii) tebuconazole; and
iii) thiamethoxam,
wherein the composition exhibits D50 particle size not more than 3 microns both at ambient temperature on 0 days and at AHS study on 14 days.

In an embodiment, present disclosure provides a composition comprising:
i) azoxystrobin;
ii) tebuconazole; and
iii) thiamethoxam,
wherein the composition exhibits D90 particle size not more than 10 microns both at ambient temperature on 0 days and at AHS study on 14 days.

In an embodiment, the present disclosure provides a composition comprising:
i) azoxystrobin;
ii) tebuconazole;
iii) at least one neonicotinoid insecticide; and
iv) a lignosulfonate salt.

In an embodiment, present disclosure provides a composition comprising:
i) azoxystrobin;
ii) tebuconazole;
iii) at least one neonicotinoid insecticide; and
iv) a lignosulfonate salt;
wherein the composition exhibits not more than 600 cps viscosity both at ambient temperature on 0 days and at AHS study on 14 days.

In another embodiment, present disclosure provides a composition comprising:
i) azoxystrobin;
ii) tebuconazole;
iii) at least one neonicotinoid insecticide; and
iv) a lignosulfonate salt;
wherein the composition exhibits not more than 350 cps viscosity at ambient temperature on 0 days and not more than 500 cps viscosity at AHS study on 14 days.

In an embodiment, present disclosure provides a composition comprising:
i) azoxystrobin;
ii) tebuconazole; and
iii) at least one neonicotinoid insecticide; and
iv) a lignosulfonate salt;
wherein the composition exhibits D50 particle size not more than 3 microns both at ambient temperature on 0 days and at AHS study on 14 days.

In an embodiment, present disclosure provides a composition comprising:
i) azoxystrobin;
ii) tebuconazole;
iii) at least one neonicotinoid insecticide; and
iv) a lignosulfonate salt;
wherein the composition exhibits D90 particle size not more than 10 microns both at ambient temperature on 0 days and at AHS study on 14 days.

In an embodiment, the present disclosure provides compositions comprising:
i) azoxystrobin;
ii) tebuconazole;
iii) thiamethoxam; and
iv) a lignosulfonate salt.

In an embodiment, the present disclosure provides a composition comprising:
i) azoxystrobin;
ii) tebuconazole;
iii) thiamethoxam; and
iv) a lignosulfonate salt;
wherein the composition exhibits not more than 600 cps viscosity both at ambient temperature on 0 days and at AHS study on 14 days.

In another embodiment, the present disclosure provides a composition comprising:
i) azoxystrobin;
ii) tebuconazole;
iii) thiamethoxam; and
iv) a lignosulfonate salt,
wherein the composition exhibits not more than 350 cps viscosity at ambient temperature on 0 days and not more than 500 cps viscosity at AHS study on 14 days.

In an embodiment, the present disclosure provides a composition comprising:
i) azoxystrobin;
ii) tebuconazole;
iii) thiamethoxam; and
iv) a lignosulfonate salt;
wherein the composition exhibits D50 particle size not more than 3 microns both at ambient temperature on 0 days and at AHS study on 14 days.

In an embodiment, present disclosure provides a composition comprising:
i) azoxystrobin;
ii) tebuconazole;
iii) thiamethoxam; and
iv) a lignosulfonate salt;
wherein the composition exhibits D90 particle size not more than 10 microns both at ambient temperature on 0 days and at AHS study on 14 days.

In an embodiment, D50 particle size is not more than 3 microns both at ambient temperature on 0 days and at AHS study on 14 days.

In an embodiment, D50 particle size is not more than 2 microns both at ambient temperature on 0 days and at AHS study on 14 days.

In an embodiment, D90 particle size is not more than 10 microns both at ambient temperature on 0 days and at AHS study on 14 days.

In an embodiment, D90 particle size is not more than 7 microns both at ambient temperature on 0 days and at AHS study on 14 days.

In an embodiment, D90 particle size is not more than 5 microns both at ambient temperature on 0 days and at AHS study on 14 days.

In an embodiment, the present disclosure provides compositions comprising:
i) azoxystrobin;
ii) tebuconazole;
iii) at least one neonicotinoid insecticide;
iv) a lignosulfonate salt; and
v) an acrylic copolymer and/or a polyalkylene glycol ether.

In an embodiment, the present disclosure provides compositions comprising:
i) azoxystrobin;
ii) tebuconazole;
iii) thiamethoxam;
iv) a lignosulfonate salt; and
v) an acrylic copolymer and/or a polyalkylene glycol ether.

In one or more embodiments, a lignosulfonate salt is sodium lignosulfonate salt.

In one or more embodiments, an acrylic copolymer is a methyl methacrylate graft copolymer, preferably a hydrophilic methyl methacrylate graft copolymer.

In one or more embodiments, a polyalkylene glycol ether is a nonionic polyalkylene glycol ether, preferably a Volatile organic compounds-free, Nonylphenol Ethoxylates-free nonionic polyalkylene glycol ether.

In one or more embodiments, a Volatile organic compounds-free, Nonylphenol Ethoxylates-free nonionic polyalkylene glycol ether is a tetramethylene glycol butyl ether alkoxylated with 38 moles propylene oxide and 45 moles ethylene oxide.

In an embodiment, the present disclosure provides compositions comprising:
i) azoxystrobin;
ii) tebuconazole;
iii) thiamethoxam;
iv) sodium lignosulfonate salt; and
v) hydrophilic methyl methacrylate graft copolymer and/or tetramethylene glycol butyl ether alkoxylated with 38 moles propylene oxide and 45 moles ethylene oxide.

In some embodiments, the compositions according to the present disclosure are used to treat plant propagation materials.

In some embodiments, the compositions according to the present disclosure are used to treat seeds, a type of plant propagation materials.

The compositions of present invention used for seed treatment are efficacious in protecting the seed and/or the plant originating from it during target insect's life cycle in which it causes injury to the seed or plant. In general, the present compositions are efficacious for about 0 to 120 days after sowing, at the same time preventing unacceptable phytotoxicity.

In an embodiment, the compositions of the present invention confer reduced phytotoxicity onto the treated plant propagation material, or to the crop. This reduced phytotoxicity is believed to result in-part due to the presence of the neonicotinoid insecticide which partially acts as a safener to reduce the phytotoxic effects.

In an embodiment, the total amount of azoxystrobin in the composition may be in the range of 0.1 to 99% by weight. The total amount of tebuconazole in the composition may be in the range of 0.1 to 99% by weight. The total amount of neonicotinoid insecticide in the composition may be in the range of 0.1 to 99% by weight.

In one preferred embodiment, the amount of azoxystrobin in the composition is in the range of 0.1 to 5% preferably 0.1 to 2% by weight. The amount of tebuconazole in the composition is in the range of 0.05 to 5% preferably 0.2 to 1% by weight. The amount of at least one neonicotinoid insecticide in the composition is in the range of 15 to 30% preferably 20 to 30% by weight of the composition.

In one preferred embodiment, the total amount of azoxystrobin in the composition is in the range of 0.1 to 5% preferably 0.1 to 2% by weight. The total amount of tebuconazole in the composition is in the range of 0.05 to 5% preferably 0.2 to 1% by weight. The total amount of thiamethoxam in the composition is in the range of 15 to 30% preferably 20 to 30% by weight of the composition.

In an embodiment, there is provided a method of improving yield in crops, wherein the method comprises treating a plant propagation material of said crops with a flowable concentrate (FS) composition, wherein the composition comprises azoxystrobin; tebuconazole and at least one neonicotinoid insecticide, wherein the composition exhibits desirable viscosity and/or desirable particle size.

In an embodiment, there is provided a method of improving yield in crops, wherein the method comprises treating a plant propagation material of said crops with a flowable concentrate (FS) composition, wherein the composition comprises
i) azoxystrobin;
ii) tebuconazole;
iii) thiamethoxam;
iv) a lignosulfonate salt; and
v) an acrylic copolymer and/or a polyalkylene glycol ether and wherein the composition exhibits desirable viscosity and/or desirable particle size.

In an embodiment, there is provided a method of improving plant health, wherein the method comprises treating a plant propagation material of said crops with a flowable concentrate (FS) composition, wherein the composition comprises azoxystrobin; tebuconazole and at least one neonicotinoid insecticide, wherein the composition exhibits desirable viscosity and/or desirable particle size.

In an embodiment, there is provided a method of improving plant health, wherein the method comprises treating a plant propagation material of said crops with a flowable concentrate (FS) composition, wherein the composition comprises
i) azoxystrobin;
ii) tebuconazole;
iii) thiamethoxam;
iv) a lignosulfonate salt; and
v) an acrylic copolymer and/or a polyalkylene glycol ether and wherein the composition exhibits desirable viscosity and/or desirable particle size.

In an embodiment, there is provided a method of controlling insects and/or fungi, wherein the method comprises treating a plant propagation material of said crops with a flowable concentrate (FS) composition, wherein the composition comprises azoxystrobin; tebuconazole and at least one neonicotinoid insecticide, wherein the composition exhibits desirable viscosity and/or desirable particle size.

In an embodiment, there is provided a method of controlling insects and/or fungi, wherein the method comprises treating a plant propagation material of said crops with a flowable concentrate (FS) composition, wherein the composition comprises i) azoxystrobin;
ii) tebuconazole;
iii) thiamethoxam;
iv) a lignosulfonate salt; and
v) an acrylic copolymer and/or a polyalkylene glycol ether and wherein the composition exhibits desirable viscosity and/or desirable particle size.

In an embodiment, there is provided a method of reducing phytotoxicity in crops, wherein the method comprises treating a plant propagation material of said crops with a flowable concentrate (FS) composition, wherein the composition comprises azoxystrobin; tebuconazole and at least one neonicotinoid insecticide, wherein the composition exhibits desirable viscosity and/or desirable particle size.

In an embodiment, there is provided a method of reducing phytotoxicity in crops, wherein the method comprises treating a plant propagation material of said crops with a flowable concentrate (FS) composition, wherein the composition comprises i) azoxystrobin;
ii) tebuconazole;
iii) thiamethoxam;
iv) a lignosulfonate salt; and
v) an acrylic copolymer and/or a polyalkylene glycol ether and wherein the composition exhibits desirable viscosity and/or desirable particle size.

In an embodiment, desirable viscosity means not more than 600 cps viscosity both at ambient temperature on 0 days and at AHS study on 14 days.

In an embodiment, desirable viscosity means not more than 350 cps viscosity at ambient temperature on 0 days and not more than 500 cps viscosity at AHS study on 14 days.

In an embodiment, desirable particle size means D50 particle size not more than 3 microns both at ambient temperature on 0 days and at AHS study on 14 days.

In an embodiment, desirable particle size means D50 particle size not more than 2 microns both at ambient temperature on 0 days and at AHS study on 14 days.

In an embodiment, desirable particle size means D90 particle size not more than 10 microns both at ambient temperature on 0 days and at AHS study on 14 days.

In an embodiment, desirable particle size means D90 particle size not more than 7 microns both at ambient temperature on 0 days and at AHS study on 14 days.

In an embodiment, desirable particle size means D90 particle size not more than 5 microns both at ambient temperature on 0 days and at AHS study on 14 days.

In another embodiment, the present invention provides methods for treating an unsown seed to protect the seed and/or shoots and foliage of a plant grown from the seed from damage by a pest, the method comprising contacting the unsown seed with a composition comprising of azoxystrobin; ii) tebuconazole; and iii) at least one neonicotinoid insecticide.

In another embodiment, the present invention provides methods for treating an unsown seed to protect the seed and/or shoots and foliage of a plant grown from the seed from damage by a pest, the method comprising contacting the unsown seed with a composition comprising of azoxystrobin; ii) tebuconazole; and iii) thiamethoxam.

In an embodiment, the constituents of the composition of the present invention may be applied as per known methods of application to seeds and other plant propagation material or transplanted saplings.

Thus, in an embodiment, the present invention provides a seed treated with said present composition.

In another embodiment, the present invention provides a seed treated with present composition, such that at least a portion of the applied composition is adhered to the plant propagation material.

In an embodiment, the seed may be selected from soybean seed, orange seed, raspberries seed, broccoli seed, prune seed, corn seed, peach seed, mango seed, celery seed, conifer seed, tangerine seed, kiwifruit seed, gooseberry seed, plum seed, pumpkin seed, beet seed, starfruit seed, bean seed, carrot seed, asparagus seed, apple seed, crabapple seed, and swiss chard seed.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the compositions can be formulated into either solid or liquid formulations that are suitable for application to plant propagation material. The formulation may be made as known formulation types such as wettable powders (WP), solutions (LS), emulsions (ES), suspension concentrates (FS), water dispersible granule (WG), or aqueous suspension concentrate (CS).

In another embodiment, the present compositions used to coat seed or plant or plant propagation material is in the form of flowable concentrate, suspension concentrate, emulsifiable concentrate or any other suitable liquid formulation that can coat the seed or plant or plant propagation material.

In preferred embodiment, the formulation is a flowable concentrate (FS).

In an embodiment, FS formulation of present composition is used for seed treatment on ground nut or sorghum.

In an embodiment of each aspect, application rate of said FS formulation is from 0.1 to 1000 ml /10 kg seed, particularly on a ground nut or sorghum seed.

Typically, the plots are treated with present composition at application rate of 50 ml /10 kg of seeds to 200 ml / 10 kg of seeds, preferably in the range of 50 to 150 ml/10 kg of seeds.

In one preferred embodiment, the treatment is provided with present composition at application rate of 100 ml/ 10 kg of seed to 130 ml/ 10 kg of seed.

The seed treatment combination and composition can also comprise or may be applied together and/or sequentially with further active compounds. These further compounds, for example, can be selected from fertilizers or micronutrient donors or microorganisms or other preparations that influence plant growth, such as inoculants (e.g. a strain of nitrogen-fixing bacteria), and plant inducers.

The formulation may be applied by various methods such methods using conventional treating techniques and machines, such as fluidized bed techniques, the roller mill method, rotostatic seed treaters, and drum coaters, drones, and spouted beds. Pre and post coating procedures such as sizing, may also be carried out. Such procedures are known in the art. It is readily understood that plant propagation material will be treated only once it is removed from the plant and is ready to be re-sown.

In an embodiment, the treatment may occur before sowing of the plant propagation material so that the sown material has been pre-treated with the composition. In particular, seed coating or seed pelleting are preferred in the treatment of the compositions according to the invention. As a result of the treatment, the active ingredients in the combination are adhered on to the seed and therefore available for pest and/or disease control.

The formulations may contain standard agriculturally acceptable adjuvants, carriers, diluents, emulsifiers, fillers, anti-foaming agents, thickening agents, anti freezing agents, biocides, and pigments.

The combination of the present invention are effective against phytopathogenic fungi, especially occurring in plants, including seed borne fungi and belong to the following classes such as those selected from Ascomycetes (e.g. Penicillium, Gaeumannomyces graminis); Basidiomycetes (e.g. the genus Hemileia, Rhizoctonia, Puccinia); Fungi imperfecti (e. g. Botrytis, Helminthosporium, Rhynchosporium, Fusarium, Septoria, Cercospora, Alternaria, Pyricularia and Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides); Oomycetes (e. g. Phytophthora, Peronospora, Bremia, Pythium, Plasmopara); and Zygomycetes (e.g., Rhizopus spp.).

The combination of the present invention is especially effective against Alternaria spp., Ascochyta spp., Aspergillus spp., Claviceps purpurea, Cochliobolus spp., Colletotrichum spp., Diplodia maydis, Erysiphe graminis, Fusarium spp. (such as Fusarium culmorum, Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium solani, Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium moniliforme, Fusarium subglutinans), Gaeumannomyces graminis, Giberella fujikuroi, Giberella zeae, Helminthosporium spp. (such as Helminthosporium graminearum, Helminthosporium oryzae, Helminthosporium solani), Monographella nivalis, Penicillium spp., Puccinia spp., Pyrenophora spp. (such as Pyrenophora graminea), Peronosclerospora spp., Peronspora spp., Phakopsora pachyrhizi, Phythium spp., Phoma spp., Phomopsis spp., Rhizoctonia spp. (such as Rhizoctonia cerealis, Rhizoctonia solani), Septoria spp., Pseudocercosporella spp., Tilletia spp., Rhizopus spp., Thielaviopsis basicola, Typhula spp., Ustilago spp., Sphacelotheca spp. (e.g. Spacelotheca reilliani), Thanatephorus cucumeris, and Verticillium spp.

The present combinations may be used to control insect pests such as those from the order Lepidoptera, for example, Acleris spp., Adoxophyes spp., Aegeria spp., Agrotis spp., Alabama argillaceae, Amylois spp., Anticarsia gemmatalis, Archips spp., Argyrotaenia spp., Autographa spp., Busseola fusca, Cadra cautella, Carposina nipponensis, Chilo spp., Choristoneura spp., Clysia ambiguella, Cnaphalocrocis spp., Cnephasia spp., Cochylis spp., Coleophora spp., Crocidolomia spp., Cryptophlebia leucotreta, Crysodeixis includens, Cydia spp., Diatraea spp., Diparopsis castanea, Earias spp., Elasmopalpus spp., Ephestia spp., Eucosma spp., Eupoecilia ambiguella, Euproctis spp., Euxoa spp., Grapholita spp., Hedya nubiferana, Heliothis spp., Hellula undalis, Hyphantria cunea, Keiferia lycopersicella, Leucoptera scitella, Lithocollethis spp., Lobesia botrana, Lymantria spp., Lyonetia spp., Malacosoma spp., Mamestra brassicae, Manduca sexta, Operophtera spp., Ostrinia nubilalis, Pammene spp., Pandemis spp., Panolis flammea, Pectinophora gossypiella, Phthorimaea operculella, Pieris rapae, Pieris spp., Plutella xylostella, Prays spp., Scirpophaga spp., Sesamia spp., Sparganothis spp., Spodoptera spp., Synanthedon spp., Thaumetopoea spp., Tortrix spp., Trichoplusia ni and Yponomeuta spp.; from the order Coleoptera, for example, Agriotes spp., Anthonomus spp., Atomaria linearis, Ceutorhynchus spp., Chaetocnema tibialis, Cosmopolites spp., Curculio spp., Dermestes spp., Diabrotica spp., Epilachna spp., Eremnus spp., Gonocephalum spp., Heteronychus spp., Leptinotarsa decemlineata, Lissorhoptrus spp., Melolontha spp., Orycaephilus spp., Otiorhynchus spp., Phlyctinus spp., Phyllotreta spp., Popillia spp., Protostrophus spp., Psylliodes spp., Rhizopertha spp., Scarabeidae, Sitophilus spp., Sitotroga spp., Tenebrio spp., Tribolium spp. and Trogoderma spp.; from the order Orthoptera, for example, Blatta spp., Blattella spp., Gryllotalpa spp., Leucophaea maderae, Locusta spp., Periplaneta spp. and Schistocerca spp.; from the order Isoptera, for example, Reticulitermes spp.; from the order Psocoptera, for example, ijposcelis spp.; from the order Anoplura, for example, Haematopinus spp., Linognathus spp., Pediculus spp., Pemphigus spp. and Phylloxera spp.; from the order Mallophaga, for example, Damalinea spp. and Trichodectes spp.; from the order Thysanoptera, for example, Frankliniella spp., Hercinothrips spp., Taeniothrips spp. , Thrips palmi, Thrips tabaci and Scirtothrips aurantii; from the order Heteroptera, for example, Dichelops melacanthus, Distantiella theobroma, Dysdercus spp., Euchistus spp., Eurygaster spp., Leptocorisa spp., Nezara spp., Piesma spp., Rhodnius spp., Sahlbergella singularis, Scotinophara spp. and Triatoma spp. ; from the order Homoptera, for example, Aleurothrixus floccosus, Aleyrodes brassicae, Aonidiella spp., Aphididae, Aphis spp., Aspidiotus spp., Bemisia tabaci, Ceroplaster spp., Chrysomphalus aonidium, Chrysomphalus dictyospermi, Coccus hesperidum, Empoasca spp., Eriosoma larigerum, Erythroneura spp., Gascardia spp., and Laodelphax spp.

Lecanium corni, Lepidosaphes spp., Macrosiphus spp., Myzus spp., Nephotettix spp., Nilaparvata spp., Paratoria spp., Pemphigus spp., Planococcus spp., Pseudaulacaspis spp., Pseudococcus spp., Psylla spp., Pulvinaria aethiopica, Quadraspidiotus spp., Rhopalosiphum spp., Saissetia spp., Scaphoideus spp., Schizaphis spp., Sitobion spp., Trialeurodes vaporariorum, Trioza erytreae and Unaspis citri; from the order Hymenoptera, for example, Acromyrmex, Athalia rosae, Atta spp., Cephus spp., Diprion spp., Diprionidae, Gilpinia polytoma, Hoplocampa spp., Lasius spp., Monomorium pharaonis, Neodiprion spp., Solenopsis spp. and Vespa spp.; from the order Diptera, for example, Antherigona soccata, Bibio hortulanus, , Ceratitis spp., Chrysomyia spp., Culex spp., Cuterebra spp., Dacus spp., Delia spp., Drosophila melanogaster, Liriomyza spp. Melanagromyza spp., Orseolia spp., Oscinella frit, Pegomyia hyoscyami, Phorbia spp., Rhagoletis pomonella, Sciara spp.,; from the order Acarina, for example, Acarus siro, Aceria sheldoni, Aculus schlechtendali, Amblyomma spp., Argas spp., Brevipalpus spp., Bryobia praetiosa, Calipitrimerus spp., Chorioptes spp., Dermanyssus gallinae, Eotetranychus carpini, Eriophyes spp., Hyalomma spp., Olygonychus pratensis, Ornithodoros spp., Panonychus spp., Phyllocoptruta oleivora, Polyphagotarsonemus latus, Psoroptes spp., Rhipicephalus spp., Rhizoglyphus spp., Sarcoptes spp., Tarsonemus spp. and Tetranychus spp.; and from the class Nematoda, for example, the species of Meloidogyne spp. (for example, Meloidogyne incoginita and Meloidogyne javanica), Heterodera spp. (for example, Heterodera glycines, Heterodera schachtii, Heterodora avenae and Heterodora trifolii), Globodera spp. (for example, Globodera rostochiensis), Radopholus spp. (for example, Radopholus similes), Rotylenchulus spp., Pratylenchus spp. (for example, Pratylenchus neglectans and Pratylenchus penetrans), Aphelenchoides spp., Helicotylenchus spp., Hoplolaimus spp., Paratrichodorus spp., Longidorus spp., Nacobbus spp., Subanguina spp. Belonlaimus spp., Criconemella spp., Criconemoides spp. Ditylenchus spp., Dolichodorus spp., Hemicriconemoides spp., Hemicycliophora spp., Hirschmaniella spp., Hypsoperine spp., Macroposthonia spp., Melinius spp., Punctodera spp., Quinisulcius spp., Scutellonema spp., Xiphinema spp., and Tylenchorhynchus spp.

In an embodiment, the insect pest may be from Lepidopteran, Coleopteran, Hemipteran, or Homopteran species. However, the choice of the target insect pests is not limiting.

In an embodiment, Lepidopteran pest species which negatively impact agriculture include, but are not limited to, Achoea janata, Adoxophyes spp., Adoxophyes orana, Agrotis spp. (cutworms), Agrotis ipsilon (black cutworm), Alabama argillacea (cotton leafworm), Amorbia cuneana, Amyelosis transitella (navel orangeworm), Anacamptodes defectaria, Anarsia lineatella (peach twig borer), Anomis sabulifera (jute looper), Anticarsia gemmatalis (velvetbean caterpillar), Archips argyrospila (fruittree leafroller), Archips rosana (rose leaf roller), Argyrotaenia spp. (tortricid moths), Argyrotaenia citrana (orange tortrix), Autographa gamma, Bonagota cranaodes, Borbo cinnara (rice leaf folder), Bucculatrix thurberiella (cotton leafperforator), Caloptilia spp. (leaf miners), Capua reticulana, Carposina niponensis (peach fruit moth), Chilo spp., Chlumetia transversa (mango shoot borer), Choristoneura rosaceana (obliquebanded leafroller), Chrysodeixis spp., Cnaphalocerus medinalis (grass leafroller), Colias spp., Conpomorpha cramerella, Cossus cossus (carpenter moth), Crambus spp. (Sod webworms), Cydia funebrana (plum fruit moth), Cydia molesta (oriental fruit moth), Cydia nignicana (pea moth), Cydia pomonella (codling moth), Darna diducta, Diaphania spp. (stem borers), Diatraea spp. (stalk borers), Diatraea saccharalis (sugarcane borer), Diatraea graniosella (southwester corn borer), Earias spp. (bollworms), Earias insulata (Egyptian bollworm), Earias vitella (rough northern bollworm), Ecdytopopha aurantianum, Elasmopalpus lignosellus (lesser cornstalk borer), Epiphysias postruttana (light brown apple moth), Ephestia spp. (flour moths), Ephestia cautella (almond moth), Ephestia elutella (tobbaco moth), Ephestia kuehniella (Mediterranean flour moth), Epimeces spp., Epinotia aporema, Erionota thrax (banana skipper), Eupoecilia ambiguella (grape berry moth), Euxoa auxiliaris (army cutworm), Feltia spp. (cutworms), Gortyna spp. (stemborers), Grapholita molesta (oriental fruit moth), Hedylepta indicata (bean leaf webber), Helicoverpa spp. (noctuid moths), Helicoverpa armigera (cotton bollworm), Helicoverpa zea (bollworm/corn earworm), Heliothis spp. (noctuid moths), Heliothis virescens (tobacco budworm), Hellula undalis (cabbage webworm), Indarbela spp. (root borers), Keiferia lycopersicella (tomato pinworm), Leucinodes orbonalis (eggplant fruit borer), Leucoptera malifoliella, Lithocollectis spp., Lobesia botrana (grape fruit moth), Loxagrotis spp. (noctuid moths), Loxagrotis albicosta (western bean cutworm), Lymantria dispar (gypsy moth), Lyonetia clerkella (apple leaf miner), Mahasena corbetti (oil palm bagworm), Malacosoma spp. (tent caterpillars), Mamestra brassicae (cabbage armyworm), Maruca testulalis (bean pod borer), Metisa plana (bagworm), Mythimna unipuncta (true armyworm), Neoleucinodes elegantalis (small tomato borer), Nymphula depunctalis (rice caseworm), Operophthera brumata (winter moth), Ostrinia nubilalis (European corn borer), Oxydia vesulia, Pandemis cerasana (common currant tortrix), Pandemis heparana (brown apple tortrix), Papilio demodocus, Pectinophora gossypiella (pink bollworm), Peridroma spp. (cutworms), Peridroma saucia (variegated cutworm), Perileucoptera coffeella (white coffee leafminer), Phthorimaea operculella (potato tuber moth), Phyllocnisitis citrella, Phyllonorycter spp. (leafminers), Pieris rapae (imported cabbageworm), Plathypena scabra, Plodia interpunctella (Indian meal moth), Plutella xylostella (diamondback moth), Polychrosis viteana (grape berry moth), Prays endocarpa, Prays oleae (olive moth), and Pseudaletia spp. (noctuid moths), Pseudaletia unipunctata (armyworm), Pseudoplusia includens (soybean looper), Rachiplusia nu, Scirpophaga incertulas, Sesamia spp. (stemborers), Sesamia inferens (pink rice stem borer), Sesamia nonagrioides, Setora nitens, Sitotroga cerealella (Angoumois grain moth), Sparganothis pilleriana, Spodoptera spp. (armyworms), Spodoptera exigua (beet armyworm), Spodoptera fugiperda (fall armyworm), Spodoptera oridania (southern armyworm), Synanthedon spp. (root borers), Thecla basilides, Thermisia gemmatalis, Tineola bisselliella (webbing clothes moth), Trichoplusia ni (cabbage looper), Tuta absoluta, Yponomeuta spp., Zeuzera coffeae (red branch borer) and Zeuzera pyrina (leopard moth).

In yet another embodiment, the insect pests are of the order Orthoptera, such as Anabrus simplex (Mormon cricket), Gryllotalpidae (mole crickets), Locusta migratoria, Melanoplus spp. (grasshoppers), Microcentrum retinerve (angularwinged katydid), Pterophylla spp. (kaydids), chistocerca gregaria, Scudderia furcata (forktailed bush katydid) and Valanga nigricorni.

In yet another embodiment, the insect pests are of the order Thysanoptera, such as Frankliniella fusca (tobacco thrips), Frankliniella occidentalis (western flower thrips), Frankliniella shultzei Frankliniella williamsi (corn thrips), Heliothrips haemorrhaidalis (greenhouse thrips), Riphiphorothrips cruentatus, Scirtothrips spp., Scirtothrips citri (citrus thrips), Scirtothrips dorsalis (yellow tea thrips), Taeniothrips rhopalantennalis and Thrips spp.

In an embodiment Coleopteran insect pests may be selected from but not limited to Acanthoscelides spp. (weevils), Acanthoscelides obtectus (common bean weevil), Agrilus planipennis (emerald ash borer), Agriotes spp. (wireworms), Anoplophora glabripennis (Asian longhorned beetle), Anthonomus spp. (weevils), Anthonomus grandis (boll weevil), Aphidius spp., Apion spp. (weevils), Apogonia spp. (grubs), Ataenius spretulus (Black Turgrass Ataenius), Atomaria linearis (pygmy mangold beetle), Aulacophore spp., Bothynoderes punctiventris (beet root weevil), Bruchus spp. (weevils), Bruchus pisorum (pea weevil), Cacoesia spp., Callosobruchus maculatus (southern cow pea weevil), Carpophilus hemipteras (dried fruit beetle), Cassida vittata, Cerosterna spp, Cerotoma spp. (chrysomeids), Cerotoma trifurcata (bean leaf beetle), and Ceutorhynchus spp. (weevils), Ceutorhynchus assimilis (cabbage seedpod weevil), Ceutorhynchus napi (cabbage curculio), Chaetocnema spp. (chrysomelids), Colaspis spp. (soil beetles), Conoderus scalaris, Conoderus stigmosus, Conotrachelus nenuphar (plum curculio), Cotinus nitidis (Green June beetle), Crioceris asparagi (asparagus beetle), Cryptolestes ferrugineus (rusty grain beetle), Cryptolestes pusillus (flat grain beetle), Cryptolestes turcicus (Turkish grain beetle), Ctenicera spp. (wireworms), Curculio spp. (weevils), Cyclocephala spp. (grubs), Cylindrocpturus adspersus (sunflower stem weevil), Deporaus marginatus (mango leaf-cutting weevil), Dermestes lardarius (larder beetle), Dermestes maculates (hide beetle), Diabrotica spp. (chrysolemids), Epilachna varivestis (Mexican bean beetle), Faustinus cubae, Hylobius pales (pales weevil), Hypera spp. (weevils), Hypera postica (alfalfa weevil), Hyperdoes spp. (Hyperodes weevil), Hypothenemus hampei (coffee berry beetle), Ips spp. (engravers), Lasioderma serricorne (cigarette beetle), Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Colorado potato beetle), Liogenys futscus, Liogenys suturalis, Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus (rice water weevil), Lyctus spp. (wood beetles/powder post beetles), Maecolaspis joliveti, Megascelis spp., Melanotus communis, Meligethes spp., Meligethes aeneus (blossom beetle), Melolontha melolontha (common European cockchafer), Oberea brevis, Oberea linearis, Oryctes rhinoceros (date palm beetle), Oryzaephilus mercator (merchant grain beetle), Oryzaephilus surinamensis (sawtoothed grain beetle), Otiorhynchus spp. (weevils), Oulema melanopus (cereal leaf beetle), Oulema oryzae, Pantomorus spp. (weevils), Phyllophaga spp. (May/June beetle), Phyllophaga cuyabana, Phyllotreta spp. (chrysomelids), Phynchites spp., Popillia japonica (Japanese beetle), Prostephanus truncates (larger grain borer), Rhizopertha dominica (lesser grain borer), Rhizotrogus spp. (Eurpoean chafer), Rhynchophorus spp. (weevils), Scolytus spp. (wood beetles), Shenophorus spp. (Billbug), Sitona lineatus (pea leaf weevil), Sitophilus spp. (grain weevils), Sitophilus granaries (granary weevil), Sitophilus oryzae (rice weevil), Stegobium paniceum (drugstore beetle), Tribolium spp. (flour beetles), Tribolium castaneum (red flour beetle), Tribolium confusum (confused flour beetle), Trogoderma variabile (warehouse beetle) and Zabrus tenebioides.

In an embodiment, the insect pests are of the order Hemiptera, such as Acrosternum hilare (green stink bug), Blissus leucopterus (chinch bug), Calocoris norvegicus (potato mind), Cimex hemipterus (tropical bed bug), Cimex lectularius (bed bug), Dagbertus fasciatus, Dichelops furcatus, Dysdercus suturellus (cotton stainer), Edessa meditabunda, Eurygaster maura (cereal bug), Euschistus heros, Euschistus servus (brown stink bug), Helopeltis antonii, Helopeltis theivora (tea blight plantbug), Lagynotomus spp. (stink bugs), Leptocorisa oratorius, Leptocorisa varicornis, Lygus spp. (plant bugs), Lygus hesperus (western tarnished plant bug), Maconellicoccus hirsutus, Neurocolpus longirostris, Nezara viridula (southern green stink bug), Paratrioza cockerelli, Phytocoris spp. (plant bugs), Phytocoris californicus, Phytocoris relativus, Piezodorus guildingi, Poecilocapsus lineatus (fourlined plant bug), Psallus vaccinicola, Pseudacysta perseae, Scaptocoris castanea and Triatoma spp. (bloodsucking conenose bugs/kissing bugs).

In an embodiment, the insect pests are of the order Homoptera, such as Acrythosiphon pisum (pea aphid), Adelges spp. (adelgids), Aleurodes proletella (cabbage whitefly), Aleurodicus disperses, Aleurothrixus floccosus (woolly whitefly), Aluacaspis spp., Amrasca bigutella bigutella, Aphrophora spp. (leafhoppers), Aonidiella aurantii (California red scale), Aphis spp. (aphids), Aphis gossypii (cotton aphid), Aphis pomi (apple aphid), Aulacorthum solani (foxglove aphid), Bemisia spp. (whiteflies), Bemisia argentifolii, Bemisia tabaci (sweet potato whitefly), Brachycolus noxius (Russian aphid), Brachycorynella asparagi (asparagus aphid), Brevennia rehi, Brevicoryne brassicae (cabbage aphid), Ceroplastes spp. (scales), Ceroplastes rubens (red bawax scale), Chionaspis spp. (scales), Chrysomphalus spp. (scales), Coccus spp. (scales), Dysaphis plantaginea (rosy apple aphid), Empoasca spp. (leafhoppers), Eriosoma lanigerum (woolly apple aphid), Icerya purchasi (cottony cushion scale), Idioscopus nitidulus (mango leafhopper), Laodelphax striatellus (smaller brown planthopper), Lepidosaphes spp., Macrosiphum spp., Macrosiphum euphorbiae (potato aphid), Macrosiphum granarium (English grain aphid), Macrosiphum rosae (rose aphid), Macrosteles quadrilineatus (aster leafhopper), Mahanarva frimbiolata, Metopolophium dirhodum (rose grain aphid), Mictis longicornis, Myzus persicae (green peach aphid), Nephotettix spp. (leafhoppers), Nephotettix cinctipes (green leafhopper), Nilaparvata lugens (brown planthopper), Parlatoria pergandii (chaff scale), Parlatoria ziziphi (ebony scale), Peregrinus maidis (corn delphacid), Philaenus spp. (spittlebugs), Phylloxera vitifoliae (grape phylloxera), Physokermes piceae (spruce bud scale), Planococcus spp. (mealybugs), Pseudococcus spp. (mealybugs), Pseudococcus brevipes (pine apple mealybug), Quadraspidiotus perniciosus (San Jose scale), Rhapalosiphum spp. (aphids), Rhapalosiphum maida (corn leaf aphid), Rhapalosiphum padi (oat bird-cherry aphid), Saissetia spp. (scales), Saissetia oleae (black scale), Schizaphis graminum (greenbug), Sitobion avenae (English grain aphid), Sogatella furcifera (white-backed planthopper), Therioaphis spp. (aphids), Toumeyella spp. (scales), Toxoptera spp. (aphids), Trialeurodes spp. (whiteflies), Trialeurodes vaporariorum (greenhouse whitefly), Trialeurodes abutiloneus (bandedwing whitefly), Unaspis spp. (scales), Unaspis yanonensis (arrowhead scale) and Zulia entreriana.

In an embodiment, the compositions of the present invention may be used for treatment of plant propagation material of crops such as cereals such as wheat, barley, rye, oats, corn, rice, sorghum, triticale and related crops; beets such as sugar beet and fodder beet; leguminous plants such as beans, lentils, peas, soybean; oil plants such as rape, mustard, sunflowers; cucurbits such as marrows, cucumbers, melons; fibre plants such as cotton, flax, hemp, jute; vegetables such spinach, lettuce, asparagus, cabbages, carrots, onions, tomatoes, potatoes, paprika as well as ornamentals such as flowers, shrubs, broad-leaved trees and evergreens, such as conifers. The plant propagation material may also be used on varieties of plant propagation material such as conventional, hybrid or transgenic plants.

In an embodiment, the compositions of the present invention may further contain herbicides, fungicides, insecticides, fertilizers, biologicals, other plant growth additives such as mycorrhiza, silicic acid, and plant derived growth promoters.

The compositions of the invention could be adapted to a violet color associated to the "optical brightness" providing night time brightness through black light, making it difficult to falsify the product and aiding the differentiation of grain for treated seed.

It should be understood that the scope of the present invention is not limited by the examples in any manner. It will be appreciated by any person skilled in this art that the present invention includes aforesaid examples and further can be modified and altered within the technical scope of the present invention.

While the foregoing written description of the invention enables one of ordinary skill to make and use what is considered presently to be the best mode thereof, those of ordinary skill will understand and appreciate the existence of variations, its combinations, and equivalents of the specific embodiment, method, and examples herein. The invention should therefore not be limited by the above described embodiment, method, and examples, but by all embodiments and methods within the scope and spirit of the invention.

EXAMPLES
The invention will be illustrated with reference to the following examples.

Example 1 (Inventive example-formulation):
Ingredients Amount (%) Quantity (in gm)
Thiamethoxam (98%) 26.70 2136.00
Tebuconazole (98%) 00.225 0018.00
Azoxystrobin (98%) 01.33 0106.4
Tetramethylene glycol butyl ether alkoxylated with 38 moles propylene oxide and 45 moles ethylene oxide 02.50 1000.00
Methyl methacrylate graft copolymer 03.00 0240.00
Sodium lignosulphonate 00.50 0040.00
Water 65.745 328.725
Total 100 8000.00

Process of preparation:
Water was charged into batch vessel and agitation was turned on. 20% 50 M solution of Tetramethylene glycol butyl ether alkoxylated with 38 moles propylene oxide and 45 moles ethylene oxide in water that was prepared separately was added and then Methyl methacrylate graft copolymer was added to the vessel. Then sodium lignosulphonate was added slowly to avoid lumps. Ground Thiamethoxam, Azoxystrobin and Tebuconazole were added. The slurry was then chilled before bead milling and well homogenized well for 45 minutes. Milling done with maintaining temperature under 20° C. After that, slurry output was calculated for gellification and proportionate quantity of water was added.

Example 2 (Comparative example):
Ingredients Amount (%) Quantity (in gm)
Thiamethoxam (97%) 26.700 133.500
Tebuconazole (98%) 00.225 001.125
Azoxystrobin (98%) 01.330 006.650
Tetramethylene glycol butyl ether alkoxylated with 38 moles propylene oxide and 45 moles ethylene oxide 15.500 0075.00
Methyl methacrylate graft copolymer 03.000 0015.00
Water 53.24 266.22
Total 100 0500.00

Process of preparation:
Water was charged into batch vessel and agitation was turned on. 20% 50 M solution of Tetramethylene glycol butyl ether alkoxylated with 38 moles propylene oxide and 45 moles ethylene oxide in water that was prepared separately was added and then Methyl methacrylate graft copolymer was added to the vessel. Ground Azoxystrobin, Thiamethoxam and Tebuconazole were added. The slurry was then well homogenized. Milling done with maintaining temperature under 20° C. After that, slurry output was calculated for gellification and proportionate quantity of water was added.

Example 3 (Comparative example):
Ingredients Amount (%) Quantity (in gm)
Thiamethoxam (98%) 30.92 154.60
Tebuconazole (98%) 01.23 06.15
Azoxystrobin (98%) 03.88 19.40
Tetramethylene glycol butyl ether alkoxylated with 38 moles propylene oxide and 45 moles ethylene oxide 12.50 62.50
Magnesium Aluminum Silicate 15.78 78.90
Methyl methacrylate graft copolymer 03.00 15.00
Water 32.69 163.45
Total 100.00 500.00

Process of preparation:
Water was charged into batch vessel and agitation was turned on. Magnesium Aluminum Silicate was added to the vessel and stirring was done for 15 mins. 20% 50 M solution of Tetramethylene glycol butyl ether alkoxylated with 38 moles propylene oxide and 45 moles ethylene oxide in water that was prepared separately was added and then Methyl methacrylate graft copolymer was added to the vessel. Ground Thiamethoxam, Azoxystrobin and Tebuconazole were added in the given sequence. Milling done with maintaining temperature under 20° C. After that, slurry output was calculated for gellification and proportionate quantity of water was added.

Particle size and viscosity data of formulations of example 1, 2 and 3
Example 1 Example 2 Example 3
0 days, ambient temperature 14 days, 54° C AHS 0 days, ambient temperature 14 days, 54° C AHS 0 days, ambient temperature 14 days, 54° C AHS
D50 particle size (Microns) 1.63 1.72 1.50 3.76 1.85 1.87
D90 particle size (Microns) 4.96 5.38 4.06 11.52 5.25 5.31
Viscosity (Centipoise) 274 468 248 474 445 765

As is clear from the above, D50 and D90 particle size and viscosity were for acceptable for example 1. Though viscosity was acceptable for example 2, both D50 and D90 were not acceptable at 14 days AHS study. Though D50 and D90 was acceptable for example 3, viscosity was not acceptable.

Example 4 (Inventive Example-Field Trial)
Composition prepared according to the present disclosure was tested for efficacy against collar rot infestations in groundnut crop. Below table provides summary of observations.

Treatment Active Ingredient Use Rate (g or
ml/10 kg seed) Application details Number of died plants per 20 Sqm after 20 days of sowing
Product 1 Product 2 Product 1 Product
2
1. FS formulation according to example 1 - 75 - All
the treatments were
applied as Seed dressing at
the time of Sowing 0.4
2. FS formulation according to example 1 - 100 - 0.8
3. Thiamethoxam
30% FS - 100 - 15.1
4. Chlorothalonil
75% WP Clothianidin 50% WDG 25 - 4.8
5. Carbendazim 12% +
Mancozeb 63% WP
Clothianidin 50% WDG 25 25 2.9
6. Thiophanate
Methyl 450g/l + Pyraclostrobin
50g/l w/v FS - 25 25 2.6
7. Untreated check 47.3

It was concluded that the compositions of the present invention exhibited surprisingly reduced phytotoxicity, particularly in comparison to compositions without a neonicotinoid insecticide.

Example 5 (Inventive Example-Field Trial)
Composition prepared according to the present disclosure was tested for efficacy against white grub infestation in groundnut crop. Below table provides summary of treatments and observations.
Treatment Active Ingredient Use Rate (g or
ml/10 kg seed) Application details Number of died plants per 20 Sqm after 20 days of sowing
Product 1 Product 2 Product 1 Product 2
1. FS formulation according to example 1 - 75 - All
the treatments were
applied as Seed dressing at
the time of Sowing 0
2. FS formulation according to example 1 - 100 - 0
3. Thiamethoxam
30% FS - 100 - 0
4. Chlorothalonil
75% WP Clothianidin 50% WDG 25 - 0
5. Carbendazim 12% +
Mancozeb 63% WP
Clothianidin 50% WDG 25 25 0
6. Thiophanate
Methyl 450g/l + Pyraclostrobin
50g/l w/v FS - 25 25 100
7. Untreated check 100

It was concluded that the compositions of the present invention exhibited surprisingly reduced phytotoxicity, particularly in comparison to compositions without a neonicotinoid insecticide.

Example 6 (Inventive Example-Field Trial)
Composition prepared according to the present disclosure was tested for efficacy against white grub infestation in sorghum crop. Below table provides summary of treatments and observations.
Sr. No. Treatment details Rate
g or ml / 10 kg seeds Number of white grub affected plants /30 m row at 30 DAS
1. FS formulation according to example 1 10 002
2. Clothianidin 50 % WDG 03 018
3. Untreated Check - 166